Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 02-195 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, April 5, 2002. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 2002 Both payroll employment and the unemployment rate were little changed in March, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Manufacturing and construction each lost nearly 40,000 jobs, but services employment grew substantially. Both the manufacturing workweek and overtime hours rose over the month. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons (8.1 million) and the unemployment rate (5.7 percent) were little changed in March. The jobless rate has been within two-tenths of a percentage point of 5.6 percent since October 2001. The unemployment rate for blacks increased to 10.7 percent in March. Jobless rates for the other major worker groups--adult men (5.2 percent), adult women (5.0 percent), teenagers (16.4 percent), whites (5.0 percent), and Hispanics (7.3 percent)--showed little or no change. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment fell by 425,000 in March to 133.9 million, after seasonal adjustment. The employment-population ratio declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.8 percent. Total employment in March was 1.9 million lower than a year earlier, and the employment-population ratio was 1.5 percentage points lower. (See table A-1.) The civilian labor force (142.0 million) and the labor force participation rate (66.6 percent) were little changed from February to March. Over the last 12 months, there has been little net change in the labor force while the labor force participation rate has decreased by 0.6 percentage point. (See table A-1.) About 7.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in March. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of the total employed in March, about the same proportion as a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in March, up from 1.1 million a year earlier. These individuals reported that they wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 319,000 in March. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment, at 131.3 million, was little changed in March (+58,000); in February, employment was essentially unchanged (-2,000, as revised). From March 2001 through January 2002, payroll employment fell by an average of 144,000 a month. (See table B-1.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Feb.- Category | 2001 | 2002 | 2002 | Mar. |_________________|__________________________|change | IV | I | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 142,291| 141,868| 141,390| 142,211| 142,005| -206 Employment..........| 134,308| 133,894| 133,468| 134,319| 133,894| -425 Unemployment........| 7,983| 7,975| 7,922| 7,891| 8,111| 220 Not in labor force....| 70,467| 71,342| 71,699| 70,995| 71,329| 334 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6| 5.5| 5.7| 0.2 Adult men...........| 5.0| 5.1| 5.2| 5.0| 5.2| .2 Adult women.........| 5.0| 4.9| 4.8| 5.0| 5.0| .0 Teenagers...........| 15.8| 16.0| 16.1| 15.6| 16.4| .8 White...............| 4.9| 5.0| 5.0| 4.9| 5.0| .1 Black...............| 9.9| 10.1| 9.8| 9.6| 10.7| 1.1 Hispanic origin.....| 7.5| 7.5| 8.1| 7.1| 7.3| .2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 131,510|p131,230| 131,212|p131,210|p131,268| p58 Goods-producing 1/..| 24,592| p24,227| 24,273| p24,243| p24,166| p-77 Construction......| 6,851| p6,795| 6,787| p6,817| p6,780| p-37 Manufacturing.....| 17,174| p16,874| 16,923| p16,869| p16,831| p-38 Service-producing 1/| 106,918|p107,003| 106,939|p106,967|p107,102| p135 Retail trade......| 23,404| p23,439| 23,408| p23,458| p23,452| p-6 Services..........| 40,947| p41,025| 40,992| p40,983| p41,101| p118 Government........| 21,022| p21,092| 21,070| p21,085| p21,122| p37 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.1| p34.2| 34.1| p34.2| p34.2| p.0 Manufacturing.......| 40.5| p40.8| 40.6| p40.7| p41.1| p0.4 Overtime..........| 3.8| p4.0| 3.9| p3.9| p4.2| p.3 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 148.8| p148.6| 148.4| p148.7| p148.8| p0.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $14.53| p$14.63| $14.59| p$14.63| p$14.67| p$0.04 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 494.99| p499.86| 497.52| p500.35| p501.71| p1.36 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Manufacturing job losses continued, but the declines of 38,000 in March and 54,000 in February were much smaller than in previous months. From January 2001 to January 2002, job losses in the nation's factories averaged 111,000 a month. Over the month, employment in electronic equipment and in industrial machinery decreased by 10,000 and 7,000, respectively, much smaller than their average losses over the past year. Several manufacturing industries had small employment gains in March after many months of losses-- stone, clay, and glass (2,000), primary metals (2,000), and rubber and miscellaneous plastics (4,000). Transportation equipment lost 12,000 jobs in March, primarily in aircraft and parts (-9,000, including 2,800 workers on strike). Since September 2001, the aircraft industry has lost 42,000 jobs. Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, construction employment decreased by 37,000 in March, after seasonal adjustment. Virtually all the job losses were in heavy construction (-36,000). Mining employment continued on its recent downward trend. Since October, the industry has lost 14,000 jobs, mainly in oil and gas extraction. Within the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry rose by 118,000, its largest over-the-month increase since September 2000. Help supply services added 69,000 jobs in March. This was the second consecutive month of job growth in the industry, which had lost nearly a fifth of its jobs from September 2000 through January 2002. Employment in engineering and management services increased by 12,000 in March, compared with an average monthly gain of 4,000 in the prior 12 months. Health services employment continued to increase in March, rising by 32,000. Elsewhere in the private service-producing sector, employment was little changed in March. Within retail trade, food stores continued to lose jobs. In finance, security and commodity brokerages posted a small job gain (2,000), after 3 months of losses totaling 14,000. Employment in insurance fell by 4,000 over the month and has decreased by 20,000 since September 2001. In air transportation, employment edged down in March, reversing gains over the last 2 months. This followed losses totaling 111,000 in the fourth quarter. In government, employment in local education rose by 27,000 in March. Federal and state government employment were little changed over the month. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in March at 34.2 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.4 hour to 41.1 hours, and factory overtime increased by 0.3 hour to 4.2 hours. Since November, manufacturing hours have risen by 0.8 hour and overtime by one-half hour. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 percent in March to 148.8 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The index has fallen by 2.2 percent from its recent peak in January 2001. In March, the manufacturing index rose for the first time since January 2001, increasing by 0.8 percent to 93.3. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in March to $14.67, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.3 percent to $501.71. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.5 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.2 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for April 2002 is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Planned Changes Affecting Establishment Survey Data | | | | Concurrent with the release of March 2001 benchmark revisions on | | June 7, 2002, BLS will implement the next phase of a new probability- | | based sample design for the payroll survey. Estimates for the mining,| | construction, manufacturing, and wholesale trade industries are cur- | | rently produced using the new sample and methodology. Estimates for | | the transportation and public utilities; retail trade; and finance, | | insurance, and real estate industries will incorporate the new sample | | design with the June 7 release. The new sample for the services | | industry will be introduced in 2003, concluding the phase-in of the | | sample redesign. Further information is available on the Internet | | (http://www.bls.gov/ces/) or by calling (202) 691-6555. | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001, the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or $50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 211,171 213,206 213,334 211,171 212,767 212,927 213,089 213,206 213,334 Civilian labor force............................ 141,751 142,057 142,092 141,869 142,279 142,314 141,390 142,211 142,005 Participation rate........................ 67.1 66.6 66.6 67.2 66.9 66.8 66.4 66.7 66.6 Employed...................................... 135,298 133,349 133,433 135,808 134,253 134,055 133,468 134,319 133,894 Employment-population ratio............... 64.1 62.5 62.5 64.3 63.1 63.0 62.6 63.0 62.8 Agriculture................................. 2,921 2,878 2,882 3,163 3,154 3,246 3,273 3,246 3,126 Nonagricultural industries.................. 132,377 130,472 130,551 132,645 131,099 130,809 130,195 131,073 130,768 Unemployed.................................... 6,453 8,707 8,659 6,061 8,026 8,259 7,922 7,891 8,111 Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 6.1 6.1 4.3 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 Not in labor force.............................. 69,421 71,149 71,243 69,302 70,488 70,613 71,699 70,995 71,329 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,103 4,436 4,369 4,257 4,698 4,661 4,824 4,375 4,537 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,504 102,542 102,607 101,504 102,322 102,402 102,484 102,542 102,607 Civilian labor force............................ 75,266 75,500 75,627 75,563 76,023 75,976 75,469 75,685 75,756 Participation rate........................ 74.2 73.6 73.7 74.4 74.3 74.2 73.6 73.8 73.8 Employed...................................... 71,607 70,522 70,660 72,271 71,570 71,577 71,114 71,457 71,299 Employment-population ratio............... 70.5 68.8 68.9 71.2 69.9 69.9 69.4 69.7 69.5 Unemployed.................................... 3,659 4,978 4,967 3,292 4,453 4,399 4,356 4,228 4,457 Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 6.6 6.6 4.4 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.9 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 93,285 94,262 94,315 93,285 94,077 94,161 94,228 94,262 94,315 Civilian labor force............................ 71,251 71,786 71,846 71,300 71,935 71,988 71,534 71,718 71,723 Participation rate........................ 76.4 76.2 76.2 76.4 76.5 76.5 75.9 76.1 76.0 Employed...................................... 68,171 67,510 67,591 68,619 68,204 68,276 67,818 68,157 68,013 Employment-population ratio............... 73.1 71.6 71.7 73.6 72.5 72.5 72.0 72.3 72.1 Agriculture................................. 1,987 1,933 1,926 2,150 2,082 2,141 2,207 2,185 2,084 Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,184 65,577 65,665 66,469 66,122 66,135 65,611 65,973 65,929 Unemployed.................................... 3,080 4,276 4,255 2,681 3,731 3,712 3,716 3,560 3,710 Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 6.0 5.9 3.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,667 110,663 110,728 109,667 110,445 110,525 110,605 110,663 110,728 Civilian labor force............................ 66,484 66,557 66,465 66,306 66,256 66,338 65,920 66,525 66,249 Participation rate........................ 60.6 60.1 60.0 60.5 60.0 60.0 59.6 60.1 59.8 Employed...................................... 63,691 62,827 62,773 63,537 62,683 62,478 62,354 62,862 62,595 Employment-population ratio............... 58.1 56.8 56.7 57.9 56.8 56.5 56.4 56.8 56.5 Unemployed.................................... 2,793 3,729 3,692 2,769 3,573 3,860 3,566 3,663 3,654 Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 5.6 5.6 4.2 5.4 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,779 102,651 102,728 101,779 102,438 102,492 102,550 102,651 102,728 Civilian labor force............................ 62,731 62,947 62,768 62,331 62,321 62,481 62,056 62,703 62,320 Participation rate........................ 61.6 61.3 61.1 61.2 60.8 61.0 60.5 61.1 60.7 Employed...................................... 60,447 59,738 59,619 60,089 59,288 59,205 59,102 59,588 59,227 Employment-population ratio............... 59.4 58.2 58.0 59.0 57.9 57.8 57.6 58.0 57.7 Agriculture................................. 791 803 787 811 852 859 824 829 804 Nonagricultural industries.................. 59,656 58,935 58,832 59,278 58,436 58,346 58,277 58,759 58,423 Unemployed.................................... 2,285 3,209 3,149 2,242 3,033 3,276 2,954 3,116 3,093 Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 5.1 5.0 3.6 4.9 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,108 16,293 16,292 16,108 16,252 16,275 16,310 16,293 16,292 Civilian labor force............................ 7,769 7,323 7,478 8,238 8,023 7,845 7,800 7,790 7,962 Participation rate........................ 48.2 44.9 45.9 51.1 49.4 48.2 47.8 47.8 48.9 Employed...................................... 6,680 6,101 6,223 7,100 6,761 6,574 6,548 6,575 6,655 Employment-population ratio............... 41.5 37.4 38.2 44.1 41.6 40.4 40.1 40.4 40.8 Agriculture................................. 143 141 169 202 220 246 241 233 239 Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,537 5,960 6,054 6,898 6,541 6,328 6,307 6,342 6,416 Unemployed.................................... 1,088 1,222 1,255 1,138 1,262 1,271 1,252 1,215 1,308 Unemployment rate......................... 14.0 16.7 16.8 13.8 15.7 16.2 16.1 15.6 16.4 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 175,416 176,783 176,866 175,416 176,500 176,607 176,713 176,783 176,866 Civilian labor force............................ 118,166 118,412 118,291 118,194 118,566 118,403 117,759 118,472 118,159 Participation rate.......................... 67.4 67.0 66.9 67.4 67.2 67.0 66.6 67.0 66.8 Employed...................................... 113,445 111,880 111,941 113,810 112,652 112,388 111,876 112,632 112,286 Employment-population ratio................. 64.7 63.3 63.3 64.9 63.8 63.6 63.3 63.7 63.5 Unemployed.................................... 4,721 6,532 6,351 4,384 5,914 6,015 5,883 5,840 5,873 Unemployment rate........................... 4.0 5.5 5.4 3.7 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 60,400 60,788 60,663 60,374 60,900 60,875 60,473 60,714 60,521 Participation rate.......................... 76.8 76.6 76.4 76.7 76.9 76.8 76.3 76.5 76.3 Employed...................................... 58,075 57,472 57,447 58,404 58,044 58,051 57,658 58,053 57,793 Employment-population ratio................. 73.8 72.5 72.4 74.2 73.3 73.3 72.7 73.2 72.8 Unemployed.................................... 2,326 3,316 3,216 1,970 2,856 2,824 2,815 2,661 2,728 Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 5.5 5.3 3.3 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 51,195 51,487 51,321 50,860 50,850 50,869 50,698 51,199 50,938 Participation rate.......................... 60.9 60.9 60.6 60.5 60.2 60.2 59.9 60.5 60.2 Employed...................................... 49,564 49,185 49,106 49,260 48,712 48,591 48,562 48,941 48,765 Employment-population ratio................. 59.0 58.1 58.0 58.6 57.7 57.5 57.4 57.8 57.6 Unemployed.................................... 1,631 2,302 2,215 1,600 2,138 2,278 2,136 2,259 2,174 Unemployment rate........................... 3.2 4.5 4.3 3.1 4.2 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 6,571 6,137 6,307 6,960 6,816 6,659 6,588 6,558 6,699 Participation rate.......................... 51.6 47.7 49.1 54.7 53.1 51.8 51.2 51.0 52.1 Employed...................................... 5,806 5,223 5,388 6,146 5,896 5,746 5,656 5,639 5,728 Employment-population ratio................. 45.6 40.6 41.9 48.3 45.9 44.7 44.0 43.9 44.6 Unemployed.................................... 765 915 919 814 920 913 932 920 971 Unemployment rate........................... 11.6 14.9 14.6 11.7 13.5 13.7 14.2 14.0 14.5 Men....................................... 12.3 17.4 16.5 12.3 15.8 14.6 13.7 15.4 16.3 Women..................................... 10.9 12.4 12.7 11.0 11.1 12.8 14.6 12.6 12.7 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,441 25,813 25,839 25,441 25,720 25,752 25,785 25,813 25,839 Civilian labor force............................ 16,699 16,637 16,716 16,750 16,687 16,833 16,769 16,747 16,758 Participation rate.......................... 65.6 64.5 64.7 65.8 64.9 65.4 65.0 64.9 64.9 Employed...................................... 15,264 14,933 14,895 15,341 15,040 15,122 15,119 15,131 14,969 Employment-population ratio................. 60.0 57.8 57.6 60.3 58.5 58.7 58.6 58.6 57.9 Unemployed.................................... 1,435 1,704 1,821 1,409 1,647 1,711 1,650 1,616 1,789 Unemployment rate........................... 8.6 10.2 10.9 8.4 9.9 10.2 9.8 9.6 10.7 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,349 7,452 7,549 7,386 7,385 7,490 7,546 7,444 7,579 Participation rate.......................... 72.0 71.9 72.8 72.4 71.6 72.5 72.9 71.8 73.0 Employed...................................... 6,722 6,730 6,759 6,779 6,739 6,811 6,872 6,798 6,814 Employment-population ratio................. 65.9 65.0 65.1 66.5 65.3 65.9 66.4 65.6 65.7 Unemployed.................................... 627 722 790 607 646 679 674 645 765 Unemployment rate........................... 8.5 9.7 10.5 8.2 8.7 9.1 8.9 8.7 10.1 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,450 8,328 8,317 8,403 8,371 8,456 8,329 8,361 8,267 Participation rate.......................... 66.2 64.3 64.1 65.8 64.9 65.4 64.4 64.5 63.7 Employed...................................... 7,916 7,599 7,571 7,873 7,669 7,720 7,628 7,653 7,526 Employment-population ratio................. 62.0 58.7 58.4 61.6 59.4 59.7 58.9 59.1 58.0 Unemployed.................................... 534 728 746 530 702 736 702 708 742 Unemployment rate........................... 6.3 8.7 9.0 6.3 8.4 8.7 8.4 8.5 9.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 900 857 850 961 931 887 894 943 912 Participation rate.......................... 36.5 34.3 34.1 39.0 37.3 35.5 35.8 37.8 36.6 Employed...................................... 626 603 565 689 632 591 619 680 630 Employment-population ratio................. 25.4 24.2 22.6 27.9 25.3 23.7 24.8 27.2 25.3 Unemployed.................................... 274 254 285 272 299 296 274 263 282 Unemployment rate........................... 30.5 29.6 33.6 28.3 32.1 33.4 30.7 27.9 31.0 Men....................................... 27.5 29.7 35.8 28.7 31.6 32.0 32.1 30.0 36.9 Women..................................... 33.3 29.5 31.1 28.0 32.6 34.8 29.0 25.6 24.7 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,889 23,604 23,664 22,889 23,417 23,478 23,542 23,604 23,664 Civilian labor force............................ 15,820 16,044 16,018 15,739 15,932 16,013 15,988 16,011 15,908 Participation rate.......................... 69.1 68.0 67.7 68.8 68.0 68.2 67.9 67.8 67.2 Employed...................................... 14,737 14,823 14,728 14,760 14,751 14,753 14,700 14,867 14,743 Employment-population ratio................. 64.4 62.8 62.2 64.5 63.0 62.8 62.4 63.0 62.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,083 1,221 1,290 979 1,181 1,260 1,288 1,143 1,165 Unemployment rate........................... 6.8 7.6 8.1 6.2 7.4 7.9 8.1 7.1 7.3 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,564 27,420 27,858 27,564 27,504 27,815 28,078 27,420 27,858 Civilian labor force.................... 12,008 11,824 12,114 12,100 12,035 12,257 12,112 12,172 12,187 Percent of population............... 43.6 43.1 43.5 43.9 43.8 44.1 43.1 44.4 43.7 Employed.............................. 11,053 10,673 10,971 11,280 11,066 11,173 11,126 11,165 11,206 Employment-population ratio......... 40.1 38.9 39.4 40.9 40.2 40.2 39.6 40.7 40.2 Unemployed............................ 955 1,151 1,143 820 969 1,084 986 1,008 980 Unemployment rate................... 8.0 9.7 9.4 6.8 8.1 8.8 8.1 8.3 8.0 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,660 57,362 57,327 57,660 57,400 57,520 57,608 57,362 57,327 Civilian labor force.................... 37,554 37,134 36,963 37,091 36,719 36,856 36,675 37,023 36,431 Percent of population............... 65.1 64.7 64.5 64.3 64.0 64.1 63.7 64.5 63.5 Employed.............................. 35,996 34,903 34,795 35,668 34,882 35,051 34,768 35,078 34,450 Employment-population ratio......... 62.4 60.8 60.7 61.9 60.8 60.9 60.4 61.2 60.1 Unemployed............................ 1,557 2,231 2,169 1,423 1,837 1,805 1,907 1,945 1,981 Unemployment rate................... 4.1 6.0 5.9 3.8 5.0 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.4 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,182 45,350 45,094 45,182 45,353 45,362 45,075 45,350 45,094 Civilian labor force.................... 33,386 33,277 33,147 33,189 33,420 33,521 33,516 32,884 32,896 Percent of population............... 73.9 73.4 73.5 73.5 73.7 73.9 74.4 72.5 72.9 Employed.............................. 32,424 31,780 31,655 32,292 32,018 32,087 32,117 31,527 31,497 Employment-population ratio......... 71.8 70.1 70.2 71.5 70.6 70.7 71.3 69.5 69.8 Unemployed............................ 961 1,498 1,492 897 1,402 1,434 1,398 1,356 1,398 Unemployment rate................... 2.9 4.5 4.5 2.7 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,979 47,636 47,675 45,979 47,225 46,877 46,985 47,636 47,675 Civilian labor force.................... 36,622 37,949 37,889 36,597 37,324 37,101 37,106 37,773 37,853 Percent of population............... 79.7 79.7 79.5 79.6 79.0 79.1 79.0 79.3 79.4 Employed.............................. 35,916 36,865 36,870 35,890 36,223 35,960 36,013 36,681 36,833 Employment-population ratio......... 78.1 77.4 77.3 78.1 76.7 76.7 76.6 77.0 77.3 Unemployed............................ 706 1,084 1,019 707 1,101 1,141 1,093 1,092 1,019 Unemployment rate................... 1.9 2.9 2.7 1.9 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.7 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 135,298 133,349 133,433 135,808 134,253 134,055 133,468 134,319 133,894 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,125 42,972 43,057 43,385 42,861 42,772 42,823 43,275 43,317 Married women, spouse present................... 34,216 33,838 33,787 34,007 33,330 33,209 33,174 33,703 33,552 Women who maintain families..................... 8,113 8,375 8,279 8,144 8,331 8,458 8,396 8,417 8,320 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 42,029 41,969 42,047 41,896 41,925 41,890 41,668 41,966 41,908 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,551 38,616 38,298 39,395 38,546 38,573 38,557 38,424 38,146 Service occupations............................. 18,325 18,650 18,797 18,269 18,456 18,532 18,553 18,612 18,722 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,776 14,091 14,225 14,955 14,637 14,507 14,432 14,335 14,412 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,637 17,146 17,130 18,000 17,311 17,179 17,032 17,668 17,482 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 2,979 2,877 2,937 3,292 3,267 3,371 3,467 3,334 3,238 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 1,725 1,660 1,650 1,909 1,865 1,879 1,917 1,930 1,825 Self-employed workers......................... 1,165 1,203 1,205 1,224 1,276 1,313 1,311 1,293 1,264 Unpaid family workers......................... 31 14 27 34 12 27 49 21 29 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 123,572 122,315 122,331 123,767 122,507 122,196 122,145 122,770 122,545 Government.................................. 19,363 19,749 19,506 19,089 19,172 19,183 19,047 19,286 19,218 Private industries.......................... 104,208 102,567 102,825 104,678 103,335 103,013 103,098 103,485 103,327 Private households........................ 918 708 729 858 790 736 725 709 677 Other industries.......................... 103,291 101,858 102,096 103,820 102,545 102,277 102,373 102,775 102,650 Self-employed workers......................... 8,661 8,059 8,118 8,749 8,507 8,524 8,213 8,257 8,200 Unpaid family workers......................... 145 97 102 128 77 92 97 86 89 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,338 4,414 4,129 3,221 4,206 4,267 3,973 4,228 3,997 Slack work or business conditions........... 2,040 2,968 2,810 1,965 2,796 2,809 2,549 2,755 2,721 Could only find part-time work.............. 961 1,148 1,068 916 1,121 1,161 1,089 1,120 1,021 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,467 19,407 19,271 18,711 18,587 18,540 18,291 18,395 18,530 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,182 4,190 3,982 3,064 4,017 4,119 3,781 3,998 3,848 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,954 2,821 2,714 1,869 2,679 2,717 2,448 2,615 2,605 Could only find part-time work.............. 940 1,124 1,052 891 1,096 1,138 1,068 1,089 1,001 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,966 18,888 18,796 18,162 18,007 17,960 17,717 17,886 18,004 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 6,061 7,891 8,111 4.3 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,681 3,560 3,710 3.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,242 3,116 3,093 3.6 4.9 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,138 1,215 1,308 13.8 15.7 16.2 16.1 15.6 16.4 Married men, spouse present.................... 1,078 1,513 1,536 2.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 Married women, spouse present.................. 948 1,330 1,288 2.7 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.7 Women who maintain families.................... 529 728 656 6.1 8.0 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.3 Full-time workers.............................. 4,871 6,738 6,825 4.1 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 Part-time workers.............................. 1,184 1,179 1,277 4.9 5.6 5.6 5.2 4.8 5.2 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 840 1,347 1,308 2.0 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,530 2,040 2,154 3.7 5.1 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.3 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 549 827 920 3.5 5.8 5.8 6.3 5.5 6.0 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,402 1,690 1,673 7.2 9.1 9.2 9.5 8.7 8.7 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 318 256 320 8.8 6.8 7.3 7.9 7.1 9.0 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,914 6,553 6,670 4.5 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.1 Goods-producing industries................... 1,489 1,952 2,098 5.2 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.6 Mining..................................... 22 23 36 4.0 5.3 6.1 5.9 4.5 6.3 Construction............................... 509 651 738 6.4 8.9 8.9 9.4 7.9 8.8 Manufacturing.............................. 958 1,278 1,324 4.8 6.4 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.0 Durable goods............................ 573 870 850 4.7 6.9 7.2 7.0 7.5 7.5 Nondurable goods......................... 385 408 474 4.9 5.5 6.1 5.9 5.5 6.3 Service-producing industries................. 3,425 4,601 4,573 4.2 5.6 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.6 Transportation and public utilities........ 251 471 438 3.2 6.1 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.4 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,450 1,794 1,808 5.3 6.4 7.1 6.3 6.5 6.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 207 234 255 2.5 3.5 3.0 2.2 2.8 3.1 Services................................... 1,517 2,103 2,071 4.1 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 Government workers............................. 412 536 557 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.8 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 239 202 259 11.1 9.3 9.6 10.3 9.5 12.4 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,447 2,820 2,798 2,698 3,090 3,024 2,978 2,828 3,078 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,282 3,060 2,794 1,967 2,573 2,724 2,586 2,515 2,411 15 weeks and over................................ 1,724 2,827 3,067 1,510 2,317 2,410 2,546 2,561 2,688 15 to 26 weeks................................ 1,002 1,585 1,684 814 1,207 1,295 1,418 1,383 1,355 27 weeks and over............................. 721 1,242 1,383 696 1,110 1,115 1,127 1,178 1,333 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.5 15.1 16.2 12.8 14.4 14.5 14.6 15.0 15.4 Median duration, in weeks........................ 7.7 9.0 9.7 6.4 7.6 8.2 8.8 8.1 8.1 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 37.9 32.4 32.3 43.7 38.7 37.1 36.7 35.8 37.6 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 35.4 35.1 32.3 31.9 32.2 33.4 31.9 31.8 29.5 15 weeks and over.............................. 26.7 32.5 35.4 24.5 29.0 29.5 31.4 32.4 32.9 15 to 26 weeks............................... 15.5 18.2 19.4 13.2 15.1 15.9 17.5 17.5 16.6 27 weeks and over............................ 11.2 14.3 16.0 11.3 13.9 13.7 13.9 14.9 16.3 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3,336 5,014 4,766 2,995 4,501 4,492 4,354 4,326 4,270 On temporary layoff............................. 1,208 1,499 1,301 988 1,157 1,107 1,124 1,106 1,066 Not on temporary layoff......................... 2,128 3,515 3,464 2,007 3,344 3,385 3,231 3,220 3,204 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,474 2,677 2,660 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 654 838 804 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 841 891 907 803 848 908 879 877 862 Reentrants........................................ 1,940 2,383 2,508 1,908 2,197 2,361 2,191 2,268 2,471 New entrants...................................... 336 420 479 410 497 495 479 485 557 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 51.7 57.6 55.0 49.0 56.0 54.4 55.1 54.4 52.3 On temporary layoff............................ 18.7 17.2 15.0 16.2 14.4 13.4 14.2 13.9 13.1 Not on temporary layoff........................ 33.0 40.4 40.0 32.8 41.6 41.0 40.9 40.5 39.3 Job leavers...................................... 13.0 10.2 10.5 13.1 10.5 11.0 11.1 11.0 10.6 Reentrants....................................... 30.1 27.4 29.0 31.2 27.3 28.6 27.7 28.5 30.3 New entrants..................................... 5.2 4.8 5.5 6.7 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.8 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2.4 3.5 3.4 2.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 New entrants..................................... .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 1 Not available. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.2 2.0 2.2 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.4 3.5 3.4 2.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.6 6.1 6.1 4.3 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.8 6.4 6.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.3 7.1 7.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.6 10.1 9.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 6,061 7,891 8,111 4.3 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,259 2,602 2,808 9.9 11.7 11.9 11.9 11.6 12.5 16 to 19 years................................ 1,138 1,215 1,308 13.8 15.7 16.2 16.1 15.6 16.4 16 to 17 years.............................. 500 478 544 15.9 17.5 18.8 17.0 16.5 18.0 18 to 19 years.............................. 615 718 738 12.2 14.8 14.8 15.2 14.7 15.1 20 to 24 years................................ 1,121 1,387 1,500 7.7 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.5 10.3 25 years and over............................... 3,823 5,383 5,326 3.2 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 25 to 54 years................................ 3,348 4,590 4,664 3.3 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 55 years and over............................. 496 758 689 2.7 3.5 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.5 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,292 4,228 4,457 4.4 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.9 16 to 24 years................................ 1,285 1,439 1,597 10.9 13.0 12.8 12.5 12.4 13.7 16 to 19 years.............................. 611 668 747 14.3 17.7 17.2 16.3 16.8 18.5 16 to 17 years............................ 258 277 307 16.2 20.4 20.0 17.6 19.6 20.8 18 to 19 years............................ 337 397 423 12.7 16.2 15.6 15.1 15.4 16.7 20 to 24 years.............................. 674 771 850 8.9 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.2 11.1 25 years and over............................. 2,028 2,837 2,882 3.2 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,733 2,392 2,513 3.2 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.7 55 years and over........................... 304 438 384 3.0 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.1 3.6 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,769 3,663 3,654 4.2 5.4 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.5 16 to 24 years................................ 974 1,163 1,211 8.9 10.3 11.0 11.3 10.7 11.2 16 to 19 years.............................. 527 547 561 13.3 13.7 15.1 15.8 14.3 14.3 16 to 17 years............................ 242 202 238 15.6 14.5 17.6 16.4 13.6 15.3 18 to 19 years............................ 278 321 315 11.6 13.3 14.0 15.2 13.9 13.4 20 to 24 years.............................. 447 615 650 6.4 8.3 8.7 8.7 8.7 9.4 25 years and over............................. 1,795 2,547 2,444 3.2 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.4 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,615 2,197 2,152 3.4 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.6 55 years and over........................... 192 320 305 2.3 2.8 3.7 3.0 3.5 3.4 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 69,421 71,243 26,238 26,980 43,183 44,263 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,103 4,369 1,878 2,019 2,225 2,350 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,104 1,339 592 670 512 669 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 350 319 217 211 134 108 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 754 1,019 375 459 378 560 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,609 7,392 3,917 3,809 3,692 3,583 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.8 5.7 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,134 4,132 2,396 2,337 1,739 1,795 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,746 1,642 558 541 1,188 1,101 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 334 239 225 163 109 76 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,351 1,346 713 759 638 587 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002p 2002p Total......................... 131,703 129,233 129,787 130,431 132,654 131,427 131,321 131,212 131,210 131,268 Total private.................... 110,569 108,249 108,372 108,895 111,943 110,421 110,260 110,142 110,125 110,146 Goods-producing......................... 25,099 23,747 23,666 23,718 25,602 24,577 24,453 24,273 24,243 24,166 Mining................................ 548 551 544 544 557 567 564 563 557 555 Metal mining........................ 37.0 31.0 30.0 29.5 38 34 33 31 30 30 Coal mining......................... 75.8 81.9 81.1 80.8 75 81 82 82 81 81 Oil and gas extraction.............. 326.8 334.4 329.3 327.0 331 339 336 339 335 332 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 108.0 103.3 103.6 106.5 113 113 113 111 111 112 Construction.......................... 6,526 6,356 6,334 6,410 6,929 6,851 6,850 6,787 6,817 6,780 General building contractors........ 1,484.3 1,481.5 1,472.3 1,480.2 1,552 1,561 1,559 1,552 1,551 1,547 Heavy construction, except building. 837.6 803.6 804.0 822.7 938 942 944 928 939 903 Special trade contractors........... 4,204.2 4,070.6 4,057.4 4,107.0 4,439 4,348 4,347 4,307 4,327 4,330 Manufacturing......................... 18,025 16,840 16,788 16,764 18,116 17,159 17,039 16,923 16,869 16,831 Production workers................ 12,186 11,252 11,222 11,221 12,254 11,500 11,405 11,328 11,293 11,272 Durable goods........................ 10,902 10,019 9,988 9,965 10,941 10,240 10,158 10,048 10,018 9,987 Production workers................ 7,333 6,641 6,626 6,623 7,358 6,805 6,744 6,675 6,653 6,639 Lumber and wood products............ 783.1 767.5 767.6 769.9 799 784 780 781 785 786 Furniture and fixtures.............. 547.2 495.4 496.7 497.0 548 499 499 497 499 497 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 567.0 539.3 536.9 543.3 578 562 559 554 550 552 Primary metal industries............ 670.1 601.4 599.7 598.2 671 619 613 600 597 599 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 214.6 190.0 189.2 188.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,504.0 1,415.1 1,414.2 1,409.0 1,509 1,435 1,428 1,416 1,417 1,414 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,086.6 1,875.1 1,861.6 1,856.7 2,084 1,917 1,892 1,870 1,857 1,850 Computer and office equipment..... 367.1 329.9 327.1 325.2 369 339 335 327 326 326 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,708.7 1,458.4 1,441.5 1,428.8 1,715 1,499 1,474 1,456 1,434 1,424 Electronic components and accessories.................... 700.0 573.7 565.3 558.2 702 591 583 571 562 556 Transportation equipment............ 1,777.2 1,657.9 1,662.9 1,656.4 1,775 1,706 1,696 1,661 1,669 1,657 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 953.9 877.0 891.0 893.3 956 903 901 878 894 896 Aircraft and parts................ 465.3 440.0 431.6 423.4 465 456 452 440 432 423 Instruments and related products.... 868.7 834.7 832.6 829.5 871 843 839 835 833 831 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 389.2 373.9 374.0 376.0 391 376 378 378 377 377 Nondurable goods..................... 7,123 6,821 6,800 6,799 7,175 6,919 6,881 6,875 6,851 6,844 Production workers................ 4,853 4,611 4,596 4,598 4,896 4,695 4,661 4,653 4,640 4,633 Food and kindred products........... 1,653.4 1,658.6 1,655.6 1,651.8 1,687 1,691 1,682 1,684 1,686 1,683 Tobacco products.................... 31.4 33.9 33.6 33.2 32 33 32 33 33 34 Textile mill products............... 490.3 436.3 435.3 435.3 494 446 442 440 439 437 Apparel and other textile products.. 589.2 522.7 521.9 526.5 590 533 531 534 527 527 Paper and allied products........... 639.5 623.7 619.9 619.7 642 627 624 624 622 622 Printing and publishing............. 1,519.2 1,430.9 1,420.7 1,416.5 1,524 1,452 1,444 1,434 1,424 1,419 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,038.3 1,017.1 1,017.5 1,013.5 1,039 1,024 1,021 1,020 1,019 1,015 Petroleum and coal products......... 123.3 122.8 122.9 125.4 126 127 127 128 127 128 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 970.7 917.4 914.8 918.0 973 927 920 919 916 920 Leather and leather products........ 68.1 57.7 58.2 58.8 68 59 58 59 58 59 Service-producing....................... 106,604 105,486 106,121 106,713 107,052 106,850 106,868 106,939 106,967 107,102 Transportation and public utilities... 7,069 6,838 6,828 6,843 7,127 6,952 6,915 6,898 6,898 6,892 Transportation...................... 4,542 4,327 4,321 4,338 4,591 4,414 4,387 4,381 4,384 4,379 Railroad transportation........... 228.4 225.0 225.1 225.0 230 224 227 228 228 227 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 493.6 490.3 494.4 497.7 480 480 485 482 484 485 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,836.6 1,795.9 1,788.8 1,798.4 1,872 1,830 1,832 1,830 1,828 1,829 Water transportation.............. 193.2 192.7 194.3 196.4 201 204 206 204 205 205 Transportation by air............. 1,301.0 1,181.9 1,176.4 1,177.5 1,316 1,221 1,189 1,192 1,195 1,189 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.2 13.8 13.7 13.8 13 14 14 14 14 14 Transportation services........... 475.5 427.8 428.3 428.9 479 441 434 431 430 430 Communications and public utilities. 2,527 2,511 2,507 2,505 2,536 2,538 2,528 2,517 2,514 2,513 Communications.................... 1,685.0 1,665.7 1,664.9 1,665.6 1,690 1,689 1,683 1,670 1,668 1,669 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 842.0 845.3 841.8 839.7 846 849 845 847 846 844 Wholesale trade....................... 7,030 6,881 6,872 6,885 7,066 6,941 6,938 6,933 6,919 6,917 Durable goods....................... 4,181 4,056 4,054 4,054 4,196 4,087 4,086 4,076 4,070 4,067 Nondurable goods.................... 2,849 2,825 2,818 2,831 2,870 2,854 2,852 2,857 2,849 2,850 Retail trade.......................... 23,021 23,050 22,918 23,006 23,457 23,424 23,365 23,408 23,458 23,452 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 977.6 969.7 971.4 1,000.7 1,006 1,010 1,013 1,022 1,029 1,030 General merchandise stores.......... 2,700.3 2,751.3 2,684.2 2,681.9 2,797 2,778 2,755 2,710 2,789 2,786 Department stores................. 2,368.8 2,402.3 2,343.3 2,348.5 2,451 2,420 2,410 2,369 2,430 2,439 Food stores......................... 3,502.8 3,501.4 3,470.4 3,448.4 3,550 3,539 3,525 3,519 3,502 3,493 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,402.1 2,404.8 2,399.8 2,410.3 2,420 2,430 2,428 2,436 2,430 2,432 New and used car dealers.......... 1,121.0 1,136.9 1,139.6 1,145.0 1,124 1,137 1,141 1,145 1,147 1,149 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,188.0 1,225.4 1,176.6 1,183.2 1,228 1,203 1,192 1,221 1,217 1,221 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,136.1 1,146.1 1,131.9 1,131.4 1,147 1,136 1,143 1,138 1,141 1,141 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,031.9 7,894.8 7,963.8 8,064.1 8,158 8,198 8,209 8,213 8,203 8,199 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,082.1 3,156.8 3,120.3 3,085.8 3,151 3,130 3,100 3,149 3,147 3,150 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,579 7,584 7,572 7,583 7,618 7,638 7,632 7,638 7,624 7,618 Finance............................. 3,749 3,767 3,760 3,761 3,755 3,772 3,774 3,778 3,768 3,766 Depository institutions........... 2,023.5 2,043.5 2,037.9 2,040.0 2,028 2,045 2,044 2,046 2,043 2,045 Commercial banks................ 1,415.4 1,426.5 1,422.5 1,422.9 1,418 1,428 1,427 1,429 1,428 1,427 Savings institutions............ 253.4 261.3 260.7 261.7 254 259 260 262 261 262 Nondepository institutions........ 687.7 727.8 729.6 728.8 686 717 728 731 731 728 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 305.7 344.1 346.7 346.2 306 333 342 346 349 346 Security and commodity brokers.... 776.3 739.1 734.8 736.4 781 751 744 742 737 739 Holding and other investment offices........................ 261.0 256.7 257.2 255.5 260 259 258 259 257 254 Insurance........................... 2,351 2,346 2,341 2,342 2,353 2,356 2,352 2,351 2,346 2,342 Insurance carriers................ 1,592.5 1,590.5 1,585.6 1,586.1 1,593 1,597 1,594 1,594 1,588 1,586 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 758.8 755.0 755.8 755.7 760 759 758 757 758 756 Real estate......................... 1,479 1,471 1,471 1,480 1,510 1,510 1,506 1,509 1,510 1,510 Services2............................. 40,771 40,149 40,516 40,860 41,073 40,889 40,957 40,992 40,983 41,101 Agricultural services............... 741.8 720.7 718.7 759.0 828 840 846 843 843 846 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,874.7 1,747.4 1,761.9 1,793.1 1,960 1,852 1,845 1,854 1,859 1,863 Personal services................... 1,333.2 1,345.0 1,361.6 1,360.0 1,265 1,271 1,294 1,295 1,285 1,293 Business services................... 9,651.5 9,116.4 9,114.4 9,230.0 9,822 9,356 9,346 9,317 9,285 9,365 Services to buildings............. 999.4 971.2 966.8 972.7 1,007 996 992 982 976 979 Personnel supply services......... 3,556.4 3,079.1 3,084.9 3,193.2 3,694 3,282 3,252 3,237 3,237 3,317 Help supply services............ 3,163.3 2,738.5 2,748.8 2,849.0 3,293 2,913 2,894 2,881 2,891 2,960 Computer and data processing services....................... 2,199.4 2,185.4 2,188.4 2,190.0 2,195 2,189 2,189 2,186 2,184 2,183 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,297.2 1,297.1 1,303.1 1,304.4 1,298 1,305 1,304 1,308 1,308 1,305 Miscellaneous repair services....... 361.2 354.3 356.4 355.3 364 360 359 358 361 357 Motion pictures..................... 604.0 581.6 578.8 577.4 605 584 580 589 581 576 Amusement and recreation services... 1,613.6 1,529.5 1,545.9 1,590.9 1,775 1,762 1,777 1,772 1,758 1,746 Health services..................... 10247.4 10480.5 10506.2 10548.4 10,259 10,458 10,483 10,504 10,529 10,561 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,958.5 2,004.3 2,011.0 2,018.3 1,962 2,000 2,002 2,007 2,016 2,023 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,809.7 1,842.6 1,843.1 1,851.4 1,811 1,837 1,842 1,848 1,847 1,853 Hospitals......................... 4,052.8 4,164.1 4,170.7 4,181.6 4,055 4,149 4,158 4,167 4,175 4,185 Home health care services......... 646.7 655.6 657.3 662.8 648 657 659 663 661 663 Legal services...................... 1,016.7 1,024.8 1,023.6 1,026.9 1,022 1,030 1,031 1,030 1,029 1,032 Educational services................ 2,531.1 2,393.1 2,617.2 2,631.6 2,384 2,439 2,457 2,472 2,486 2,482 Social services..................... 3,026.5 3,103.4 3,123.8 3,141.5 3,009 3,100 3,105 3,122 3,121 3,125 Child day care services........... 759.0 763.0 768.5 775.2 739 755 757 756 754 756 Residential care.................. 829.5 854.6 856.5 861.4 831 855 853 860 860 863 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 103.4 101.0 101.0 104.1 110 110 110 110 110 110 Membership organizations............ 2,477.6 2,469.5 2,485.0 2,495.1 2,489 2,505 2,506 2,504 2,505 2,506 Engineering and management services. 3,519.1 3,513.8 3,547.3 3,572.4 3,510 3,543 3,541 3,542 3,551 3,563 Engineering and architectural services....................... 1,040.6 1,054.0 1,049.5 1,055.0 1,052 1,065 1,063 1,064 1,061 1,067 Management and public relations... 1,120.6 1,119.3 1,123.0 1,132.1 1,125 1,127 1,125 1,132 1,131 1,136 Services, nec....................... 50.7 49.7 49.8 48.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 21,134 20,984 21,415 21,536 20,711 21,006 21,061 21,070 21,085 21,122 Federal............................. 2,608 2,587 2,593 2,595 2,613 2,607 2,615 2,607 2,605 2,603 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,751.6 1,756.7 1,764.8 1,767.8 1,754 1,777 1,775 1,775 1,774 1,773 State............................... 4,973 4,842 5,032 5,071 4,836 4,916 4,928 4,934 4,930 4,935 Education......................... 2,208.7 2,056.3 2,241.3 2,277.5 2,055 2,109 2,112 2,120 2,118 2,124 Other State government............ 2,764.3 2,785.2 2,790.5 2,793.9 2,781 2,807 2,816 2,814 2,812 2,811 Local............................... 13,553 13,555 13,790 13,870 13,262 13,483 13,518 13,529 13,550 13,584 Education......................... 7,891.3 7,807.9 8,022.8 8,080.9 7,492 7,630 7,642 7,644 7,655 7,682 Other local government............ 5,661.4 5,747.0 5,766.9 5,789.3 5,770 5,853 5,876 5,885 5,895 5,902 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... 34.0 33.6 33.9 33.9 34.3 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.2 34.2 Goods-producing......................... 40.2 39.9 39.8 40.2 40.5 40.0 40.1 40.4 40.4 40.5 Mining................................ 43.1 42.3 42.7 42.8 43.8 43.2 43.3 43.0 43.3 43.4 Construction.......................... 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.4 39.1 39.2 38.8 39.8 39.6 39.1 Manufacturing......................... 40.8 40.4 40.3 40.9 41.0 40.3 40.6 40.6 40.7 41.1 Overtime hours.................... 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.2 Durable goods........................ 41.1 40.8 40.7 41.3 41.3 40.4 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.4 Overtime hours.................... 3.9 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.2 Lumber and wood products............ 40.0 39.7 39.8 40.6 40.3 40.5 40.8 40.1 40.7 40.9 Furniture and fixtures.............. 38.8 39.8 39.8 40.4 39.1 38.4 38.8 40.0 40.6 40.7 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.7 43.2 43.2 43.5 43.7 43.8 43.5 44.3 44.6 44.4 Primary metal industries............ 43.2 43.6 43.3 44.1 43.4 42.6 43.8 43.5 43.5 44.5 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 44.2 43.9 43.7 44.6 44.4 43.3 43.8 43.8 44.1 44.9 Fabricated metal products........... 41.6 41.2 41.3 41.7 41.9 40.7 41.2 41.3 41.6 41.9 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.3 40.4 40.2 40.6 41.2 39.9 40.2 40.2 39.9 40.5 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 39.9 38.5 38.5 39.3 40.1 38.8 39.3 38.5 38.7 39.4 Transportation equipment............ 42.1 42.3 42.0 42.7 42.0 41.3 41.7 42.7 42.3 42.6 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 42.5 43.5 43.3 44.2 42.3 42.2 43.0 44.3 43.6 44.3 Instruments and related products.... 41.1 40.4 40.3 40.7 41.0 40.3 40.5 40.3 40.0 40.6 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 38.3 37.1 37.7 38.5 38.2 37.1 37.7 37.5 38.0 38.4 Nondurable goods..................... 40.2 40.0 39.8 40.3 40.5 40.0 40.2 40.1 40.2 40.5 Overtime hours.................... 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 Food and kindred products........... 40.5 40.7 40.0 40.5 41.2 40.8 40.8 41.0 40.8 41.2 Tobacco products.................... 39.5 40.1 40.2 40.0 40.0 39.8 40.6 41.5 41.4 40.6 Textile mill products............... 40.5 39.9 40.5 41.8 40.5 39.5 40.0 39.9 41.0 41.8 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.6 36.6 37.2 38.5 37.5 36.9 37.4 37.0 37.1 38.4 Paper and allied products........... 41.5 41.4 41.1 41.5 41.8 41.3 41.5 41.2 41.5 41.8 Printing and publishing............. 38.5 37.3 37.4 37.7 38.6 37.8 37.8 37.5 37.6 37.7 Chemicals and allied products....... 42.2 41.9 41.5 41.8 42.3 42.1 41.8 42.0 41.6 41.9 Petroleum and coal products......... 42.9 41.6 40.6 40.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 40.8 40.9 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.7 41.2 40.9 41.1 41.1 Leather and leather products........ 35.9 37.5 37.2 37.7 36.1 36.6 37.4 37.9 37.6 37.9 Service-producing....................... 32.5 32.2 32.5 32.5 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.7 Transportation and public utilities... 38.0 37.4 37.4 37.6 38.3 37.8 38.0 37.8 37.6 37.9 Wholesale trade....................... 38.0 37.9 38.1 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.2 38.4 38.4 Retail trade.......................... 28.4 28.0 28.6 28.6 28.8 28.8 28.9 28.8 29.1 29.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 35.9 36.3 36.1 36.3 36.2 36.1 36.1 36.3 36.4 Services.............................. 32.6 32.2 32.5 32.4 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... $14.19 $14.67 $14.68 $14.69 $482.46 $492.91 $497.65 $497.99 Seasonally adjusted............. 14.17 14.59 14.63 14.67 486.03 497.52 500.35 501.71 Goods-producing......................... 15.69 16.17 16.17 16.21 630.74 645.18 643.57 651.64 Mining................................ 17.57 17.96 17.83 17.82 757.27 759.71 761.34 762.70 Construction.......................... 18.20 18.47 18.50 18.59 702.52 712.94 712.25 713.86 Manufacturing......................... 14.65 15.16 15.16 15.18 597.72 612.46 610.95 620.86 Durable goods........................ 15.09 15.64 15.64 15.65 620.20 638.11 636.55 646.35 Lumber and wood products............ 12.08 12.39 12.32 12.33 483.20 491.88 490.34 500.60 Furniture and fixtures.............. 12.04 12.59 12.58 12.57 467.15 501.08 500.68 507.83 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.79 15.29 15.26 15.27 631.53 660.53 659.23 664.25 Primary metal industries............ 16.63 17.26 17.30 17.33 718.42 752.54 749.09 764.25 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 20.00 20.62 20.75 20.71 884.00 905.22 906.78 923.67 Fabricated metal products........... 14.08 14.56 14.53 14.59 585.73 599.87 600.09 608.40 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.77 16.34 16.31 16.29 651.30 660.14 655.66 661.37 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 14.26 14.88 14.88 14.95 568.97 572.88 572.88 587.54 Transportation equipment............ 18.76 19.54 19.65 19.61 789.80 826.54 825.30 837.35 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.02 20.03 20.08 20.10 808.35 871.31 869.46 888.42 Instruments and related products.... 14.73 15.15 15.22 15.30 605.40 612.06 613.37 622.71 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 12.05 12.61 12.51 12.51 461.52 467.83 471.63 481.64 Nondurable goods..................... 13.97 14.46 14.45 14.47 561.59 578.40 575.11 583.14 Food and kindred products........... 12.68 13.16 13.09 13.13 513.54 535.61 523.60 531.77 Tobacco products.................... 22.63 21.91 22.16 22.82 893.89 878.59 890.83 912.80 Textile mill products............... 11.31 11.64 11.61 11.63 458.06 464.44 470.21 486.13 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.46 9.77 9.78 9.89 355.70 357.58 363.82 380.77 Paper and allied products........... 16.56 17.07 17.04 17.10 687.24 706.70 700.34 709.65 Printing and publishing............. 14.69 15.04 15.12 15.23 565.57 560.99 565.49 574.17 Chemicals and allied products....... 18.33 18.84 18.96 18.91 773.53 789.40 786.84 790.44 Petroleum and coal products......... 21.83 22.05 22.46 22.38 936.51 917.28 911.88 897.44 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 13.19 13.66 13.61 13.65 538.15 558.69 556.65 559.65 Leather and leather products........ 10.46 10.27 10.33 10.36 375.51 385.13 384.28 390.57 Service-producing....................... 13.74 14.24 14.27 14.26 446.55 458.53 463.78 463.45 Transportation and public utilities... 16.65 17.39 17.44 17.41 632.70 650.39 652.26 654.62 Wholesale trade....................... 15.58 16.07 16.16 16.04 592.04 609.05 615.70 611.12 Retail trade.......................... 9.74 10.05 10.03 10.07 276.62 281.40 286.86 288.00 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.67 16.13 16.20 16.24 564.12 579.07 588.06 586.26 Services.............................. 14.48 15.07 15.10 15.09 472.05 485.25 490.75 488.92 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change Industry 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002p 2002p from: Feb. 2002- Mar. 2002 Total private: Current dollars.............. $14.17 $14.54 $14.58 $14.59 $14.63 $14.67 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.96 8.11 8.15 8.14 8.15 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 15.79 16.15 16.20 16.23 16.27 16.31 .2 Mining...................... 17.55 17.85 17.83 17.77 17.72 17.79 .4 Construction................ 18.33 18.46 18.57 18.54 18.57 18.68 .6 Manufacturing............... 14.66 15.05 15.09 15.12 15.18 15.21 .2 Excluding overtime4....... 13.96 14.38 14.41 14.42 14.47 14.46 -.1 Service-producing............. 13.68 14.07 14.12 14.12 14.16 14.20 .3 Transportation and public utilities................ 16.68 17.23 17.23 17.35 17.41 17.44 .2 Wholesale trade............. 15.68 15.91 16.05 16.05 16.15 16.13 -.1 Retail trade................ 9.72 9.98 9.99 9.99 10.00 10.05 .5 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 15.61 16.07 16.14 16.11 16.13 16.20 .4 Services.................... 14.40 14.87 14.93 14.92 14.97 15.00 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .1 percent from January 2002 to February 2002, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... 148.7 143.4 144.7 145.7 152.0 148.7 148.8 148.4 148.7 148.8 Goods-producing......................... 110.5 102.6 102.0 103.3 114.1 107.5 107.1 107.0 106.5 106.7 Mining................................ 52.5 51.0 50.7 50.6 54.5 54.8 54.3 53.4 53.0 52.4 Construction.......................... 175.5 168.0 166.9 169.0 191.0 187.9 185.8 188.6 186.0 184.1 Manufacturing......................... 100.2 91.7 91.3 92.5 101.2 93.4 93.3 92.7 92.6 93.3 Durable goods........................ 105.2 94.4 94.1 95.4 105.9 96.0 96.1 95.3 95.2 96.0 Lumber and wood products............ 133.7 129.3 129.7 132.9 137.7 135.1 135.5 133.2 135.8 136.9 Furniture and fixtures.............. 132.5 121.5 122.2 124.5 133.7 118.3 119.8 122.6 125.4 125.7 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 114.4 108.9 108.6 111.3 119.7 116.0 114.4 115.2 115.7 115.7 Primary metal industries............ 85.6 76.1 75.3 76.5 86.2 76.5 78.0 75.5 75.0 77.3 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 66.1 57.6 57.2 58.2 66.6 60.6 60.5 57.4 57.4 58.4 Fabricated metal products........... 116.0 107.0 107.2 108.0 117.1 107.4 108.1 107.5 108.5 109.0 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 97.5 83.9 82.9 83.4 97.0 85.1 84.4 83.3 82.0 82.9 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 102.9 82.7 81.3 82.3 103.4 85.5 85.1 82.4 81.2 82.3 Transportation equipment............ 113.7 104.5 104.5 106.2 113.1 105.4 105.3 106.4 105.7 105.7 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 146.8 136.1 138.2 142.2 146.0 136.5 137.8 139.8 139.7 142.4 Instruments and related products.... 75.4 70.0 69.5 69.6 75.2 70.5 70.5 69.8 68.9 69.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 94.9 86.5 88.1 91.4 95.3 87.3 89.1 88.6 89.4 91.4 Nondurable goods..................... 93.3 88.0 87.4 88.5 94.7 89.8 89.5 89.2 89.0 89.7 Food and kindred products........... 111.3 111.3 109.4 110.2 115.9 114.5 113.6 114.3 113.9 114.7 Tobacco products.................... 44.4 50.3 49.6 48.5 45.6 47.3 46.3 49.3 49.2 50.3 Textile mill products............... 69.1 59.9 60.7 62.9 69.5 61.4 61.2 60.2 62.2 63.0 Apparel and other textile products.. 50.4 42.9 43.6 45.5 50.4 44.1 44.5 44.4 43.9 45.4 Paper and allied products........... 98.2 95.5 94.4 95.2 99.4 96.2 95.9 95.2 95.7 96.6 Printing and publishing............. 118.1 107.2 106.3 106.7 119.2 110.7 109.9 108.1 107.4 107.0 Chemicals and allied products....... 98.9 94.9 93.9 94.4 98.9 96.2 95.0 95.1 94.0 94.3 Petroleum and coal products......... 68.5 68.1 66.7 67.9 69.5 71.7 71.4 71.1 69.7 69.6 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 139.2 131.3 131.2 132.2 140.4 131.8 132.9 131.7 132.0 132.5 Leather and leather products........ 28.8 24.5 24.5 25.0 28.8 24.7 24.7 25.0 24.8 25.0 Service-producing....................... 165.9 161.7 163.9 164.7 169.1 167.1 167.5 166.9 167.7 167.8 Transportation and public utilities... 137.6 131.4 131.2 132.1 139.9 135.0 135.0 134.3 133.5 134.2 Wholesale trade....................... 130.0 127.3 128.0 128.3 132.0 129.3 129.8 129.6 130.2 130.0 Retail trade.......................... 141.2 139.0 140.7 141.2 146.0 145.3 145.5 145.4 147.0 146.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.0 137.6 138.6 138.1 140.0 140.2 139.6 139.6 139.9 140.1 Services.............................. 210.5 204.1 207.9 209.4 213.4 211.1 211.8 210.8 211.6 212.0 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4 1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8 2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2 2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 46.6 44.3 45.5 43.9 44.1 38.7 38.7 41.8 2002.............. 48.9 p46.2 p45.6 Over 3-month span: 1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2 1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6 2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3 2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 49.2 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.9 38.8 35.8 35.6 37.7 2002.............. p41.4 p43.1 Over 6-month span: 1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9 1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9 2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2 2001.............. 52.0 50.6 48.6 45.3 44.1 38.5 37.1 35.6 35.1 35.7 p35.3 p35.6 2002.............. Over 12-month span: 1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8 1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9 2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 53.0 51.7 2001.............. 49.6 47.7 45.0 43.1 40.5 39.8 38.4 p36.8 p34.7 2002.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4 1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7 2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1 2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 29.4 33.1 39.0 27.6 36.0 29.4 25.7 29.4 2002.............. 39.0 p41.9 p42.3 Over 3-month span: 1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8 1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0 2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7 2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 26.5 22.4 24.6 21.0 19.9 19.9 21.0 17.6 20.2 2002.............. p27.2 p32.7 Over 6-month span: 1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2 1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5 2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9 2001.............. 26.8 25.4 19.9 20.6 20.2 15.1 13.2 14.0 11.8 14.7 p18.8 p18.8 2002.............. Over 12-month span: 1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2 1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5 2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 24.3 21.0 2001.............. 19.1 16.5 14.7 16.2 15.1 12.1 12.9 p12.5 p12.5 2002.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.