Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Pennsylvania Total private (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -0.1 6.5 4.9 1.6 6.6 5.1 1.5 December -0.2 6.4 5.2 1.2 6.6 5.2 1.4 1993 March -2.4 5.8 4.3 1.5 8.2 6.4 1.8 June 3.3 8.7 6.8 1.9 5.4 4.1 1.3 September 0.1 6.2 4.9 1.3 6.1 4.9 1.2 December 0.1 6.6 5.4 1.2 6.5 5.0 1.5 1994 March -2.6 5.8 4.1 1.7 8.4 6.4 2.0 June 3.8 9.3 7.1 2.2 5.5 3.9 1.6 September 0.4 6.4 5.0 1.4 6.0 4.9 1.1 December 0.4 6.6 5.5 1.1 6.2 4.9 1.3 1995 March -2.4 5.5 4.1 1.4 7.9 6.5 1.4 June 3.2 8.6 6.5 2.1 5.4 4.2 1.2 September -0.1 5.9 4.6 1.3 6.0 5.0 1.0 December 0.1 6.5 5.4 1.1 6.4 5.0 1.4 1996 March -2.4 5.6 4.2 1.4 8.0 6.5 1.5 June 3.7 9.0 6.9 2.1 5.3 4.2 1.1 September -0.2 5.9 4.7 1.2 6.1 4.9 1.2 December 0.6 6.9 5.5 1.4 6.3 5.0 1.3 1997 March -1.9 5.8 4.3 1.5 7.7 6.2 1.5 June 3.5 8.5 6.7 1.8 5.0 3.9 1.1 September 0.1 6.3 4.6 1.7 6.2 5.1 1.1 December 0.8 6.9 5.6 1.3 6.1 4.7 1.4 1998 March -1.9 6.1 4.4 1.7 8.0 6.1 1.9 June 3.4 8.8 6.7 2.1 5.4 4.2 1.2 September -0.7 5.6 4.5 1.1 6.3 5.1 1.2 December 1.0 6.9 5.6 1.3 5.9 4.8 1.1 1999 March -2.1 5.9 4.4 1.5 8.0 6.3 1.7 June 3.6 8.9 7.0 1.9 5.3 4.1 1.2 September -0.6 6.1 4.7 1.4 6.7 5.4 1.3 December 0.7 7.1 5.8 1.3 6.4 5.0 1.4 2000 March -1.6 6.2 4.5 1.7 7.8 6.2 1.6 June 3.2 8.3 6.6 1.7 5.1 4.2 0.9 September -0.5 5.9 4.6 1.3 6.4 5.3 1.1 December 0.4 6.7 5.5 1.2 6.3 5.0 1.3 2001 March -2.3 5.7 4.5 1.2 8.0 6.5 1.5 June 2.5 8.6 6.7 1.9 6.1 4.8 1.3 September -1.6 5.5 4.3 1.2 7.1 5.8 1.3 December -0.5 6.4 5.1 1.3 6.9 5.5 1.4 2002 March -2.0 6.0 4.3 1.7 8.0 6.5 1.5 June 2.7 8.3 6.6 1.7 5.6 4.3 1.3 September -1.0 5.5 4.5 1.0 6.5 5.4 1.1 December -0.5 6.3 5.2 1.1 6.8 5.3 1.5 2003 March -2.5 5.5 4.1 1.4 8.0 6.6 1.4 June 2.8 8.1 6.6 1.5 5.3 4.2 1.1 September -0.8 5.4 4.3 1.1 6.2 5.2 1.0 December 0.2 6.3 5.1 1.2 6.1 4.9 1.2 2004 March -1.9 5.3 4.1 1.2 7.2 5.9 1.3 June 3.1 8.1 6.6 1.5 5.0 3.9 1.1 September -0.6 5.4 4.4 1.0 6.0 5.0 1.0 December 0.4 6.2 5.2 1.0 5.8 4.7 1.1 2005 March -2.0 5.1 3.8 1.3 7.1 5.8 1.3 June 3.2 8.3 6.8 1.5 5.1 4.0 1.1 September -0.2 5.5 4.4 1.1 5.7 4.9 0.8 December 0.1 6.0 5.0 1.0 5.9 4.9 1.0 2006 March -1.5 5.1 4.0 1.1 6.6 5.4 1.2 June 3.1 7.7 6.4 1.3 4.6 3.8 0.8 September -0.6 5.0 4.1 0.9 5.6 4.8 0.8 December 0.3 5.8 5.0 0.8 5.5 4.6 0.9 2007 March -1.9 4.9 4.0 0.9 6.8 5.7 1.1 June 3.3 7.9 6.6 1.3 4.6 3.8 0.8 September -1.0 4.7 3.9 0.8 5.7 4.9 0.8 December 0.3 5.9 5.0 0.9 5.6 4.7 0.9 2008 March -2.1 4.5 3.6 0.9 6.6 5.5 1.1 June 2.8 7.6 6.2 1.4 4.8 3.9 0.9 September -1.2 4.7 3.9 0.8 5.9 5.1 0.8 December -1.1 5.3 4.5 0.8 6.4 5.4 1.0 2009 March -4.0 3.9 3.1 0.8 7.9 6.7 1.2 June 1.7 7.0 5.8 1.2 5.3 4.5 0.8 September -1.3 4.7 3.9 0.8 6.0 5.1 0.9 December -0.2 5.6 4.8 0.8 5.8 4.8 1.0 2010 March -2.0 4.5 3.6 0.9 6.5 5.4 1.1 June 3.6 7.7 6.4 1.3 4.1 3.5 0.6 September -0.4 4.9 4.1 0.8 5.3 4.6 0.7 December 0.6 5.9 5.0 0.9 5.3 4.4 0.9 2011 March -1.6 4.5 3.7 0.8 6.1 5.1 1.0 June 3.2 7.5 6.2 1.3 4.3 3.5 0.8 September -0.7 4.8 4.1 0.7 5.5 4.6 0.9 December 0.4 5.6 4.6 1.0 5.2 4.2 1.0 2012 March -1.2 4.9 3.9 1.0 6.1 5.1 1.0 June 2.6 7.1 5.8 1.3 4.5 3.7 0.8 September -0.7 4.7 3.9 0.8 5.4 4.6 0.8 December 0.2 5.4 4.5 0.9 5.2 4.3 0.9 2013 March -1.9 4.5 3.7 0.8 6.4 5.1 1.3 June 2.9 7.2 5.9 1.3 4.3 3.5 0.8 September -0.6 4.6 3.8 0.8 5.2 4.5 0.7 December 0.2 5.4 4.6 0.8 5.2 4.3 0.9 2014 March -1.7 4.3 3.5 0.8 6.0 5.1 0.9 June 3.3 7.4 6.2 1.2 4.1 3.4 0.7 September -0.7 4.4 3.8 0.6 5.1 4.4 0.7 December 0.7 5.5 4.8 0.7 4.8 4.0 0.8 2015 March -2.3 4.0 3.2 0.8 6.3 5.3 1.0 June 3.3 7.4 6.2 1.2 4.1 3.4 0.7 September -0.7 4.6 3.9 0.7 5.3 4.6 0.7 December 0.5 5.7 4.9 0.8 5.2 4.3 0.9 2016 March -1.8 4.4 3.6 0.8 6.2 5.3 0.9 June 2.6 7.0 5.9 1.1 4.4 3.7 0.7 September -0.3 4.9 4.1 0.8 5.2 4.5 0.7 December 0.2 5.3 4.6 0.7 5.1 4.3 0.8 2017 March -1.8 4.3 3.5 0.8 6.1 5.2 0.9 June 3.0 7.3 6.2 1.1 4.3 3.6 0.7 September -0.4 4.8 4.1 0.7 5.2 4.5 0.7 December 0.4 5.3 4.6 0.7 4.9 4.1 0.8 2018 March -1.5 4.4 3.6 0.8 5.9 5.0 0.9 June 2.8 7.1 6.0 1.1 4.3 3.6 0.7 September -0.5 4.7 4.0 0.7 5.2 4.5 0.7 December 0.6 5.3 4.6 0.7 4.7 3.9 0.8 2019 March -1.5 4.2 3.4 0.8 5.7 4.8 0.9 June 2.6 7.0 5.9 1.1 4.4 3.7 0.7 September -0.7 4.6 3.9 0.7 5.3 4.6 0.7 December 0.6 5.4 4.7 0.7 4.8 4.0 0.8 2020 March -2.7 4.0 3.4 0.6 6.7 5.5 1.2 June -10.1 4.5 3.6 0.9 14.6 12.3 2.3 September 3.8 8.7 6.9 1.8 4.9 4.2 0.7 December 1.0 6.2 5.4 0.8 5.2 4.3 0.9 2021 March -0.3 5.3 4.4 0.9 5.6 4.8 0.8 June 3.0 7.4 6.3 1.1 4.4 3.9 0.5 September 0.3 5.5 4.6 0.9 5.2 4.6 0.6 December 2.2 6.9 6.1 0.8 4.7 4.0 0.7 2022 March -0.5 5.2 4.4 0.8 5.7 4.8 0.9 June 2.4 7.1 6.1 1.0 4.7 4.1 0.6 September 0.3 5.4 4.6 0.8 5.1 4.5 0.6 December 0.5 5.5 4.8 0.7 5.0 4.1 0.9 2023 March -0.9 4.6 3.8 0.8 5.5 4.6 0.9 June 2.2 6.8 5.9 0.9 4.6 3.9 0.7 September -0.6 4.6 4.0 0.6 5.2 4.5 0.7 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.