HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 30 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 40 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, 1975-2002 PAPER, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 26 & 27 & ISIC 34) IMPORTANT NOTE: DATA IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE INTRODUCTION AND IN THE COUNTRY NOTES. THE INTRODUCTION AND COUNTRY NOTES CAN BE ACCESSED AT: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ForeignLabor/indnotes.txt. General Notes: The measures for total manufacturing were published in news release USDL 03-507, "International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 2002," September 26, 2003. The measures for individual manufacturing industries are less reliable than the total manufacturing data because there are more technical limitations associated with them. For more information about limitations, see the Technical Notes and Country Notes. The measures in these tables are shown according to the U.S. 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for every U.S. two-digit level industry and selected three-digit industries. Data are also shown for two-digit level International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 2 industry groups. Currently, data are unavailable for the latest years for several countries in which there have been recent changes in wage surveys or in industrial classification. Additional revisions to this database will be made on an SIC basis. In the future, this database will be converted to a NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) basis. Note: Hourly compensation costs in national currency for countries that are members of the European Monetary Union (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) are expressed in the national currency used in each country prior to the implementation of the euro for 1975-1998, and in euros for 1999-2002. More information about national currency units and exchange rates used in these tables is on page 136. .. Data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity And Technology, May 18, 2004. HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100 PAGE 35 PAPER, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 26 & 27 & ISIC 34) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 41 40 38 23 24 18 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 93 116 111 102 102 101 96 89 85 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 12 10 15 14 8 8 9 9 10 12 13 13 AUSTRALIA............... 95 96 67 91 81 88 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. JAPAN................... 47 56 51 86 117 128 140 122 109 94 104 109 93 86 KOREA................... 6 12 11 25 34 37 41 45 46 33 43 43 41 43 TAIWAN.................. .. 12 13 27 34 36 38 37 35 30 31 32 30 26 BELGIUM................. 104 133 69 131 133 138 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 113 138 76 138 139 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 83 97 74 159 117 #132 #165 159 142 141 137 120 117 124 FRANCE.................. 82 96 63 119 117 120 132 127 111 109 104 91 88 93 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 95 123 70 141 147 154 182 173 147 142 135 120 114 119 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 139 132 117 111 116 ITALY................... 84 92 64 130 105 104 103 111 102 95 90 77 73 76 NETHERLANDS............. 107 125 68 128 129 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SPAIN................... .. .. .. 75 69 68 74 73 67 66 63 55 51 54 SWEDEN.................. 120 141 81 152 117 #122 137 154 134 128 123 111 97 103 SWITZERLAND............. 100 128 85 157 150 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 52 80 54 94 83 88 91 90 96 99 97 91 86 88 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN U.S. DOLLARS PAGE 36 PAPER, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 26 & 27 & ISIC 34) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 6.59 10.08 13.54 15.69 17.17 17.39 17.75 18.13 18.80 19.31 19.86 20.40 21.34 22.08 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.41 7.59 7.29 4.48 4.89 3.95 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 12.55 18.17 19.03 17.76 18.10 18.33 18.10 17.27 16.89 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 1.59 1.57 2.51 2.50 1.47 1.50 1.74 1.80 2.04 2.37 2.70 2.80 AUSTRALIA............... 6.28 9.71 9.09 14.32 13.95 15.30 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. JAPAN................... 3.12 5.67 6.92 13.52 20.12 22.25 24.84 22.10 20.44 18.11 20.69 22.30 19.90 18.92 KOREA................... 0.40 1.16 1.46 3.98 5.75 6.46 7.31 8.14 8.59 6.37 8.52 8.85 8.66 9.58 TAIWAN.................. .. 1.25 1.78 4.29 5.76 6.18 6.71 6.68 6.57 5.80 6.09 6.53 6.39 5.70 BELGIUM................. 6.87 13.44 9.36 20.51 22.91 24.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 7.41 13.94 10.24 21.62 23.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 5.46 9.82 10.04 24.93 20.07 #22.89 #29.33 28.81 26.73 27.30 27.31 24.51 25.04 27.28 FRANCE.................. 5.41 9.65 8.54 18.69 20.03 20.90 23.39 23.07 20.81 21.07 20.65 18.63 18.79 20.61 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 6.28 12.42 9.48 22.10 25.24 26.77 32.26 31.37 27.62 27.42 26.87 24.54 24.34 26.20 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26.78 26.23 23.93 23.74 25.51 ITALY................... 5.55 9.27 8.65 20.38 18.06 18.14 18.32 20.16 19.10 18.44 17.86 15.75 15.48 16.77 NETHERLANDS............. 7.04 12.64 9.27 20.01 22.20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SPAIN................... .. .. .. 11.71 11.88 11.84 13.15 13.21 12.53 12.79 12.52 11.20 10.95 11.96 SWEDEN.................. 7.90 14.17 10.93 23.82 20.02 #21.23 24.37 27.98 25.17 24.63 24.41 22.66 20.72 22.67 SWITZERLAND............. 6.60 12.94 11.51 24.63 25.68 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 3.41 8.10 7.37 14.78 14.19 15.34 16.19 16.38 18.00 19.02 19.21 18.59 18.30 19.48 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN NATIONAL CURRENCY PAGE 37 PAPER, PRINTING, AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 26 & 27 & ISIC 34) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 6.59 10.08 13.54 15.69 17.17 17.39 17.75 18.13 18.80 19.31 19.86 20.40 21.34 22.08 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.45 8.18 8.46 8.16 8.95 9.29 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 17.14 21.20 24.55 24.26 24.85 25.00 25.07 25.63 25.10 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 408.4 4423 #7.82 8.43 9.43 11.43 13.78 16.46 19.53 22.46 25.18 27.08 AUSTRALIA............... 4.80 8.52 12.98 18.35 20.52 20.92 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. JAPAN................... 926.9 1279 1652 1960 2235 2274 2334 2405 2475 2373 2353 2404 2420 2369 KOREA................... 194.9 706.0 1269 2818 4618 5192 5641 6551 8164 8915 10140 10009 11185 11975 TAIWAN.................. .. 44.98 70.98 115.4 152.1 163.7 177.8 183.6 189.2 194.7 196.7 204.2 216.2 196.9 BELGIUM................. 251.9 392.6 555.6 685.3 792.1 805.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 42.52 78.49 108.5 133.8 154.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 20.03 36.51 62.22 95.48 114.9 #119.8 #128.4 132.4 138.9 146.0 #25.63 26.55 27.97 28.85 FRANCE.................. 23.15 40.71 76.68 101.8 113.5 115.9 116.6 118.0 121.5 124.3 #19.38 20.18 21.00 21.80 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 15.41 22.54 27.90 35.73 41.76 43.41 46.19 47.21 47.92 48.26 #25.22 26.58 27.19 27.72 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.14 #24.62 25.92 26.52 26.99 ITALY................... 3622 7925 16506 24419 28413 29227 29839 31113 32553 32029 #16.77 17.06 17.30 17.73 NETHERLANDS............. 17.75 25.08 30.77 36.47 41.24 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. SPAIN................... .. .. .. 1195 1515 1586 1639 1674 1835 1911 #11.75 12.13 12.23 12.65 SWEDEN.................. 32.74 59.94 94.03 141.1 156.1 #163.8 174.0 187.7 192.4 195.9 #202.0 207.9 214.3 220.3 SWITZERLAND............. 17.03 21.68 28.26 34.23 37.96 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 1.54 3.48 5.68 8.28 9.45 10.01 10.26 10.49 10.99 11.48 11.88 12.27 12.71 12.97 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004