Technical information: (202) 691-6339 USDL 06-1276 http://www.bls.gov/tus/ For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, July 27, 2006 (NOTE: The column labeled "Activity" in table 8 of the original HTML and text versions of this news release was missing the words "Employed" and "Not employed," however, those words were included in table 8 of the PDF and print versions of the news release. On June 19, 2007, the missing words were added to the HTML and text versions of this release.) AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY--2005 RESULTS ANNOUNCED BY BLS The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today that in 2005: --Employed persons worked 7.5 hours on average on the days that they worked. They also worked longer hours on weekdays than on weekend days--7.9 versus 5.5 hours. --On weekend days that they worked, employed individuals (ages 25 and over) with a bachelor's degree or higher worked about half as many hours as those with less than a high school diploma--3.7 ver- sus 7.1 hours. --On the days they worked, employed men worked about an hour more than employed women--7.9 versus 7.1 hours. --Married persons spent more time doing household activities than unmarried persons--2.1 versus 1.4 hours per day--and women, regardless of marital status, spent more time doing these activities than men. --Watching TV was the leisure activity that occupied the most time (2.6 hours per day), accounting for about half of leisure time on average, for both men and women. By contrast, the next most common leisure activity, socializing--such as visiting with friends or attending or hosting social events--accounted for only about three- quarters of an hour per day for both men and women. BLS has long produced statistics about the labor market, such as employ- ment, hours of work, and earnings. To provide a more complete picture of the context of employment, BLS also conducts the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The ATUS collects data on what activities people do during the day and how much time they spend doing them. This third annual release of ATUS data focuses on the time Americans worked, did household activities, cared for household children, and participated in leisure and sports activities in 2005. ATUS data collection began in January 2003. The survey is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. ATUS estimates for 2005 are based on interviews of about 13,000 individuals. Re- spondents were interviewed only once and reported their activities for the 24- hour period from 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview--their "diary day." If respondents reported doing more than one activity at a time, they were asked to identify which activity was primary. Except for secondary childcare, activities done simultaneously with primary activities were not collected. Activities were then grouped into categories for analysis. For a further description of the survey, see the Technical Note. - 2 - "Average Day" Measures "Average day" measures for the entire population provide a mechanism for seeing the overall distribution of time allocation for society as a whole. The ATUS collects data about daily activities from all segments of the population age 15 and over, including persons who are employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force (such as students or retirees). Data also are collected for both weekdays and weekends. Thus, "average day" measures developed for the entire population reflect the average distribution of time across all persons and days. Activity profiles will differ based upon age, employment status, gender, and other characteristics. On an "average day" in 2005, persons in the U.S. age 15 and over slept about 8.6 hours, spent 5.1 hours doing leisure and sports activities, worked for 3.7 hours, and spent 1.8 hours doing household activities. The remaining 4.7 hours were spent in a variety of other activities, including eating and drinking, attending school, and shopping. (See table 1.) By comparison, persons employed full time who worked on an average weekday spent 9.1 hours work- ing, 7.6 hours sleeping, 3.0 hours doing leisure and sports activities, and 0.9 hours doing household activities. The remaining 3.4 hours were spent in other activities, such as those described above. Many activities typically are not done on a daily basis, and some activities only are done by a subset of the population. For example, only 46 percent of all persons age 15 and over reported working on an average day because some were not employed and others were employed but did not work on their diary day. For this reason, much of the analysis that follows uses time-use estimates that are restricted to specific population groups, such as employed persons or adults in households with children. Working (by Employed Persons) --Many more people worked on weekdays than on weekend days. About 83 percent of employed persons worked on an average weekday, compared with 32 percent on an average weekend day. (See table 4.) --Employed persons worked 7.5 hours, on average, on the days that they worked. They also worked more hours on weekdays than on weekend days--7.9 versus 5.5 hours. (See table 4.) --Multiple jobholders were about twice as likely to work on a weekend day or holiday as single jobholders. (See table 4.) --On the days they worked, employed men worked about three-quarters of an hour more than employed women. The difference partly reflects women's greater likelihood of working part time. However, even among full-time workers (those usually working 35 hours or more per week), men worked slightly longer than women--8.3 versus 7.7 hours. (See tables 4 and 6.) --About 74 percent of persons employed in management, business, and financial operations occupations reported working on a given day--a greater share than those employed in any other occupation. Ninety- one percent of people in these occupations worked on a given weekday, as compared to 83 percent of all workers. (See tables 4 and 5.) --Employed women living with a child under age 6 spent about an hour less per day working than employed women living in households with no children. On the other hand, employed men living with a child under age 6 worked about the same amount of time as those living in households with no children. (See table 8.) Household Activities --On an average day in 2005, 84 percent of women and 65 percent of men spent some time doing household activities, such as housework, cooking, lawn care, or financial and other household management. (See table 1.) --Women who reported doing household activities on the diary day spent 2.7 hours on such activities while men spent 2.1 hours. (See table 1.) --On an average day, 19 percent of men reported doing housework--such as cleaning or doing laundry--compared with 53 percent of women. Thirty- seven percent of men did food preparation or cleanup versus 66 percent of women. (See table 1.) - 3 - Care of Household Children (by Adults in Households with Children) --In households with the youngest child under age 6, time spent providing primary childcare averaged 2.5 hours for women and 1.3 hours for men. Physical care, playing with children, and travel related to childcare accounted for most of the time spent in primary childcare activities. (See table 9.) --For adults living with children under age 6, women provided an average of 1.1 hours of physical care--such as bathing, dressing, or feeding a child--per day to household children, while men provided about one-half of this amount--0.5 hour (about 30 minutes). (See table 9.) --Adults living in households where the youngest child was under the age of 6 spent 1.8 hours--nearly three times as much time--per day car- ing for and helping household children compared with adults living in households where the youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17. (See table 8.) --Among adults living with children under age 6, those who were not employed spent about 1 hour more per day than employed adults, 2.5 versus 1.5 hours, caring for and helping household children. (See table 8.) --Adults living in households where the youngest child was under age 6 spent 25 more minutes per day playing and doing hobbies with a house- hold child than adults living in households where the youngest child was between the ages of 6 and 17. (See table 9.) --Adults living in households with a child under age 6 spent 4.0 hours per day doing leisure and sports activities. A little more than half of this time also was spent providing childcare as a secondary activity. That is, they had at least one child under age 13 in their care while doing leisure and sports activities. (See tables 8 and 10.) Leisure Activities --On an average day in 2005, nearly everyone (96 percent) age 15 and over reported some sort of leisure or sports activity, such as watching TV, socializing, or exercising. Among this group of participants, men spent more time doing leisure activities (5.7 hours) than women (5.0 hours). (See table 1.) --Men were slightly more likely than women to participate in sports on any given day, 19 versus 16 percent. Men also spent more time in sports activities on the days they participated, 2.0 versus 1.3 hours. (See table 1.) --Among individuals age 25 and over, those with less than a high school diploma spent 1.9 more hours per day engaged in leisure and sports activities than those who had earned a bachelor's degree or higher. (See table 11.) --Married women spent 4.5 hours per day participating in leisure and sports activities. On average, this amounted to less leisure time than married men (0.6 hour less), unmarried women (0.7 hour less), and un- married men (1.7 hours less). (See table 11.) --Among full-time wage and salary workers, low earners (those earning $450 or less per week) spent 50 more minutes per weekday doing leisure and sports activities than the highest earners (those earning more than $1,076 per week). However, these groups spent about the same amount of time in leisure activities on weekend days. (See table 11.) --On average, individuals spent 33 percent more time (1.8 additional hours) in leisure and sports activities on weekend days than weekdays. The biggest proportional gain was in socializing time; individuals spent double the time socializing and communicating on weekend days than on weekdays. In absolute terms, individuals increased their TV watching and socializing times by about the same amount; they watched TV for 42 more minutes and socialized for 35 more minutes on weekend days than on weekdays. (See table 11.) --Employed adults living in households without children (under age 18) engaged in leisure and sports activities for 4.5 hours, about 50 more minutes per day than employed adults living with a child under age 6. Almost half of their additional leisure time was spent watching TV. (See table 8.) - 4 - Microdata Release Today, BLS also released six 2005 ATUS microdata files from the basic survey for users who wish to do their own tabulations and analyses: the Respondent file, the Roster file, the Activity file, the Who file, the ATUS- CPS file, and the Activity summary file. In addition to the 2005 basic survey files, four additional files were released: the Case history file, the Call history file, the Trips file, and the Replicate weights file. In accordance with BLS and Census Bureau policies that protect respondents' privacy, identifying fields were removed from the microdata files and some responses have been edited. Microdata files are available on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/tus/home.htm. A brief description of the files follows: --The Respondent file contains case-specific information, such as each respondent's labor force status, earnings, and total time spent providing secondary childcare. --The Roster file contains information about each member of the respondent's household, such as age, sex, and relationship to the respondent. --The Activity file contains detail about each respondent's diary day; it includes activity codes, start and stop times for each activity, and information about where activities took place. --The Who file includes codes that indicate who was present during each activity. --The ATUS-CPS file contains information for all households selected to participate in the ATUS and includes most of the variables from the Current Population Survey (CPS) Public Use file. --The Activity summary file contains the total amount of time respondents spent doing each activity (calculated from the Activity file), and selected variables from the Respondent file and the ATUS-CPS file. --The Case history file contains information about the interview process, such as interviewer identifiers and interview outcome codes. --The Call history file contains information about each call attempt, including the call date and outcome. --The Trips file contains information about times the respondent was away from home for 2 nights or more in a specific reference month. --The Replicate weights file contains ATUS replicate weights and replicate base weights. For More Information For additional information, please see the Technical Note or the ATUS Web site. Additional information about the ATUS also may be obtained by e-mailing ATUSinfo@bls.gov or by calling 202-691-6339. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. - 5 - Technical Note Survey methodology Data collection for the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) began in January 2003. Sample cases for the survey are selected monthly and interviews are conducted continuously throughout the year. In 2005, approximately 13,000 individuals were interviewed. Estimates are released annually. ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that completed their eighth (final) interview for the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation's monthly household labor force survey. ATUS sample households are selected to ensure that estimates will be nationally representative. One individual age 15 or older is randomly chosen from each sampled household. This "designated person" is interviewed by telephone once about his or her activities on the day before the interview--the "diary day." All ATUS interviews are conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. Procedures are in place to collect information from the small number of households that did not provide a telephone number during the CPS interview. ATUS designated persons are preassigned a day of the week about which to report. Preassignment is designed to reduce variability in response rates across the week and to allow oversampling of weekend days, so that accurate weekend day measures can be developed. Interviews occur on the day following the assigned day. For example, a person assigned to report about a Monday would be contacted on the following Tuesday. Ten percent of designated persons are assigned to report about each of the five weekdays. Twenty-five percent are assigned to report about each weekend day. Households are called for up to 8 consecutive weeks (for example, 8 Tuesdays) in order to secure an interview. About the questionnaire In the time diary portion of the ATUS interview, respondents se- quentially report activities they did between 4 a.m. on the day before the interview ("yesterday") until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview. For each activity, respondents are asked how long the activity lasted. For activities other than personal care activities (such as sleeping and grooming), interviewers also ask respondents where they were and who was in the room with them (if at home) or who accompanied them (if away from home). If respondents report doing more than one activity at a time, they are asked to identify which one was the "main" (primary) activity. If none can be identified, it is assumed to be the first one mentioned. After com- pleting the time diary, interviewers ask respondents additional questions to collect more information to assist coders in clearly identifying work, volunteering, and secondary childcare activities. Secondary childcare is defined as having a child under age 13 in one's care while doing other things. In addition, the ATUS includes an update of the household roster information from the last CPS interview (2-5 months prior to the ATUS interview) and the employment status information of the designated person and his or her spouse or unmarried partner. For designated persons who became employed or changed jobs between the last CPS interview and the ATUS interview, information also is collected on industry, occupation, class of worker, and earnings. For those who are unemployed or on layoff, CPS ques- tions on job search activities and layoff are asked. Finally, a question about current school enrollment status is asked of all respondents ages 15 to 49. - 6 - After completing the interview, primary activity descriptions are as- signed a single 6-digit code using the ATUS Coding Lexicon. The 3-tier coding system consists of 17 major activity categories, each with multiple second- and third-tier subcategories. These coding lexicon categories are then combined into composite categories for publication, such as in this news release. Descriptions of categories shown in this release can be found in the Major activity category definitions section of this Technical Note. The 2005 ATUS Coding Lexicon can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/tus/. Concepts and definitions Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity. --Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is computed using all responses from a given population, including respondents who did not do a particular activity on their diary day. These estimates reflect how many population members engaged in an activity and the amount of time they spent doing it. --Average hours per day, persons reporting the activity on the diary day. The average number of hours per day is computed using only re- sponses from those who engaged in a particular activity on their diary day. Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the designated person reports. For example, the diary day of a designated person interviewed on Tuesday is Monday. Earnings --Usual weekly earnings. Data represent the earnings of full-time wage and salary workers before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Respondents are asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term "usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. --Weekly earnings ranges. The ranges used represent approximately 25 per- cent of full-time wage and salary workers. For example, 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers had weekly earnings of $450 or less. These dollar values may vary from year to year. Employment status --Employed. All persons who, at any time during the 7 days prior to the interview: 1) Did any work at all as paid employees; worked in their own busi- ness, profession, or on their own farm; or usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and 2) All those who were not working but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor-management dispute, maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. --Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 hours or more per week at all jobs combined. --Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually worked fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined. --Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not meet the condi- tions for employment. The not employed include those classified as unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions). - 7 - The numbers of employed and not employed persons in this report do not correspond to published totals from the CPS for several reasons. First, the reference population for the ATUS is 15 years and older, whereas it is 16 years and older for the CPS. Second, ATUS data are collected continuously, the employment reference period being the 7 days prior to the interview. By contrast, CPS data are always collected during the week including the 19th of the month and refer to employment during the week containing the 12th of the month. Third, ATUS response rates in 2005 were slightly higher for employed than for non-employed designated persons, and this difference is not accounted for by weighting. Finally, the CPS accepts answers from household members about other household members, whereas such proxy responses are not allowed in the ATUS. One consequence of the difference in proxy reporting is that a significantly higher proportion of teenagers report employment in the ATUS than in the CPS. While the information on employment from the ATUS is useful for assessing work in the context of other daily activities, the employment data are not intended for analysis of current employment trends. Compared with the CPS and other estimates of employment, the ATUS estimates are based on a much smaller sample and are only available with a substantial lag. Moreover, because the ATUS has only been in operation since the beginning of 2003, there is insufficient data for time series analysis. Household children. Household children are children under age 18 residing in the household of the ATUS respondent. The children may be related to the respondent (such as their own children, grandchildren, nieces or nephews, or brothers or sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children of roommates). For secondary childcare calculations, respondents are asked about care for own and non-own household children under age 13. Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity a respondent was doing at a specified time. With the exception of secondary childcare in table 10, the estimates presented in this release reflect time spent in primary activities only. Secondary/simultaneous activities. A secondary activity is an activity done at the same time as a primary activity. With the exception of the care of children under age 13, information on secondary activities is not systematically collected in the ATUS. Secondary childcare. Secondary childcare is care for children under age 13 that is done while doing something else, such as cooking dinner. Second- ary childcare estimates are derived by summing the durations of activities during which respondents had a household child or their own non-household child under age 13 in their care while doing other things. It is restricted to times the respondent was awake. Secondary childcare time for household children is further restricted to the time between when the first household child under age 13 woke up and the last household child under age 13 went to bed. If respondents report providing both primary and secondary care at the same time, the time is attributed to primary care only. Weekday, weekend, and holiday estimates. Estimates for weekdays are an average of reports about Monday through Friday. Estimates for weekend days and holidays are an average of reports about Saturdays, Sundays, and the following holidays: New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2005, the telephone call center was closed the Friday after Thanks- giving, so data were not collected about Thanksgiving Day. - 8 - Major activity category definitions The following definitions describe the activity categories shown in this report. All major time-use categories in the tables include related travel time and waiting time. For example, time spent "driving to the stadium" and time spent "waiting to get into the stadium to play ball" are included in Participating in sports under Leisure and sports. Personal care activities. Personal care activities include sleeping, bathing, dressing, health-related self-care, and personal or private activities. Receiving unpaid personal care from others (for example, "my sister put polish on my nails") also is captured in this category. Respondents are not asked who they were with or where they were for personal care activities, as such information can be sensitive. Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except when identified by the respondent as part of a work or volunteer activity), whether alone, with others, at home, at a place of purchase, in transit, or somewhere else, is classified here. Time spent purchasing or talking related to purchasing meals, snacks, or beverages is not counted as part of this category; time spent doing these activities is counted in Purchas- ing goods and services. Household activities. Household activities are those done by re- spondents to maintain their households. These include housework; cooking; yard care; pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; and home maintenance, repair, decoration, and renovation. Food preparation, whether or not re- ported as done specifically for another household member, is always classi- fied as a household activity, unless the respondent identified it as a vol- unteer, work, or income-generating activity. For example, "making breakfast for my son" is coded as a household activity, not as childcare. Household management and organizational activities--such as filling out paperwork, bal- ancing a checkbook, or planning a party--also are included in this category. Purchasing goods and services. This category includes the purchase of consumer goods as well as the purchase or use of professional and personal care services, household services, and government services. Most purchases and rentals of consumer goods, regardless of the mode or place of purchase or rental (in person, via telephone, over the Internet, at home, or in a store) are classified in this category. Gasoline, grocery, other food pur- chases, and all other shopping are further broken out in subcategories. Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal care services provided by someone else also is classified in this category. Professional services include childcare, financial services and banking, legal services, medical and adult care services, real estate services, and veterinary services. Personal care services include day spas, hair salons and barbershops, nail salons, and tanning salons. Activities classified here include time respondents spent paying, meeting with, or talking to service providers, as well as time spent receiving the service or waiting to receive the service. Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services provided by someone else also is classified here. Household services include housecleaning; cooking; lawn care and landscaping; pet care; tailoring, laundering, and dry cleaning; vehicle maintenance and repairs; and home repairs, maintenance, and construction. This category also captures the time spent obtaining government services--such as applying for food stamps--and purchasing government- required licenses or paying fines or fees. - 9 - Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care for or help any child or adult in the respondent's household, regardless of relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, are classified here. Caring for and helping activities for household children and adults are coded separately in subcategories. Household members are considered children if they are under age 18. Primary childcare activities include physical care; playing with children; reading to children; assistance with homework; attending children's events; taking care of children's health care needs; and dropping off, picking up, and waiting for children. Passive childcare done as a primary activity (such as "keeping an eye on my son while he swam in the pool") also is included. A child's presence during the respondent's activity is not enough in itself to classify the activity as childcare. For example, "watching television with my child" is coded as a leisure activity, not as childcare. Secondary childcare is care for children that is done while doing something else. For a complete definition, see the Concepts and definitions section of this Technical Note. Caring for and helping household members also includes a range of activities done to benefit adult members of households, such as providing physical and medical care or obtaining medical services. Doing something as a favor for or helping another household adult does not automatically result in classification as a helping activity. For example, a report of "helping my wife cook dinner" is considered a household activity (food preparation), not a helping activity, because cooking dinner benefits the household as a whole. By contrast, doing paperwork for another person usually benefits the individual, so a report of "filling out an insurance application for my husband" is considered a helping activity. Caring for and helping non-household members. Activities done to care for and help any child or adult who is not part of the respondent's house- hold, regardless of the relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, are classified here. Caring for and helping activities for non-household children and adults are coded separately in subcategories. Non-household members are considered children if they are under age 18. When done for or through an organization, time spent helping non-household individuals is classified as volunteering, rather than as helping non-household members. Non-household childcare, even when done as a favor or helping activity for another adult, is always classi- fied as non-household childcare, not as helping another adult. Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working, doing activities as part of one's job, engaging in income-generating activities (not as part of one's job), and job search activities. "Working" includes hours spent doing the specific tasks required of one's main or other job, regardless of location or time of day. Activities done outside of regular work hours are classified as work if identified by respondents as part of their jobs. "Work-related activities" include activities that are not obviously work but are identified by the respondent as being done as part of one's job, such as having a business lunch or playing golf with clients. "Other income-gener- ating activities" are those done "on the side" or under informal arrangement and are not part of the respondent's regular job. Such activities might in- clude selling homemade crafts, babysitting, maintaining a rental property, or having a yard sale. Respondents identify these activities as ones they "are paid for or will be paid for." Travel time related to working and work-related activities includes time spent commuting to and from one's job, as well as time spent traveling for work-related, income-generating, and job search activities. - 10 - Educational activities. Educational activities include taking classes (including Internet and other distance-learning courses); doing research and homework; and taking care of administrative tasks, such as registering for classes or obtaining a school ID. For high school students, before- and after-school extracurricular activities (except sports) also are class- ified as educational activities. Activities are classified separately by whether the educational activity was for a degree or for personal in- terest. Educational activities do not include time spent for classes or training that respondents identified as part of their jobs. Time spent helping others with their education-related activities is classified in the Caring for and helping categories. Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time spent volunteering for or through an organization, performing civic obligations, and participating in religious and spiritual activities. Civic obligations include government-required duties, such as serving jury duty or appearing in court, and activities that assist or influence government pro- cesses, such as voting or attending town hall meetings. Religious activities include those normally associated with membership in or identification with specific religions or denominations, such as attending religious services; participating in choirs, youth groups, orchestras, or unpaid teaching (unless identified as volunteer activities); and engaging in personal religious prac- tices, such as praying. Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes sports, exercise, and recreation; socializing and communicating; and other leisure activities. Socializing and communicating includes face-to-face social communication and hosting or attending social functions. Leisure activities include watching television; reading; relaxing or thinking; playing computer, board, or card games; using a computer or the Internet for personal interest; playing or listening to music; and other activities, such as attending arts, cultural, and entertainment events. Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail. This category captures telephone communication and handling household or personal mail or e-mail. Telephone and Internet purchases are classified in Purchasing goods and services. Telephone calls, mail, or e-mail identified as related to work or volunteer- ing are classified as work or volunteering. Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual category includes security procedures related to traveling, traveling not associated with a specific activity category, ambiguous activities that could not be coded, and missing activities. Missing activities result when respondents did not remember what they did for a period of time, or when they considered an activity too private or personal to report. Processing and estimation After ATUS data are collected, they go through an editing and imputation procedure. Responses to CPS questions that are reasked in the ATUS go through the regular CPS edit and imputation procedures. Some item nonresponses for questions unique to the ATUS (such as where an activity took place or how much time was spent doing secondary childcare) also are imputed. Missing activ- ities and missing values for who was present during an activity are never imputed. ATUS records are weighted to reduce bias in estimates due to differences in sampling and response rates across subpopulations and days of the week. Speci- fically, the data are weighted to ensure the following: --Weekdays represent about 5/7 of the weighted data, and weekend days each represent about 1/7 for the population as a whole. The actual proportions depend on the number of weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays in a given month (in 2003 and 2004) and the number of weekdays and weekend days in a given quarter (in 2005). --The sum of the weights is equal to the number of person-days in the month (in 2003 and 2004) or the quarter (in 2005), for the population as a whole and, in 2004 and 2005, for selected subpopulations, too. Different methods were used to produce weights for the 2003, 2004, and 2005 data. In 2003, the ATUS weights add up to the number of person-days in the month (or the number of days in the month times the total population) only for the population as a whole. In 2004 and 2005, the ATUS weights add up to the number of person-days for selected subpopulations as well as for the general population. The 2004 and 2005 weighting methods differ slightly from one another. In 2004, ATUS weights add up to the number of person-days in the month for the selected subpopulations and for the population as a whole. Weighted totals also correspond to the number of weekdays, Saturdays, and Sundays in each month. In 2005, ATUS weights add up to the number of per- son-days in the quarter rather than the month for these groups, and weighted totals for the quarter correspond to the number of weekdays and weekend days rather than Saturdays and Sundays separately. Although there are differences in the 2004 and 2005 weighting methods, the 2004 and 2005 weights are comparable and do not result in substantially different estimates. The 2004 weighting methodology, when applied to the 2003 data, had little or no effect on the estimates presented in table 12. - 11 - Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the ATUS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de- pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The ATUS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct infor- mation, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Errors also could occur if nonresponse is correlated with time use. Table 1. Average hours per day spent in primary activities (1) for the total population and for persons reporting the activity on the diary day by activity category and sex, 2005 annual averages Hours per day, total Percent of population Hours per day, persons population reporting the activity reporting the activity Activity on the diary day on the diary day Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total, all activities (2)............... 24.00 24.00 24.00 - - - - - - Personal care activities.............. 9.43 9.22 9.62 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.43 9.22 9.62 Sleeping........................... 8.63 8.54 8.70 99.9 99.9 100.0 8.63 8.55 8.71 Eating and drinking................... 1.24 1.30 1.19 97.1 97.4 96.8 1.28 1.33 1.23 Household activities.................. 1.82 1.35 2.27 74.6 64.5 84.0 2.45 2.09 2.70 Housework.......................... .61 .24 .96 36.9 19.4 53.3 1.66 1.22 1.81 Food preparation and cleanup....... .51 .26 .75 52.0 37.1 66.0 .98 .70 1.13 Lawn and garden care............... .20 .27 .14 10.4 11.8 9.0 1.95 2.28 1.56 Household management............... .15 .12 .17 18.0 15.1 20.7 .81 .83 .80 Purchasing goods and services......... .80 .63 .96 45.8 40.0 51.2 1.74 1.57 1.87 Consumer goods purchases........... .41 .31 .50 41.4 36.0 46.5 .98 .85 1.07 Professional and personal care services.......................... .08 .06 .11 8.9 6.7 10.9 .93 .83 .99 Caring for and helping household members.............................. .54 .34 .72 26.2 20.5 31.5 2.04 1.63 2.29 Caring for and helping household children.......................... .42 .25 .57 22.2 16.4 27.7 1.88 1.51 2.08 Caring for and helping non-household members.............................. .23 .21 .25 13.7 12.1 15.2 1.70 1.78 1.65 Caring for and helping non-household adults.............. .08 .08 .08 9.0 8.6 9.4 .87 .92 .83 Working and work-related activities... 3.69 4.44 3.00 46.1 52.6 40.1 8.01 8.45 7.47 Working............................ 3.35 4.02 2.73 44.5 50.9 38.6 7.52 7.89 7.07 Educational activities................ .45 .47 .43 8.6 8.3 8.9 5.22 5.62 4.87 Attending class.................... .27 .28 .25 6.0 6.1 5.9 4.45 4.61 4.29 Homework and research.............. .14 .15 .14 5.3 5.1 5.5 2.70 2.86 2.56 Organizational, civic, and religious activities........................... .31 .27 .35 13.3 11.7 14.9 2.31 2.30 2.33 Religious and spiritual activities........................ .12 .10 .15 7.4 5.6 9.1 1.67 1.71 1.65 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities).................... .14 .14 .15 7.3 7.0 7.7 1.97 1.98 1.96 Leisure and sports.................... 5.14 5.50 4.80 96.4 96.7 96.1 5.33 5.69 5.00 Socializing and communicating...... .75 .71 .78 40.4 37.6 43.0 1.86 1.89 1.82 Watching television................ 2.58 2.80 2.37 79.8 80.7 78.9 3.23 3.47 3.00 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.................... .29 .39 .20 17.5 19.4 15.7 1.67 1.98 1.30 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail..... .18 .12 .23 24.3 18.0 30.2 .73 .69 .76 Other activities, not elsewhere classified........................... .17 .16 .18 12.3 11.4 13.3 1.37 1.39 1.35 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. NOTE: Data refer to respondents 15 years and over. Table 2. Average hours per day spent in primary activities (1) for the total population and for persons reporting the activity on the diary day by activity category and weekdays and weekends, 2005 annual averages Percent of Hours per day, Hours per day, population persons reporting total population reporting the the activity on the activity on diary diary day day Activity Weekends Weekends Weekends Weekdays and Weekdays and Weekdays and holidays holidays holidays (2) (2) (2) Total, all activities (3).................... 24.00 24.00 - - - - Personal care activities................... 9.16 10.06 100.0 100.0 9.16 10.06 Sleeping................................ 8.34 9.30 100.0 99.9 8.34 9.32 Eating and drinking........................ 1.20 1.35 97.3 96.8 1.23 1.39 Household activities....................... 1.67 2.18 74.4 75.0 2.25 2.91 Housework............................... .56 .73 35.4 40.4 1.59 1.80 Food preparation and cleanup............ .49 .56 52.9 49.8 .92 1.13 Lawn and garden care.................... .16 .29 9.6 12.1 1.70 2.44 Household management.................... .14 .17 18.1 17.6 .76 .94 Purchasing goods and services.............. .74 .93 45.3 47.0 1.64 1.97 Consumer goods purchases................ .34 .55 39.8 45.2 .86 1.22 Professional and personal care services............................... .10 .04 10.9 4.1 .93 .89 Caring for and helping household members... .58 .43 27.9 22.3 2.08 1.95 Caring for and helping household children............................... .44 .36 23.8 18.6 1.86 1.93 Caring for and helping non-household members................................... .21 .28 13.1 15.0 1.63 1.85 Caring for and helping non-household adults................................. .07 .11 8.6 10.0 .78 1.06 Working and work-related activities........ 4.71 1.28 56.3 21.9 8.36 5.85 Working................................. 4.28 1.13 54.6 20.6 7.85 5.47 Educational activities..................... .56 .19 9.8 5.7 5.68 3.34 Attending class......................... .36 .04 7.7 2.2 4.76 1.79 Homework and research................... .15 .14 6.0 3.7 2.45 3.69 Organizational, civic, and religious activities................................ .21 .53 10.7 19.8 2.01 2.70 Religious and spiritual activities...... .05 .30 4.1 15.2 1.21 1.97 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)............................ .14 .16 7.3 7.4 1.86 2.22 Leisure and sports......................... 4.60 6.43 96.0 97.4 4.79 6.60 Socializing and communicating........... .58 1.16 37.8 46.6 1.53 2.49 Watching television..................... 2.37 3.07 79.2 81.2 3.00 3.78 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation............................. .27 .33 18.0 16.3 1.53 2.04 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.......... .18 .16 25.9 20.6 .71 .80 Other activities, not elsewhere classified................................ 0.17 0.17 12.46 12.04 1.34 1.44 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 Holidays are New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2005, data were not collected about Thanksgiving Day. 3 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. NOTE: Data refer to respondents 15 years and over. Table 3. Average hours per day spent in primary activities (1) for the total population, by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, marital status, and educational attainment, 2005 annual averages Hours per day spent in primary activities (2) Orga- Other Pur- Caring Caring Working niza- Tele- activ- Characteristic Person- Eating House- chas- for and for and and Educa- tional, phone ities, al care and hold ing helping helping work- tional civic, Leisure calls, not activi- drink- activi- goods house- non- related activ- and and mail, else- ities ing ities and hold house- activ- ities reli- sports and where serv- members hold ities gious e-mail class- ices members activ- ified ities Total, 15 years and over..... 9.43 1.24 1.82 0.80 0.54 0.23 3.69 0.45 0.31 5.14 0.18 0.17 15 to 24 years............. 10.08 1.04 .91 .64 .35 .22 2.59 1.92 .30 5.55 .23 .17 25 to 34 years............. 9.34 1.20 1.54 .83 1.08 .20 4.71 .34 .21 4.29 .12 .13 35 to 44 years............. 9.16 1.19 1.90 .83 1.01 .17 4.88 .11 .28 4.19 .13 .16 45 to 54 years............. 9.02 1.24 2.12 .76 .38 .23 5.09 .08 .29 4.50 .15 .13 55 to 64 years............. 9.13 1.40 2.24 .84 .15 .36 3.72 (5) .32 5.40 .19 .18 65 years and over.......... 9.83 1.47 2.40 .91 .09 .26 .69 .04 .47 7.31 .26 .27 Men, 15 years and over...... 9.22 1.30 1.35 .63 .34 .21 4.44 .47 .27 5.50 .12 .16 15 to 24 years............. 9.92 1.00 .75 .48 .14 .22 2.60 1.96 .34 6.23 .21 .15 25 to 34 years............. 9.07 1.28 1.07 .61 .60 .23 5.69 (5) .20 4.66 .07 .10 35 to 44 years............. 9.06 1.26 1.34 .66 .64 .16 5.90 (5) .22 4.47 .09 .14 45 to 54 years............. 8.71 1.32 1.57 .57 .30 .18 6.19 (5) .22 4.64 .12 .13 55 to 64 years............. 8.95 1.55 1.80 .70 .12 .28 4.43 (5) .25 5.60 .12 .18 65 years and over.......... 9.63 1.53 1.80 .83 .09 .25 .88 (5) .41 8.15 .13 .29 Women, 15 years and over.... 9.62 1.19 2.27 .96 .72 .25 3.00 .43 .35 4.80 .23 .18 15 to 24 years............. 10.24 1.07 1.08 .81 .56 .22 2.58 1.88 .27 4.85 .25 .19 25 to 34 years............. 9.62 1.12 2.01 1.05 1.57 .17 3.74 .27 .22 3.92 .17 .15 35 to 44 years............. 9.26 1.11 2.44 1.00 1.36 .18 3.88 .16 .34 3.92 .17 .18 45 to 54 years............. 9.32 1.17 2.64 .95 .46 .27 4.04 .11 .37 4.36 .18 .14 55 to 64 years............. 9.31 1.27 2.65 .97 .18 .43 3.07 (5) .40 5.21 .27 .18 65 years and over.......... 9.97 1.43 2.84 .97 .09 .27 .55 (5) .51 6.70 .36 .25 White, 15 years and over.... 9.32 1.29 1.91 .81 .54 .24 3.74 .43 .29 5.08 .17 .17 Men........................ 9.11 1.34 1.42 .64 .34 .22 4.54 .46 .25 5.39 .11 .16 Women...................... 9.52 1.23 2.37 .97 .72 .26 2.99 .40 .33 4.79 .23 .18 Black or African American, 15 years and over......... 10.09 .88 1.29 .73 .45 .23 3.30 .50 .47 5.69 .21 .15 Men........................ 9.87 .93 .92 .56 .24 .24 3.57 (5) .43 6.46 .20 .15 Women...................... 10.27 .84 1.60 .87 .63 .22 3.09 .55 .50 5.06 .22 .15 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 15 years and over.................... 9.78 1.18 1.75 .79 .65 .17 3.89 .44 .28 4.80 .10 .18 Men........................ 9.59 1.18 .97 .69 .35 .16 5.04 (5) .25 5.12 .07 .17 Women...................... 9.99 1.18 2.57 0.90 0.95 0.18 2.67 0.47 0.31 4.46 0.13 0.19 Married, spouse present..... 9.14 1.34 2.14 0.88 0.75 0.22 4.01 0.12 0.33 4.75 0.14 0.17 Men........................ 8.93 1.40 1.54 .70 .51 .19 5.06 .10 .29 5.04 .08 .16 Women...................... 9.36 1.28 2.73 1.06 .98 .26 2.97 .15 .37 4.46 .20 .18 Other marital statuses...... 9.77 1.13 1.44 .70 .28 .24 3.30 .85 .28 5.61 .23 .17 Men........................ 9.60 1.16 1.09 .53 .10 .25 3.62 .96 .24 6.11 .18 .16 Women...................... 9.92 1.09 1.74 .84 .42 .24 3.03 .75 .32 5.19 .27 .18 Educational attainment, 25 years and over: Less than a high school diploma..................... 9.91 1.17 2.12 .75 .44 .17 2.62 (5) .31 6.16 .11 .17 High school graduates, no college (3).............. 9.48 1.23 2.11 .81 .44 .27 3.55 .06 .25 5.50 .15 .17 Some college or associate degree................... 9.05 1.26 2.03 .88 .63 .29 4.12 .21 .32 4.87 .17 .17 Bachelor's degree and higher (4)...................... 9.00 1.43 1.87 .85 .74 .18 4.78 .18 .37 4.22 .21 .16 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. 3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 4 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. 5 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000. NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race, and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Table 4. Average hours worked per day at all jobs by employed persons on weekdays and weekend days by selected characteristics, 2005 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Employed persons Worked on an average Worked on an average Worked on an average day weekday Saturday, Sunday, and Characteristic Total holiday 1 employ- ed Hours Number Hours Number Hours Number Percent per day (3) Percent per day (4) Percent per day (2) (2) (2) Full- and part-time status and sex Total, 15 years and over (5)............ 150,748 102,146 67.8 7.53 124,653 82.7 7.86 47,788 31.7 5.48 Full-time workers.................... 117,521 84,285 71.7 8.04 103,716 88.3 8.39 37,291 31.7 5.67 Part-time workers.................... 33,227 17,861 53.8 5.13 20,926 63.0 5.20 10,497 31.6 4.81 Men (5)................................ 79,988 56,302 70.4 7.90 68,486 85.6 8.26 27,144 33.9 5.74 Full-time workers.................... 68,598 50,167 73.1 8.27 61,384 89.5 8.65 23,283 33.9 5.89 Part-time workers.................... 11,390 6,135 53.9 4.85 7,093 62.3 4.85 3,861 33.9 4.86 Women (5).............................. 70,760 45,844 64.8 7.08 56,181 79.4 7.37 20,620 29.1 5.13 Full-time workers.................... 48,923 34,117 69.7 7.69 42,337 86.5 8.02 13,985 28.6 5.29 Part-time workers.................... 21,837 11,727 53.7 5.28 13,832 63.3 5.38 6,633 30.4 4.78 Multiple jobholding status Single jobholders....................... 135,474 90,399 66.7 7.53 111,479 82.3 7.83 38,647 28.5 5.40 Multiple jobholders..................... 15,274 11,746 76.9 7.57 13,201 86.4 8.13 8,696 56.9 5.78 Educational attainment, 25 years and over Less than a high school diploma......... 10,635 7,244 68.1 7.90 9,244 86.9 8.03 3,009 28.3 7.08 High school graduates, no college (6)... 38,739 25,726 66.4 7.84 32,291 83.4 8.01 9,584 24.7 6.46 Some college or associate degree........ 33,489 23,158 69.2 7.59 28,265 84.4 7.84 11,079 33.1 6.09 Bachelor's degree and higher (7)........ 44,026 32,495 73.8 7.37 39,121 88.9 7.97 16,014 36.4 3.74 1 Holidays are New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2005, data were not collected about Thanksgiving Day. 2 Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work. 3 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. 4 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. 5 Includes workers whose hours vary. 6 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 7 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Table 5. Average hours worked per day at main job only by employed persons on weekdays and weekend days by selected characteristics, 2005 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Employed persons Worked on an average Characteristic Worked on an average day Worked on an average weekday Saturday, Sunday, and holiday Total (1) employ- ed Number Percent Hours per Number Percent Hours per Number Percent Hours per day (2) (3) day (2) (4) day (2) Class of worker (main job only) Wage and salary workers................... 138,354 91,574 66.2 7.55 113,696 82.2 7.85 38,623 27.9 5.39 Self-employed workers..................... 12,154 8,640 71.1 6.74 9,950 81.9 7.10 5,176 42.6 4.89 Occupation (main job only) Management, business, and financial operations............................. 22,156 16,437 74.2 7.66 20,223 91.3 8.14 6,968 31.5 4.20 Professional and related.................. 31,532 21,365 67.8 7.23 26,375 83.6 7.78 9,801 31.1 3.79 Services.................................. 23,699 14,177 59.8 6.94 16,735 70.6 7.01 8,584 36.2 6.64 Sales and related......................... 17,502 12,117 69.2 7.40 13,935 79.6 7.70 6,919 39.5 5.72 Office and administrative support......... 20,721 12,977 62.6 7.20 17,032 82.2 7.37 3,321 16.0 5.16 Farming, fishing, and forestry............ 1,578 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) Construction and extraction............... 9,073 6,120 67.5 8.13 7,877 86.8 8.36 (6) (6) (6) Installation, maintenance, and repair..... 5,197 3,583 68.9 8.44 4,412 84.9 8.62 (6) (6) (6) Production................................ 10,878 7,208 66.3 7.89 9,324 85.7 7.97 2,265 20.8 7.17 Transportation and material moving........ 8,413 5,236 62.2 8.01 6,550 77.9 8.19 2,150 25.6 6.70 Earnings of full time wage and salary workers (main job only) (5) 0 - $450.................................. 27,781 18,149 65.3 7.81 22,860 82.3 7.99 7,598 27.3 6.57 $451 - $700............................... 27,279 19,173 70.3 7.93 24,617 90.2 8.07 5,903 21.6 6.53 $701 - $1,075............................. 23,863 16,201 67.9 7.99 20,366 85.3 8.35 5,863 24.6 4.91 $1,076 and higher......................... 26,594 19,563 73.6 7.99 24,039 90.4 8.59 8,927 33.6 4.10 1 Holidays are New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2005, data were not collected about Thanksgiving Day. 2 Includes work at main job only, and excludes travel related to work. 3 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. 4 Number was derived by multiplying the "Total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. 5 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 6 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000. NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. Table 6. Average hours worked per day at all jobs by employed persons at workplace or home by selected characteristics, 2005 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Employed persons who reported working on the diary day (1) Location of work (2) Total Persons who reported Persons who reported Characteristic employ- working at workplace on working at home on the ed Hours diary day diary day (3) Number Percent of work Hours of work at Hours Number Percnt work- Number Percent of work place at home Full- and part-time status and sex Total, 15 years and over (4)............ 150,748 102,146 67.8 7.53 89,154 87.3 7.81 20,048 19.6 2.58 Full-time workers.................... 117,521 84,285 71.7 8.04 74,904 88.9 8.23 16,142 19.2 2.70 Part-time workers.................... 33,227 17,861 53.8 5.13 14,251 79.8 5.61 3,906 21.9 2.10 Men (4)................................ 79,988 56,302 70.4 7.90 49,417 87.8 8.13 11,781 20.9 2.57 Full-time workers.................... 68,598 50,167 73.1 8.27 44,759 89.2 8.42 10,308 20.5 2.60 Part-time workers.................... 11,390 6,135 53.9 4.85 4,658 75.9 5.31 1,472 24.0 2.38 Women (4).............................. 70,760 45,844 64.8 7.08 39,737 86.7 7.41 8,267 18.0 2.59 Full-time workers.................... 48,923 34,117 69.7 7.69 30,145 88.4 7.93 5,834 17.1 2.86 Part-time workers.................... 21,837 11,727 53.7 5.28 9,593 81.8 5.76 2,434 20.8 1.94 Multiple jobholding status Single jobholders....................... 135,474 90,399 66.7 7.53 79,492 87.9 7.80 16,376 18.1 2.57 Multiple jobholders..................... 15,274 11,746 76.9 7.57 9,663 82.3 7.90 3,672 31.3 2.62 Educational attainment, 25 years and over Less than a high school diploma......... 10,635 7,244 68.1 7.90 6,798 93.9 7.95 (7) (7) (7) High school graduates, no college (5)... 38,739 25,726 66.4 7.84 23,694 92.1 7.95 2,907 11.3 2.71 Some college or associate degree........ 33,489 23,158 69.2 7.59 19,877 85.8 7.90 4,676 20.2 3.02 Bachelor's degree and higher (6)........ 44,026 32,495 73.8 7.37 26,196 80.6 7.88 11,120 34.2 2.31 1 Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. 2 Respondents can report working at more than one location during the diary day. 3 "Working at home" includes any time the respondent reported doing activities that were identified as "part of one's job," and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home. 4 Includes workers whose hours vary. 5 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 6 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. 7 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000. NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over. Table 7. Average hours worked per day at main job only by employed persons at workplace or home by selected characteristics, 2005 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Employed persons who reported working on the diary day (1) Location of work (2) Total Characteristic employed Persons who reported working Persons who reported working Number Percent Hours of at workplace on diary day at home on the diary day (3) work Hours of Hours of Number Percent work at Number Percent work at workplace home Class of worker (main job only) Wage and salary workers................... 138,354 91,574 66.2 7.55 82,519 90.1 7.81 14,118 15.4 2.19 Self-employed workers..................... 12,154 8,640 71.1 6.74 5,229 60.5 7.24 4,245 49.1 3.92 Occupation (main job only) Management, business, and financial operations............................. 22,156 16,437 74.2 7.66 12,968 78.9 8.20 5,031 30.6 3.02 Professional and related.................. 31,532 21,365 67.8 7.23 17,618 82.5 7.82 5,999 28.1 2.24 Services.................................. 23,699 14,177 59.8 6.94 12,628 89.1 7.14 1,634 11.5 3.16 Sales and related......................... 17,502 12,117 69.2 7.40 10,654 87.9 7.57 2,400 19.8 2.57 Office and administrative support......... 20,721 12,977 62.6 7.20 12,168 93.8 7.44 1,224 9.4 1.57 Farming, fishing, and forestry............ 1,578 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) Construction and extraction............... 9,073 6,120 67.5 8.13 5,743 93.8 8.09 (5) (5) (5) Installation, maintenance, and repair..... 5,197 3,583 68.9 8.44 3,411 95.2 8.49 (5) (5) (5) Production................................ 10,878 7,208 66.3 7.89 6,827 94.7 7.81 (5) (5) (5) Transportation and material moving........ 8,413 5,236 62.2 8.01 4,915 93.9 8.20 (5) (5) (5) Earnings of full time wage and salary workers (main job only) (4) 0 - $450.................................. 27,781 18,149 65.3 7.81 16,976 93.5 7.90 1,230 6.8 3.59 $451 - $700............................... 27,279 19,173 70.3 7.93 17,990 93.8 8.14 1,823 9.5 2.23 $701 - $1,075............................. 23,863 16,201 67.9 7.99 14,845 91.6 8.29 2,435 15.0 1.64 $1,076 and higher......................... 26,594 19,563 73.6 7.99 16,729 85.5 8.45 5,236 26.8 1.83 1 Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. 2 Respondents can report working at more than one location during the diary day. 3 "Working at home" includes any time the respondent reported doing activities that were identified as "part of one's job," and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is their home. 4 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 5 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000. NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over. Table 8. Average hours per day spent in primary activities (1) for the total population ages 18 years and older by activity category, employment status, presence and age of household children, and sex, 2005 annual averages Total Hours per day spent in primary activities Activity Household children Household children No household under 6 6-17 children under 18 Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total, all activities (2)............... 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 Personal care activities.............. 9.28 9.01 9.50 9.23 9.02 9.41 9.44 9.24 9.63 Sleeping........................... 8.59 8.41 8.73 8.47 8.38 8.56 8.59 8.54 8.65 Eating and drinking................... 1.17 1.26 1.10 1.19 1.28 1.11 1.31 1.35 1.27 Household activities.................. 1.89 1.17 2.46 1.92 1.32 2.45 1.90 1.49 2.30 Housework.......................... .76 .26 1.15 .70 .27 1.07 .58 .23 .93 Food preparation and cleanup....... .67 .28 .97 .57 .27 .84 .49 .27 .70 Lawn and garden care............... .12 .18 .08 .18 .26 .12 .25 .32 .18 Household management............... .11 .09 .12 .16 .13 .19 .16 .14 .18 Purchasing goods and services......... .85 .70 .96 .83 .62 1.03 .80 .64 .95 Consumer goods purchases........... .47 .38 .54 .42 .29 .55 .39 .31 .47 Professional and personal care services.......................... .07 .06 .09 .07 .06 .08 .09 .06 .13 Caring for and helping household members.............................. 1.98 1.31 2.50 .84 .52 1.13 .06 .05 .07 Caring for and helping household children.......................... 1.75 1.17 2.22 .62 .36 .85 - - - Caring for and helping non-household members.............................. .14 .13 .15 .19 .18 .19 .28 .26 .31 Caring for and helping non-household adults.............. .06 .06 .06 .07 .08 .06 .09 .09 .09 Working and work-related activities... 3.98 5.58 2.72 4.48 5.60 3.50 3.62 4.15 3.11 Working............................ 3.60 5.01 2.48 4.04 5.01 3.18 3.30 3.78 2.83 Educational activities................ .23 (3) .27 .33 .32 .33 .23 .26 .20 Attending class.................... .11 (3) .13 .19 (3) .18 .09 .10 .09 Homework and research.............. .10 (3) (3) .11 (3) .12 .12 .14 .10 Organizational, civic, and religious activities........................... .25 .24 .26 .33 .26 .39 .31 .26 .35 Religious and spiritual activities........................ .11 .07 .13 .12 .08 .15 .13 .10 .16 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)................. .11 .13 .09 .17 .15 .19 .13 .12 .15 Leisure and sports.................... 3.99 4.27 3.77 4.39 4.70 4.13 5.66 5.98 5.35 Socializing and communicating...... .83 .80 .86 .71 .73 .70 .73 .67 .78 Watching television................ 2.04 2.19 1.92 2.16 2.30 2.04 2.90 3.15 2.65 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.................... .20 .26 .16 .26 .33 .19 .29 .37 .20 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail..... .09 .03 .13 .13 .08 .17 .20 .14 .26 Other activities, not elsewhere classified........................... 0.15 0.13 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.19 Employed Total, all activities (2)............... 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 Personal care activities.............. 9.11 8.90 9.37 8.97 8.76 9.19 9.14 8.99 9.31 Sleeping........................... 8.40 8.29 8.53 8.24 8.16 8.33 8.32 8.28 8.35 Eating and drinking................... 1.19 1.28 1.09 1.20 1.32 1.07 1.29 1.35 1.22 Household activities.................. 1.52 1.11 2.01 1.70 1.29 2.13 1.52 1.27 1.80 Housework.......................... .54 .24 .89 .58 .25 .93 .44 .21 .70 Food preparation and cleanup....... .51 .27 .79 .48 .26 .72 .35 .23 .50 Lawn and garden care............... .14 .18 .09 .18 .26 .09 .20 .27 .13 Household management............... .10 .08 .12 .15 .12 .18 .12 .11 .13 Purchasing goods and services......... .80 .67 .95 .77 .58 .96 .72 .58 .88 Consumer goods purchases........... .44 .36 .53 .38 .27 .50 .35 .28 .43 Professional and personal care services.......................... .07 .06 .09 .07 .05 .08 .08 .05 .11 Caring for and helping household members.............................. 1.70 1.31 2.17 .74 .50 .99 .04 .05 .04 Caring for and helping household children.......................... 1.49 1.16 1.88 .54 .36 .74 - - - Caring for and helping non-household members.............................. .11 .11 .11 .18 .18 .19 .25 .22 .28 Caring for and helping non-household adults.............. .05 .06 .04 .07 .08 .07 .08 .08 .08 Working and work-related activities... 5.33 6.12 4.41 5.67 6.46 4.84 5.79 6.17 5.37 Working............................ 4.84 5.51 4.06 5.17 5.85 4.46 5.32 5.65 4.94 Educational activities................ .11 (3) (3) .27 (3) .26 .21 .20 .21 Attending class.................... (3) (3) (3) .15 (3) (3) .07 (3) .08 Homework and research.............. (3) (3) (3) .10 (3) (3) .12 (3) .11 Organizational, civic, and religious activities........................... .24 .24 .24 .33 .27 .39 .23 .21 .25 Religious and spiritual activities........................ .10 .08 .14 .11 .08 .14 .10 .08 .13 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)................. .10 .12 .07 .18 .16 .20 .09 .10 .09 Leisure and sports.................... 3.69 4.02 3.30 3.92 4.19 3.64 4.52 4.73 4.27 Socializing and communicating...... .73 .73 .72 .63 .64 .63 .66 .60 .73 Watching television................ 1.88 2.05 1.67 1.91 2.05 1.76 2.27 2.46 2.06 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.................... .21 .25 .16 .25 .32 .18 .27 .34 .19 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail..... .07 .04 .10 .12 .08 .17 .17 .13 .21 Other activities, not elsewhere classified........................... 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.17 0.14 0.12 0.16 Not employed Total, all activities (2)............... 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 Personal care activities.............. 9.76 10.05 9.71 10.12 10.47 9.96 9.93 9.75 10.06 Sleeping........................... 9.13 9.62 9.04 9.29 9.60 9.15 9.04 9.05 9.04 Eating and drinking................... 1.10 1.03 1.11 1.15 1.06 1.20 1.35 1.36 1.35 Household activities.................. 2.94 1.80 3.16 2.68 1.49 3.23 2.53 1.94 2.98 Housework.......................... 1.38 (3) 1.56 1.09 (3) 1.45 .82 .26 1.24 Food preparation and cleanup....... 1.13 (3) 1.26 .88 .29 1.15 .70 .36 .96 Lawn and garden care............... .08 (3) (3) .21 (3) .18 .32 .42 .25 Household management............... .13 (3) .12 .21 (3) .23 .23 .21 .24 Purchasing goods and services......... .98 (3) .98 1.07 .82 1.19 .93 .77 1.06 Consumer goods purchases........... .56 (3) .55 .58 .39 .67 .45 .35 .52 Professional and personal care services.......................... .08 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) .12 .08 .16 Caring for and helping household members.............................. 2.75 1.38 3.00 1.19 .61 1.46 .09 .06 .10 Caring for and helping household children.......................... 2.51 1.27 2.74 .90 .39 1.14 - - - Caring for and helping non-household members.............................. .22 (3) .20 .20 (3) .20 .34 .33 .35 Caring for and helping non-household adults.............. (3) (3) (3) .06 (3) (3) .11 .11 .11 Working and work-related activities... (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) .09 (3) (3) Working............................ (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Educational activities................ .56 (3) (3) .53 (3) (3) .26 (3) .17 Attending class.................... (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) .12 (3) .09 Homework and research.............. (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Organizational, civic, and religious activities........................... .29 (3) .29 .33 (3) .39 .43 .37 .48 Religious and spiritual activities........................ .12 (3) .13 .15 (3) .17 .17 .14 .20 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities).................... .14 (3) .13 .15 (3) .18 .20 .18 .22 Leisure and sports.................... 4.85 6.75 4.50 6.06 7.59 5.35 7.53 8.47 6.81 Socializing and communicating...... 1.12 (3) 1.07 1.00 1.24 .89 .84 .81 .85 Watching television................ 2.52 3.57 2.32 3.06 3.71 2.76 3.91 4.52 3.45 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.................... .18 (3) .14 .27 (3) .22 .30 .43 .21 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail..... .16 (3) .19 .16 (3) .19 .26 .17 .34 Other activities, not elsewhere classified........................... 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.26 0.31 0.23 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000. - Data not available. Table 9. Average hours per day spent by persons 18 years and over caring for household children under 18 years, by sex of respondent and age of youngest household child, 2005 annual averages Hours per day spent caring for household children Childcare activities Total Men Women Persons in households with children under 18, total: Caring for household children as a primary activity...... 1.32 0.82 1.73 Physical care........................................... .44 .23 .61 Education-related activities............................ .10 .06 .14 Reading to/with children................................ .04 .02 .06 Talking to/with children................................ .05 .03 .08 Playing/doing hobbies with children..................... .24 .21 .27 Looking after children.................................. .08 .07 .10 Attending children's events............................. .06 .06 .07 Travel related to care of household children............ .18 .10 .24 Other childcare activities.............................. .12 .05 .18 Persons in households with youngest child 6 to 17 years: Caring for household children as a primary activity.... .80 .46 1.09 Physical care......................................... .14 .06 .21 Education-related activities.......................... .13 .07 .17 Reading to/with children.............................. .02 (1) .03 Talking to/with children.............................. .07 .03 .10 Playing/doing hobbies with children................... .05 .05 .05 Looking after children................................ .04 (1) .05 Attending children's events........................... .08 .07 .09 Travel related to care of household children.......... .17 .10 .24 Other childcare activities............................ .09 .04 .15 Persons in households with youngest child under 6: Caring for household children as a primary activity.... 1.94 1.28 2.46 Physical care......................................... .79 .45 1.06 Education-related activities.......................... .07 (1) .10 Reading to/with children.............................. .06 .04 .09 Talking to/with children.............................. .03 (1) .05 Playing/doing hobbies with children................... .47 .41 .51 Looking after children................................ .14 .12 .15 Attending children's events........................... .04 (1) .04 Travel related to care of household children.......... .19 .11 .25 Other childcare activities............................ .15 .06 .21 1 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000. NOTE: Universe includes respondents 18 years and over living in households with children under 18 years, even if they did not report doing childcare on the diary day. Table 10. Average hours per day spent by persons 18 years and over caring for household children under 13 as a secondary activity, by sex of respondent and age of youngest child, 2005 annual averages Hours per day spent caring for household children (2) Childcare activities (1) Total Men Women Persons in households with children under 13, total.............. 5.42 4.19 6.38 Caring for household children as a secondary activity in conjunction with: Personal care activities...................................... .29 .20 .36 Household activities.......................................... 1.29 .69 1.76 Purchasing goods and services................................. .41 .26 .52 Working and work-related activities........................... .19 .18 .19 Eating and drinking........................................... .67 .59 .73 Leisure and sports............................................ 2.17 2.01 2.29 Other activities.............................................. .40 .25 .52 Persons in households with children 6 to 12, total............ 4.87 3.93 5.59 Caring for household children as a secondary activity in conjunction with: Personal care activities.................................... .26 .17 .33 Household activities........................................ 1.17 .75 1.49 Purchasing goods and services............................... .29 .19 .36 Working and work-related activities......................... .19 .19 .19 Eating and drinking......................................... .57 .51 .62 Leisure and sports.......................................... 2.02 1.87 2.13 Other activities............................................ .37 .25 .47 Persons in households with children under 6, total............ 5.80 4.36 6.94 Caring for household children as a secondary activity in conjunction with: Personal care activities.................................... .31 .21 .39 Household activities........................................ 1.38 .66 1.95 Purchasing goods and services............................... .49 .31 .64 Working and work-related activities......................... .18 .17 .19 Eating and drinking......................................... .74 .65 .80 Leisure and sports.......................................... 2.28 2.11 2.41 Other activities............................................ .43 .25 .56 1 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. 2 Secondary childcare time is defined as time one has a child under 13 "in his or her care" while doing something else as a main activity; information on secondary childcare is not collected for children over 12 years. Estimates include a small amount of care provided to own, non-household children. NOTE: Universe includes all respondents 18 years and over living in households with children under 13 years, even if they did not report doing any childcare on the diary day. Table 11. Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities for the total population by selected characteristics, 2005 annual averages Hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities Partici- Other pating in Playing leisure Total, all sports, Socializ- games and and leisure and exercise, ing and Watching Reading Relaxing/ computer sports sports and communi- TV thinking use for activi- activities recrea- cating leisure ties, tion including Characteristic travel (1) Week- Week- Week Week- Week- Week- Week- Week- To- Week-ends Week-ends Week-ends Week-ends Week-ends Week-ends Week ends Week-ends tal,days and days and days and days and days and days and days- and days and all holi- holi- holi- holi- holi- holi- holi- holi- days days days days days days days days days (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Sex Men..................................... 5.50 4.83 7.10 0.34 0.49 0.55 1.09 2.51 3.47 0.29 0.38 0.34 0.40 0.35 0.50 0.44 0.76 Women................................... 4.80 4.39 5.80 .21 .18 .60 1.22 2.24 2.68 .39 .52 .30 .29 .27 .28 .37 .62 Age Total, 15 years and over................ 5.14 4.60 6.43 .27 .33 .58 1.16 2.37 3.07 .34 .45 .32 .35 .31 .39 .41 .69 15 to 24 years....................... 5.55 5.03 6.82 .51 .57 .77 1.51 2.18 2.66 .14 .16 .19 .21 .57 .71 .68 1.00 25 to 34 years....................... 4.29 3.55 5.91 .24 .29 .53 1.21 1.94 2.89 .13 .20 .17 .25 .24 .41 .30 .65 35 to 44 years....................... 4.19 3.59 5.59 .22 .29 .50 1.15 1.91 2.72 .21 .30 .20 .21 .22 .29 .32 .63 45 to 54 years....................... 4.50 3.84 6.15 .20 .35 .47 1.03 2.12 3.17 .30 .37 .25 .31 .15 .29 .36 .63 55 to 64 years....................... 5.40 4.87 6.66 .22 .27 .56 1.09 2.59 3.27 .43 .68 .41 .39 .32 .31 .33 .64 65 years and over.................... 7.31 7.11 7.81 .25 .19 .65 .91 3.73 3.89 .92 1.18 .77 .80 .36 .31 .43 .53 Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity White................................... 5.08 4.53 6.42 .28 .35 .58 1.18 2.30 2.98 .36 .49 .28 .33 .31 .39 .42 .70 Black or African American............... 5.69 5.29 6.63 .21 .25 .67 1.04 2.92 3.82 .24 .15 .59 .52 .30 .29 .37 .56 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity............ 4.80 4.18 6.16 .20 .30 .58 1.53 2.50 2.96 .12 .20 .25 .29 .15 .22 .37 .64 Employment status Employed................................ 4.23 3.55 5.87 .23 .36 .47 1.15 1.84 2.72 .22 .34 .23 .27 .23 .36 .34 .67 Full-time workers.................... 4.06 3.31 5.86 .21 .38 .43 1.13 1.75 2.77 .21 .33 .22 .27 .20 .34 .29 .64 Part-time workers.................... 4.84 4.41 5.89 .31 .27 .62 1.23 2.14 2.56 .27 .38 .24 .25 .32 .43 .51 .78 Not employed............................ 6.86 6.60 7.47 .36 .28 .78 1.17 3.40 3.70 .57 .66 .50 .49 .46 .45 .54 .72 Earnings of full time wage and salary workers (3) 0 - $450................................ 4.34 3.68 5.82 .17 .30 .51 1.26 1.95 2.85 .18 .19 .30 .23 .28 .39 .28 .60 $451 - $700............................. 4.24 3.52 6.01 .23 .28 .41 1.15 1.90 3.02 .19 .27 .27 .37 .18 .31 .34 .60 $701 - $1,075........................... 4.10 3.38 5.88 .21 .43 .50 1.17 1.76 2.64 .20 .38 .16 .24 .24 .40 .32 .63 Earnings of full time wage and salary workers {3) $1,076 and higher....................... 3.72 2.85 5.79 0.25 0.54 0.30 0.90 1.51 2.63 0.25 0.46 0.15 0.23 0.14 0.34 0.26 0.69 Presence and age of children No household children under 18.......... 5.66 5.13 6.91 .29 .32 .57 1.12 2.68 3.34 .44 .59 .38 .43 .34 .41 .44 .70 Household children under 18............. 4.37 3.80 5.72 .26 .34 .59 1.22 1.92 2.66 .19 .25 .22 .22 .26 .36 .36 .66 Children 13 to 17 years, none younger.............................. 4.90 4.44 6.14 .35 .32 .60 1.19 2.13 2.95 .26 .30 .23 .21 .35 .39 .53 .78 Children 6 to 12 years, none younger.............................. 4.37 3.74 5.81 .27 .42 .53 1.10 1.83 2.64 .20 .29 .25 .26 .29 .40 .38 .70 Youngest child under 6 years......... 4.07 3.48 5.43 .19 .30 .64 1.33 1.87 2.53 .14 .18 .20 .20 .19 .32 .26 .57 Marital status and sex Married, spouse present................. 4.75 4.18 6.13 .23 .29 .54 1.17 2.20 2.91 .33 .52 .30 .35 .26 .31 .33 .60 Men.................................. 5.04 4.37 6.71 .25 .43 .48 1.07 2.36 3.34 .31 .47 .37 .43 .26 .34 .35 .63 Women................................ 4.46 3.99 5.57 .20 .16 .60 1.26 2.04 2.49 .35 .56 .23 .27 .26 .27 .31 .56 Other marital statuses.................. 5.61 5.11 6.79 .33 .38 .63 1.15 2.58 3.25 .35 .37 .34 .34 .37 .49 .50 .79 Men.................................. 6.11 5.45 7.57 .46 .56 .65 1.12 2.72 3.64 .25 .27 .31 .37 .48 .70 .57 .91 Women................................ 5.19 4.83 6.06 .22 .21 .61 1.18 2.47 2.90 .44 .47 .37 .32 .27 .30 .45 .69 Educational attainment, 25 years and over Less than a high school diploma......... 6.16 5.82 6.90 .21 .16 .56 1.17 3.36 3.92 .33 .23 .84 .68 .18 (6) .34 .60 High school graduates, no college (4)... 5.50 4.95 6.83 .17 .26 .58 1.09 2.79 3.67 .35 .43 .42 .48 .31 .28 .33 .61 Some college or associate degree........ 4.87 4.35 6.08 .23 .24 .57 1.12 2.32 2.96 .37 .49 .24 .26 .24 .43 .38 .57 Bachelor's degree and higher (5)........ 4.22 3.58 5.78 .29 .40 .45 1.00 1.68 2.36 .45 .76 .15 .21 .22 .37 .34 .69 1 Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities. 2 Holidays are New Year's Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2005, data were not collected about Thanksgiving Day. 3 These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 4 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 5 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. 6 Data not shown where base is less than 800,000. NOTE: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Table 12. Average hours per day spent in primary activities (1) for the total population by activity category, 2003, 2004, and 2005 averages (Not seasonally adjusted) Quarterly averages Activity I II III IV 2003 2004 2005 2003 2004 2005 2003 2004 2005 2003 2004 2005 Total, all activities (2).................... 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 Personal care activities................... 9.39 9.43 9.50 9.27 9.34 9.36 9.35 9.33 9.42 9.36 9.27 9.43 Sleeping................................ 8.65 8.64 8.67 8.49 8.59 8.53 8.53 8.54 8.64 8.60 8.47 8.66 Eating and drinking........................ 1.14 1.24 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.27 1.21 1.25 1.25 1.22 1.19 1.21 Household activities....................... 1.73 1.74 1.66 1.92 1.90 1.96 1.88 1.88 1.90 1.81 1.70 1.77 Housework............................... .63 .59 .60 .60 .61 .59 .60 .61 .63 .63 .56 .63 Food preparation and cleanup............ .56 .56 .52 .52 .49 .48 .52 .50 .50 .53 .50 .54 Lawn and garden care.................... .08 .08 .08 .34 .31 .36 .26 .26 .23 .12 .14 .14 Household management.................... .12 .13 .15 .13 .15 .14 .13 .13 .14 .15 .14 .15 Purchasing goods and services.............. .76 .78 .73 .82 .78 .81 .82 .81 .79 .84 .88 .86 Consumer purchases...................... .37 .38 .37 .39 .37 .40 .38 .40 .39 .46 .47 .45 Professional and personal care services............................... .10 .09 .08 .10 .09 .09 .10 .08 .07 .08 .09 .09 Caring for and helping household members... .56 .56 .56 .52 .54 .54 .52 .56 .50 .61 .58 .54 Caring for and helping household children............................... .44 .43 .44 .39 .41 .42 .37 .44 .39 .47 .42 .42 Caring for and helping non-household members................................... .24 .23 .22 .31 .31 .24 .31 .29 .21 .29 .26 .26 Caring for and helping non-household adults................................. .09 .08 .07 .12 .11 .09 .12 .14 .07 .10 .08 .09 Working and work-related activities........ 3.60 3.45 3.68 3.81 3.76 3.71 3.75 3.64 3.83 3.57 3.75 3.55 Working................................. 3.25 3.10 3.33 3.43 3.43 3.37 3.38 3.28 3.47 3.23 3.44 3.23 Educational activities..................... .56 .66 .55 .43 .45 .44 .33 .28 .27 .58 .60 .54 Attending class......................... .35 .42 .34 .26 .28 .27 .18 .16 .16 .36 .38 .31 Homework and research................... .15 .19 .17 .12 .13 .12 .10 .08 .08 .17 .17 .20 Organizational, civic, and religious activities................................ .30 .33 .33 .31 .33 .31 .33 .31 .28 .34 .30 .32 Religious and spiritual activities...... .14 .12 .13 .13 .13 .11 .16 .13 .12 .14 .11 .13 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)............................ .12 .16 .15 .14 .16 .16 .14 .14 .12 .16 .14 .14 Leisure and sports......................... 5.26 5.23 5.23 4.99 4.97 5.04 5.13 5.35 5.19 5.06 5.15 5.11 Socializing and communicating........... .71 .65 .73 .83 .76 .70 .85 .87 .81 .73 .72 .76 Watching television..................... 2.84 2.83 2.78 2.39 2.43 2.45 2.40 2.54 2.43 2.63 2.76 2.66 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation.............................. .26 .25 .22 .29 .32 .35 .38 .32 .32 .26 .29 .28 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.......... .20 .19 .18 .17 .19 .16 .19 .16 .18 .19 .19 .20 Other activities, not elsewhere classified................................ .26 .17 .13 .18 .14 .15 .19 .13 .18 .13 .12 .21 Annual averages Activity 2003 2004 2005 Total, all activities (2).................... 24.00 24.00 24.00 Personal care activities................... 9.34 9.34 9.43 Sleeping................................ 8.57 8.56 8.63 Eating and drinking........................ 1.21 1.24 1.24 Household activities....................... 1.83 1.80 1.82 Housework............................... .62 .59 .61 Food preparation and cleanup............ .53 .51 .51 Lawn and garden care.................... .20 .19 .20 Household management.................... .13 .14 .15 Purchasing goods and services.............. .81 .81 .80 Consumer purchases...................... .40 .41 .41 Professional and personal care services............................... .09 .09 .08 Caring for and helping household members... .55 .56 .54 Caring for and helping household children............................... .42 .43 .42 Caring for and helping non-household members................................... .29 .27 .23 Caring for and helping non-household adults................................. .11 .10 .08 Working and work-related activities........ 3.68 3.65 3.69 Working................................. 3.32 3.31 3.35 Educational activities..................... .48 .50 .45 Attending class......................... .29 .31 .27 Homework and research................... .13 .14 .14 Organizational, civic, and religious activities................................ .32 .32 .31 Religious and spiritual activities...... .14 .12 .12 Volunteering (organizational and civic activities)............................ .14 .15 .14 Leisure and sports......................... 5.11 5.18 5.14 Socializing and communicating........... .78 .75 .75 Watching television..................... 2.57 2.64 2.58 Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation............................. .30 .30 .29 Telephone calls, mail, and e-mail.......... .19 .18 .18 Other activities, not elsewhere classified................................ .19 .14 .17 1 Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included. 2 All major activity categories include related travel time. See Technical Note for activity category definitions. NOTE: Data refer to respondents 15 years and over.