HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 34 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 22 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, 1992-2007 "NACE countries": Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. See Technical Notes for further information. National currency units: United States, dollar; Brazil, real; Canada, dollar; Mexico, peso; Australia, dollar; Hong Kong, dollar; Israel, new shekel; Japan, yen; Republic of Korea, won; New Zealand, dollar; Philippines, peso; Singapore, dollar; Sri Lanka, rupee; Taiwan, dollar; Austria, schilling (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Belgium, franc (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Czech Republic, koruna; Denmark, krone; Finland, markkaa (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); France, franc (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Germany, mark (1993-1998), euro (1999-2006); Greece, drachma (1992-2000), euro (2001-2006); Hungary, forint; Ireland, pound (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Italy, lira (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Luxembourg, franc (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); the Netherlands, guilder (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Norway, kroner; Poland, zloty; Portugal, escudo (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Spain, peseta (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Sweden, krona; Switzerland, franc; United Kingdom, pound. See Technical Notes for further information. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity and Technology, August 12, 2009. EXCHANGE RATE DATA PAGE 6 Exchange Rates: National Currency Units per U.S. Dollar PAGE 7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Country or Area 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- United States........... 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Brazil.................. .. .. .. .. 1.005 1.078 1.161 1.821 1.830 2.353 2.921 3.075 2.926 2.435 2.174 1.946 Canada.................. 1.209 1.290 1.366 1.373 1.364 1.385 1.484 1.486 1.486 1.549 1.570 1.401 1.302 1.212 1.134 1.073 Mexico.................. 3095 3.116 3.375 6.419 7.600 7.918 9.152 9.553 9.459 9.337 9.663 10.79 11.29 10.89 10.91 10.93 Australia............... 1.360 1.471 1.367 1.350 1.277 1.345 1.590 1.549 1.720 1.935 1.839 1.533 1.358 1.311 1.327 1.192 Hong Kong SAR........... 7.740 7.736 7.729 7.736 7.735 7.743 7.747 7.759 7.792 7.800 7.800 7.788 7.789 7.778 7.768 7.802 Israel.................. 2.459 2.830 3.011 3.011 3.192 3.449 3.800 4.140 4.077 4.206 4.738 4.554 4.482 4.488 4.457 4.133 Japan................... 126.8 111.1 102.2 93.96 108.8 121.1 131.0 113.7 107.8 121.6 125.2 115.9 108.2 110.1 116.3 117.8 Korea, Republic of...... 780.6 802.7 803.5 771.3 804.5 950.8 1400 1190 1131 1292 1250 1192 1145 1024 954.3 929.0 New Zealand............. 1.859 1.847 1.685 1.524 1.454 1.509 1.865 1.889 2.189 2.380 2.153 1.718 1.505 1.419 1.540 1.358 Philippines............. 25.51 27.12 26.42 25.71 26.13 29.47 40.89 39.09 44.19 50.99 51.60 54.20 56.04 55.09 51.25 46.79 Singapore............... 1.629 1.616 1.527 1.417 1.410 1.486 1.672 1.695 1.725 1.793 1.791 1.743 1.690 1.664 1.588 1.507 Sri Lanka............... 43.83 48.32 49.42 51.25 55.27 59.00 64.45 70.64 77.01 89.38 95.66 96.54 101.2 100.5 103.9 110.6 Taiwan.................. 25.16 26.42 26.47 26.50 27.47 28.78 33.55 32.32 31.26 33.82 34.54 34.41 33.37 32.13 32.51 32.85 Austria................. 10.99 11.64 11.41 10.08 10.59 12.21 12.38 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Belgium................. 32.15 34.58 33.43 29.47 30.97 35.81 36.31 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Czech Republic.......... .. .. .. 26.54 27.15 31.70 32.28 34.57 38.60 38.04 32.74 28.21 25.70 23.96 22.60 20.54 Denmark................. 6.037 6.486 6.356 5.600 5.800 6.609 6.703 6.990 8.095 8.332 7.886 6.577 5.989 5.995 5.942 5.441 Finland................. 4.487 5.725 5.234 4.376 4.595 5.196 5.347 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 France.................. 5.294 5.667 5.546 4.986 5.116 5.839 5.900 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Germany................. .. 1.655 1.622 1.432 1.505 1.735 1.760 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Greece.................. 190.6 229.3 242.6 231.7 240.7 273.1 295.5 306.7 365.4 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Hungary................. .. .. 105.2 125.7 152.6 186.8 214.4 237.1 282.2 286.5 257.9 224.3 202.7 199.6 210.4 185.2 Ireland................. .5868 .6827 .6680 .6236 .6252 .6595 .7019 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Italy................... 1232 1573 1611 1629 1543 1704 1737 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Luxembourg.............. 32.15 34.60 33.46 29.48 30.96 35.77 36.30 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Netherlands............. 1.759 1.858 1.819 1.604 1.686 1.953 1.984 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Norway.................. 6.214 7.098 7.055 6.336 6.459 7.086 7.552 7.807 8.813 8.996 7.984 7.080 6.740 6.441 6.410 5.856 Poland.................. .. .. .. .. .. 3.280 3.480 3.970 4.350 4.094 4.080 3.889 3.658 3.236 3.103 2.802 Portugal................ 135.1 161.1 165.9 149.9 154.3 175.4 180.3 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Spain................... 102.4 127.5 133.9 124.6 126.7 146.5 149.4 .9387 1.083 1.117 1.058 .8833 .8040 .8033 .7960 .7293 Sweden.................. 5.826 7.796 7.716 7.141 6.708 7.645 7.952 8.274 9.174 10.34 9.720 8.080 7.348 7.471 7.372 6.755 Switzerland............. 1.406 1.478 1.367 1.181 1.236 1.451 1.451 1.505 1.690 1.689 1.557 1.345 1.243 1.246 1.253 1.200 United Kingdom.......... .5662 .6660 .6528 .6335 .6407 .6106 .6034 .6184 .6598 .6946 .6660 .6117 .5456 .5490 .5420 .4995 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .. Data not available. See notes on the following page Exchange Rate Notes PAGE 8 Hourly compensation costs are converted to U.S. dollars using the average daily exchange rate for the reference period. The exchange rates used are prevailing commercial market exchange rates as published by either the U.S. Federal Reserve Board or the International Monetary Fund. On January 1, 1999, several European countries joined the European Monetary Union (EMU): Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Greece joined on January 1, 2001. There are currently other member countries of the EMU that are not covered in this report. Currencies of EMU members were established at fixed conversion rates to the euro, the official currency of the EMU. For the EMU countries, with the exception of Greece, data on hourly compensation costs are published in the old national currencies used in each country before the adoption of the euro from 1992-1998 and in euros from 1999-2007. Data for Greece are reported in drachmas from 1992-2000 and in euros from 2001-2007. National currency units are United States, dollar; Brazil, real; Canada, dollar; Mexico, peso; Australia, dollar; Hong Kong, dollar; Israel, new shekel; Japan, yen; Republic of Korea, won; New Zealand, dollar; Philippines, peso; Singapore, dollar; Sri Lanka, rupee; Taiwan, dollar; Austria, schilling (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Belgium, franc (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Czech Republic, koruna; Denmark, krone; Finland, markkaa (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); France, franc (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Germany, mark (1993-1998), euro (1999-2006); Greece, drachma (1992-2000), euro (2001-2006); Hungary, forint; Ireland, pound (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Italy, lira (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Luxembourg, franc (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); the Netherlands, guilder (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Norway, kroner; Poland, zloty; Portugal, escudo (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Spain, peseta (1992-1998), euro (1999-2006); Sweden, krona; Switzerland, franc; United Kingdom, pound.