Table 5. Parameter estimates in the U.S. Census Bureau Midwest region in January 2023
Variable Description Parameter estimate Standard error T-value P-value > |t|

Intercept

Intercept 6.3197 0.0626 101.03 <.0001

Age

Current year less the year a unit was built (whether known or imputed) -0.0118 0.0014 -8.21 <.0001

Age2

Age squared 0.0001 0.0000 2.41 0.016

Age3

Age cubed 0.0000 0.0000 -0.01 0.991

AGE65PLS

The percentage of the block group’s population that are ages 65 years and older 0.0691 0.0556 1.24 0.214

Ageallrm

Age times the total number of rooms 0.0004 0.0001 4.16 <.0001

Agedtchd

Age for single, detached structures (0 otherwise) -0.0017 0.0004 -3.94 <.0001

Ageold

Age of structures built between 1900 and 1919 (0 otherwise) -0.0006 0.0003 -1.89 0.058

Adjavgagi

The average adjusted gross income for a zip code expressed as a ratio of the average adjusted gross income for the CPI pricing area 0.0925 0.0095 9.73 <.0001

Bath

Total number of full and half bathrooms 0.0974 0.0298 3.27 0.001

Bathsq

Bath squared -0.0002 0.0079 -0.03 0.977

Bedn

Number of bedrooms 0.1417 0.0155 9.15 <.0001

Bedsq

Bedn squared -0.0069 0.0035 -2.00 0.045

Cntrlair

To indicate if a unit has central air-conditioning 0.1003 0.0163 6.15 <.0001

Detached

To indicate if a structure is single family, detached 0.1684 0.0294 5.72 <.0001

Elecheat

To indicate if a unit’s heating is electric 0.0254 0.0351 0.72 0.469

Elecincl

To indicate if electricity is included in the rent 0.0760 0.0173 4.39 <.0001

Gasheat

To indicate if a unit’s heating fuel is natural gas 0.0346 0.0347 1.00 0.319

Heatincl

To indicate if heating is included in the rent 0.0170 0.0112 1.52 0.129

LARGBLDG

The percentage of the block group’s housing units in structures with 50 or more units 0.1338 0.0334 4.01 <.0001

LGHOCC

Length of occupancy, or the number of months between the month a tenant moved into a unit and the most recent month of CPI Housing Survey data collection -0.0007 0.0001 -12.37 <.0001

MOBLHOME

The percentage of the block group’s housing units that are mobile homes or trailer units -0.1805 0.0657 -2.75 0.006

Otherair

To indicate if a unit’s air-conditioning is swamp cooler, heat pump, or through-the-wall air conditioner 0.0291 0.0171 1.71 0.088

Othrmn

Number of other rooms, such as living rooms, kitchens, and finished basements -0.0060 0.0067 -0.90 0.366

RENTOCCP

The percentage of the block group’s households that are renter households 0.0679 0.0231 2.94 0.003

SCHOLAGE

The percentage of the block group’s population that are ages 6 to 18 0.0214 0.0539 0.40 0.691

SOMCOLLG

The percentage of the block group’s population ages 25 years and older with at least some college attendance or completion 0.4256 0.0334 12.73 <.0001

UNDRPVTY

The percentage of the block group’s population for whom poverty status is determined as under the poverty line -0.1095 0.0424 -2.58 0.010

Wndowair

To indicate if a unit’s air-conditioning is window air-conditioning units -0.0195 0.0177 -1.10 0.272

EXTRACHARGES

To indicate that a unit’s rent includes any extra charges 0.0842 0.0133 6.34 <.0001

NEW_TENANT

To indicate that the occupant(s) moved into the unit since the last time rent was collected 0.0749 0.0092 8.11 <.0001

ELEVATOR

To indicate if the structure has an elevator 0.1150 0.0125 9.23 <.0001

MOBILEHOME

To indicate if a structure is a mobile home -0.1378 0.0499 -2.76 0.006

IN_SENIOR_CMMTY

To indicate that a unit is part of a senior-living residential community 0.8650 0.0267 32.41 <.0001

PCT_COLLEGE

The percentage of the block group’s population ages 3 and older enrolled in undergraduate, graduate, or professional school -0.1312 0.0482 -2.72 0.007

DENSITY

The log of total block group population divided by land area 0.0310 0.0034 9.10 <.0001

N23C

Unit is in the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN, CPI pricing area -0.3312 0.0197 -16.79 <.0001

N23D

Unit is in the Cleveland-Elyria, OH, CPI pricing area -0.3303 0.0181 -18.23 <.0001

N23E

Unit is in the Columbus, OH, CPI pricing area -0.3111 0.0168 -18.55 <.0001

N23F

Unit is in the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI, CPI pricing area -0.2406 0.0167 -14.43 <.0001

N23G

Unit is in the Dayton, OH, CPI pricing area -0.4407 0.0170 -26.00 <.0001

N23H

Unit is in the Flint, MI, CPI pricing area -0.4658 0.0188 -24.73 <.0001

N23I

Unit is in the Janesville-Beloit, WI, CPI pricing area -0.3733 0.0174 -21.43 <.0001

N23J

Unit is in the Frankfort, IN, CPI pricing area -0.4938 0.0235 -21.03 <.0001

S23B

Unit is in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI, CPI pricing area -0.2442 0.0193 -12.64 <.0001

C218

Unit is in the Brookings, SD, CPI pricing area -0.5507 0.0238 -23.14 <.0001

N24C

Unit is in the Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA, CPI pricing area -0.3295 0.0202 -16.29 <.0001

N24D

Unit is in the Wichita, KS, CPI pricing area -0.5266 0.0234 -22.48 <.0001

N24E

Unit is in the Lincoln, NE, CPI pricing area -0.4086 0.0171 -23.84 <.0001

S24A

Unit is in the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI, CPI pricing area -0.0812 0.0150 -5.42 <.0001

S24B

Unit is in the St. Louis, MO-IL, CPI pricing area -0.3554 0.0179 -19.90 <.0001

Note: CPI = Consumer Price Index.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.