HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 30 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 40 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, 1975-2002 TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22,23 & 31 & ISIC 32) IMPORTANT NOTE: DATA IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE INTRODUCTION AND IN THE COUNTRY NOTES. THE INTRODUCTION AND COUNTRY NOTES CAN BE ACCESSED AT: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ForeignLabor/indnotes.txt. General Notes: The measures for total manufacturing were published in news release USDL 03-507, "International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 2002," September 26, 2003. The measures for individual manufacturing industries are less reliable than the total manufacturing data because there are more technical limitations associated with them. For more information about limitations, see the Technical Notes and Country Notes. The measures in these tables are shown according to the U.S. 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for every U.S. two-digit level industry and selected three-digit industries. Data are also shown for two-digit level International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 2 industry groups. Currently, data are unavailable for the latest years for several countries in which there have been recent changes in wage surveys or in industrial classification. Additional revisions to this database will be made on an SIC basis. In the future, this database will be converted to a NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) basis. Note: Hourly compensation costs in national currency for countries that are members of the European Monetary Union (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) are expressed in the national currency used in each country prior to the implementation of the euro for 1975-1998, and in euros for 1999-2002. More information about national currency units and exchange rates used in these tables is on page 136. .. Data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity And Technology, May 18, 2004. HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100 PAGE 11 TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22,23 & 31 & ISIC 32) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 27 24 14 14 11 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 89 106 96 90 90 96 91 79 74 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 17 14 19 18 10 9 10 10 11 12 13 13 JAPAN................... 51 63 53 87 114 122 134 112 99 87 98 103 86 80 KOREA................... 7 13 12 30 42 45 51 52 47 31 35 38 36 41 TAIWAN.................. 8 14 17 35 41 41 42 40 38 32 32 33 31 29 AUSTRIA................. 79 103 67 132 134 139 157 151 131 128 120 102 99 104 BELGIUM................. 127 162 88 155 157 162 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 135 151 88 167 161 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 88 101 80 164 119 #128 #150 141 126 124 118 102 101 107 FRANCE.................. 90 117 75 131 127 127 137 131 114 112 105 92 90 95 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 119 153 89 172 177 183 210 196 167 160 149 131 128 133 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 149 139 121 118 123 IRELAND................. 58 75 55 91 86 87 91 91 85 82 80 72 77 82 ITALY................... 95 115 81 155 124 121 119 126 114 106 99 84 80 83 NETHERLANDS (1)......... 138 168 89 159 160 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SPAIN................... .. .. .. 91 81 76 81 83 73 70 65 57 56 60 SWEDEN.................. 153 185 106 193 148 #150 165 180 159 154 145 131 116 123 SWITZERLAND............. 114 143 94 174 169 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 70 104 57 98 88 89 93 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Excluding leather & leather products. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN U.S. DOLLARS PAGE 12 TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22,23 & 31 & ISIC 32) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 3.94 5.91 7.80 9.24 10.27 10.62 11.00 11.40 11.86 12.31 12.88 13.40 13.76 14.35 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.22 3.19 2.98 1.76 1.87 1.54 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 6.93 9.84 9.87 9.60 9.87 10.93 10.81 9.74 9.50 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 1.32 1.32 1.96 1.93 1.08 1.06 1.19 1.20 1.36 1.63 1.82 1.89 JAPAN................... 2.00 3.74 4.12 8.07 11.70 12.98 14.72 12.78 11.80 10.77 12.60 13.82 11.84 11.49 KOREA................... 0.27 0.75 0.93 2.76 4.31 4.76 5.60 5.97 5.54 3.82 4.53 5.07 4.93 5.84 TAIWAN.................. 0.30 0.85 1.34 3.26 4.18 4.37 4.64 4.52 4.51 4.00 4.17 4.38 4.21 4.19 AUSTRIA................. 3.13 6.09 5.20 12.20 13.76 14.73 17.28 17.18 15.52 15.82 15.42 13.62 13.63 14.86 BELGIUM................. 4.99 9.58 6.84 14.30 16.11 17.20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 5.32 8.89 6.83 15.40 16.52 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 3.45 5.98 6.27 15.16 12.26 #13.61 #16.55 16.06 14.99 15.25 15.14 13.66 13.93 15.37 FRANCE.................. 3.55 6.94 5.88 12.07 12.99 13.47 15.12 14.89 13.53 13.76 13.53 12.34 12.40 13.59 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 4.67 9.06 6.93 15.88 18.16 19.43 23.08 22.31 19.82 19.72 19.22 17.56 17.54 19.02 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18.35 17.87 16.27 16.25 17.62 IRELAND................. 2.27 4.44 4.30 8.44 8.80 9.25 10.04 10.36 10.11 10.15 10.24 9.62 10.63 11.78 ITALY................... 3.74 6.78 6.30 14.31 12.78 12.90 13.07 14.31 13.49 13.07 12.69 11.21 11.02 11.90 NETHERLANDS (1)......... 5.42 9.94 6.95 14.66 16.47 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SPAIN................... .. .. .. 8.41 8.32 8.08 8.96 9.44 8.63 8.58 8.43 7.62 7.71 8.55 SWEDEN.................. 6.03 10.92 8.25 17.86 15.17 #15.96 18.10 20.52 18.90 18.94 18.63 17.58 15.89 17.70 SWITZERLAND............. 4.50 8.42 7.33 16.08 17.32 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 2.74 6.15 4.47 9.05 8.99 9.40 10.27 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Excluding leather & leather products. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN NATIONAL CURRENCY PAGE 13 TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND LEATHER PRODUCTS (US SIC 22,23 & 31 & ISIC 32) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 3.94 5.91 7.80 9.24 10.27 10.62 11.00 11.40 11.86 12.31 12.88 13.40 13.76 14.35 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.23 3.44 3.46 3.20 3.41 3.62 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 9.46 11.48 12.73 13.11 13.55 14.90 14.97 14.46 14.12 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 339.5 3724 #6.12 6.50 6.95 8.05 9.41 10.97 12.94 15.43 16.98 18.31 JAPAN................... 593.0 844.6 981.5 1170 1300 1327 1383 1390 1429 1410 1433 1490 1440 1438 KOREA................... 130.6 454.6 813.2 1952 3462 3824 4319 4799 5266 5349 5393 5733 6374 7304 TAIWAN.................. 11.44 30.62 53.44 87.86 110.3 115.6 123.0 124.1 129.9 134.1 134.7 136.8 142.4 144.8 AUSTRIA................. 54.42 78.77 107.6 138.2 160.2 168.1 174.2 182.0 189.5 195.8 #14.48 14.76 15.23 15.72 BELGIUM................. 182.9 279.7 406.0 478.0 557.2 575.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 30.53 50.07 72.35 95.30 107.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 12.65 22.25 38.88 58.05 70.20 #71.26 #72.41 73.78 77.87 81.56 #14.21 14.79 15.56 16.26 FRANCE.................. 15.19 29.29 52.81 65.77 73.60 74.69 75.40 76.17 79.00 81.20 #12.70 13.36 13.85 14.37 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 11.46 16.45 20.40 25.67 30.06 31.51 33.05 33.58 34.38 34.70 #18.04 19.02 19.60 20.12 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32.30 #16.78 17.63 18.16 18.64 IRELAND................. 1.02 2.16 4.04 5.09 6.01 6.18 6.26 6.48 6.67 7.12 #9.62 10.42 11.87 12.46 ITALY................... 2442 5801 12024 17142 20097 20786 21292 22084 22980 22695 #11.91 12.14 12.31 12.59 NETHERLANDS (1)......... 13.68 19.73 23.06 26.71 30.59 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SPAIN................... .. .. .. 857.8 1060 1082 1116 1196 1264 1282 #7.91 8.25 8.61 9.04 SWEDEN.................. 24.98 46.18 71.00 105.8 118.3 #123.1 129.3 137.6 144.5 150.6 #154.2 161.2 164.4 172.0 SWITZERLAND............. 11.62 14.10 17.99 22.35 25.60 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 1.23 2.64 3.44 5.07 5.99 6.14 6.51 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Excluding leather & leather products. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004