Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 07-0793 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, June 1, 2007. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MAY 2007 Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 157,000 in May, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Health care and food services added jobs, while employment declined in manufacturing. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent, over the month. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons (6.8 million) and the unemployment rate (4.5 percent) were unchanged in May. The jobless rate has ranged from 4.4 to 4.6 percent since September 2006. Over the month, the jobless rates for the major worker groups--adult men (4.0 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), teen- agers (15.7 percent), whites (3.9 percent), blacks (8.5 percent), and Hispanics (5.8 percent)--showed little or no change. The unemployment rate for Asians was 2.9 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) In May, total employment was about unchanged at 145.9 million, and the em- ployment-population ratio held at 63.0 percent. The civilian labor force also was about unchanged at 152.8 million, and the labor force participation rate remained at 66.0 percent. Both the employment-population ratio and labor force participation rate were down by 0.4 percentage point from December. (See table A-1.) The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, was little changed in May but was up by 332,000 over the year. This category includes persons who indicated that they would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) In May, 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year earlier. These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime during the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 368,000 discouraged workers in May, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The remaining 1.0 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance and family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Addition of Frequently Asked Questions | | | | As a service to data users, a set of frequently asked questions | | about the establishment and household surveys has been added to the | | Employment Situation news release beginning this month. These ques- | | tions may change periodically. | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Apr.- Category | | | | May | 2006 | 2007 | 2007 | change |________|________|__________________________| | | | | | | | IV | I | Mar. | Apr. | May | ________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ | HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | Civilian labor force ....| 152,425| 152,912| 152,979| 152,587| 152,762| 175 Employment ............| 145,629| 146,044| 146,254| 145,786| 145,943| 157 Unemployment ..........| 6,797| 6,869| 6,724| 6,801| 6,819| 18 Not in labor force ......| 77,471| 77,927| 78,055| 78,666| 78,718| 52 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | | Unemployment rates |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | All workers .............| 4.5| 4.5| 4.4| 4.5| 4.5| 0.0 Adult men .............| 3.9| 4.1| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| .0 Adult women ...........| 3.9| 3.9| 3.8| 3.8| 3.8| .0 Teenagers .............| 15.1| 14.8| 14.5| 15.3| 15.7| .4 White .................| 3.9| 4.0| 3.8| 3.9| 3.9| .0 Black or African | | | | | | American ............| 8.5| 8.1| 8.3| 8.2| 8.5| .3 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity ...........| 4.8| 5.4| 5.1| 5.4| 5.8| .4 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | Nonfarm employment.......| 136,951| 137,447| 137,594|p137,674|p137,831| p157 Goods-producing (1)....| 22,539| 22,505| 22,497| p22,458| p22,439| p-19 Construction ........| 7,691| 7,684| 7,692| p7,671| p7,671| p0 Manufacturing .......| 14,147| 14,111| 14,090| p14,070| p14,051| p-19 Service-providing (1)..| 114,412| 114,942| 115,097|p115,216|p115,392| p176 Retail trade (2).....| 15,316| 15,375| 15,404| p15,379| p15,374| p-5 Professional and | | | | | | business services .| 17,727| 17,826| 17,834| p17,855| p17,887| p32 Education and health | | | | | | services ..........| 18,019| 18,143| 18,188| p18,246| p18,300| p54 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality .......| 13,318| 13,423| 13,449| p13,461| p13,507| p46 Government ..........| 22,107| 22,170| 22,197| p22,218| p22,240| p22 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | | Hours of work (3) |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | Total private ...........| 33.9| 33.8| 33.9| p33.8| p33.9| p0.1 Manufacturing .........| 41.1| 41.0| 41.2| p41.1| p41.0| p-.1 Overtime ............| 4.2| 4.2| 4.3| p4.2| p4.1| p-.1 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3) |_____________________________________________________ | | | | | | Total private ...........| 106.5| 106.8| 107.3| p107.0| p107.5| p0.5 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | | Earnings (3) |_____________________________________________________ Average hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private .........| $17.00| $17.16| $17.21| p$17.24| p$17.30| p0.06 Average weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private .........| 575.73| 579.90| 583.42| p582.71| p586.47| p3.76 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data. 3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers. p = preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 157,000 in May to 137.8 million (sea- sonally adjusted). Thus far in 2007, payroll employment gains have averaged 133,000 per month compared with average increases of 189,000 per month in 2006. In May, job growth continued in a number of service-providing industries, in- cluding health care and food services. Manufacturing employment continued to decline. (See table B-1.) Employment in the health care industry continued to grow in May (+25,000), with gains in ambulatory health care services and hospitals. Over the year, health care added 363,000 jobs. Employment in social assistance continued to trend up in May; the industry added 11,000 jobs over the month and 72,000 over the year. In the leisure and hospitality sector, employment in food services and drinking places rose by 35,000 in May. This industry has added 361,000 jobs over the year. Within professional and business services, job gains continued over the month in computer systems design (+8,000) and in architectural and engineering services (+7,000). Employment in temporary help services was little changed over the month and has shown little movement since its recent peak in December 2005. In financial activities, employment rose in securities, commodity contracts, and investments (+6,000) and in commercial banking (+4,000) in May. These gains were largely offset by small declines in other components of the sector. Elsewhere in the service-providing sector, employment in private education, information, and wholesale trade continued to trend up over the month. Retail trade employment changed little in May and has shown no net increase since March 2006. Employment in construction was unchanged in May, with no significant move- ments among the component industries. Since its recent peak in September, con- struction employment has decreased by 54,000. Manufacturing employment continued to decline in May (-19,000). About half of the decline occurred in motor vehicles and parts manufacturing, which lost 10,000 jobs over the month. Over the year, factory employment decreased by 164,000, with motor vehicles and parts accounting for nearly half of the loss. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) In May, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.9 hours, seasonally ad- justed. The manufacturing workweek and factory overtime each fell by 0.1 hour to 41.0 and 4.1 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.5 percent in May to 107.5 (2002=100). The manufacturing index fell by 0.3 percent over the month to 94.9. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents, or 0.3 percent, in May to $17.30, season- ally adjusted. Average weekly earnings grew by 0.6 percent over the month to $586.47. Over the year, average hourly and weekly earnings rose by 3.8 and 4.1 percent, respectively. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for June 2007 is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 - Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The esta- blishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the mea- surement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricul- tural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the esta- blishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. Are illegal immigrants counted in the surveys? Neither the establishment nor household survey tries to identify the legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include at least some illegal immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers accounted for about 15 percent of the labor force in 2006 and about 47 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000 to 2006. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling error in the estimates. For more infor- mation on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ web/cesbmart.htm. Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the self-employed? While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. - 6 - Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; for current monthly estimates BLS makes a model-based adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearing on the sampling frame and being available for selection. BLS does sample new businesses twice a year, but with a lag. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially count- ed as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release. - 7 - Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the informa- tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house- holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establish- ment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro- fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. - 8 - Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri- vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and method- ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur- veys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in- dividuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The ef- fect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctua- tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad- justing the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make non- seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to ana- lyze changes in economic activity. - 9 - Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the en- tire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 stand- ard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc- curred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of esti- mates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also im- prove the stability of the monthly estimates. - 10 - The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.05 percent to 0.6 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order pay- able to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population......... 228,428 231,253 231,480 228,428 230,650 230,834 231,034 231,253 231,480 Civilian labor force....................... 150,696 151,829 152,350 151,051 152,974 152,784 152,979 152,587 152,762 Participation rate................... 66.0 65.7 65.8 66.1 66.3 66.2 66.2 66.0 66.0 Employed................................. 144,041 145,297 145,864 144,045 145,957 145,919 146,254 145,786 145,943 Employment-population ratio.......... 63.1 62.8 63.0 63.1 63.3 63.2 63.3 63.0 63.0 Unemployed............................... 6,655 6,532 6,486 7,006 7,017 6,865 6,724 6,801 6,819 Unemployment rate.................... 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 Not in labor force......................... 77,732 79,423 79,130 77,378 77,676 78,050 78,055 78,666 78,718 Persons who currently want a job......... 5,201 4,729 5,551 4,679 4,520 4,705 4,511 4,773 4,928 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population......... 110,401 111,849 111,970 110,401 111,528 111,627 111,733 111,849 111,970 Civilian labor force....................... 80,995 81,665 81,916 81,170 82,060 82,014 82,044 82,076 82,083 Participation rate................... 73.4 73.0 73.2 73.5 73.6 73.5 73.4 73.4 73.3 Employed................................. 77,322 78,013 78,329 77,315 78,237 78,172 78,344 78,344 78,323 Employment-population ratio.......... 70.0 69.7 70.0 70.0 70.2 70.0 70.1 70.0 70.0 Unemployed............................... 3,672 3,651 3,587 3,856 3,823 3,842 3,701 3,732 3,760 Unemployment rate.................... 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 Not in labor force......................... 29,407 30,184 30,054 29,231 29,468 29,613 29,689 29,773 29,887 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population......... 101,963 103,248 103,361 101,963 102,956 103,046 103,143 103,248 103,361 Civilian labor force....................... 77,446 78,315 78,522 77,457 78,384 78,375 78,452 78,459 78,524 Participation rate................... 76.0 75.9 76.0 76.0 76.1 76.1 76.1 76.0 76.0 Employed................................. 74,356 75,218 75,537 74,208 75,158 75,138 75,323 75,313 75,380 Employment-population ratio.......... 72.9 72.9 73.1 72.8 73.0 72.9 73.0 72.9 72.9 Unemployed............................... 3,090 3,097 2,985 3,249 3,226 3,237 3,129 3,146 3,144 Unemployment rate.................... 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 Not in labor force......................... 24,517 24,933 24,839 24,506 24,572 24,671 24,691 24,789 24,837 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population......... 118,027 119,403 119,510 118,027 119,122 119,207 119,300 119,403 119,510 Civilian labor force....................... 69,701 70,164 70,434 69,880 70,914 70,770 70,934 70,511 70,679 Participation rate................... 59.1 58.8 58.9 59.2 59.5 59.4 59.5 59.1 59.1 Employed................................. 66,719 67,284 67,535 66,730 67,720 67,747 67,911 67,442 67,620 Employment-population ratio.......... 56.5 56.3 56.5 56.5 56.8 56.8 56.9 56.5 56.6 Unemployed............................... 2,983 2,881 2,899 3,150 3,194 3,023 3,024 3,069 3,059 Unemployment rate.................... 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 Not in labor force......................... 48,326 49,239 49,076 48,147 48,207 48,437 48,366 48,893 48,831 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population......... 109,829 111,057 111,157 109,829 110,803 110,880 110,964 111,057 111,157 Civilian labor force....................... 66,251 66,973 67,121 66,356 67,361 67,267 67,487 67,083 67,281 Participation rate................... 60.3 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.8 60.7 60.8 60.4 60.5 Employed................................. 63,695 64,530 64,715 63,622 64,654 64,703 64,912 64,502 64,701 Employment-population ratio.......... 58.0 58.1 58.2 57.9 58.4 58.4 58.5 58.1 58.2 Unemployed............................... 2,556 2,443 2,406 2,735 2,707 2,564 2,576 2,581 2,580 Unemployment rate.................... 3.9 3.6 3.6 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 Not in labor force......................... 43,578 44,084 44,036 43,472 43,442 43,612 43,477 43,974 43,875 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population......... 16,637 16,948 16,962 16,637 16,891 16,908 16,927 16,948 16,962 Civilian labor force....................... 6,999 6,541 6,707 7,237 7,228 7,142 7,039 7,045 6,957 Participation rate................... 42.1 38.6 39.5 43.5 42.8 42.2 41.6 41.6 41.0 Employed................................. 5,990 5,549 5,611 6,215 6,145 6,078 6,019 5,970 5,862 Employment-population ratio.......... 36.0 32.7 33.1 37.4 36.4 35.9 35.6 35.2 34.6 Unemployed............................... 1,010 992 1,095 1,022 1,083 1,064 1,020 1,075 1,095 Unemployment rate.................... 14.4 15.2 16.3 14.1 15.0 14.9 14.5 15.3 15.7 Not in labor force......................... 9,637 10,407 10,256 9,399 9,662 9,766 9,888 9,903 10,005 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population......... 186,002 187,843 187,993 186,002 187,471 187,582 187,704 187,843 187,993 Civilian labor force....................... 123,283 123,944 124,376 123,508 124,908 124,676 124,888 124,450 124,618 Participation rate..................... 66.3 66.0 66.2 66.4 66.6 66.5 66.5 66.3 66.3 Employed................................. 118,509 119,231 119,719 118,482 119,767 119,669 120,115 119,547 119,724 Employment-population ratio............ 63.7 63.5 63.7 63.7 63.9 63.8 64.0 63.6 63.7 Unemployed............................... 4,774 4,713 4,657 5,026 5,141 5,007 4,773 4,904 4,893 Unemployment rate...................... 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 Not in labor force......................... 62,718 63,899 63,618 62,493 62,562 62,905 62,817 63,393 63,375 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 64,469 65,104 65,241 64,437 65,109 65,113 65,206 65,165 65,196 Participation rate..................... 76.4 76.4 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.5 76.6 76.5 76.4 Employed................................. 62,246 62,857 63,091 62,097 62,693 62,703 63,007 62,884 62,924 Employment-population ratio............ 73.8 73.8 74.0 73.6 73.7 73.7 74.0 73.8 73.8 Unemployed............................... 2,223 2,247 2,149 2,340 2,416 2,410 2,199 2,282 2,272 Unemployment rate...................... 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 53,016 53,443 53,577 53,067 53,809 53,667 53,839 53,486 53,663 Participation rate..................... 59.7 59.6 59.7 59.7 60.1 60.0 60.1 59.7 59.8 Employed................................. 51,223 51,677 51,877 51,149 51,877 51,840 52,036 51,636 51,842 Employment-population ratio............ 57.7 57.7 57.8 57.6 58.0 57.9 58.1 57.6 57.8 Unemployed............................... 1,794 1,766 1,700 1,918 1,932 1,827 1,803 1,851 1,821 Unemployment rate...................... 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force....................... 5,798 5,397 5,558 6,004 5,990 5,896 5,843 5,799 5,759 Participation rate..................... 45.2 41.4 42.6 46.8 46.1 45.3 44.9 44.5 44.2 Employed................................. 5,040 4,698 4,751 5,235 5,197 5,126 5,072 5,027 4,958 Employment-population ratio............ 39.3 36.1 36.5 40.8 40.0 39.4 39.0 38.6 38.0 Unemployed............................... 757 699 807 769 793 770 771 772 800 Unemployment rate...................... 13.1 13.0 14.5 12.8 13.2 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.9 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population......... 26,943 27,385 27,422 26,943 27,276 27,310 27,346 27,385 27,422 Civilian labor force....................... 17,247 17,353 17,357 17,309 17,639 17,549 17,436 17,510 17,433 Participation rate..................... 64.0 63.4 63.3 64.2 64.7 64.3 63.8 63.9 63.6 Employed................................. 15,796 15,997 15,957 15,770 16,226 16,154 15,988 16,065 15,946 Employment-population ratio............ 58.6 58.4 58.2 58.5 59.5 59.2 58.5 58.7 58.2 Unemployed............................... 1,452 1,356 1,400 1,539 1,412 1,395 1,448 1,444 1,487 Unemployment rate...................... 8.4 7.8 8.1 8.9 8.0 7.9 8.3 8.2 8.5 Not in labor force......................... 9,696 10,032 10,065 9,634 9,637 9,761 9,910 9,875 9,988 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 7,732 7,801 7,763 7,753 7,893 7,846 7,804 7,860 7,788 Participation rate..................... 71.3 70.8 70.4 71.5 72.0 71.5 71.0 71.4 70.6 Employed................................. 7,072 7,163 7,149 7,058 7,304 7,262 7,103 7,201 7,146 Employment-population ratio............ 65.3 65.1 64.8 65.1 66.6 66.1 64.6 65.4 64.8 Unemployed............................... 661 638 614 695 588 584 701 659 642 Unemployment rate...................... 8.5 8.2 7.9 9.0 7.5 7.4 9.0 8.4 8.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 8,676 8,787 8,810 8,696 8,891 8,850 8,832 8,798 8,832 Participation rate..................... 64.0 63.9 64.0 64.2 64.9 64.5 64.3 64.0 64.2 Employed................................. 8,091 8,296 8,254 8,069 8,316 8,286 8,285 8,273 8,234 Employment-population ratio............ 59.7 60.4 60.0 59.5 60.7 60.4 60.4 60.2 59.8 Unemployed............................... 585 491 556 627 575 564 547 525 598 Unemployment rate...................... 6.7 5.6 6.3 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.0 6.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force....................... 839 765 784 859 855 852 800 852 814 Participation rate..................... 32.8 29.1 29.8 33.6 32.7 32.5 30.5 32.4 30.9 Employed................................. 633 537 554 643 606 605 600 591 567 Employment-population ratio............ 24.8 20.4 21.0 25.2 23.2 23.1 22.9 22.5 21.5 Unemployed............................... 206 228 230 216 249 247 200 261 247 Unemployment rate...................... 24.5 29.8 29.4 25.2 29.1 29.0 25.0 30.6 30.4 ASIAN Civilian noninstutional population........... 10,148 10,545 10,633 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force....................... 6,652 6,951 7,042 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate..................... 65.6 65.9 66.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed................................. 6,454 6,723 6,836 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio............ 63.6 63.8 64.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed............................... 198 228 206 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate...................... 3.0 3.3 2.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force......................... 3,496 3,594 3,591 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population......... 29,966 31,147 31,238 29,966 30,877 30,965 31,055 31,147 31,238 Civilian labor force....................... 20,601 21,434 21,460 20,559 21,439 21,318 21,390 21,445 21,425 Participation rate..................... 68.7 68.8 68.7 68.6 69.4 68.8 68.9 68.9 68.6 Employed................................. 19,685 20,328 20,329 19,531 20,221 20,204 20,288 20,284 20,189 Employment-population ratio............ 65.7 65.3 65.1 65.2 65.5 65.2 65.3 65.1 64.6 Unemployed............................... 916 1,106 1,131 1,029 1,218 1,115 1,101 1,161 1,237 Unemployment rate...................... 4.4 5.2 5.3 5.0 5.7 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.8 Not in labor force......................... 9,364 9,714 9,778 9,406 9,438 9,647 9,665 9,702 9,813 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 11,833 12,376 12,390 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate..................... 84.6 85.1 85.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed................................. 11,448 11,860 11,852 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio............ 81.9 81.6 81.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed............................... 385 516 538 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate...................... 3.3 4.2 4.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force....................... 7,735 7,999 8,015 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate..................... 58.6 58.4 58.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed................................. 7,347 7,590 7,630 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio............ 55.6 55.4 55.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed............................... 389 409 385 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate...................... 5.0 5.1 4.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force....................... 1,033 1,060 1,054 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate..................... 37.2 36.3 36.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed................................. 890 878 846 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio............ 32.0 30.1 28.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed............................... 142 182 208 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate...................... 13.8 17.1 19.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force......................... 13,231 12,799 12,710 12,902 12,870 13,150 13,033 12,765 12,440 Participation rate....................... 46.8 46.6 46.9 45.7 47.0 47.9 47.2 46.5 45.9 Employed................................... 12,415 11,918 11,962 12,012 11,993 12,212 12,126 11,847 11,610 Employment-population ratio.............. 43.9 43.4 44.2 42.5 43.8 44.4 43.9 43.1 42.9 Unemployed................................. 816 881 749 890 877 938 906 917 831 Unemployment rate........................ 6.2 6.9 5.9 6.9 6.8 7.1 7.0 7.2 6.7 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force......................... 38,431 38,354 38,080 38,313 38,723 38,723 38,610 38,319 38,103 Participation rate....................... 63.3 62.7 62.5 63.2 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.6 62.6 Employed................................... 36,903 36,798 36,515 36,640 37,083 37,063 37,042 36,758 36,383 Employment-population ratio.............. 60.8 60.1 60.0 60.4 60.1 60.1 60.3 60.1 59.8 Unemployed................................. 1,528 1,557 1,565 1,673 1,641 1,660 1,568 1,562 1,720 Unemployment rate........................ 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.5 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force......................... 34,716 35,669 35,762 35,197 35,092 34,678 35,200 35,620 36,098 Participation rate....................... 72.0 72.3 72.1 73.0 72.2 71.2 71.6 72.2 72.8 Employed................................... 33,496 34,405 34,622 33,883 33,802 33,434 33,944 34,337 34,865 Employment-population ratio.............. 69.5 69.8 69.8 70.3 69.6 68.6 69.1 69.6 70.3 Unemployed................................. 1,220 1,263 1,140 1,315 1,290 1,244 1,256 1,283 1,234 Unemployment rate........................ 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force......................... 42,295 43,565 44,138 42,238 43,584 43,770 43,660 43,567 44,052 Participation rate....................... 77.7 77.9 78.1 77.6 78.2 78.6 78.6 77.9 77.9 Employed................................... 41,457 42,809 43,309 41,356 42,673 42,930 42,858 42,773 43,191 Employment-population ratio.............. 76.2 76.5 76.6 76.0 76.6 77.1 77.1 76.5 76.4 Unemployed................................. 838 757 829 883 911 839 801 793 861 Unemployment rate........................ 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.0 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. See the box note in the BLS news release USDL 07-0486, "The Employment Situation: March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of technical issues regarding educational attainment data. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries........... 2,233 2,040 2,121 2,190 2,266 2,343 2,241 2,053 2,100 Wage and salary workers.................... 1,307 1,166 1,239 1,283 1,358 1,441 1,327 1,205 1,224 Self-employed workers...................... 911 856 861 886 890 892 897 858 845 Unpaid family workers...................... 15 18 20 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries................... 141,808 143,257 143,743 141,810 143,681 143,537 144,032 143,687 143,815 Wage and salary workers.................... 132,044 133,513 133,908 132,060 134,018 133,798 134,110 133,874 133,994 Government............................... 20,395 21,320 21,479 20,235 20,902 20,872 20,931 21,046 21,227 Private industries....................... 111,649 112,193 112,429 111,839 113,050 112,918 113,171 112,762 112,757 Private households..................... 800 819 810 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries....................... 110,848 111,374 111,619 110,977 112,309 112,026 112,283 111,967 111,892 Self-employed workers...................... 9,677 9,641 9,741 9,681 9,520 9,605 9,737 9,713 9,716 Unpaid family workers...................... 87 103 94 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons............. 3,968 4,205 4,315 4,152 4,246 4,212 4,278 4,374 4,484 Slack work or business conditions........ 2,587 2,729 2,872 2,715 2,753 2,729 2,769 2,849 2,963 Could only find part-time work........... 1,115 1,236 1,226 1,161 1,185 1,208 1,215 1,248 1,265 Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 20,228 20,336 20,053 19,696 19,761 19,907 20,088 19,948 19,626 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons............. 3,878 4,127 4,246 4,053 4,155 4,088 4,196 4,308 4,403 Slack work or business conditions........ 2,516 2,681 2,830 2,631 2,686 2,662 2,698 2,811 2,904 Could only find part-time work........... 1,110 1,226 1,216 1,154 1,165 1,187 1,196 1,236 1,256 Part time for noneconomic reasons.......... 19,872 20,001 19,689 19,285 19,410 19,521 19,677 19,570 19,200 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over..................... 144,041 145,297 145,864 144,045 145,957 145,919 146,254 145,786 145,943 16 to 19 years............................. 5,990 5,549 5,611 6,215 6,145 6,078 6,019 5,970 5,862 16 to 17 years........................... 2,335 2,129 2,153 2,500 2,394 2,275 2,301 2,315 2,308 18 to 19 years........................... 3,654 3,420 3,458 3,720 3,734 3,777 3,715 3,628 3,550 20 years and over.......................... 138,051 139,748 140,252 137,830 139,813 139,841 140,235 139,815 140,081 20 to 24 years........................... 13,780 13,819 13,845 13,877 14,086 14,139 14,204 13,982 13,967 25 years and over........................ 124,271 125,929 126,407 123,870 125,634 125,597 125,916 125,667 126,006 25 to 54 years......................... 99,640 100,476 100,725 99,334 100,627 100,319 100,488 100,365 100,434 25 to 34 years....................... 30,990 31,565 31,610 30,934 31,411 31,366 31,530 31,588 31,550 35 to 44 years....................... 34,641 34,457 34,466 34,500 34,689 34,618 34,520 34,378 34,344 45 to 54 years....................... 34,009 34,454 34,650 33,900 34,527 34,335 34,438 34,400 34,539 55 years and over...................... 24,631 25,453 25,682 24,536 25,007 25,278 25,428 25,302 25,572 Men, 16 years and over....................... 77,322 78,013 78,329 77,315 78,237 78,172 78,344 78,344 78,323 16 to 19 years............................. 2,966 2,795 2,792 3,107 3,079 3,034 3,020 3,031 2,942 16 to 17 years........................... 1,137 1,059 1,010 1,225 1,195 1,124 1,126 1,157 1,097 18 to 19 years........................... 1,829 1,736 1,782 1,881 1,881 1,915 1,903 1,865 1,842 20 years and over.......................... 74,356 75,218 75,537 74,208 75,158 75,138 75,323 75,313 75,380 20 to 24 years........................... 7,358 7,285 7,365 7,395 7,457 7,435 7,458 7,412 7,406 25 years and over........................ 66,998 67,934 68,172 66,761 67,648 67,665 67,811 67,846 67,924 25 to 54 years......................... 53,810 54,426 54,552 53,637 54,406 54,282 54,358 54,412 54,382 25 to 34 years....................... 17,131 17,433 17,487 17,079 17,325 17,314 17,470 17,478 17,429 35 to 44 years....................... 18,848 18,823 18,842 18,793 18,862 18,839 18,779 18,804 18,783 45 to 54 years....................... 17,831 18,170 18,224 17,765 18,220 18,129 18,109 18,130 18,169 55 years and over...................... 13,187 13,508 13,620 13,124 13,242 13,383 13,454 13,434 13,543 Women, 16 years and over..................... 66,719 67,284 67,535 66,730 67,720 67,747 67,911 67,442 67,620 16 to 19 years............................. 3,024 2,754 2,820 3,109 3,066 3,044 2,999 2,940 2,919 16 to 17 years........................... 1,198 1,070 1,143 1,275 1,198 1,151 1,175 1,157 1,211 18 to 19 years........................... 1,825 1,684 1,676 1,839 1,853 1,863 1,812 1,763 1,707 20 years and over.......................... 63,695 64,530 64,715 63,622 64,654 64,703 64,912 64,502 64,701 20 to 24 years........................... 6,421 6,534 6,480 6,482 6,629 6,704 6,746 6,570 6,561 25 years and over........................ 57,274 57,996 58,235 57,109 57,986 57,932 58,105 57,821 58,081 25 to 54 years......................... 45,830 46,050 46,173 45,698 46,221 46,037 46,130 45,954 46,052 25 to 34 years....................... 13,859 14,132 14,123 13,855 14,086 14,052 14,060 14,110 14,121 35 to 44 years....................... 15,793 15,634 15,624 15,707 15,828 15,779 15,741 15,574 15,561 45 to 54 years....................... 16,178 16,284 16,426 16,135 16,307 16,206 16,329 16,270 16,370 55 years and over...................... 11,444 11,945 12,062 11,411 11,765 11,895 11,974 11,867 12,029 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present.................. 45,841 46,488 46,647 45,781 46,066 46,231 46,527 46,500 46,531 Married women, spouse present................ 35,123 36,101 36,169 35,192 35,536 35,728 36,167 36,037 36,194 Women who maintain families.................. 9,249 9,135 9,190 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers (2)........................ 118,925 119,609 120,846 119,034 120,965 120,819 121,035 120,348 120,997 Part-time workers (3)........................ 25,115 25,688 25,018 24,921 24,990 24,983 25,120 25,248 24,880 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders.................... 7,641 7,846 7,693 7,727 7,683 7,739 7,740 7,937 7,815 Percent of total employed................ 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over..................... 7,006 6,801 6,819 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 16 to 19 years............................. 1,022 1,075 1,095 14.1 15.0 14.9 14.5 15.3 15.7 16 to 17 years........................... 447 459 461 15.2 16.9 16.6 16.4 16.5 16.6 18 to 19 years........................... 585 639 644 13.6 13.7 13.7 13.3 15.0 15.4 20 years and over.......................... 5,984 5,726 5,724 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 20 to 24 years........................... 1,220 1,184 1,100 8.1 8.1 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.3 25 years and over........................ 4,735 4,537 4,607 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 25 to 54 years......................... 4,003 3,743 3,785 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 25 to 34 years....................... 1,573 1,442 1,495 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.5 35 to 44 years....................... 1,267 1,193 1,191 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 45 to 54 years....................... 1,163 1,108 1,099 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 55 years and over...................... 758 791 839 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 Men, 16 years and over....................... 3,856 3,732 3,760 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 16 to 19 years............................. 607 587 616 16.3 16.2 16.6 15.9 16.2 17.3 16 to 17 years........................... 263 241 249 17.7 17.0 19.3 17.6 17.2 18.5 18 to 19 years........................... 352 364 380 15.8 15.4 15.0 14.8 16.4 17.1 20 years and over.......................... 3,249 3,146 3,144 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 20 to 24 years........................... 738 694 695 9.1 8.4 8.2 8.1 8.6 8.6 25 years and over........................ 2,522 2,445 2,456 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 25 to 54 years......................... 2,107 1,998 1,984 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 25 to 34 years....................... 838 767 804 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.4 4.2 4.4 35 to 44 years....................... 629 624 585 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.0 45 to 54 years....................... 640 607 595 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2 55 years and over...................... 415 446 472 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 Women, 16 years and over..................... 3,150 3,069 3,059 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 16 to 19 years............................. 415 488 479 11.8 13.7 13.1 13.0 14.2 14.1 16 to 17 years........................... 184 218 212 12.6 16.8 13.8 15.1 15.9 14.9 18 to 19 years........................... 233 274 263 11.2 11.8 12.4 11.6 13.5 13.4 20 years and over.......................... 2,735 2,581 2,580 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 20 to 24 years........................... 482 491 405 6.9 7.7 6.4 6.9 7.0 5.8 25 years and over........................ 2,213 2,092 2,151 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 25 to 54 years......................... 1,895 1,745 1,801 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.8 25 to 34 years....................... 735 675 690 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.7 35 to 44 years....................... 638 569 607 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.8 45 to 54 years....................... 523 501 504 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 55 years and over (2).................. 310 311 333 2.6 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.7 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present.................. 1,173 1,214 1,239 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 Married women, spouse present................ 1,073 997 1,018 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 Women who maintain families (2).............. 619 605 617 6.3 6.6 6.5 6.7 6.2 6.3 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers (3)........................ 5,620 5,507 5,504 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Part-time workers (4)........................ 1,365 1,326 1,290 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.9 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.............................. 3,152 3,249 3,070 3,463 3,440 3,453 3,238 3,287 3,331 On temporary layoff........................ 708 954 750 955 1,021 1,022 863 1,022 1,004 Not on temporary layoff.................... 2,444 2,295 2,319 2,508 2,420 2,430 2,375 2,265 2,327 Permanent job losers..................... 1,780 1,625 1,665 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs..... 664 670 655 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers.................................. 810 713 705 876 797 816 755 748 764 Reentrants................................... 2,174 2,030 2,181 2,128 2,230 2,042 2,147 2,174 2,153 New entrants................................. 519 540 530 519 619 580 599 607 549 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................. 47.4 49.7 47.3 49.6 48.6 50.1 48.0 48.2 49.0 On temporary layoff....................... 10.6 14.6 11.6 13.7 14.4 14.8 12.8 15.0 14.8 Not on temporary layoff................... 36.7 35.1 35.8 35.9 34.1 35.3 35.2 33.2 34.2 Job leavers................................. 12.2 10.9 10.9 12.5 11.2 11.8 11.2 11.0 11.2 Reentrants.................................. 32.7 31.1 33.6 30.5 31.5 29.6 31.9 31.9 31.7 New entrants................................ 7.8 8.3 8.2 7.4 8.7 8.4 8.9 8.9 8.1 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................. 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 Job leavers................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Reentrants.................................. 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 New entrants................................ .3 .4 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks...................................... 2,526 2,141 2,428 2,517 2,642 2,600 2,327 2,432 2,450 5 to 14 weeks.......................................... 1,804 1,909 1,801 2,234 2,283 2,192 2,159 2,141 2,204 15 weeks and over...................................... 2,325 2,482 2,257 2,307 2,118 2,135 2,177 2,268 2,230 15 to 26 weeks...................................... 1,008 1,221 1,135 984 986 905 954 1,072 1,104 27 weeks and over................................... 1,317 1,261 1,122 1,323 1,133 1,230 1,223 1,196 1,126 Average (mean) duration, in weeks...................... 17.5 18.3 17.1 17.1 16.2 16.4 17.3 17.1 16.7 Median duration, in weeks.............................. 8.6 10.1 8.4 8.5 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.7 8.3 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.................................... 38.0 32.8 37.4 35.7 37.5 37.5 34.9 35.6 35.6 5 to 14 weeks........................................ 27.1 29.2 27.8 31.7 32.4 31.6 32.4 31.3 32.0 15 weeks and over.................................... 34.9 38.0 34.8 32.7 30.1 30.8 32.7 33.2 32.4 15 to 26 weeks..................................... 15.1 18.7 17.5 13.9 14.0 13.1 14.3 15.7 16.0 27 weeks and over.................................. 19.8 19.3 17.3 18.7 16.1 17.8 18.4 17.5 16.4 NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation May May May May May May 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 Total, 16 years and over (1)...................... 144,041 145,864 6,655 6,486 4.4 4.3 Management, professional, and related occupations...... 50,160 51,719 1,040 1,019 2.0 1.9 Management, business, and financial operations occupations......................................... 20,865 21,313 437 441 2.1 2.0 Professional and related occupations................. 29,294 30,406 603 578 2.0 1.9 Service occupations.................................... 24,041 24,337 1,384 1,432 5.4 5.6 Sales and office occupations........................... 36,002 35,983 1,650 1,528 4.4 4.1 Sales and related occupations........................ 16,950 16,705 760 772 4.3 4.4 Office and administrative support occupations........ 19,052 19,278 890 756 4.5 3.8 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations........................................... 15,722 15,661 940 969 5.6 5.8 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations........... 1,003 1,004 79 73 7.3 6.8 Construction and extraction occupations.............. 9,385 9,458 645 700 6.4 6.9 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.... 5,334 5,199 216 196 3.9 3.6 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations........................................... 18,117 18,165 1,086 985 5.7 5.1 Production occupations............................... 9,341 9,535 466 534 4.8 5.3 Transportation and material moving occupations....... 8,775 8,630 620 452 6.6 5.0 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry and class of worker (in thousands) May May May May 2006 2007 2006 2007 Total, 16 years and over (1).................... 6,655 6,486 4.4 4.3 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers........ 5,377 5,188 4.6 4.4 Mining............................................... 20 22 2.8 3.0 Construction......................................... 647 676 6.6 6.9 Manufacturing........................................ 680 651 4.1 3.9 Durable goods...................................... 372 443 3.5 4.1 Nondurable goods................................... 308 208 5.2 3.6 Wholesale and retail trade........................... 1,025 795 4.8 3.9 Transportation and utilities......................... 226 216 4.0 3.8 Information.......................................... 158 110 4.8 3.3 Financial activities................................. 289 281 3.0 2.9 Professional and business services................... 695 743 5.3 5.4 Education and health services........................ 543 622 2.9 3.3 Leisure and hospitality.............................. 830 831 7.0 6.8 Other services....................................... 265 242 4.2 3.9 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers............................................... 79 64 6.0 5.1 Government workers..................................... 429 428 2.1 1.9 Self employed and unpaid family workers................ 251 276 2.3 2.5 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force....................... 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.... 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate).......... 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers............................... 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.7 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers....................... 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................... 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.0 8.2 8.2 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category May May May May May May 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force........................... 77,732 79,130 29,407 30,054 48,326 49,076 Persons who currently want a job...................... 5,201 5,551 2,354 2,562 2,848 2,989 Searched for work and available to work now (1)..... 1,388 1,406 691 693 697 713 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 323 368 204 246 119 122 Reasons other than discouragement (3)........... 1,066 1,038 487 447 578 591 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4).......................... 7,641 7,693 3,863 3,835 3,778 3,858 Percent of total employed.......................... 5.3 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.7 5.7 Primary job full time, secondary job part time..... 3,881 4,121 2,164 2,316 1,718 1,805 Primary and secondary jobs both part time.......... 1,794 1,851 550 563 1,245 1,288 Primary and secondary jobs both full time.......... 334 327 244 220 90 107 Hours vary on primary or secondary job............. 1,594 1,334 885 711 710 623 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May from: 2006 2007 2007p 2007p 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007p 2007p Apr. 2007- May 2007p Total nonfarm......... 136,629 136,826 137,653 138,533 135,906 137,329 137,419 137,594 137,674 137,831 157 Total private........... 114,313 114,224 115,037 115,918 113,968 115,189 115,245 115,397 115,456 115,591 135 Goods-producing............. 22,667 22,072 22,259 22,499 22,593 22,554 22,465 22,497 22,458 22,439 -19 Natural resources and mining.... 681 701 709 718 680 706 711 715 717 717 0 Logging...................... 64.9 61.9 59.3 60.1 66.9 64.8 65.2 65.7 64.5 62.1 -2.4 Mining......................... 616.0 639.0 649.7 658.1 613.0 641.1 645.4 649.5 652.6 655.0 2.4 Oil and gas extraction........ 133.8 146.3 146.6 147.3 133.9 145.1 145.9 147.1 147.1 147.3 .2 Mining, except oil and gas (1)...................... 223.9 216.9 224.6 230.4 220.7 222.2 222.9 224.4 226.2 227.0 .8 Coal mining.................. 78.8 79.5 80.1 79.1 78.7 80.0 79.7 79.6 79.9 79.2 -.7 Support activities for mining. 258.3 275.8 278.5 280.4 258.4 273.8 276.6 278.0 279.3 280.7 1.4 Construction.................... 7,777 7,347 7,524 7,739 7,698 7,718 7,641 7,692 7,671 7,671 0 Construction of buildings..... 1,814.7 1,743.2 1,752.4 1,783.9 1,812.8 1,801.4 1,791.7 1,797.1 1,785.2 1,782.8 -2.4 Residential building......... 1,021.3 969.9 977.0 997.2 1,018.6 1,005.4 1,000.3 1,000.5 997.0 996.2 -.8 Nonresidential building...... 793.4 773.3 775.4 786.7 794.2 796.0 791.4 796.6 788.2 786.6 -1.6 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 1,007.2 919.7 971.6 1,027.0 980.4 1,003.8 993.2 1,001.7 1,000.8 1,001.1 .3 Specialty trade contractors... 4,954.7 4,683.8 4,799.5 4,928.0 4,904.6 4,912.5 4,856.1 4,893.1 4,884.8 4,887.0 2.2 Residential specialty trade contractors................. 2,442.9 2,206.3 2,264.6 2,330.4 2,417.0 2,326.1 2,299.0 2,310.7 2,309.1 2,308.6 -.5 Nonresidential specialty trade contractors........... 2,511.8 2,477.5 2,534.9 2,597.6 2,487.6 2,586.4 2,557.1 2,582.4 2,575.7 2,578.4 2.7 Manufacturing................... 14,209 14,024 14,026 14,042 14,215 14,130 14,113 14,090 14,070 14,051 -19 Production workers........... 10,182 10,038 10,055 10,083 10,186 10,121 10,114 10,096 10,089 10,088 -1 Durable goods.................. 9,028 8,902 8,912 8,912 9,016 8,952 8,943 8,928 8,917 8,902 -15 Production workers........... 6,396 6,290 6,310 6,320 6,385 6,325 6,326 6,313 6,310 6,310 0 Wood products................. 570.1 522.1 524.2 529.7 568.8 539.4 532.6 530.6 528.9 528.3 -.6 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 512.7 490.1 495.5 502.7 509.0 504.1 501.9 500.9 498.9 499.3 .4 Primary metals................ 464.6 453.5 454.9 454.8 464.6 454.9 454.4 453.9 454.3 454.8 .5 Fabricated metal products..... 1,549.0 1,559.9 1,563.8 1,562.1 1,550.4 1,566.2 1,566.1 1,563.9 1,565.2 1,563.5 -1.7 Machinery..................... 1,185.5 1,218.5 1,215.5 1,217.2 1,183.6 1,213.3 1,215.4 1,217.9 1,215.0 1,215.6 .6 Computer and electronic products (1)................. 1,315.0 1,308.6 1,307.0 1,306.9 1,316.4 1,319.4 1,317.5 1,313.5 1,310.1 1,308.1 -2.0 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 199.2 196.6 198.1 198.6 198.6 196.4 197.8 197.8 198.9 197.8 -1.1 Communications equipment..... 145.9 143.5 143.9 143.0 145.9 143.7 143.7 143.7 143.5 142.6 -.9 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 461.0 465.8 464.9 464.3 461.9 470.5 468.8 467.8 465.5 465.2 -.3 Electronic instruments....... 436.8 432.9 432.2 433.4 437.8 437.5 436.8 434.4 433.9 434.7 .8 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 435.5 437.2 436.8 437.4 435.8 437.3 436.4 437.3 437.7 437.4 -.3 Transportation equipment (1).. 1,781.3 1,722.9 1,721.5 1,709.9 1,774.1 1,722.3 1,724.4 1,717.9 1,714.4 1,704.7 -9.7 Motor vehicles and parts (2). 1,089.3 1,028.0 1,021.2 1,010.6 1,080.2 1,023.5 1,025.1 1,022.1 1,013.7 1,003.8 -9.9 Furniture and related products 565.6 531.9 534.4 534.8 563.3 536.6 535.8 533.5 533.7 532.4 -1.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 648.5 657.2 658.0 656.1 650.1 658.2 658.9 658.9 659.1 657.7 -1.4 Nondurable goods............... 5,181 5,122 5,114 5,130 5,199 5,178 5,170 5,162 5,153 5,149 -4 Production workers........... 3,786 3,748 3,745 3,763 3,801 3,796 3,788 3,783 3,779 3,778 -1 Food manufacturing............ 1,460.8 1,468.4 1,464.6 1,473.4 1,482.2 1,493.9 1,492.8 1,495.0 1,494.5 1,494.6 .1 Beverages and tobacco products 192.2 192.1 193.7 197.4 193.7 197.0 197.8 197.3 197.9 198.5 .6 Textile mills................. 200.4 177.5 174.9 174.2 199.2 182.3 179.1 177.3 174.8 173.3 -1.5 Textile product mills......... 161.2 156.7 158.1 156.5 160.2 158.6 157.9 156.7 156.6 155.5 -1.1 Apparel....................... 242.0 224.0 222.4 220.9 240.2 227.7 225.2 223.7 221.7 219.6 -2.1 Leather and allied products... 38.0 36.9 36.1 36.2 37.7 36.5 36.4 36.6 36.1 35.9 -.2 Paper and paper products...... 470.9 455.7 454.8 455.2 471.8 462.4 460.5 457.4 457.2 456.1 -1.1 Printing and related support activities................... 635.8 632.0 629.3 632.5 635.4 634.7 634.6 633.5 631.4 632.4 1.0 Petroleum and coal products... 113.5 115.3 116.6 120.1 113.1 117.4 117.4 118.2 117.7 119.5 1.8 Chemicals..................... 864.1 870.6 870.2 866.6 864.8 872.1 872.5 870.6 869.7 867.6 -2.1 Plastics and rubber products.. 801.6 792.5 793.3 797.0 800.6 795.8 795.7 795.2 795.0 795.9 .9 Service-providing........... 113,962 114,754 115,394 116,034 113,313 114,775 114,954 115,097 115,216 115,392 176 Private service-providing.. 91,646 92,152 92,778 93,419 91,375 92,635 92,780 92,900 92,998 93,152 154 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 26,148 26,152 26,230 26,387 26,194 26,378 26,393 26,436 26,430 26,440 10 Wholesale trade................ 5,905.4 5,933.7 5,968.7 6,001.3 5,889.5 5,949.0 5,960.0 5,961.3 5,976.7 5,985.8 9.1 Durable goods................. 3,072.6 3,103.1 3,119.8 3,134.7 3,070.2 3,102.5 3,112.0 3,114.0 3,123.8 3,132.6 8.8 Nondurable goods.............. 2,049.3 2,036.2 2,046.6 2,059.5 2,038.8 2,050.5 2,049.7 2,050.1 2,050.3 2,049.8 -.5 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 783.5 794.4 802.3 807.1 780.5 796.0 798.3 797.2 802.6 803.4 .8 Retail trade...................15,230.3 15,187.8 15,205.6 15,298.1 15,302.8 15,357.5 15,364.6 15,403.7 15,379.0 15,374.1 -4.9 Motor vehicle and parts dealers (1).................. 1,911.3 1,894.5 1,911.1 1,913.2 1,908.4 1,906.8 1,910.3 1,907.2 1,912.4 1,910.4 -2.0 Automobile dealers........... 1,245.4 1,238.5 1,246.2 1,246.4 1,246.6 1,244.1 1,244.9 1,243.5 1,247.6 1,247.5 -.1 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 585.3 579.4 581.5 580.1 589.4 588.1 587.6 585.6 586.7 585.5 -1.2 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 530.9 537.3 535.9 527.8 541.9 535.3 538.2 538.4 541.1 537.7 -3.4 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,388.4 1,290.7 1,345.5 1,373.9 1,328.4 1,318.0 1,323.4 1,313.8 1,315.0 1,315.5 .5 Food and beverage stores...... 2,816.3 2,827.4 2,830.9 2,856.8 2,820.1 2,844.0 2,849.9 2,856.3 2,856.0 2,859.2 3.2 Health and personal care stores....................... 953.4 961.6 961.5 965.2 955.6 964.1 964.8 966.5 969.1 967.6 -1.5 Gasoline stations............. 860.1 844.4 845.9 856.0 856.9 853.7 852.9 854.5 851.9 852.5 .6 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,375.9 1,400.5 1,408.9 1,412.6 1,414.3 1,446.9 1,445.1 1,449.7 1,457.3 1,458.2 .9 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 628.4 640.2 638.8 640.4 644.9 655.8 654.9 653.9 655.7 656.1 .4 General merchandise stores (1)................... 2,875.0 2,915.8 2,853.7 2,863.3 2,926.3 2,923.9 2,917.3 2,956.4 2,913.4 2,910.0 -3.4 Department stores.............. 1,511.5 1,535.2 1,509.9 1,510.9 1,558.3 1,568.7 1,565.3 1,570.6 1,559.6 1,555.5 -4.1 Miscellaneous store retailers. 890.0 864.0 865.2 882.6 886.6 880.3 880.2 880.3 879.0 878.7 -.3 Nonstore retailers............ 415.3 432.0 426.7 426.2 430.0 440.6 440.0 441.1 441.4 442.7 1.3 Transportation and warehousing. 4,463.6 4,482.8 4,505.0 4,533.1 4,453.1 4,522.6 4,519.6 4,520.8 4,522.4 4,527.0 4.6 Air transportation............ 485.9 482.3 489.1 488.5 485.4 490.8 485.5 485.5 488.9 486.7 -2.2 Rail transportation........... 226.3 227.6 228.4 228.4 225.8 227.9 228.9 229.1 228.5 227.8 -.7 Water transportation.......... 63.5 65.5 66.6 69.1 62.6 67.1 68.1 68.0 67.3 68.4 1.1 Truck transportation.......... 1,427.4 1,430.3 1,437.1 1,454.8 1,431.6 1,457.9 1,454.7 1,457.2 1,454.6 1,459.5 4.9 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 417.8 404.5 406.4 412.9 397.1 391.6 393.3 390.3 390.3 392.0 1.7 Pipeline transportation....... 38.7 40.8 40.3 41.3 38.8 40.3 40.6 41.0 40.5 41.4 .9 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 28.4 21.5 24.0 27.6 27.4 27.8 28.0 27.3 27.1 26.6 -.5 Support activities for transportation............... 569.6 577.8 582.4 580.0 571.1 575.9 579.4 579.6 581.4 581.4 .0 Couriers and messengers....... 579.8 586.0 584.8 583.7 579.9 593.0 590.6 591.0 589.8 587.3 -2.5 Warehousing and storage....... 626.2 646.5 645.9 646.8 633.4 650.3 650.5 651.8 654.0 655.9 1.9 Utilities...................... 548.8 547.7 550.6 554.0 548.8 549.0 549.0 550.1 551.4 553.0 1.6 Information..................... 3,053 3,078 3,089 3,105 3,048 3,071 3,084 3,086 3,095 3,100 5 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 900.2 906.6 903.0 905.3 903.9 907.0 907.8 907.4 905.9 908.6 2.7 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 378.2 380.7 388.2 399.0 372.0 378.2 385.2 387.1 393.8 393.0 -.8 Broadcasting, except Internet. 329.7 336.0 337.1 335.8 331.0 335.3 337.4 337.1 337.6 337.0 -.6 Internet publishing and broadcasting................. 34.4 38.8 40.1 41.3 34.2 36.9 37.9 39.0 40.0 41.0 1.0 Telecommunications............ 974.1 972.9 975.2 974.5 972.7 975.6 976.2 973.0 974.4 973.5 -.9 ISPs, search portals, and data processing................... 384.0 391.1 393.0 396.9 382.8 386.1 387.3 390.0 391.6 395.0 3.4 Other information services.... 51.9 52.3 51.9 52.3 51.6 51.9 51.9 52.3 51.9 52.0 .1 Financial activities............ 8,348 8,414 8,415 8,430 8,352 8,440 8,446 8,445 8,438 8,440 2 Finance and insurance.......... 6,170.1 6,243.4 6,225.7 6,229.2 6,174.7 6,238.9 6,244.4 6,242.6 6,231.9 6,238.2 6.3 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 21.2 22.1 22.1 22.2 21.3 21.7 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 .1 Credit intermediation and related activities (1)....... 2,933.7 2,957.8 2,939.0 2,938.9 2,934.8 2,961.5 2,962.8 2,957.6 2,941.9 2,942.6 .7 Depository credit intermediation (1).......... 1,800.5 1,824.0 1,813.4 1,819.3 1,800.8 1,824.3 1,823.1 1,824.3 1,816.8 1,820.5 3.7 Commercial banking.......... 1,315.8 1,335.9 1,325.3 1,330.1 1,316.2 1,336.9 1,334.7 1,335.2 1,328.1 1,331.7 3.6 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 810.6 834.2 833.4 838.1 813.5 831.0 831.4 834.5 836.2 842.1 5.9 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,312.1 2,333.7 2,336.9 2,335.6 2,312.7 2,329.6 2,333.2 2,333.4 2,336.9 2,336.5 -.4 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 92.5 95.6 94.3 94.4 92.4 95.1 95.0 95.0 94.7 94.7 .0 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 2,178.2 2,170.9 2,189.6 2,200.9 2,177.3 2,201.5 2,202.0 2,202.5 2,205.8 2,202.1 -3.7 Real estate................... 1,498.4 1,504.4 1,514.8 1,521.3 1,501.3 1,518.5 1,518.4 1,523.5 1,524.1 1,525.5 1.4 Rental and leasing services... 651.9 635.9 644.0 648.0 648.1 651.9 652.4 647.9 650.6 645.1 -5.5 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 27.9 30.6 30.8 31.6 27.9 31.1 31.2 31.1 31.1 31.5 .4 Professional and business services....................... 17,500 17,626 17,796 17,877 17,499 17,804 17,840 17,834 17,855 17,887 32 Professional and technical services (1).................. 7,272.8 7,621.5 7,644.5 7,539.7 7,337.6 7,515.6 7,544.3 7,553.7 7,580.1 7,607.1 27.0 Legal services............... 1,166.5 1,171.3 1,174.2 1,173.8 1,171.8 1,176.2 1,178.8 1,178.1 1,180.2 1,179.5 -.7 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 831.4 1,041.2 1,029.0 884.6 881.0 922.1 927.8 924.4 928.2 935.0 6.8 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,379.0 1,402.6 1,411.9 1,432.2 1,380.6 1,419.2 1,422.7 1,424.0 1,426.3 1,433.5 7.2 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,270.7 1,316.1 1,326.1 1,333.8 1,274.1 1,305.2 1,311.1 1,319.7 1,329.0 1,336.8 7.8 Management and technical consulting services......... 909.1 967.3 975.4 977.1 911.3 958.1 967.1 970.5 978.0 979.5 1.5 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,806.4 1,827.9 1,837.6 1,844.3 1,802.1 1,830.8 1,836.7 1,837.1 1,840.2 1,841.4 1.2 Administrative and waste services...................... 8,420.8 8,176.6 8,314.1 8,492.9 8,359.2 8,457.3 8,458.9 8,443.5 8,435.1 8,438.4 3.3 Administrative and support services (1)................. 8,072.8 7,831.7 7,964.4 8,138.1 8,012.1 8,106.1 8,107.4 8,092.5 8,083.2 8,084.6 1.4 Employment services (1)...... 3,644.8 3,500.0 3,499.2 3,580.7 3,662.3 3,667.1 3,651.6 3,637.1 3,612.4 3,605.8 -6.6 Temporary help services..... 2,640.8 2,505.6 2,541.8 2,596.2 2,646.3 2,641.8 2,629.2 2,621.2 2,618.4 2,609.5 -8.9 Business support services.... 787.0 807.2 802.4 795.3 786.1 803.6 803.3 801.9 799.8 796.9 -2.9 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,868.4 1,697.8 1,828.7 1,905.5 1,795.9 1,812.1 1,823.8 1,819.7 1,829.2 1,831.1 1.9 Waste management and remediation services......... 348.0 344.9 349.7 354.8 347.1 351.2 351.5 351.0 351.9 353.8 1.9 Education and health services... 17,857 18,339 18,408 18,393 17,776 18,102 18,138 18,188 18,246 18,300 54 Educational services........... 2,968.5 3,133.6 3,134.6 3,062.1 2,906.9 2,959.5 2,955.9 2,972.4 2,977.4 2,995.4 18.0 Health care and social assistance....................14,888.1 15,205.7 15,273.8 15,330.8 14,869.5 15,142.6 15,181.7 15,215.9 15,268.6 15,304.4 35.8 Health care (3)...............12,552.0 12,836.3 12,880.1 12,916.8 12,565.2 12,801.2 12,837.5 12,861.4 12,902.6 12,927.9 25.3 Ambulatory health care services (1)................ 5,261.3 5,400.3 5,425.2 5,448.0 5,262.2 5,375.3 5,395.6 5,409.2 5,431.7 5,447.8 16.1 Offices of physicians....... 2,141.7 2,199.7 2,206.1 2,211.9 2,145.2 2,187.4 2,196.7 2,204.3 2,211.8 2,214.8 3.0 Outpatient care centers..... 488.3 495.2 496.7 497.0 487.6 494.1 496.8 494.8 496.3 496.9 .6 Home health care services... 864.4 904.6 905.8 912.1 862.5 896.4 901.1 904.1 907.0 910.3 3.3 Hospitals.................... 4,403.8 4,482.7 4,487.0 4,497.3 4,413.0 4,478.3 4,484.4 4,490.8 4,498.2 4,506.4 8.2 Nursing and residential care facilities (1).............. 2,886.9 2,953.3 2,967.9 2,971.5 2,890.0 2,947.6 2,957.5 2,961.4 2,972.7 2,973.7 1.0 Nursing care facilities..... 1,581.5 1,600.3 1,605.2 1,602.1 1,583.9 1,600.1 1,605.7 1,603.9 1,608.2 1,604.5 -3.7 Social assistance (1)......... 2,336.1 2,369.4 2,393.7 2,414.0 2,304.3 2,341.4 2,344.2 2,354.5 2,366.0 2,376.5 10.5 Child day care services...... 833.0 818.7 828.2 834.5 812.0 804.3 802.7 804.9 809.3 811.2 1.9 Leisure and hospitality......... 13,286 13,095 13,361 13,722 13,074 13,396 13,425 13,449 13,461 13,507 46 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,999.5 1,799.7 1,896.9 2,047.3 1,921.6 1,960.4 1,963.3 1,963.2 1,949.3 1,968.6 19.3 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 417.2 383.0 408.1 420.7 400.3 408.0 406.0 405.9 402.3 404.2 1.9 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 128.3 119.0 126.2 135.5 124.2 127.7 127.5 128.2 128.9 130.8 1.9 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,454.0 1,297.7 1,362.6 1,491.1 1,397.1 1,424.7 1,429.8 1,429.1 1,418.1 1,433.6 15.5 Accommodations and food services......................11,286.4 11,294.9 11,464.2 11,674.9 11,151.9 11,435.8 11,461.3 11,486.0 11,511.8 11,538.1 26.3 Accommodations................ 1,817.1 1,805.7 1,809.5 1,838.8 1,821.0 1,858.1 1,860.3 1,860.0 1,854.6 1,846.4 -8.2 Food services and drinking places....................... 9,469.3 9,489.2 9,654.7 9,836.1 9,330.9 9,577.7 9,601.0 9,626.0 9,657.2 9,691.7 34.5 Other services.................. 5,454 5,448 5,479 5,505 5,432 5,444 5,454 5,462 5,473 5,478 5 Repair and maintenance........ 1,257.7 1,257.0 1,262.0 1,269.8 1,252.0 1,246.3 1,248.9 1,255.9 1,256.7 1,261.4 4.7 Personal and laundry services. 1,297.8 1,283.3 1,300.0 1,316.7 1,281.1 1,285.8 1,290.3 1,290.8 1,294.9 1,298.2 3.3 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,898.8 2,907.5 2,916.9 2,918.6 2,899.1 2,912.3 2,915.2 2,915.7 2,921.8 2,918.8 -3.0 Government...................... 22,316 22,602 22,616 22,615 21,938 22,140 22,174 22,197 22,218 22,240 22 Federal........................ 2,728 2,700 2,707 2,716 2,729 2,718 2,718 2,716 2,716 2,716 0 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,961.1 1,938.4 1,944.5 1,950.5 1,958.8 1,951.1 1,951.8 1,949.7 1,949.9 1,948.2 -1.7 U.S. Postal Service........... 766.7 761.8 762.0 765.0 770.4 767.1 766.5 766.5 766.5 767.5 1.0 State government............... 5,119 5,277 5,279 5,190 5,073 5,117 5,133 5,134 5,138 5,144 6 State government education.... 2,333.3 2,474.1 2,473.1 2,375.1 2,291.0 2,311.4 2,324.0 2,324.5 2,327.9 2,332.1 4.2 State government, excluding education.................... 2,785.2 2,802.9 2,805.6 2,814.8 2,782.1 2,805.7 2,809.4 2,809.2 2,810.2 2,811.7 1.5 Local government............... 14,469 14,625 14,630 14,709 14,136 14,305 14,323 14,347 14,364 14,380 16 Local government education.... 8,246.1 8,406.8 8,381.2 8,395.3 7,905.5 8,018.7 8,025.1 8,044.1 8,049.3 8,061.6 12.3 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,222.8 6,218.2 6,249.0 6,313.9 6,230.6 6,286.4 6,298.0 6,302.9 6,314.3 6,318.3 4.0 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May from: 2006 2007 2007p 2007p 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007p 2007p Apr. 2007- May 2007p Total private......................... 33.7 33.7 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.9 33.8 33.9 0.1 Goods-producing........................... 40.4 40.4 40.3 40.6 40.3 40.2 40.2 40.6 40.4 40.5 .1 Natural resources and mining.................. 45.2 45.4 45.8 45.9 44.9 45.0 45.9 45.9 45.9 45.8 -.1 Construction.................................. 38.8 38.7 38.4 39.4 38.5 38.7 38.4 39.0 38.8 39.0 .2 Manufacturing................................. 41.2 41.1 41.0 41.1 41.1 40.9 40.9 41.2 41.1 41.0 -.1 Overtime hours............................. 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 -.1 Durable goods................................ 41.5 41.3 41.2 41.3 41.5 41.1 41.1 41.4 41.2 41.2 .0 Overtime hours............................. 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 -.1 Wood products............................... 40.4 39.2 39.5 39.9 40.0 38.7 39.1 39.5 39.5 39.5 .0 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 43.3 41.8 42.1 42.8 43.0 42.0 41.6 42.4 42.2 42.4 .2 Primary metals.............................. 43.6 43.2 43.0 42.3 43.6 42.8 43.0 43.2 42.9 42.5 -.4 Fabricated metal products................... 41.4 41.5 41.3 41.4 41.3 41.0 41.1 41.6 41.4 41.3 -.1 Machinery................................... 42.5 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.4 41.8 42.3 42.3 42.4 42.3 -.1 Computer and electronic products............ 40.4 40.4 40.3 40.2 40.5 40.3 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.3 -.2 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 40.9 40.7 41.1 40.9 41.1 40.7 40.9 40.9 41.0 41.0 .0 Transportation equipment.................... 43.1 43.0 42.5 42.9 43.0 42.8 42.5 42.8 42.3 42.7 .4 Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 42.8 42.5 41.9 42.6 42.5 42.0 41.5 42.4 41.8 42.2 .4 Furniture and related products.............. 38.5 38.8 38.5 38.3 38.8 38.9 38.8 38.9 38.7 38.6 -.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.7 38.7 38.6 38.3 38.6 38.5 37.9 38.5 38.6 38.3 -.3 Nondurable goods............................. 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.9 40.9 40.8 -.1 Overtime hours............................. 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 -.1 Food manufacturing.......................... 39.8 40.5 40.1 40.2 39.9 40.4 40.5 41.0 40.6 40.4 -.2 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 41.5 40.3 41.8 41.5 41.0 40.8 40.5 40.7 41.2 41.0 -.2 Textile mills............................... 40.4 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.4 40.6 40.7 40.5 40.4 40.6 .2 Textile product mills....................... 40.1 39.8 39.7 39.5 40.4 39.3 39.5 39.6 39.8 39.7 -.1 Apparel..................................... 36.7 36.9 37.5 37.6 36.6 37.5 37.0 36.7 37.4 37.5 .1 Leather and allied products................. 39.3 38.1 37.7 38.6 39.2 38.2 38.0 37.9 37.7 38.4 .7 Paper and paper products.................... 43.1 42.7 42.9 42.8 43.1 42.5 42.4 43.1 43.0 42.8 -.2 Printing and related support activities..... 38.9 39.4 39.3 38.9 39.2 39.2 39.4 39.3 39.4 39.2 -.2 Petroleum and coal products................. 45.2 43.9 44.4 44.5 45.3 45.3 45.1 44.7 44.7 44.6 -.1 Chemicals................................... 42.2 41.9 42.3 42.1 42.3 41.8 41.8 41.9 42.2 42.2 .0 Plastics and rubber products................ 40.6 40.9 41.3 41.2 40.6 40.8 40.4 40.9 41.2 41.1 -.1 Private service-providing................ 32.2 32.2 32.6 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.5 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.3 33.1 33.3 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3 33.4 .1 Wholesale trade.............................. 37.8 37.9 38.6 38.3 37.9 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.2 38.3 .1 Retail trade................................. 30.4 29.9 30.0 30.1 30.4 30.4 30.2 30.2 30.1 30.2 .1 Transportation and warehousing............... 36.6 36.9 36.9 37.1 36.7 37.1 37.1 37.2 36.9 37.2 .3 Utilities.................................... 41.4 42.2 42.4 42.5 41.3 41.9 42.3 42.5 42.3 42.4 .1 Information................................... 36.1 36.4 36.9 36.0 36.5 36.5 36.6 36.7 36.5 36.4 -.1 Financial activities.......................... 35.2 35.7 36.6 35.6 35.5 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 .0 Professional and business services............ 34.3 34.6 35.2 34.7 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8 .0 Education and health services................. 32.3 32.4 32.7 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.6 32.6 32.6 .0 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.4 25.3 25.6 25.3 25.6 25.6 25.5 25.6 25.5 25.5 .0 Other services................................ 30.8 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.9 30.7 31.0 30.9 30.9 .0 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May 2006 2007 2007p 2007p 2006 2007 2007p 2007p Total private........................... $16.62 $17.22 $17.33 $17.27 $560.09 $580.31 $587.49 $583.73 Seasonally adjusted.................... 16.66 17.21 17.24 17.30 563.11 583.42 582.71 586.47 Goods-producing............................. 17.89 18.35 18.47 18.59 722.76 741.34 744.34 754.75 Natural resources and mining.................... 19.75 20.85 20.96 21.02 892.70 946.59 959.97 964.82 Construction.................................... 19.78 20.53 20.60 20.81 767.46 794.51 791.04 819.91 Manufacturing................................... 16.74 17.06 17.19 17.17 689.69 701.17 704.79 705.69 Durable goods.................................. 17.58 18.01 18.11 18.11 729.57 743.81 746.13 747.94 Wood products................................. 13.32 13.58 13.58 13.63 538.13 532.34 536.41 543.84 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.59 16.95 16.87 17.06 718.35 708.51 710.23 730.17 Primary metals................................ 19.13 19.33 19.69 19.59 834.07 835.06 846.67 828.66 Fabricated metal products..................... 16.09 16.35 16.41 16.42 666.13 678.53 677.73 679.79 Machinery..................................... 17.03 17.68 17.72 17.67 723.78 749.63 751.33 749.21 Computer and electronic products.............. 18.67 19.62 19.84 19.97 754.27 792.65 799.55 802.79 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.42 15.91 15.91 15.94 630.68 647.54 653.90 651.95 Transportation equipment...................... 22.39 22.62 22.86 22.84 965.01 972.66 971.55 979.84 Furniture and related products................ 13.68 14.29 14.38 14.39 526.68 554.45 553.63 551.14 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.40 14.57 14.54 14.49 557.28 563.86 561.24 554.97 Nondurable goods............................... 15.29 15.45 15.63 15.57 619.25 628.82 637.70 633.70 Food manufacturing............................ 13.12 13.36 13.47 13.53 522.18 541.08 540.15 543.91 Beverages and tobacco products................ 18.17 18.49 18.49 18.43 754.06 745.15 772.88 764.85 Textile mills................................. 12.41 12.81 12.95 12.85 501.36 520.09 525.77 521.71 Textile product mills......................... 12.03 11.93 11.82 11.82 482.40 474.81 469.25 466.89 Apparel....................................... 10.59 10.70 10.81 10.91 388.65 394.83 405.38 410.22 Leather and allied products................... 11.46 11.81 11.85 11.80 450.38 449.96 446.75 455.48 Paper and paper products...................... 17.90 18.16 18.46 18.23 771.49 775.43 791.93 780.24 Printing and related support activities....... 15.77 15.87 16.03 15.97 613.45 625.28 629.98 621.23 Petroleum and coal products................... 24.09 24.66 25.00 24.44 1088.87 1082.57 1110.00 1087.58 Chemicals..................................... 19.54 19.46 19.69 19.45 824.59 815.37 832.89 818.85 Plastics and rubber products.................. 14.87 15.19 15.31 15.30 603.72 621.27 632.30 630.36 Private service-providing.................. 16.27 16.92 17.04 16.92 523.89 544.82 555.50 546.52 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.30 15.66 15.81 15.69 509.49 518.35 526.47 524.05 Wholesale trade................................ 18.71 19.24 19.52 19.29 707.24 729.20 753.47 738.81 Retail trade................................... 12.56 12.74 12.84 12.76 381.82 380.93 385.20 384.08 Transportation and warehousing................. 17.07 17.51 17.55 17.49 624.76 646.12 647.60 648.88 Utilities...................................... 27.29 27.73 27.88 27.76 1129.81 1170.21 1182.11 1179.80 Information..................................... 23.05 23.74 23.97 23.81 832.11 864.14 884.49 857.16 Financial activities............................ 18.59 19.49 19.68 19.51 654.37 695.79 720.29 694.56 Professional and business services.............. 18.88 19.88 20.10 19.91 647.58 687.85 707.52 690.88 Education and health services................... 17.26 17.79 17.79 17.85 557.50 576.40 581.73 578.34 Leisure and hospitality......................... 9.70 10.23 10.24 10.26 246.38 258.82 262.14 259.58 Other services.................................. 14.75 15.11 15.20 15.16 454.30 465.39 469.68 466.93 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May change from: 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007p 2007p Apr. 2007- May 2007p Total private: Current dollars........................ $16.66 $17.10 $17.16 $17.21 $17.24 $17.30 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.17 8.36 8.36 8.32 8.29 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 17.93 18.34 18.37 18.45 18.52 18.60 .4 Natural resources and mining.................... 19.77 20.60 20.77 20.77 20.85 21.01 .8 Construction.................................... 19.87 20.55 20.57 20.68 20.71 20.88 .8 Manufacturing................................... 16.77 16.98 17.03 17.09 17.18 17.19 .1 Excluding overtime (4)....................... 15.90 16.17 16.22 16.24 16.34 16.37 .2 Durable goods.................................. 17.62 17.90 17.96 18.03 18.13 18.14 .1 Nondurable goods............................... 15.30 15.44 15.47 15.49 15.58 15.58 .0 Private service-providing.................. 16.32 16.77 16.84 16.88 16.90 16.96 .4 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.31 15.59 15.61 15.66 15.68 15.69 .1 Wholesale trade................................ 18.79 19.25 19.22 19.32 19.36 19.38 .1 Retail trade................................... 12.53 12.69 12.71 12.72 12.72 12.73 .1 Transportation and warehousing................. 17.16 17.49 17.50 17.54 17.56 17.59 .2 Utilities...................................... 27.29 27.40 27.50 27.66 27.70 27.74 .1 Information..................................... 23.09 23.72 23.77 23.83 23.88 23.88 .0 Financial activities............................ 18.66 19.32 19.42 19.51 19.55 19.59 .2 Professional and business services.............. 18.94 19.63 19.80 19.83 19.81 19.96 .8 Education and health services................... 17.30 17.74 17.75 17.78 17.79 17.89 .6 Leisure and hospitality......................... 9.70 10.08 10.16 10.19 10.23 10.25 .2 Other services.................................. 14.71 15.03 15.06 15.07 15.09 15.12 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.4 percent from Mar. 2007 to Apr. 2007, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May change from: 2006 2007 2007p 2007p 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007p 2007p Apr. 2007- May 2007p Total private......................... 105.4 105.4 106.8 107.6 105.4 106.7 106.4 107.3 107.0 107.5 0.5 Goods-producing........................... 103.0 99.7 100.6 102.9 102.4 101.8 101.2 102.6 101.9 102.2 .3 Natural resources and mining.................. 123.7 127.6 130.0 132.7 123.1 127.2 131.2 132.0 132.0 132.4 .3 Construction.................................. 116.4 108.1 110.4 117.5 114.3 114.6 111.9 115.2 114.1 114.9 .7 Manufacturing................................. 96.3 94.7 94.6 95.1 96.1 95.0 94.9 95.5 95.2 94.9 -.3 Durable goods................................ 99.7 97.6 97.7 98.1 99.6 97.7 97.7 98.2 97.7 97.7 .0 Wood products............................... 104.0 89.7 91.1 93.3 102.9 91.8 91.7 92.1 92.1 92.2 .1 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 102.1 92.7 94.7 97.9 100.6 96.6 94.8 96.4 95.5 96.2 .7 Primary metals.............................. 94.6 91.3 91.3 89.9 94.5 90.7 91.3 91.2 90.9 90.2 -.8 Fabricated metal products................... 102.7 104.0 103.7 104.2 102.6 103.0 103.4 104.5 104.1 104.2 .1 Machinery................................... 102.9 105.6 105.1 105.5 102.5 103.7 105.2 105.3 105.0 105.1 .1 Computer and electronic products............ 103.8 104.1 103.6 103.1 104.1 104.5 104.6 104.5 104.3 103.4 -.9 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 88.6 89.8 90.8 90.4 89.2 89.0 89.9 90.4 90.7 90.7 .0 Transportation equipment.................... 101.8 98.3 97.8 98.0 101.0 97.9 97.3 97.6 96.6 97.0 .4 Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 96.2 88.6 87.1 87.1 94.7 87.3 86.3 87.9 86.0 85.8 -.2 Furniture and related products.............. 91.4 86.0 85.8 85.6 91.7 87.0 86.6 86.6 86.1 85.7 -.5 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 90.3 92.0 92.4 91.9 90.5 91.7 90.5 92.1 92.7 92.2 -.5 Nondurable goods............................. 90.3 89.8 90.0 90.2 90.9 90.8 90.6 91.1 91.0 90.8 -.2 Food manufacturing.......................... 96.2 99.3 97.9 99.0 98.3 101.0 101.2 102.7 101.6 101.3 -.3 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 98.7 98.6 103.4 104.9 99.2 101.4 101.8 102.6 104.8 104.9 .1 Textile mills............................... 66.4 59.7 58.6 58.4 66.0 61.2 60.2 59.4 58.3 58.1 -.3 Textile product mills....................... 87.1 81.2 81.5 80.5 86.7 81.9 81.4 80.8 81.1 80.1 -1.2 Apparel..................................... 63.9 61.7 62.3 62.4 63.2 63.5 62.1 61.3 62.0 61.6 -.6 Leather and allied products................. 77.6 74.5 71.7 74.7 76.4 73.7 72.6 73.4 71.5 73.1 2.2 Paper and paper products.................... 87.2 84.0 84.1 83.8 87.4 85.2 84.5 85.2 84.9 84.1 -.9 Printing and related support activities..... 92.0 93.8 92.6 92.0 92.7 93.9 94.2 93.9 93.2 92.7 -.5 Petroleum and coal products................. 99.7 91.0 94.8 100.2 99.3 97.1 96.2 95.4 96.5 99.2 2.8 Chemicals................................... 96.1 94.0 95.6 95.0 96.0 93.8 94.0 94.0 95.1 94.8 -.3 Plastics and rubber products................ 94.0 93.8 95.3 95.6 93.7 94.1 93.1 94.2 95.1 95.1 .0 Private service-providing................ 106.0 106.6 108.7 108.7 106.0 108.0 108.1 108.6 108.4 109.0 .6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 102.4 101.8 102.7 103.8 102.6 103.7 103.4 104.0 103.6 104.0 .4 Wholesale trade.............................. 105.4 106.1 108.9 108.8 105.3 106.8 107.3 107.7 107.9 108.4 .5 Retail trade................................. 99.9 98.3 98.7 99.8 100.6 101.1 100.5 100.9 100.3 100.7 .4 Transportation and warehousing............... 107.1 107.6 108.3 109.5 106.9 109.5 109.4 109.6 108.7 109.5 .7 Utilities.................................... 93.9 94.8 95.6 96.3 93.7 94.7 95.3 96.0 95.6 95.9 .3 Information................................... 99.4 101.1 102.8 101.3 100.4 101.0 101.7 102.2 102.0 102.3 .3 Financial activities.......................... 106.0 109.2 112.0 109.4 106.9 110.3 110.4 110.6 110.6 110.7 .1 Professional and business services............ 110.6 112.4 115.5 114.6 111.0 113.5 114.0 114.7 114.7 115.1 .3 Education and health services................. 108.5 111.8 113.2 112.2 108.6 110.7 110.5 111.6 111.9 112.3 .4 Leisure and hospitality....................... 109.3 107.0 110.6 112.5 108.2 111.2 110.9 111.5 111.2 111.5 .3 Other services................................ 97.4 97.7 98.7 98.9 97.3 98.1 97.6 98.7 98.6 98.7 .1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May change from: 2006 2007 2007p 2007p 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007p 2007p Apr. 2007- May 2007p Total private......................... 117.1 121.2 123.7 124.1 117.4 122.0 122.0 123.4 123.3 124.3 0.8 Goods-producing........................... 112.9 112.0 113.8 117.1 112.4 114.3 113.8 115.9 115.5 116.4 .8 Natural resources and mining.................. 142.1 154.8 158.4 162.2 141.6 152.4 158.5 159.4 160.0 161.8 1.1 Construction.................................. 124.4 119.8 122.8 132.0 122.6 127.2 124.3 128.7 127.6 129.6 1.6 Manufacturing................................. 105.4 105.6 106.4 106.8 105.4 105.5 105.7 106.7 106.9 106.7 -.2 Durable goods................................ 109.5 109.7 110.4 110.9 109.5 109.1 109.5 110.5 110.6 110.6 .0 Nondurable goods............................. 97.6 98.1 99.4 99.2 98.3 99.0 99.0 99.7 100.2 100.0 -.2 Private service-providing................ 118.2 123.7 127.0 126.0 118.6 124.2 124.8 125.7 125.6 126.7 .9 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 111.7 113.7 115.9 116.2 112.1 115.4 115.2 116.2 115.9 116.4 .4 Wholesale trade.............................. 116.1 120.3 125.2 123.6 116.5 121.1 121.5 122.5 123.0 123.7 .6 Retail trade................................. 107.6 107.4 108.7 109.2 108.0 110.0 109.4 110.0 109.4 109.9 .5 Transportation and warehousing............... 115.9 119.5 120.5 121.5 116.4 121.5 121.4 121.9 121.1 122.2 .9 Utilities.................................... 107.0 109.7 111.2 111.5 106.7 108.3 109.4 110.8 110.5 111.0 .5 Information................................... 113.4 118.8 122.0 119.3 114.8 118.6 119.6 120.5 120.6 120.9 .2 Financial activities.......................... 121.9 131.6 136.3 131.9 123.3 131.7 132.6 133.5 133.7 134.1 .3 Professional and business services............ 124.3 133.0 138.1 135.8 125.1 132.6 134.3 135.3 135.2 136.7 1.1 Education and health services................. 123.1 130.7 132.4 131.7 123.5 129.1 129.0 130.4 130.9 132.1 .9 Leisure and hospitality....................... 120.4 124.3 128.6 131.1 119.2 127.2 128.0 129.0 129.2 129.8 .5 Other services................................ 104.7 107.5 109.3 109.2 104.3 107.4 107.1 108.3 108.4 108.8 .4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries (1) Over 1-month span: 2003 .............. 43.5 37.2 33.6 38.8 40.8 38.5 39.2 41.7 48.0 50.2 52.2 52.9 2004 .............. 51.6 50.2 62.1 64.9 59.9 57.6 56.5 51.4 56.5 55.0 51.4 55.6 2005 .............. 52.5 61.3 52.7 60.8 54.9 58.5 59.0 60.4 53.6 53.1 62.2 60.4 2006 .............. 64.2 64.6 64.0 62.8 56.7 55.9 59.4 55.9 55.8 57.7 53.6 57.6 2007 .............. 54.9 54.7 55.0 p53.1 p54.9 Over 3-month span: 2003 .............. 39.6 33.8 34.9 33.8 35.3 42.3 39.2 34.4 42.6 48.6 48.7 50.2 2004 .............. 55.9 53.2 57.0 64.2 70.3 65.6 59.9 55.2 57.9 59.0 60.4 55.8 2005 .............. 51.3 55.9 56.8 61.3 57.2 59.4 62.8 63.7 59.9 53.4 57.2 62.2 2006 .............. 70.5 66.7 66.0 66.9 63.3 62.4 60.3 62.6 57.7 59.0 57.7 59.9 2007 .............. 64.6 60.6 61.2 p56.8 p56.5 Over 6-month span: 2003 .............. 34.7 33.1 31.1 33.3 33.5 36.5 32.7 32.4 40.8 44.8 47.7 47.5 2004 .............. 49.8 51.8 55.0 60.8 63.5 63.7 63.3 62.6 58.3 62.1 55.4 55.2 2005 .............. 54.1 57.2 57.6 56.3 56.5 58.1 65.8 63.8 61.9 59.2 62.8 60.8 2006 .............. 63.8 63.3 67.1 68.2 67.1 67.1 63.5 62.9 62.6 62.1 61.5 61.0 2007 .............. 62.2 60.3 65.3 p62.4 p60.8 Over 12-month span: 2003 .............. 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 34.2 35.1 32.7 33.1 37.1 36.7 37.2 39.2 2004 .............. 40.3 42.1 44.8 48.4 50.7 57.7 57.0 55.2 56.7 58.3 60.1 60.3 2005 .............. 60.1 61.0 59.5 58.8 58.3 60.3 60.6 62.8 60.3 58.8 59.7 61.3 2006 .............. 67.3 65.3 66.0 64.7 65.8 65.3 67.6 66.4 66.5 66.4 65.5 65.1 2007 .............. 64.6 64.4 63.8 p64.7 p60.3 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries (1) Over 1-month span: 2003 .............. 34.5 17.3 17.3 10.7 22.0 17.3 17.3 31.5 26.8 38.1 42.3 42.3 2004 .............. 41.1 45.2 47.0 63.1 50.0 48.2 56.5 43.5 41.7 43.5 40.5 42.3 2005 .............. 36.9 48.2 43.5 48.2 38.7 37.5 42.3 45.8 44.0 44.6 48.2 51.8 2006 .............. 63.1 48.2 56.0 53.0 47.0 58.9 51.2 44.6 40.5 47.6 43.5 38.7 2007 .............. 52.4 38.7 30.4 p30.4 p39.3 Over 3-month span: 2003 .............. 15.5 11.3 13.7 9.5 8.9 11.9 15.5 15.5 17.9 29.2 30.4 33.3 2004 .............. 45.2 42.9 43.5 57.7 60.1 58.3 55.4 46.4 47.0 42.9 42.9 37.5 2005 .............. 35.1 39.9 40.5 42.3 35.1 33.9 40.5 41.7 42.3 40.5 39.9 43.5 2006 .............. 56.5 52.4 52.4 51.2 47.6 54.8 48.2 52.4 39.3 42.3 35.7 39.9 2007 .............. 48.2 38.1 42.9 p30.4 p28.0 Over 6-month span: 2003 .............. 11.9 11.3 7.1 8.3 9.5 10.7 7.1 9.5 12.5 16.1 25.0 24.4 2004 .............. 28.0 32.7 35.1 47.0 50.0 52.4 54.2 52.4 48.8 51.2 41.1 38.7 2005 .............. 31.5 35.1 36.3 34.5 32.1 33.3 44.0 39.3 32.1 36.9 34.5 39.3 2006 .............. 42.9 41.7 50.0 50.6 51.2 53.0 45.8 45.8 47.6 45.2 44.6 39.9 2007 .............. 39.9 37.5 37.5 p36.3 p33.9 Over 12-month span: 2003 .............. 10.7 6.0 6.5 6.0 8.3 7.1 7.1 8.3 10.7 10.7 9.5 10.7 2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.3 44.0 44.6 44.6 2005 .............. 44.6 44.6 41.7 40.5 37.5 36.3 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 37.5 2006 .............. 44.6 40.5 40.5 40.5 39.3 42.3 48.8 48.8 44.6 45.2 43.5 41.7 2007 .............. 41.7 42.3 39.3 p40.5 p35.7 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.