Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 00-252 Household data: (202) 691-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, September 1, 2000. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: AUGUST 2000 Total nonfarm employment fell by 105,000 in August, while the unemployment rate was essentially unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. A further decline in the number of temporary census workers (down 158,000 in August) and a strike in the communications industry contributed to the over-the-month employment drop, but manufacturing employment also declined. Private-sector employment edged up by 17,000, although the gain would have been 102,000 had it not been for strike effects. Job gains were strong in the services industry. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The unemployment rate (4.1 percent) remained in the narrow range of 3.9 to 4.1 percent that has held since October 1999. The rates for most major worker groups--adult men (3.2 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), whites (3.6 percent), blacks (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (5.7 percent)--showed little or no change in August. The teenage unemployment rate has edged up over the past 2 months to 14.4 percent. The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 5.8 million. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment was little changed at 134.9 million, seasonally adjusted, in August. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.3 percent, about unchanged from July. The civilian labor force rose in August to 140.7 million; however, the labor force participation rate, at 67.0 percent, was essentially unchanged. (See table A-1.) In August, the proportion of the employed with more than one job (multiple jobholders) was 5.2 percent, not seasonally adjusted, compared with 5.4 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in August, about the same number as a year earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 205,000 in August, down from 265,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| July- Category | 2000 | 2000 | Aug. |_________________|__________________________|change | I | II | June | July | Aug. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 140,981| 140,827| 140,762| 140,399| 140,742| 343 Employment..........| 135,247| 135,200| 135,179| 134,749| 134,912| 163 Unemployment........| 5,733| 5,627| 5,583| 5,650| 5,829| 179 Not in labor force....| 67,933| 68,550| 68,781| 69,329| 69,193| -136 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.1| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.1| 0.1 Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.2| .0 Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.7| 3.8| 3.7| 3.8| .1 Teenagers...........| 13.4| 12.3| 11.6| 13.4| 14.4| 1.0 White...............| 3.5| 3.4| 3.4| 3.5| 3.6| .1 Black...............| 7.8| 7.7| 7.9| 7.7| 8.0| .3 Hispanic origin.....| 5.9| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6| 5.7| .1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 130,626| 131,552| 131,647|p131,596|p131,491| p-105 Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| 25,703| 25,700| p25,756| p25,677| p-79 Construction......| 6,665| 6,676| 6,668| p6,673| p6,673| p0 Manufacturing.....| 18,481| 18,488| 18,493| p18,544| p18,465| p-79 Service-producing 1/| 104,946| 105,849| 105,947|p105,840|p105,814| p-26 Retail trade......| 22,993| 23,128| 23,122| p23,196| p23,161| p-35 Services..........| 39,949| 40,272| 40,401| p40,412| p40,572| p160 Government........| 20,431| 20,827| 20,802| p20,587| p20,465| p-122 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.5| 34.5| 34.5| p34.4| p34.3| p-0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| 41.7| 41.6| p41.7| p41.3| p-.4 Overtime..........| 4.6| 4.7| 4.6| p4.6| p4.5| p-.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 150.7| 151.2| 151.3| p151.4| p150.9| p-0.5 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.54| $13.67| $13.70| p$13.76| p$13.80| p$0.04 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 467.47| 471.50| 472.65| p473.34| p473.34| p.00 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 105,000 to 131.5 million in August, seasonally adjusted. In the public sector, 158,000 temporary workers completed their work on Census 2000 and left federal payrolls. In the private sector, employment edged up by 17,000, as a strike in the communications industry kept 87,000 workers off payrolls. Adjusted for the net strike impact over the month (85,000, which also reflects the return of a small number of strikers in hospitals), private-sector employment was up by 102,000 in August. (See table B-1.) Employment in manufacturing fell by 79,000 in August, more than offsetting a large increase in July, after seasonal adjustment. In 1999, monthly job losses in this industry averaged 18,000; over the first 8 months of 2000, losses have averaged 2,000 per month. Manufacturing job losses in August were widespread. Employment fell in industries sensitive to construction trends, such as lumber (5,000), furniture (8,000), and stone, clay, and glass products (4,000). Employment also fell in motor vehicles (13,000) and in rubber and plastics (8,000). Apparel employment continued its long-term decline with a drop of 10,000 in August. In contrast to most manufacturing industries, electronic components continued to grow, adding 4,000 jobs. Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, construction employment was unchanged over the month. Average monthly growth in construction thus far this year has been 15,000, compared with 25,000 per month for all of 1999. In August, employment in the mining industry held steady for the fourth consecutive month. This industry had experienced modest growth in the first part of the year because of expansion in oil and gas extraction. In the service-producing sector, services industry employment rose by 160,000, seasonally adjusted. This follows an increase of only 11,000 in July. Thus far this year, the average monthly increase in services employment has been 108,000, slightly below the monthly average of 124,000 for all of 1999. In August, job gains occurred in social services (34,000), engineering and management services (28,000), and personnel supply services (22,000). Employment in all three industries had declined in July. In social services, the August employment increase resulted from fewer-than-usual seasonal layoffs in job training services, following weak summer hiring. Employment in transportation and public utilities fell by 64,000 in August, as 87,000 workers in the telephone communications industry were on strike and thus off company payrolls during the survey reference period. The striking workers had returned to payrolls by the end of the month. Transportation employment, especially air transportation, showed continued strength. Retail trade employment fell by 35,000, seasonally adjusted, in August, following 2 months of above-average increases. These movements largely reflect employment changes in eating and drinking places. Overall, job growth in the retail trade industry has averaged 32,000 per month since May, about in line with average monthly growth in all of 1999. Finance, insurance, and real estate employment rose by 25,000 in August. Employment in the industry has been trending down for much of the year except in security brokerages and holding companies, where employment has continued to grow. Wholesale trade added 10,000 jobs over the month. - 4 - Federal government employment fell in August as more temporary census workers completed their assignments. As of August, 41,000 temporary census workers remained on the federal government payroll, down from a peak of 618,000 in May. In local government, employment rose by 23,000. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in August to 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.4 hour to 41.3 hours. Manufacturing overtime declined by 0.1 hour to 4.5 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.3 percent to 150.9 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 1.6 percent to 105.5. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in August to $13.80, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings were unchanged over the month at $473.34. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.8 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.2 percent. Twelve-month growth rates in hourly earnings have been in the range of 3.5 to 3.8 percent since January 1999. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for September 2000 is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000, the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or $40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,038 209,727 209,935 208,038 209,216 209,371 209,543 209,727 209,935 Civilian labor force............................ 140,090 142,101 141,425 139,372 141,230 140,489 140,762 140,399 140,742 Participation rate........................ 67.3 67.8 67.4 67.0 67.5 67.1 67.2 66.9 67.0 Employed...................................... 134,264 136,097 135,601 133,530 135,706 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912 Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 64.9 64.6 64.2 64.9 64.3 64.5 64.2 64.3 Agriculture................................. 3,525 3,736 3,656 3,234 3,355 3,298 3,321 3,299 3,344 Nonagricultural industries.................. 130,739 132,361 131,945 130,296 132,351 131,417 131,858 131,450 131,569 Unemployed.................................... 5,826 6,004 5,824 5,842 5,524 5,774 5,583 5,650 5,829 Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 Not in labor force.............................. 67,948 67,626 68,510 68,666 67,986 68,882 68,781 69,329 69,193 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,742 4,402 4,441 4,497 4,352 4,412 4,254 4,478 4,213 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,863 100,745 100,847 99,863 100,487 100,566 100,654 100,745 100,847 Civilian labor force............................ 75,190 76,344 76,086 74,499 75,189 74,883 75,120 74,917 75,412 Participation rate........................ 75.3 75.8 75.4 74.6 74.8 74.5 74.6 74.4 74.8 Employed...................................... 72,348 73,408 73,299 71,436 72,307 71,948 72,217 72,063 72,407 Employment-population ratio............... 72.4 72.9 72.7 71.5 72.0 71.5 71.7 71.5 71.8 Unemployed.................................... 2,842 2,936 2,787 3,063 2,882 2,934 2,903 2,854 3,005 Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,692 92,642 92,754 91,692 92,303 92,408 92,546 92,642 92,754 Civilian labor force............................ 70,509 71,138 71,324 70,240 70,761 70,603 70,714 70,702 71,067 Participation rate........................ 76.9 76.8 76.9 76.6 76.7 76.4 76.4 76.3 76.6 Employed...................................... 68,210 68,927 69,176 67,768 68,481 68,230 68,430 68,440 68,757 Employment-population ratio............... 74.4 74.4 74.6 73.9 74.2 73.8 73.9 73.9 74.1 Agriculture................................. 2,377 2,519 2,441 2,237 2,213 2,217 2,269 2,296 2,288 Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,833 66,408 66,735 65,531 66,269 66,013 66,161 66,144 66,469 Unemployed.................................... 2,299 2,211 2,148 2,472 2,280 2,373 2,284 2,263 2,309 Unemployment rate......................... 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,175 108,983 109,088 108,175 108,729 108,805 108,889 108,983 109,088 Civilian labor force............................ 64,900 65,757 65,339 64,873 66,041 65,606 65,642 65,482 65,330 Participation rate........................ 60.0 60.3 59.9 60.0 60.7 60.3 60.3 60.1 59.9 Employed...................................... 61,917 62,689 62,302 62,094 63,399 62,767 62,962 62,686 62,505 Employment-population ratio............... 57.2 57.5 57.1 57.4 58.3 57.7 57.8 57.5 57.3 Unemployed.................................... 2,984 3,068 3,037 2,779 2,642 2,839 2,680 2,796 2,824 Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,285 101,111 101,209 100,285 100,809 100,929 101,007 101,111 101,209 Civilian labor force............................ 60,568 61,015 60,909 60,904 61,920 61,614 61,596 61,508 61,260 Participation rate........................ 60.4 60.3 60.2 60.7 61.4 61.0 61.0 60.8 60.5 Employed...................................... 58,093 58,556 58,369 58,648 59,757 59,248 59,278 59,222 58,949 Employment-population ratio............... 57.9 57.9 57.7 58.5 59.3 58.7 58.7 58.6 58.2 Agriculture................................. 840 885 883 780 899 864 834 792 824 Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,253 57,670 57,486 57,868 58,858 58,383 58,444 58,430 58,125 Unemployed.................................... 2,475 2,459 2,539 2,256 2,163 2,367 2,318 2,286 2,311 Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 4.0 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,061 15,974 15,972 16,061 16,104 16,034 15,991 15,974 15,972 Civilian labor force............................ 9,014 9,948 9,192 8,228 8,549 8,271 8,452 8,189 8,415 Participation rate........................ 56.1 62.3 57.6 51.2 53.1 51.6 52.9 51.3 52.7 Employed...................................... 7,962 8,614 8,055 7,114 7,467 7,237 7,471 7,087 7,206 Employment-population ratio............... 49.6 53.9 50.4 44.3 46.4 45.1 46.7 44.4 45.1 Agriculture................................. 309 332 331 217 243 217 218 211 232 Nonagricultural industries.................. 7,653 8,282 7,724 6,897 7,224 7,020 7,253 6,876 6,974 Unemployed.................................... 1,051 1,334 1,137 1,114 1,082 1,034 981 1,101 1,209 Unemployment rate......................... 11.7 13.4 12.4 13.5 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,275 174,443 174,587 173,275 174,092 174,197 174,316 174,443 174,587 Civilian labor force............................ 117,093 118,533 118,018 116,619 117,988 117,097 117,451 117,258 117,551 Participation rate.......................... 67.6 67.9 67.6 67.3 67.8 67.2 67.4 67.2 67.3 Employed...................................... 112,846 114,294 113,845 112,308 113,915 112,988 113,484 113,156 113,352 Employment-population ratio................. 65.1 65.5 65.2 64.8 65.4 64.9 65.1 64.9 64.9 Unemployed.................................... 4,246 4,240 4,173 4,311 4,073 4,108 3,967 4,103 4,199 Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 60,063 60,325 60,512 59,932 60,048 59,882 60,074 59,950 60,358 Participation rate.......................... 77.5 77.2 77.3 77.3 77.0 76.7 76.9 76.7 77.1 Employed...................................... 58,303 58,769 58,994 58,007 58,386 58,184 58,409 58,302 58,701 Employment-population ratio................. 75.2 75.2 75.4 74.8 74.9 74.6 74.8 74.6 75.0 Unemployed.................................... 1,760 1,557 1,518 1,925 1,662 1,698 1,666 1,647 1,657 Unemployment rate........................... 2.9 2.6 2.5 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 49,410 49,830 49,727 49,713 50,726 50,237 50,246 50,356 50,060 Participation rate.......................... 59.5 59.6 59.4 59.9 60.8 60.2 60.2 60.2 59.8 Employed...................................... 47,653 48,067 47,855 48,140 49,150 48,567 48,616 48,700 48,388 Employment-population ratio................. 57.4 57.5 57.2 58.0 58.9 58.2 58.2 58.3 57.8 Unemployed.................................... 1,757 1,763 1,872 1,573 1,576 1,670 1,630 1,656 1,673 Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 7,620 8,378 7,779 6,974 7,214 6,978 7,130 6,953 7,133 Participation rate.......................... 59.8 66.0 61.3 54.8 56.7 54.9 56.1 54.7 56.2 Employed...................................... 6,890 7,458 6,996 6,161 6,379 6,237 6,458 6,153 6,264 Employment-population ratio................. 54.1 58.7 55.1 48.4 50.2 49.1 50.8 48.4 49.3 Unemployed.................................... 730 920 783 813 835 740 672 800 869 Unemployment rate........................... 9.6 11.0 10.1 11.7 11.6 10.6 9.4 11.5 12.2 Men....................................... 9.7 11.7 10.6 12.3 13.0 10.7 11.2 12.6 13.3 Women..................................... 9.4 10.2 9.4 11.0 10.0 10.5 7.4 10.3 11.0 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,904 25,221 25,258 24,904 25,135 25,161 25,191 25,221 25,258 Civilian labor force............................ 16,474 16,808 16,630 16,321 16,636 16,596 16,577 16,456 16,512 Participation rate.......................... 66.2 66.6 65.8 65.5 66.2 66.0 65.8 65.2 65.4 Employed...................................... 15,156 15,356 15,269 15,047 15,444 15,261 15,275 15,190 15,190 Employment-population ratio................. 60.9 60.9 60.5 60.4 61.4 60.7 60.6 60.2 60.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,318 1,452 1,361 1,274 1,191 1,335 1,302 1,266 1,322 Unemployment rate........................... 8.0 8.6 8.2 7.8 7.2 8.0 7.9 7.7 8.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,183 7,357 7,337 7,162 7,351 7,261 7,263 7,292 7,337 Participation rate.......................... 72.2 72.8 72.4 72.0 73.0 72.0 72.0 72.1 72.4 Employed...................................... 6,760 6,831 6,824 6,714 6,864 6,736 6,761 6,803 6,797 Employment-population ratio................. 68.0 67.6 67.4 67.5 68.2 66.8 67.0 67.3 67.1 Unemployed.................................... 424 527 513 448 487 524 502 489 540 Unemployment rate........................... 5.9 7.2 7.0 6.3 6.6 7.2 6.9 6.7 7.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,239 8,198 8,215 8,241 8,291 8,384 8,347 8,217 8,230 Participation rate.......................... 66.1 64.8 64.9 66.1 65.8 66.5 66.1 65.0 65.0 Employed...................................... 7,627 7,622 7,656 7,673 7,807 7,801 7,792 7,691 7,710 Employment-population ratio................. 61.1 60.3 60.4 61.5 62.0 61.9 61.7 60.8 60.9 Unemployed.................................... 613 576 559 568 484 583 554 525 520 Unemployment rate........................... 7.4 7.0 6.8 6.9 5.8 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,052 1,252 1,078 918 993 951 967 947 945 Participation rate.......................... 42.3 50.8 43.8 37.0 40.2 38.5 39.2 38.4 38.4 Employed...................................... 770 904 788 660 773 724 722 696 682 Employment-population ratio................. 31.0 36.7 32.0 26.6 31.3 29.3 29.2 28.2 27.7 Unemployed.................................... 282 349 289 258 220 227 245 252 262 Unemployment rate........................... 26.8 27.8 26.8 28.1 22.2 23.9 25.4 26.6 27.8 Men....................................... 27.8 28.5 31.8 29.6 22.0 27.7 32.0 25.0 33.7 Women..................................... 25.9 27.2 22.4 26.7 22.4 20.2 18.2 27.9 22.5 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,752 22,422 22,488 21,752 22,231 22,292 22,355 22,422 22,488 Civilian labor force............................ 14,843 15,291 15,357 14,710 15,355 15,322 15,325 15,188 15,248 Participation rate.......................... 68.2 68.2 68.3 67.6 69.1 68.7 68.6 67.7 67.8 Employed...................................... 13,872 14,397 14,458 13,759 14,524 14,432 14,461 14,339 14,371 Employment-population ratio................. 63.8 64.2 64.3 63.3 65.3 64.7 64.7 64.0 63.9 Unemployed.................................... 971 894 899 951 831 890 864 849 876 Unemployment rate........................... 6.5 5.8 5.9 6.5 5.4 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.7 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,568 27,888 28,306 28,568 28,069 28,096 28,227 27,888 28,306 Civilian labor force.................... 12,299 12,015 12,456 12,307 11,945 11,815 12,004 12,328 12,441 Percent of population............... 43.1 43.1 44.0 43.1 42.6 42.1 42.5 44.2 43.9 Employed.............................. 11,507 11,279 11,747 11,448 11,218 10,984 11,239 11,544 11,677 Employment-population ratio......... 40.3 40.4 41.5 40.1 40.0 39.1 39.8 41.4 41.3 Unemployed............................ 793 736 709 859 727 832 765 784 764 Unemployment rate................... 6.4 6.1 5.7 7.0 6.1 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.1 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,195 57,144 56,882 57,195 58,015 57,746 57,581 57,144 56,882 Civilian labor force.................... 36,797 36,380 36,395 36,954 37,666 37,224 36,910 37,018 36,589 Percent of population............... 64.3 63.7 64.0 64.6 64.9 64.5 64.1 64.8 64.3 Employed.............................. 35,550 35,138 35,097 35,657 36,401 35,895 35,659 35,782 35,238 Employment-population ratio......... 62.2 61.5 61.7 62.3 62.7 62.2 61.9 62.6 62.0 Unemployed............................ 1,247 1,242 1,298 1,297 1,265 1,329 1,251 1,236 1,350 Unemployment rate................... 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,130 44,724 44,616 43,130 43,896 44,153 44,250 44,724 44,616 Civilian labor force.................... 31,751 33,052 32,980 31,842 32,684 33,065 33,094 32,952 33,175 Percent of population............... 73.6 73.9 73.9 73.8 74.5 74.9 74.8 73.7 74.4 Employed.............................. 30,765 32,093 32,036 30,864 31,843 32,228 32,132 32,029 32,230 Employment-population ratio......... 71.3 71.8 71.8 71.6 72.5 73.0 72.6 71.6 72.2 Unemployed............................ 986 959 944 978 841 838 962 923 946 Unemployment rate................... 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.9 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,086 45,549 45,718 45,086 44,864 45,029 45,092 45,549 45,718 Civilian labor force.................... 35,915 35,907 35,827 36,037 36,099 36,011 35,988 35,877 35,903 Percent of population............... 79.7 78.8 78.4 79.9 80.5 80.0 79.8 78.8 78.5 Employed.............................. 35,223 35,219 35,038 35,465 35,545 35,433 35,437 35,254 35,250 Employment-population ratio......... 78.1 77.3 76.6 78.7 79.2 78.7 78.6 77.4 77.1 Unemployed............................ 692 688 788 572 553 577 551 623 653 Unemployment rate................... 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,264 136,097 135,601 133,530 135,706 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,398 43,241 43,416 43,368 43,272 43,216 43,357 43,284 43,372 Married women, spouse present................... 33,023 33,047 32,912 33,504 33,877 33,786 33,824 33,618 33,413 Women who maintain families..................... 8,332 8,372 8,536 8,335 8,307 8,301 8,280 8,483 8,519 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,504 40,517 40,663 40,800 40,665 40,858 41,148 40,784 40,937 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,998 39,474 39,104 38,874 39,680 39,537 39,270 39,239 39,026 Service occupations............................. 18,341 18,288 17,976 17,976 18,885 18,181 18,090 17,877 17,675 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,355 15,419 15,324 14,322 14,501 14,867 14,888 15,236 15,263 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,231 18,558 18,722 18,089 18,453 18,020 18,430 18,296 18,592 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,836 3,842 3,812 3,412 3,477 3,410 3,368 3,309 3,400 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,088 2,360 2,253 1,908 2,054 2,006 2,059 2,079 2,056 Self-employed workers......................... 1,379 1,326 1,356 1,266 1,272 1,252 1,175 1,182 1,258 Unpaid family workers......................... 58 50 46 46 43 38 50 40 37 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 121,595 123,543 123,181 121,150 123,623 122,860 123,002 122,681 122,773 Government.................................. 18,646 18,072 18,015 19,114 19,280 19,169 18,777 18,497 18,496 Private industries.......................... 102,949 105,471 105,166 102,036 104,343 103,691 104,225 104,184 104,277 Private households........................ 923 857 753 873 1,019 953 957 807 716 Other industries.......................... 102,026 104,614 104,413 101,163 103,324 102,738 103,268 103,377 103,561 Self-employed workers......................... 9,057 8,739 8,658 9,000 8,750 8,714 8,665 8,609 8,590 Unpaid family workers......................... 87 79 105 93 103 82 71 80 116 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,238 3,283 3,120 3,279 3,124 3,248 3,117 3,071 3,164 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,759 1,905 1,844 1,904 1,844 1,962 1,811 1,846 1,997 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,068 1,018 863 1,057 1,016 978 1,022 900 855 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,455 16,238 16,052 19,230 18,474 18,409 18,308 18,558 18,709 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,102 3,146 3,005 3,127 3,021 3,096 2,967 2,940 3,038 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,677 1,802 1,774 1,813 1,782 1,840 1,713 1,750 1,924 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,046 990 843 1,041 989 962 994 881 838 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 15,870 15,696 15,480 18,652 17,943 17,853 17,743 18,041 18,190 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,842 5,650 5,829 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,472 2,263 2,309 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,256 2,286 2,311 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,114 1,101 1,209 13.5 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 Married men, spouse present.................... 1,009 878 899 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 Married women, spouse present.................. 915 975 1,002 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.9 Women who maintain families.................... 564 505 546 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.1 5.6 6.0 Full-time workers.............................. 4,712 4,362 4,631 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.0 Part-time workers.............................. 1,133 1,257 1,194 4.6 4.6 5.3 4.8 5.3 5.0 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 747 789 803 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.9 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,450 1,453 1,634 3.6 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 668 557 489 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.1 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,189 1,221 1,270 6.2 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 232 201 233 6.4 7.0 5.5 5.0 5.7 6.4 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,523 4,483 4,503 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 Goods-producing industries................... 1,353 1,230 1,260 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.4 Mining..................................... 25 24 22 4.2 2.8 4.2 3.5 5.1 4.6 Construction............................... 565 485 531 7.6 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.5 Manufacturing.............................. 763 721 707 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.5 Durable goods............................ 445 406 369 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 Nondurable goods......................... 318 314 338 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.1 4.0 4.3 Service-producing industries................. 3,170 3,253 3,242 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 Transportation and public utilities........ 240 263 255 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.7 3.2 3.1 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,304 1,364 1,421 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 192 170 194 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.5 Services................................... 1,434 1,456 1,373 4.0 3.7 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.8 Government workers............................. 409 405 449 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.4 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 203 156 190 9.6 8.4 7.6 7.3 7.0 8.5 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,498 2,734 2,513 2,599 2,455 2,531 2,595 2,470 2,594 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,976 1,970 2,031 1,798 1,868 1,953 1,759 1,812 1,846 15 weeks and over................................ 1,352 1,300 1,280 1,463 1,250 1,337 1,242 1,331 1,384 15 to 26 weeks................................ 633 590 567 747 670 677 593 654 679 27 weeks and over............................. 719 711 713 716 580 660 649 677 705 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.1 12.9 12.9 13.2 12.4 12.6 12.4 13.3 13.0 Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.7 5.5 6.5 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.2 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 42.9 45.5 43.2 44.4 44.1 43.5 46.4 44.0 44.5 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 33.9 32.8 34.9 30.7 33.5 33.5 31.4 32.3 31.7 15 weeks and over.............................. 23.2 21.7 22.0 25.0 22.4 23.0 22.2 23.7 23.8 15 to 26 weeks............................... 10.9 9.8 9.7 12.7 12.0 11.6 10.6 11.7 11.7 27 weeks and over............................ 12.3 11.8 12.2 12.2 10.4 11.3 11.6 12.1 12.1 NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,559 2,489 2,544 2,629 2,306 2,483 2,450 2,417 2,615 On temporary layoff............................. 784 887 843 893 703 894 959 856 940 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,775 1,603 1,701 1,736 1,602 1,589 1,491 1,561 1,674 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,250 1,105 1,154 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 525 498 546 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 866 843 856 793 833 774 671 799 782 Reentrants........................................ 1,925 2,049 1,902 1,942 1,961 2,093 2,076 1,961 1,919 New entrants...................................... 477 623 522 481 408 500 343 402 514 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 43.9 41.5 43.7 45.0 41.9 42.4 44.2 43.3 44.8 On temporary layoff............................ 13.5 14.8 14.5 15.3 12.8 15.3 17.3 15.3 16.1 Not on temporary layoff........................ 30.5 26.7 29.2 29.7 29.1 27.2 26.9 28.0 28.7 Job leavers...................................... 14.9 14.0 14.7 13.6 15.1 13.2 12.1 14.3 13.4 Reentrants....................................... 33.0 34.1 32.7 33.2 35.6 35.8 37.5 35.1 32.9 New entrants..................................... 8.2 10.4 9.0 8.2 7.4 8.5 6.2 7.2 8.8 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 New entrants..................................... .3 .4 .4 .3 .3 .4 .2 .3 .4 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.3 4.4 4.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 4.9 5.0 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.2 7.3 7.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,842 5,650 5,829 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,139 2,066 2,128 9.6 9.3 9.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 16 to 19 years................................ 1,114 1,101 1,209 13.5 12.7 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 16 to 17 years.............................. 526 515 566 15.9 14.6 16.0 13.1 16.5 17.1 18 to 19 years.............................. 596 577 644 12.1 11.4 10.4 10.6 11.5 12.6 20 to 24 years................................ 1,025 965 919 7.3 7.2 8.2 7.5 6.8 6.4 25 years and over............................... 3,706 3,581 3,700 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 25 to 54 years................................ 3,226 3,158 3,219 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 55 years and over............................. 475 430 486 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,063 2,854 3,005 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 16 to 24 years................................ 1,148 1,117 1,201 9.9 9.6 10.0 9.5 9.6 10.1 16 to 19 years.............................. 591 591 695 13.9 13.6 13.1 14.1 14.0 16.0 16 to 17 years............................ 279 277 283 16.2 15.8 16.9 15.6 17.4 16.9 18 to 19 years............................ 319 310 415 12.6 12.4 10.8 13.3 11.9 15.5 20 to 24 years.............................. 557 526 506 7.6 7.3 8.3 6.8 7.1 6.7 25 years and over............................. 1,923 1,747 1,802 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,643 1,505 1,541 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 55 years and over........................... 284 243 275 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.7 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,779 2,796 2,824 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3 16 to 24 years................................ 991 949 927 9.3 8.9 9.5 8.5 8.9 8.6 16 to 19 years.............................. 523 510 514 13.2 11.6 11.8 8.9 12.8 12.6 16 to 17 years............................ 247 238 283 15.6 13.3 15.0 10.4 15.5 17.3 18 to 19 years............................ 277 266 229 11.6 10.4 9.9 7.8 11.0 9.4 20 to 24 years.............................. 468 439 413 7.0 7.2 8.2 8.2 6.5 6.2 25 years and over............................. 1,783 1,834 1,899 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,583 1,653 1,678 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 55 years and over........................... 191 187 211 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 67,948 68,510 24,674 24,762 43,275 43,748 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,742 4,441 1,863 1,759 2,879 2,682 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,134 1,095 525 511 609 584 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 265 205 153 122 112 83 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 869 890 372 389 497 502 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,298 7,084 3,909 3,845 3,389 3,238 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.2 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,992 3,991 2,350 2,386 1,641 1,606 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,514 1,398 499 423 1,014 975 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 332 315 260 227 72 88 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,418 1,336 777 791 641 546 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total1........................ 128,851 132,911 131,513 131,334 129,057 131,419 131,590 131,647 131,596 131,491 Total private.................... 109,845 112,005 112,012 112,061 108,846 110,752 110,578 110,845 111,009 111,026 Goods-producing......................... 25,890 26,060 26,082 26,150 25,430 25,725 25,684 25,700 25,756 25,677 Mining................................ 535 546 547 550 526 539 539 539 539 539 Metal mining........................ 44.4 44.7 44.0 44.0 44 45 44 44 43 43 Coal mining......................... 84.0 79.8 79.5 80.5 84 80 80 79 79 80 Oil and gas extraction.............. 289.7 307.2 309.3 311.7 286 303 305 306 307 307 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 116.7 114.0 114.6 113.5 112 111 110 110 110 109 Construction.......................... 6,764 6,925 7,040 7,048 6,401 6,694 6,666 6,668 6,673 6,673 General building contractors........ 1,514.6 1,546.5 1,572.3 1,573.0 1,447 1,497 1,497 1,498 1,498 1,503 Heavy construction, except building. 941.8 941.7 955.8 960.7 865 899 888 877 881 883 Special trade contractors........... 4,307.1 4,436.9 4,511.4 4,514.3 4,089 4,298 4,281 4,293 4,294 4,287 Manufacturing......................... 18,591 18,589 18,495 18,552 18,503 18,492 18,479 18,493 18,544 18,465 Production workers................ 12,769 12,753 12,655 12,723 12,706 12,689 12,682 12,683 12,733 12,660 Durable goods........................ 11,110 11,187 11,108 11,129 11,097 11,104 11,106 11,120 11,158 11,115 Production workers................ 7,587 7,644 7,561 7,587 7,590 7,584 7,584 7,593 7,623 7,589 Lumber and wood products............ 841.9 834.8 831.6 830.4 829 830 828 827 823 818 Furniture and fixtures.............. 551.0 559.8 554.4 557.8 551 557 558 558 565 557 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 572.9 578.7 579.0 577.8 563 567 566 568 571 567 Primary metal industries............ 697.4 701.8 692.6 693.3 699 699 699 699 698 694 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 228.1 228.0 226.4 226.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Fabricated metal products........... 1,512.8 1,546.2 1,528.1 1,534.0 1,515 1,534 1,535 1,540 1,540 1,537 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,126.0 2,142.0 2,132.1 2,125.7 2,135 2,126 2,125 2,130 2,137 2,135 Computer and office equipment..... 371.2 363.4 363.3 363.5 370 364 360 360 361 363 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,667.8 1,706.4 1,713.3 1,717.4 1,669 1,691 1,693 1,697 1,718 1,719 Electronic components and accessories.................... 638.2 665.9 673.4 676.1 637 651 654 661 671 675 Transportation equipment............ 1,888.4 1,874.2 1,835.7 1,845.7 1,887 1,859 1,863 1,864 1,860 1,844 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,030.3 1,037.6 1,003.2 1,016.9 1,026 1,026 1,026 1,030 1,026 1,013 Aircraft and parts................ 486.4 460.2 458.4 457.1 488 461 463 460 460 458 Instruments and related products.... 855.5 847.4 849.7 849.7 854 844 845 844 849 848 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 396.4 395.8 391.2 396.7 395 397 394 393 397 396 Nondurable goods..................... 7,481 7,402 7,387 7,423 7,406 7,388 7,373 7,373 7,386 7,350 Production workers................ 5,182 5,109 5,094 5,136 5,116 5,105 5,098 5,090 5,110 5,071 Food and kindred products........... 1,726.9 1,675.5 1,705.2 1,735.2 1,667 1,678 1,675 1,679 1,681 1,676 Tobacco products.................... 36.2 34.0 33.8 34.4 36 37 37 37 37 34 Textile mill products............... 555.8 546.7 539.5 540.9 556 548 545 542 543 541 Apparel and other textile products.. 684.3 658.5 643.1 648.6 681 665 660 652 656 646 Paper and allied products........... 669.3 667.3 664.2 663.0 667 662 661 663 662 661 Printing and publishing............. 1,551.6 1,562.1 1,561.6 1,559.4 1,552 1,554 1,552 1,558 1,560 1,559 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,034.4 1,034.3 1,029.2 1,025.1 1,030 1,030 1,028 1,028 1,026 1,021 Petroleum and coal products......... 135.4 134.2 134.5 134.5 132 132 132 132 131 132 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,009.4 1,013.8 1,003.4 1,007.9 1,008 1,007 1,008 1,008 1,014 1,006 Leather and leather products........ 77.4 75.4 72.5 74.1 77 75 75 74 76 74 Service-producing1...................... 102,961 106,851 105,431 105,184 103,627 105,694 105,906 105,947 105,840 105,814 Transportation and public utilities... 6,831 7,023 6,990 6,926 6,848 6,970 6,962 6,985 7,008 6,944 Transportation...................... 4,398 4,537 4,506 4,521 4,426 4,509 4,501 4,510 4,537 4,549 Railroad transportation........... 226.9 220.0 220.5 218.4 227 221 219 217 219 219 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 423.9 493.1 435.7 434.2 488 498 498 493 501 499 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,838.9 1,852.2 1,866.5 1,878.7 1,810 1,839 1,834 1,834 1,847 1,850 Water transportation.............. 197.2 209.1 211.9 213.3 188 200 200 202 200 204 Transportation by air............. 1,230.2 1,276.4 1,282.4 1,285.6 1,234 1,270 1,269 1,279 1,282 1,289 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.8 12.6 12.7 12.6 13 12 12 12 13 12 Transportation services........... 468.1 473.8 476.4 478.5 466 469 469 473 475 476 Communications and public utilities. 2,433 2,486 2,484 2,405 2,422 2,461 2,461 2,475 2,471 2,395 Communications.................... 1,562.6 1,623.2 1,621.1 1,543.4 1,558 1,604 1,606 1,619 1,616 1,539 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 870.0 863.2 863.0 861.6 864 857 855 856 855 856 Wholesale trade....................... 6,973 7,094 7,087 7,085 6,946 7,055 7,048 7,049 7,048 7,058 Durable goods....................... 4,148 4,219 4,221 4,220 4,132 4,201 4,199 4,195 4,203 4,204 Nondurable goods.................... 2,825 2,875 2,866 2,865 2,814 2,854 2,849 2,854 2,845 2,854 Retail trade.......................... 22,993 23,361 23,324 23,322 22,841 23,197 23,064 23,122 23,196 23,161 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 1,011.2 1,071.3 1,054.7 1,039.0 992 1,032 1,025 1,018 1,017 1,020 General merchandise stores.......... 2,714.7 2,679.9 2,665.8 2,676.3 2,768 2,791 2,744 2,741 2,725 2,725 Department stores................. 2,378.2 2,335.1 2,319.6 2,330.8 2,426 2,443 2,388 2,386 2,371 2,378 Food stores......................... 3,513.2 3,529.4 3,541.6 3,538.5 3,498 3,522 3,516 3,515 3,518 3,523 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,395.6 2,434.5 2,440.6 2,443.2 2,369 2,410 2,408 2,412 2,413 2,417 New and used car dealers.......... 1,089.2 1,114.9 1,117.4 1,119.0 1,084 1,106 1,107 1,110 1,111 1,114 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,187.1 1,185.1 1,198.0 1,209.0 1,181 1,195 1,195 1,197 1,207 1,202 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,080.1 1,107.9 1,108.0 1,111.0 1,090 1,113 1,113 1,118 1,118 1,121 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,148.5 8,344.9 8,306.7 8,288.7 7,958 8,097 8,028 8,071 8,135 8,094 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,942.3 3,007.9 3,008.6 3,016.2 2,985 3,037 3,035 3,050 3,063 3,059 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,668 7,666 7,690 7,692 7,590 7,610 7,600 7,588 7,589 7,614 Finance............................. 3,722 3,725 3,736 3,737 3,704 3,709 3,703 3,705 3,708 3,719 Depository institutions........... 2,073.7 2,053.3 2,052.5 2,047.8 2,063 2,052 2,044 2,042 2,037 2,037 Commercial banks................ 1,485.0 1,461.8 1,461.6 1,458.3 1,476 1,464 1,456 1,454 1,450 1,450 Savings institutions............ 251.9 243.3 241.8 241.1 251 243 243 242 240 240 Nondepository institutions........ 717.3 685.4 685.4 686.7 716 686 684 682 683 685 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 359.5 322.1 321.4 322.6 358 323 322 321 321 322 Security and commodity brokers.... 701.2 745.4 756.6 760.7 695 732 736 741 748 754 Holding and other investment offices........................ 229.3 240.6 241.9 241.7 230 239 239 240 240 243 Insurance........................... 2,383 2,369 2,368 2,366 2,375 2,365 2,361 2,359 2,356 2,358 Insurance carriers................ 1,616.9 1,598.6 1,596.1 1,595.0 1,611 1,597 1,594 1,593 1,587 1,589 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 766.3 770.6 772.3 771.4 764 768 767 766 769 769 Real estate......................... 1,563 1,572 1,586 1,589 1,511 1,536 1,536 1,524 1,525 1,537 Services3............................. 39,490 40,801 40,839 40,886 39,191 40,195 40,220 40,401 40,412 40,572 Agricultural services............... 833.3 876.4 879.0 866.9 764 801 790 788 794 796 Hotels and other lodging places..... 2,002.8 2,033.1 2,089.3 2,087.0 1,857 1,902 1,904 1,922 1,930 1,935 Personal services................... 1,192.4 1,241.2 1,227.3 1,235.6 1,237 1,272 1,262 1,271 1,273 1,282 Business services................... 9,455.1 9,814.3 9,808.9 9,932.0 9,339 9,735 9,715 9,773 9,770 9,811 Services to buildings............. 1,002.2 1,009.8 1,006.4 1,005.3 992 1,001 996 997 1,000 995 Personnel supply services......... 3,723.5 3,894.5 3,869.8 3,971.2 3,626 3,885 3,855 3,873 3,854 3,876 Help supply services............ 3,343.6 3,478.1 3,453.1 3,542.5 3,251 3,485 3,440 3,444 3,435 3,446 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,858.9 1,938.1 1,947.3 1,957.9 1,857 1,927 1,929 1,933 1,948 1,956 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,190.1 1,200.6 1,201.4 1,205.1 1,185 1,195 1,192 1,191 1,194 1,200 Miscellaneous repair services....... 379.3 386.6 386.6 385.8 376 383 383 384 383 383 Motion pictures..................... 630.9 638.1 645.0 651.9 618 634 632 635 634 638 Amusement and recreation services... 1,927.6 2,053.0 2,121.2 2,087.9 1,664 1,752 1,755 1,789 1,794 1,803 Health services..................... 10024.1 10148.6 10167.6 10173.7 10,008 10,093 10,104 10,116 10,143 10,157 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,893.0 1,933.9 1,936.2 1,940.1 1,885 1,925 1,928 1,928 1,930 1,932 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,790.5 1,792.1 1,792.6 1,799.0 1,786 1,789 1,788 1,786 1,787 1,794 Hospitals......................... 3,993.4 4,016.5 4,030.4 4,027.6 3,987 3,999 4,005 4,008 4,018 4,021 Home health care services......... 633.9 644.4 644.6 641.5 636 641 641 642 645 644 Legal services...................... 1,005.1 1,028.5 1,028.6 1,020.5 999 1,004 1,006 1,009 1,012 1,015 Educational services................ 1,971.2 2,163.5 2,080.4 2,046.4 2,292 2,329 2,356 2,374 2,379 2,379 Social services..................... 2,774.4 2,943.4 2,900.5 2,909.4 2,808 2,940 2,946 2,945 2,916 2,950 Child day care services........... 642.9 744.3 696.1 701.5 701 753 758 760 765 765 Residential care.................. 784.9 826.9 832.3 832.8 780 812 816 820 826 828 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 105.1 110.2 111.8 110.6 98 102 101 103 103 103 Membership organizations............ 2,465.2 2,479.4 2,503.7 2,475.3 2,426 2,439 2,438 2,441 2,431 2,436 Engineering and management services. 3,289.4 3,438.5 3,441.5 3,451.9 3,276 3,368 3,390 3,415 3,410 3,438 Engineering and architectural services....................... 971.0 1,017.9 1,023.0 1,026.4 957 987 995 1,005 1,007 1,011 Management and public relations... 1,050.6 1,116.2 1,114.4 1,119.4 1,045 1,088 1,096 1,110 1,105 1,113 Services, nec....................... 51.8 53.8 54.4 54.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Government1........................... 19,006 20,906 19,501 19,273 20,211 20,667 21,012 20,802 20,587 20,465 Federal1............................ 2,657 3,122 2,837 2,676 2,655 2,885 3,238 3,092 2,819 2,674 Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,794.7 2,263.4 1,980.0 1,816.8 1,783 2,022 2,374 2,230 1,954 1,805 State............................... 4,443 4,568 4,489 4,479 4,698 4,744 4,737 4,716 4,734 4,734 Education......................... 1,682.0 1,785.3 1,690.2 1,682.8 1,972 1,990 1,983 1,967 1,982 1,972 Other State government............ 2,760.7 2,782.9 2,798.5 2,796.6 2,726 2,754 2,754 2,749 2,752 2,762 Local............................... 11,906 13,216 12,175 12,118 12,858 13,038 13,037 12,994 13,034 13,057 Education......................... 6,130.4 7,382.7 6,214.0 6,213.7 7,305 7,408 7,395 7,361 7,387 7,381 Other local government............ 5,775.8 5,833.2 5,960.9 5,904.2 5,553 5,630 5,642 5,633 5,647 5,676 1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000. Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, and 41,000 in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, and August 2000 respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... 35.1 34.6 34.9 34.7 34.5 34.6 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.3 Goods-producing......................... 41.4 41.2 40.9 41.1 41.1 41.5 40.9 40.9 41.1 40.8 Mining................................ 44.5 45.1 45.2 45.0 44.1 45.3 44.1 44.7 45.2 44.6 Construction.......................... 40.0 39.6 40.3 40.2 39.0 39.6 39.2 38.7 39.3 39.2 Manufacturing......................... 41.8 41.7 41.1 41.4 41.8 42.2 41.4 41.6 41.7 41.3 Overtime hours.................... 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 Durable goods........................ 42.3 42.3 41.6 41.9 42.3 42.8 42.0 42.2 42.5 41.9 Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.8 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 Lumber and wood products............ 41.8 41.1 40.7 40.9 41.2 41.2 40.7 40.8 41.1 40.4 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.7 39.9 39.5 39.9 40.3 40.6 40.3 39.9 40.0 39.5 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.1 43.5 43.8 43.8 43.5 43.6 43.0 42.9 43.7 43.2 Primary metal industries............ 44.1 44.1 43.4 43.3 44.4 44.9 43.8 43.9 44.2 43.5 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 44.9 45.0 44.7 44.1 45.0 45.0 44.7 45.0 45.0 44.2 Fabricated metal products........... 42.3 42.5 41.7 42.0 42.3 43.0 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.0 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.1 42.5 41.9 41.9 42.3 42.9 42.2 42.5 42.6 42.1 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 41.6 41.5 41.1 41.1 41.6 42.2 41.3 41.4 41.9 41.1 Transportation equipment............ 43.7 44.0 41.9 43.2 43.9 44.3 43.2 44.0 43.9 43.5 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.7 45.3 41.9 44.2 45.1 45.5 44.2 45.3 44.4 44.7 Instruments and related products.... 41.4 41.2 41.2 41.0 41.5 41.6 41.2 41.3 41.8 41.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.0 39.5 38.9 39.5 40.0 39.8 39.3 39.4 39.7 39.4 Nondurable goods..................... 41.0 40.8 40.3 40.6 41.0 41.3 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.5 Overtime hours.................... 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 Food and kindred products........... 42.0 41.4 41.2 41.7 41.7 41.9 41.2 41.5 41.2 41.5 Tobacco products.................... 40.1 40.1 39.5 40.3 39.8 40.8 39.6 39.4 40.5 40.0 Textile mill products............... 41.1 41.4 40.5 40.6 41.0 41.9 41.1 41.1 41.2 40.4 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.5 37.4 36.8 36.8 37.4 38.0 37.1 37.0 37.3 36.7 Paper and allied products........... 43.3 42.8 42.2 42.1 43.6 43.6 42.8 42.8 42.4 42.4 Printing and publishing............. 38.4 37.8 37.9 38.2 38.3 38.5 38.0 38.2 38.2 38.1 Chemicals and allied products....... 43.1 42.9 42.8 42.7 43.2 42.9 42.7 42.9 43.3 42.8 Petroleum and coal products......... 42.6 43.6 45.1 43.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.4 41.6 40.6 41.0 41.7 42.1 41.3 41.4 41.3 41.2 Leather and leather products........ 38.7 38.4 36.5 38.5 37.9 38.9 38.2 37.8 37.3 37.8 Service-producing....................... 33.5 32.9 33.3 33.1 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.9 32.7 32.7 Transportation and public utilities... 39.4 38.5 39.2 38.7 38.8 38.7 38.4 38.4 38.8 38.2 Wholesale trade....................... 38.6 38.5 38.8 38.2 38.3 38.6 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.2 Retail trade.......................... 29.9 29.3 29.8 29.6 29.0 28.8 28.8 29.0 28.8 28.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 37.0 36.2 36.7 36.0 36.3 36.3 36.2 36.5 36.3 36.1 Services.............................. 33.2 32.7 33.0 32.9 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. June July Aug. Aug. June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... $13.20 $13.62 $13.69 $13.68 $463.32 $471.25 $477.78 $474.70 Seasonally adjusted............. 13.30 13.70 13.76 13.80 458.85 472.65 473.34 473.34 Goods-producing......................... 14.95 15.36 15.49 15.51 618.93 632.83 633.54 637.46 Mining................................ 17.05 17.09 17.14 17.04 758.73 770.76 774.73 766.80 Construction.......................... 17.31 17.74 17.96 18.06 692.40 702.50 723.79 726.01 Manufacturing......................... 13.95 14.34 14.37 14.38 583.11 597.98 590.61 595.33 Durable goods........................ 14.47 14.90 14.87 14.92 612.08 630.27 618.59 625.15 Lumber and wood products............ 11.54 11.82 11.85 11.83 482.37 485.80 482.30 483.85 Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.28 11.73 11.81 11.81 459.10 468.03 466.50 471.22 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.94 14.36 14.42 14.40 614.75 624.66 631.60 630.72 Primary metal industries............ 15.98 16.52 16.69 16.59 704.72 728.53 724.35 718.35 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 18.93 19.62 19.82 19.59 849.96 882.90 885.95 863.92 Fabricated metal products........... 13.52 13.82 13.81 13.90 571.90 587.35 575.88 583.80 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.14 15.51 15.61 15.60 637.39 659.18 654.06 653.64 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.52 13.72 13.81 13.81 562.43 569.38 567.59 567.59 Transportation equipment............ 18.17 19.01 18.65 18.87 794.03 836.44 781.44 815.18 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.53 19.62 19.07 19.31 828.29 888.79 799.03 853.50 Instruments and related products.... 14.28 14.49 14.71 14.71 591.19 596.99 606.05 603.11 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.31 11.60 11.66 11.65 452.40 458.20 453.57 460.18 Nondurable goods..................... 13.17 13.48 13.62 13.57 539.97 549.98 548.89 550.94 Food and kindred products........... 12.07 12.39 12.46 12.43 506.94 512.95 513.35 518.33 Tobacco products.................... 20.86 20.87 21.12 20.78 836.49 836.89 834.24 837.43 Textile mill products............... 10.72 10.91 10.96 10.98 440.59 451.67 443.88 445.79 Apparel and other textile products.. 8.88 9.07 9.06 9.09 333.00 339.22 333.41 334.51 Paper and allied products........... 15.95 16.18 16.27 16.18 690.64 692.50 686.59 681.18 Printing and publishing............. 13.83 14.15 14.28 14.30 531.07 534.87 541.21 546.26 Chemicals and allied products....... 17.41 17.91 18.32 18.32 750.37 768.34 784.10 782.26 Petroleum and coal products......... 21.21 21.19 21.26 21.08 903.55 923.88 958.83 923.30 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.37 12.72 12.82 12.77 512.12 529.15 520.49 523.57 Leather and leather products........ 9.86 10.08 10.06 10.13 381.58 387.07 367.19 390.01 Service-producing....................... 12.65 13.07 13.13 13.10 423.78 430.00 437.23 433.61 Transportation and public utilities... $15.69 $16.17 $16.21 $16.24 $618.19 $622.55 $635.43 $628.49 Wholesale trade....................... 14.65 15.04 15.26 15.21 565.49 579.04 592.09 581.02 Retail trade.......................... 9.05 9.38 9.38 9.39 270.60 274.83 279.52 277.94 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.62 14.93 15.02 14.98 540.94 540.47 551.23 539.28 Services.............................. 13.23 13.68 13.75 13.72 439.24 447.34 453.75 451.39 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. change Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from: July 2000- Aug. 2000 Total private: Current dollars.............. $13.30 $13.64 $13.66 $13.70 $13.76 $13.80 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.87 7.87 7.88 7.86 7.88 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 14.91 15.30 15.29 15.34 15.41 15.46 .3 Mining...................... 17.16 17.26 17.25 17.24 17.24 17.15 -.5 Construction................ 17.21 17.78 17.75 17.77 17.91 17.95 .2 Manufacturing............... 14.01 14.28 14.27 14.36 14.39 14.44 .3 Excluding overtime4....... 13.27 13.49 13.53 13.60 13.64 13.70 .4 Service-producing............. 12.78 13.11 13.15 13.19 13.24 13.28 .3 Transportation and public utilities................ 15.73 16.12 16.22 16.28 16.19 16.28 .6 Wholesale trade............. 14.65 15.03 15.02 15.16 15.23 15.28 .3 Retail trade................ 9.13 9.39 9.39 9.43 9.45 9.48 .3 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 14.65 14.98 15.01 15.05 15.04 15.11 .5 Services.................... 13.42 13.74 13.79 13.82 13.90 13.96 .4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .3 percent from June 2000 to July 2000, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... 152.6 153.6 154.9 154.2 148.4 151.7 150.5 151.3 151.4 150.9 Goods-producing......................... 119.0 119.1 118.6 119.5 115.5 118.3 116.3 116.3 117.4 115.9 Mining................................ 51.1 52.3 52.7 52.8 49.7 52.2 50.7 51.4 52.0 51.3 Construction.......................... 192.0 194.0 201.3 200.8 174.6 186.3 183.6 181.4 184.2 183.1 Manufacturing......................... 107.6 107.2 104.8 106.1 107.1 107.9 106.0 106.4 107.2 105.5 Durable goods........................ 112.1 112.9 109.7 110.9 112.1 113.1 111.2 111.8 112.9 110.9 Lumber and wood products............ 152.6 148.8 146.5 147.1 147.9 147.9 146.1 145.8 146.0 142.9 Furniture and fixtures.............. 140.2 139.5 136.5 138.7 139.0 141.4 140.9 139.5 141.2 137.5 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 119.6 118.6 119.3 119.1 115.4 116.2 114.6 114.1 117.3 115.2 Primary metal industries............ 91.0 91.9 89.1 89.2 92.1 93.3 91.0 91.0 91.5 89.9 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 71.3 71.7 70.9 70.0 71.5 71.5 70.6 70.7 71.1 70.2 Fabricated metal products........... 119.2 122.8 118.6 120.1 119.5 123.0 121.2 121.9 123.3 120.6 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 103.2 106.1 104.0 103.8 104.8 106.2 104.5 105.7 106.4 105.3 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 107.2 108.3 107.2 108.3 107.7 109.6 107.1 107.8 110.2 108.7 Transportation equipment............ 126.9 127.0 117.6 122.1 127.6 126.7 123.6 125.9 125.5 122.8 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 169.5 172.7 153.1 163.2 170.9 171.7 166.4 171.2 166.9 164.6 Instruments and related products.... 76.3 74.3 74.6 74.0 76.5 74.7 74.0 74.3 76.0 74.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 103.2 101.0 97.3 100.6 103.2 103.0 100.2 100.1 100.9 100.1 Nondurable goods..................... 101.5 99.5 98.2 99.6 100.1 100.7 98.9 99.0 99.4 98.2 Food and kindred products........... 122.9 116.8 118.6 122.9 116.5 118.4 116.3 117.3 117.2 116.8 Tobacco products.................... 50.9 44.3 43.1 46.2 49.3 50.5 49.0 48.8 50.2 45.6 Textile mill products............... 80.4 79.7 76.8 77.3 80.1 80.6 78.7 78.6 78.7 76.9 Apparel and other textile products.. 59.9 57.5 55.1 55.5 59.5 59.2 57.2 56.1 57.3 55.3 Paper and allied products........... 107.0 105.9 103.6 103.5 107.3 106.7 104.8 105.2 103.8 104.0 Printing and publishing............. 122.3 121.5 121.9 122.7 122.0 123.2 121.7 122.4 122.8 122.4 Chemicals and allied products....... 102.5 102.6 101.4 101.0 102.6 102.7 102.1 102.0 102.8 101.1 Petroleum and coal products......... 73.3 64.6 66.6 65.4 71.4 66.6 64.0 62.9 64.7 63.4 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 146.8 149.0 143.3 145.5 147.7 149.3 146.8 147.6 148.2 146.3 Leather and leather products........ 34.4 32.7 29.5 32.4 33.8 32.9 32.3 31.9 32.1 31.9 Service-producing....................... 167.6 169.1 171.2 169.8 163.2 166.6 165.9 167.0 166.6 166.6 Transportation and public utilities... 136.1 137.7 139.3 136.1 134.6 137.3 136.1 136.4 138.5 134.7 Wholesale trade....................... 132.2 133.6 134.5 132.4 130.3 133.0 133.1 133.0 132.6 131.7 Retail trade.......................... 149.1 148.2 150.7 149.6 143.5 144.9 143.9 145.3 144.6 144.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 143.7 140.4 143.2 140.6 139.2 139.3 138.7 139.8 139.1 138.9 Services.............................. 207.4 212.0 214.1 213.4 202.3 208.6 207.9 209.5 208.5 209.9 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0 1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2 1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4 1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0 2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 p57.7 p52.1 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3 1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1 1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4 1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1 2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 p57.0 p58.0 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4 1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4 1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1 1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6 2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 p61.9 p59.7 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9 1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4 1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1 1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2 2000.............. p65.0 p63.5 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2 1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4 1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9 1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4 2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 p55.4 p38.8 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6 1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0 1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6 1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7 2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 p52.5 p47.8 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7 1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7 1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7 1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1 2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 p52.5 p46.8 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7 1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2 1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5 1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0 2000.............. p47.8 p45.3 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.