Table 2.3 Production Workers: Total hourly direct pay in manufacturing, national currency, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 5.18 5.60 6.12 6.67 7.24 7.87 8.64 9.22 9.54 9.91 10.28 10.54 10.76 10.99 11.31 11.85 12.29 12.54 12.84 13.21 13.61 14.11 14.48 14.79 15.18 15.75 16.31 16.92 17.44 17.87 18.39 18.62 19.17 19.70 20.15 Australia 3.90 4.62 5.13 5.53 6.04 6.71 7.65 8.81 9.26 10.03 10.44 11.29 12.00 12.90 14.00 14.87 15.47 15.80 16.26 16.53 17.21 17.75 18.24 19.38 19.84 19.96 20.63 22.74 24.29 25.12 26.17 27.44 28.45 30.24 30.55 Austria 62.61 68.27 74.46 79.06 83.54 89.61 95.87 102.16 107.28 111.39 117.89 123.21 129.61 134.27 140.59 150.90 158.44 166.41 173.91 178.94 187.43 197.66 201.13 206.37 #15.44 15.82 16.45 16.92 17.27 17.44 18.02 18.50 19.19 20.01 20.98 Belgium 179.27 205.07 230.31 249.31 267.62 295.54 328.16 350.85 371.95 391.52 407.45 414.27 424.16 434.03 452.50 474.80 499.21 520.96 545.33 570.26 586.61 605.00 618.52 635.52 #16.11 16.57 17.20 17.67 18.56 19.17 19.22 19.65 20.13 20.98 21.56 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.86 4.18 4.26 4.20 4.39 4.76 5.11 5.71 6.30 6.86 7.40 7.92 8.60 9.20 Canada 5.79 6.60 7.31 7.83 8.53 9.42 10.57 11.83 12.54 13.17 13.62 14.01 14.49 15.05 15.85 16.67 17.47 18.08 18.50 18.81 19.07 19.66 19.78 20.18 20.46 20.98 21.10 21.36 22.26 22.98 23.60 23.53 24.79 25.22 23.93 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 35.91 42.15 49.65 59.29 65.50 71.39 74.91 80.16 87.27 91.57 97.26 102.04 106.76 113.05 123.42 129.60 133.85 Denmark 34.41 38.21 41.44 47.02 53.11 58.37 63.60 70.24 74.28 77.75 80.95 85.17 93.68 99.76 103.52 110.16 115.12 118.89 121.81 126.46 132.26 136.68 142.70 148.26 155.72 161.16 168.17 174.48 180.31 180.50 185.88 192.20 201.30 207.30 216.55 Finland 14.83 17.12 18.64 20.03 22.33 25.28 28.47 31.46 34.44 37.98 41.00 43.39 46.58 50.77 55.57 60.94 64.81 66.92 67.97 71.06 76.06 79.48 81.12 83.42 #14.42 15.10 15.81 16.37 16.95 17.67 18.02 18.67 19.16 20.02 20.72 France 14.99 17.23 19.62 22.05 24.84 28.64 32.86 38.36 43.28 46.90 49.97 52.76 54.78 56.85 59.14 61.86 64.39 66.78 67.50 68.28 69.43 70.80 72.50 73.75 #11.48 11.97 12.39 12.72 12.95 13.18 13.49 13.85 14.24 14.70 15.02 Germany 10.21 10.94 11.83 12.50 13.33 14.41 15.27 16.12 16.72 17.06 17.93 18.48 19.38 20.29 21.12 22.38 23.74 24.91 26.49 27.35 28.57 29.51 29.94 30.23 #15.47 16.39 16.79 17.12 17.54 17.56 17.84 18.14 18.71 19.14 19.40 Hong Kong SAR 3.69 4.25 4.77 5.48 6.50 7.41 8.54 9.93 10.83 12.20 13.28 14.46 16.10 18.49 21.48 24.55 27.36 29.77 32.43 34.38 35.94 38.56 40.32 40.15 39.54 40.66 41.47 40.49 39.01 39.56 39.79 40.57 41.05 42.14 41.29 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 179.62 212.71 257.37 309.45 363.31 404.67 463.18 538.62 607.84 648.94 699.10 745.52 809.63 898.45 945.09 964.82 Ireland 1.47 1.67 1.86 2.12 2.42 2.87 3.36 3.83 4.30 4.80 5.14 5.50 5.76 6.02 6.24 6.49 6.81 7.12 7.53 7.66 7.82 8.03 8.33 8.81 #11.91 12.72 13.94 14.84 15.43 16.02 16.60 17.23 17.80 18.14 18.90 Israel 1.08 1.42 2.10 3.36 6.29 14.53 35.69 80.42 204.81 1021.07 #3.59 5.79 7.56 9.16 11.01 12.92 15.00 16.60 18.52 20.53 23.57 26.86 30.91 34.19 36.71 38.97 42.34 43.15 44.03 44.92 46.16 47.21 49.22 51.60 52.93 Italy 2109.62 2471.11 3095.97 3507.76 4157.31 5068.35 6307.06 7329.52 8474.05 9412.01 10554 11217 12103 13003 13901 14991 16598 17656 18041 18291 18630 18919 19268 19841 #10.51 10.76 11.17 11.80 12.41 13.09 13.46 13.89 14.28 14.76 15.25 Japan 788.29 846.42 925.18 979.79 1021.36 1086.03 1162.22 1207.32 1236.77 1277.66 1300.80 1333.59 1336.52 1384.59 1475.16 1569.75 1680.58 1756.30 1793.97 1814.38 1870.07 1875.10 1920.36 1940.41 1932.38 1948.78 1941.06 1909.58 1919.27 1929.24 1928.16 1910.86 1912.93 1966.94 1951.98 Korea, Republic of 144.43 187.22 250.34 340.21 449.33 536.79 636.93 731.98 822.58 896.51 993.04 1065.47 1207.59 1494.98 1936.79 2359.43 2959.71 3484.24 3870.69 4396.76 4892.42 5641.16 5955.20 6034.27 6397.00 7037.66 7590.95 8583.18 9319.60 10235 11170 12025 12952 12831 12996 Luxembourg 196.70 221.48 237.05 254.14 266.46 287.06 298.60 321.07 341.23 368.45 378.07 393.06 404.60 422.15 443.99 453.93 476.83 501.63 534.32 567.30 596.22 597.18 603.13 609.11 #15.65 16.09 16.32 16.86 17.45 18.31 19.03 19.18 19.32 19.63 19.82 Mexico 16.61 21.35 27.28 33.22 39.15 45.08 60.50 96.09 142.35 225.40 354.70 575.35 1268.14 2475.79 2988.27 3784.27 4704.83 5617.69 #6.34 7.00 8.06 9.88 12.04 14.44 17.33 20.20 22.69 24.51 26.18 27.63 29.05 30.89 33.01 35.33 37.50 Netherlands 12.76 13.93 15.04 16.42 17.37 18.16 18.72 20.00 20.70 21.41 22.19 22.78 23.40 23.81 24.40 25.38 26.17 27.30 28.40 29.16 29.52 29.70 31.14 32.74 #15.42 15.94 17.13 17.84 18.63 19.08 19.47 19.85 20.17 20.93 21.52 New Zealand 2.61 2.98 3.43 3.94 4.54 5.40 6.46 7.38 7.65 7.93 8.85 10.32 11.25 12.30 12.96 13.76 14.19 14.42 14.50 14.74 15.11 15.64 16.18 16.64 17.07 17.61 18.24 18.98 19.45 19.86 20.56 21.60 22.76 23.82 24.37 Norway 30.09 35.08 38.88 41.99 42.87 47.21 52.00 57.45 62.39 67.60 72.83 80.20 92.96 98.40 103.54 109.65 115.37 118.81 121.91 125.69 130.03 135.54 140.95 151.51 158.64 164.45 172.84 179.58 184.00 191.89 195.60 206.10 219.67 229.51 233.58 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 15.96 17.28 17.17 19.93 20.69 22.48 24.03 25.00 26.18 27.56 30.35 32.39 34.37 38.20 41.56 44.25 45.87 48.99 51.09 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.00 6.86 9.22 9.86 10.51 10.79 11.04 11.34 11.77 12.55 13.95 15.60 16.15 Portugal 37.67 46.94 55.41 65.74 75.18 93.64 113.60 135.13 160.61 188.13 230.27 272.17 312.23 350.56 410.85 472.87 540.12 615.17 640.53 674.40 692.41 731.03 758.11 808.76 #4.19 4.36 4.49 4.64 4.66 4.77 4.79 4.97 5.11 5.33 5.50 Singapore 1.72 1.83 1.86 1.98 2.20 2.47 2.95 3.24 3.57 3.96 4.13 3.98 4.12 4.67 5.11 5.59 6.02 6.43 6.75 7.58 8.60 9.25 9.61 10.04 10.34 10.88 10.68 10.37 10.74 10.90 10.61 11.91 11.01 12.00 11.54 Spain 99.45 130.96 170.35 214.66 260.94 308.20 372.21 425.38 480.52 530.74 587.85 648.90 699.12 739.49 785.77 857.65 941.35 1016.18 1076.25 1122.53 1172.75 1251.52 1313.55 1329.31 #8.33 8.61 8.93 9.37 9.81 10.13 10.58 11.00 11.41 11.97 12.54 Sri Lanka 1.79 1.85 2.61 3.74 3.21 3.25 3.40 4.27 4.98 5.55 6.49 6.96 7.56 8.41 9.52 12.03 14.20 15.00 17.31 19.12 20.95 22.70 23.01 25.79 27.93 31.52 34.36 40.49 42.11 44.98 46.75 50.53 57.52 63.25 -- Sweden 22.43 26.29 28.17 31.15 34.60 37.38 41.75 44.39 46.76 52.00 56.83 60.53 65.23 70.16 76.51 84.42 90.13 95.80 97.00 101.37 106.75 113.71 118.93 123.39 125.84 130.28 134.46 139.37 143.81 148.04 152.43 157.04 162.82 169.11 172.37 Switzerland 13.61 13.92 14.23 14.68 15.12 15.99 17.12 18.27 18.96 19.47 20.31 21.16 21.76 22.57 23.46 24.84 26.58 27.83 28.50 29.02 29.27 29.62 29.69 29.93 29.99 30.38 31.20 31.76 31.88 31.84 32.55 33.22 33.74 34.37 35.20 Taiwan 13.66 16.18 18.93 22.36 27.23 34.71 42.21 45.92 48.95 53.39 55.48 60.12 66.11 73.91 85.39 97.15 107.13 117.46 125.63 133.00 140.63 145.76 150.90 157.09 160.87 165.17 174.13 168.99 172.14 175.19 180.56 183.45 186.23 186.74 174.60 United Kingdom 1.30 1.50 1.63 1.88 2.15 2.57 2.86 3.16 3.44 3.67 3.96 4.25 4.54 4.90 5.28 5.76 6.16 6.66 6.90 7.10 7.34 7.73 8.09 8.49 8.75 9.03 9.39 9.69 10.16 10.34 10.66 10.97 11.45 11.85 11.78 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011