Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 02-509 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, September 6, 2002. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: AUGUST 2002 Both payroll employment and the unemployment rate were little changed in August, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Job gains in services, government, and construction were largely offset by losses in manufacturing and retail trade. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the unemployment rate, 5.7 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, 8.1 million, were little changed over the month. The jobless rates for the major worker groups--adult men (5.2 percent), adult women (4.9 percent), teenagers (17.2 percent), whites (5.1 percent), blacks (9.6 percent), and Hispanics (7.5 percent)--showed little or no change. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) The number of persons unemployed 15 weeks or more was 2.8 million in August, down from the recent high of 3.1 million in June. (See table A-6.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment rose by 429,000 to 134.5 million in August, after seasonal adjustment. The employment-population ratio was up by 0.2 percentage point to 62.8 percent. The civilian labor force (142.6 million) and the labor force participation rate (66.6 percent) were essentially unchanged over the month. (See table A-1.) About 6.8 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in August. These multiple jobholders represented 5.0 percent of the total employed. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in August, essentially the same as a year earlier. These individuals reported that they wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 372,000 in August. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| July- Category | 2002 | 2002 | Aug. |_________________|__________________________|change | I | II | June | July | Aug. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 141,868| 142,605| 142,476| 142,390| 142,616| 226 Employment..........| 133,894| 134,149| 134,053| 134,045| 134,474| 429 Unemployment........| 7,975| 8,456| 8,424| 8,345| 8,142| -203 Not in labor force....| 71,342| 71,059| 71,366| 71,633| 71,609| -24 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 5.6| 5.9| 5.9| 5.9| 5.7| -0.2 Adult men...........| 5.1| 5.3| 5.4| 5.2| 5.2| .0 Adult women.........| 4.9| 5.2| 5.1| 5.2| 4.9| -.3 Teenagers...........| 16.0| 17.1| 17.6| 17.7| 17.2| -.5 White...............| 5.0| 5.2| 5.2| 5.3| 5.1| -.2 Black...............| 10.1| 10.7| 10.7| 9.9| 9.6| -.3 Hispanic origin.....| 7.5| 7.4| 7.4| 7.6| 7.5| -.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 130,759| 130,706| 130,736|p130,803|p130,842| p39 Goods-producing 1/..| 24,049| 23,879| 23,861| p23,820| p23,787| p-33 Construction......| 6,602| 6,544| 6,549| p6,519| p6,553| p34 Manufacturing.....| 16,883| 16,776| 16,757| p16,750| p16,682| p-68 Service-producing 1/| 106,711| 106,827| 106,875|p106,983|p107,055| p72 Retail trade......| 23,353| 23,327| 23,308| p23,341| p23,286| p-55 Services..........| 40,924| 41,090| 41,152| p41,212| p41,312| p100 Government........| 21,165| 21,201| 21,211| p21,231| p21,272| p41 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.2| 34.2| 34.3| p34.0| p34.1| p0.1 Manufacturing.......| 40.8| 41.0| 41.1| p40.7| p40.8| p.1 Overtime..........| 4.0| 4.2| 4.3| p4.0| p4.2| p.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 148.2| 148.3| 148.6| p147.5| p147.9| p0.4 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $14.62| $14.71| $14.75| p$14.78| p$14.82| p$0.04 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 499.52| 503.58| 505.93| p502.52| p505.36| p2.84 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed (+39,000) in August at 130.8 million. Since its recent low in April, payroll employment has edged up by 162,000. (See table B-1.) The services industry added 100,000 jobs in August. Employment in this industry has risen by 411,000 since February. Employment in health services rose by 26,000 in August, in line with the average monthly increase over the prior 12 months. The help supply industry, which provides workers to other businesses, added 51,000 jobs over the month, following a decline of 30,000 in July. Since its recent low point in February of this year, employment in help supply services has risen by 165,000. Government employment rose by 41,000 over the month. The federal government added 20,000 jobs, mostly reflecting an increase in the number of federal security personnel at airports. Employment in local government grew by 34,000 in August, due largely to a gain in local education. State education employment fell by 20,000, after increasing by the same amount in July. Employment in construction increased by 34,000 in August. Despite this one-month increase, the level of construction employment in August was essentially the same as in April. Manufacturing employment declined by 68,000 in August; this compares with losses in the prior 4 months that averaged 18,000. In August, job losses were widespread, including substantial declines in electronic and other electrical equipment (-18,000) and industrial machinery and equipment (-13,000). After remaining fairly steady from January through July, employment in fabricated metal products decreased by 10,000 in August. Rubber and plastics manufacturing lost 7,000 jobs, offsetting the previous month’s increase. Retail trade, which had shown little change on balance since February, lost 55,000 jobs in August. A decline in department store employment (-41,000) accounted for most of the drop. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in August to 34.1 hours, seasonally adjusted. This follows a decline of 0.3 hour in July. The manufacturing workweek also was up by 0.1 hour over the month to 40.8 hours. Manufacturing overtime rose by 0.2 hour to 4.2 hours. Both measures had declined in July. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.3 percent in August to 147.9 (1982=100). The manufacturing index was down by 0.2 percent over the month. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in August to $14.82, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings increased by 0.6 percent over the month to $505.36. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings grew by 3.1 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for September 2002 is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Upcoming Changes to National Nonfarm Payroll | | Series in June 2003 | | | | NAICS conversion. The nonfarm payroll series, produced from the | | Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, will be converted from | | the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis to the 2002 | | North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) basis with the | | June 6, 2003, release of May 2003 estimates. The NAICS conversion | | involves major definitional changes to many of the currently pub- | | lished SIC-based series. After the conversion to NAICS, SIC-based | | series will no longer be produced or published. Historical time | | series will be reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process. | | All published series will have a NAICS-based history extending back | | to at least January 1990. For total nonfarm and other high-level | | aggregates, NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current | | starting date for these series. For more detailed series, the | | starting date will vary depending on the scope of the definitional | | changes between SIC and NAICS. The NAICS-based reconstruction | | effort will cover all CES published data types: all employees, | | women workers, production workers, average weekly hours, average | | hourly earnings, and derivative series (for example, indexes of | | aggregate weekly hours). | | | | Completion of the CES sample redesign. June 6, 2003, also will | | mark the completion of the CES sample redesign phase-in. The | | redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a probabi- | | lity based sample. In June 2003, the services industries will be | | converted to the new sample design; all other private sector indus- | | tries have already been converted. The final stage of sample | | redesign phase-in may result in level shifts for average weekly | | hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women worker | | series. New levels for these series are being recomputed from the | | NAICS-based probability sample. | | | | | Concurrent seasonal adjustment. Also beginning in June 2003, the | | CES program will convert to concurrent seasonal adjustment, which | | uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the | | current month, in developing seasonal factors. Currently, the CES | | program projects seasonal factors twice a year. With the introduc- | | tion of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish | | seasonal factors for CES national estimates. | | | | Change to federal government series. Beginning in June 2003, the | | CES series for federal government employment will be revised slightly | | in scope and definition due to a change in source data and estimation | | methods. The current national series is an end-of-month federal | | employee count produced by the Office of Personnel Management, and it | | excludes some workers, mostly employees who work in Department of | | Defense-owned establishments such as military base commissaries. The | | CES national series will include these workers. Also, federal govern-| | ment employment will be estimated from a sample of federal establish- | | ments, will be benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment | | insurance tax records, and will reflect employee counts as of the pay | | period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES | | industry series. The historical time series for federal government | | employment will be revised to reflect these changes. | | | | Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is | | available through the BLS public database on the Internet, via the | | CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555. | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 6 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2002, the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 37 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 7 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 8 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 9 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or $50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 212,135 214,023 214,225 212,135 213,492 213,658 213,842 214,023 214,225 Civilian labor force............................ 141,862 143,885 143,176 141,380 142,570 142,769 142,476 142,390 142,616 Participation rate........................ 66.9 67.2 66.8 66.6 66.8 66.8 66.6 66.5 66.6 Employed...................................... 134,905 135,289 135,028 134,408 133,976 134,417 134,053 134,045 134,474 Employment-population ratio............... 63.6 63.2 63.0 63.4 62.8 62.9 62.7 62.6 62.8 Agriculture................................. 3,419 3,671 3,479 3,126 3,154 3,097 3,110 3,282 3,188 Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,487 131,618 131,549 131,282 130,823 131,320 130,942 130,763 131,286 Unemployed.................................... 6,956 8,595 8,148 6,972 8,594 8,351 8,424 8,345 8,142 Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 6.0 5.7 4.9 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.7 Not in labor force.............................. 70,274 70,139 71,049 70,755 70,922 70,889 71,366 71,633 71,609 Persons who currently want a job.............. 5,062 4,856 4,751 4,788 4,468 4,779 4,689 4,895 4,503 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,995 102,945 103,046 101,995 102,682 102,765 102,856 102,945 103,046 Civilian labor force............................ 76,102 77,274 76,669 75,538 76,009 76,415 76,189 76,041 76,088 Participation rate........................ 74.6 75.1 74.4 74.1 74.0 74.4 74.1 73.9 73.8 Employed...................................... 72,554 72,831 72,456 71,705 71,397 71,894 71,524 71,509 71,552 Employment-population ratio............... 71.1 70.7 70.3 70.3 69.5 70.0 69.5 69.5 69.4 Unemployed.................................... 3,548 4,443 4,213 3,833 4,611 4,521 4,665 4,532 4,536 Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 5.7 5.5 5.1 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 93,810 94,694 94,756 93,810 94,414 94,479 94,622 94,694 94,756 Civilian labor force............................ 71,713 72,437 72,418 71,523 72,098 72,428 72,288 72,172 72,203 Participation rate........................ 76.4 76.5 76.4 76.2 76.4 76.7 76.4 76.2 76.2 Employed...................................... 68,828 68,877 68,958 68,388 68,193 68,647 68,390 68,405 68,447 Employment-population ratio............... 73.4 72.7 72.8 72.9 72.2 72.7 72.3 72.2 72.2 Agriculture................................. 2,301 2,463 2,400 2,129 2,213 2,125 2,138 2,256 2,221 Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,527 66,413 66,557 66,259 65,980 66,522 66,251 66,149 66,226 Unemployed.................................... 2,885 3,560 3,460 3,135 3,905 3,781 3,899 3,767 3,757 Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 4.9 4.8 4.4 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 110,140 111,078 111,179 110,140 110,809 110,893 110,985 111,078 111,179 Civilian labor force............................ 65,759 66,610 66,507 65,842 66,561 66,354 66,287 66,349 66,527 Participation rate........................ 59.7 60.0 59.8 59.8 60.1 59.8 59.7 59.7 59.8 Employed...................................... 62,352 62,458 62,572 62,703 62,579 62,524 62,528 62,536 62,922 Employment-population ratio............... 56.6 56.2 56.3 56.9 56.5 56.4 56.3 56.3 56.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,408 4,152 3,934 3,139 3,982 3,830 3,759 3,813 3,605 Unemployment rate......................... 5.2 6.2 5.9 4.8 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 102,165 103,127 103,256 102,165 102,847 102,936 103,038 103,127 103,256 Civilian labor force............................ 61,743 62,098 62,448 62,142 62,724 62,597 62,481 62,590 62,783 Participation rate........................ 60.4 60.2 60.5 60.8 61.0 60.8 60.6 60.7 60.8 Employed...................................... 58,851 58,656 59,037 59,526 59,333 59,337 59,316 59,364 59,710 Employment-population ratio............... 57.6 56.9 57.2 58.3 57.7 57.6 57.6 57.6 57.8 Agriculture................................. 820 867 806 781 732 760 749 814 772 Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,032 57,789 58,231 58,745 58,602 58,577 58,567 58,550 58,938 Unemployed.................................... 2,892 3,442 3,411 2,616 3,391 3,260 3,165 3,226 3,073 Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 5.5 5.5 4.2 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,161 16,202 16,212 16,161 16,231 16,243 16,182 16,202 16,212 Civilian labor force............................ 8,406 9,349 8,310 7,715 7,748 7,744 7,707 7,629 7,630 Participation rate........................ 52.0 57.7 51.3 47.7 47.7 47.7 47.6 47.1 47.1 Employed...................................... 7,226 7,756 7,033 6,494 6,450 6,434 6,347 6,276 6,318 Employment-population ratio............... 44.7 47.9 43.4 40.2 39.7 39.6 39.2 38.7 39.0 Agriculture................................. 299 341 272 216 209 213 223 213 196 Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,928 7,416 6,761 6,278 6,240 6,221 6,124 6,064 6,122 Unemployed.................................... 1,180 1,593 1,277 1,221 1,298 1,310 1,360 1,352 1,312 Unemployment rate......................... 14.0 17.0 15.4 15.8 16.8 16.9 17.6 17.7 17.2 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 176,069 177,345 177,486 176,069 176,972 177,087 177,217 177,345 177,486 Civilian labor force............................ 118,065 119,749 119,117 117,813 118,661 118,742 118,530 118,678 118,919 Participation rate.......................... 67.1 67.5 67.1 66.9 67.1 67.1 66.9 66.9 67.0 Employed...................................... 113,084 113,470 113,159 112,740 112,426 112,563 112,382 112,446 112,844 Employment-population ratio................. 64.2 64.0 63.8 64.0 63.5 63.6 63.4 63.4 63.6 Unemployed.................................... 4,981 6,279 5,958 5,073 6,236 6,179 6,148 6,233 6,075 Unemployment rate........................... 4.2 5.2 5.0 4.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.1 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 60,648 61,202 61,200 60,631 60,867 61,095 61,007 61,068 61,240 Participation rate.......................... 76.8 76.9 76.8 76.8 76.6 76.9 76.7 76.7 76.9 Employed...................................... 58,589 58,571 58,623 58,306 57,921 58,170 58,112 58,164 58,332 Employment-population ratio................. 74.2 73.6 73.6 73.8 72.9 73.2 73.1 73.1 73.2 Unemployed.................................... 2,059 2,631 2,577 2,325 2,946 2,926 2,895 2,904 2,908 Unemployment rate........................... 3.4 4.3 4.2 3.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.8 4.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 50,268 50,671 50,913 50,655 51,289 51,163 51,060 51,125 51,297 Participation rate.......................... 59.6 59.7 59.9 60.1 60.5 60.4 60.2 60.2 60.4 Employed...................................... 48,204 48,221 48,438 48,809 48,908 48,871 48,812 48,856 49,076 Employment-population ratio................. 57.2 56.8 57.0 57.9 57.7 57.7 57.5 57.6 57.8 Unemployed.................................... 2,065 2,450 2,475 1,846 2,381 2,292 2,248 2,268 2,221 Unemployment rate........................... 4.1 4.8 4.9 3.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 7,149 7,875 7,004 6,527 6,505 6,483 6,464 6,485 6,382 Participation rate.......................... 55.8 61.3 54.5 50.9 50.7 50.5 50.3 50.5 49.7 Employed...................................... 6,292 6,677 6,098 5,625 5,596 5,522 5,458 5,425 5,437 Employment-population ratio................. 49.1 52.0 47.5 43.9 43.6 43.0 42.5 42.2 42.3 Unemployed.................................... 857 1,198 906 902 908 961 1,006 1,060 945 Unemployment rate........................... 12.0 15.2 12.9 13.8 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.4 14.8 Men....................................... 12.8 16.9 15.0 15.1 15.4 15.4 17.7 19.1 17.5 Women..................................... 11.0 13.4 10.8 12.4 12.5 14.2 13.4 13.6 12.1 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,604 25,961 26,000 25,604 25,868 25,898 25,930 25,961 26,000 Civilian labor force............................ 16,788 16,918 16,829 16,720 16,941 16,887 16,822 16,618 16,753 Participation rate.......................... 65.6 65.2 64.7 65.3 65.5 65.2 64.9 64.0 64.4 Employed...................................... 15,215 15,109 15,149 15,210 15,045 15,168 15,027 14,976 15,142 Employment-population ratio................. 59.4 58.2 58.3 59.4 58.2 58.6 58.0 57.7 58.2 Unemployed.................................... 1,572 1,809 1,680 1,510 1,896 1,718 1,794 1,642 1,611 Unemployment rate........................... 9.4 10.7 10.0 9.0 11.2 10.2 10.7 9.9 9.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,418 7,521 7,489 7,418 7,528 7,573 7,543 7,472 7,492 Participation rate.......................... 72.3 72.1 71.7 72.2 72.5 72.8 72.4 71.6 71.7 Employed...................................... 6,772 6,806 6,841 6,763 6,831 6,925 6,760 6,800 6,834 Employment-population ratio................. 66.0 65.3 65.5 65.9 65.8 66.6 64.9 65.2 65.4 Unemployed.................................... 646 715 648 655 698 648 783 673 658 Unemployment rate........................... 8.7 9.5 8.7 8.8 9.3 8.6 10.4 9.0 8.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,387 8,327 8,384 8,426 8,458 8,401 8,363 8,348 8,414 Participation rate.......................... 65.3 63.9 64.2 65.6 65.1 64.6 64.3 64.1 64.5 Employed...................................... 7,756 7,534 7,642 7,835 7,597 7,606 7,628 7,602 7,719 Employment-population ratio................. 60.4 57.8 58.5 61.0 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.3 59.1 Unemployed.................................... 631 794 742 591 860 794 735 746 695 Unemployment rate........................... 7.5 9.5 8.8 7.0 10.2 9.5 8.8 8.9 8.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 982 1,069 956 876 954 913 916 798 847 Participation rate.......................... 39.5 42.8 38.2 35.2 38.3 36.6 36.6 31.9 33.9 Employed...................................... 687 769 666 612 617 637 639 575 589 Employment-population ratio................. 27.7 30.8 26.6 24.6 24.7 25.5 25.6 23.0 23.5 Unemployed.................................... 295 300 290 264 338 276 276 223 258 Unemployment rate........................... 30.0 28.1 30.4 30.1 35.4 30.2 30.2 28.0 30.5 Men....................................... 32.7 23.8 32.0 31.4 37.3 36.8 30.0 20.5 30.5 Women..................................... 27.2 32.2 28.7 28.7 33.5 22.3 30.4 34.8 30.4 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 23,222 23,935 23,999 23,222 23,732 23,797 23,867 23,935 23,999 Civilian labor force............................ 15,798 16,341 16,245 15,788 16,156 16,085 16,146 16,304 16,240 Participation rate.......................... 68.0 68.3 67.7 68.0 68.1 67.6 67.6 68.1 67.7 Employed...................................... 14,778 15,111 15,029 14,771 14,877 14,963 14,959 15,066 15,014 Employment-population ratio................. 63.6 63.1 62.6 63.6 62.7 62.9 62.7 62.9 62.6 Unemployed.................................... 1,020 1,231 1,215 1,017 1,279 1,122 1,187 1,238 1,225 Unemployment rate........................... 6.5 7.5 7.5 6.4 7.9 7.0 7.4 7.6 7.5 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 27,468 27,112 26,900 27,468 28,155 28,073 28,105 27,112 26,900 Civilian labor force.................... 12,034 11,642 11,817 11,954 12,410 12,356 12,254 11,770 11,752 Percent of population............... 43.8 42.9 43.9 43.5 44.1 44.0 43.6 43.4 43.7 Employed.............................. 11,239 10,700 10,912 11,086 11,297 11,306 11,288 10,743 10,762 Employment-population ratio......... 40.9 39.5 40.6 40.4 40.1 40.3 40.2 39.6 40.0 Unemployed............................ 795 942 905 868 1,113 1,051 966 1,028 991 Unemployment rate................... 6.6 8.1 7.7 7.3 9.0 8.5 7.9 8.7 8.4 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,513 57,012 57,778 57,513 56,904 57,063 57,070 57,012 57,778 Civilian labor force.................... 36,674 36,504 36,916 37,005 36,547 36,648 36,737 37,149 37,203 Percent of population............... 63.8 64.0 63.9 64.3 64.2 64.2 64.4 65.2 64.4 Employed.............................. 35,105 34,651 35,076 35,403 34,459 34,605 34,676 35,250 35,323 Employment-population ratio......... 61.0 60.8 60.7 61.6 60.6 60.6 60.8 61.8 61.1 Unemployed............................ 1,569 1,853 1,840 1,602 2,089 2,042 2,061 1,898 1,880 Unemployment rate................... 4.3 5.1 5.0 4.3 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.1 5.1 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,339 45,695 45,494 45,339 44,670 44,541 44,897 45,695 45,494 Civilian labor force.................... 33,440 33,317 33,264 33,412 32,845 32,786 32,962 33,162 33,184 Percent of population............... 73.8 72.9 73.1 73.7 73.5 73.6 73.4 72.6 72.9 Employed.............................. 32,310 31,788 31,773 32,314 31,314 31,184 31,413 31,693 31,742 Employment-population ratio......... 71.3 69.6 69.8 71.3 70.1 70.0 70.0 69.4 69.8 Unemployed............................ 1,130 1,529 1,490 1,098 1,532 1,602 1,550 1,469 1,443 Unemployment rate................... 3.4 4.6 4.5 3.3 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.4 4.3 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 46,734 48,755 48,583 46,734 48,373 48,583 48,435 48,755 48,583 Civilian labor force.................... 36,528 37,788 37,779 36,751 38,394 38,359 38,084 37,850 37,996 Percent of population............... 78.2 77.5 77.8 78.6 79.4 79.0 78.6 77.6 78.2 Employed.............................. 35,547 36,566 36,568 35,930 37,236 37,239 36,971 36,750 36,974 Employment-population ratio......... 76.1 75.0 75.3 76.9 77.0 76.6 76.3 75.4 76.1 Unemployed............................ 980 1,222 1,211 821 1,158 1,121 1,113 1,100 1,021 Unemployment rate................... 2.7 3.2 3.2 2.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,905 135,289 135,028 134,408 133,976 134,417 134,053 134,045 134,474 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,215 43,273 43,458 43,143 43,167 43,548 43,140 43,273 43,371 Married women, spouse present................... 33,129 32,727 33,183 33,685 33,446 33,371 33,362 33,361 33,723 Women who maintain families..................... 8,389 8,496 8,494 8,328 8,266 8,397 8,465 8,521 8,419 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 41,465 41,687 41,813 41,777 42,167 41,901 41,675 41,978 42,152 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,625 38,574 38,698 38,817 38,140 38,346 38,740 38,458 38,892 Service occupations............................. 18,287 19,183 18,921 18,134 18,749 18,909 18,889 18,752 18,771 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 15,200 14,383 14,541 14,937 14,274 14,365 14,375 14,073 14,242 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,780 17,481 17,340 17,600 17,377 17,468 17,152 17,327 17,142 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,548 3,981 3,714 3,182 3,290 3,265 3,285 3,501 3,340 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,032 2,289 2,110 1,852 1,896 1,911 1,909 2,031 1,927 Self-employed workers......................... 1,349 1,349 1,337 1,239 1,216 1,156 1,158 1,227 1,231 Unpaid family workers......................... 38 34 31 29 34 40 29 27 24 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 122,866 123,155 123,080 122,685 122,366 123,071 122,627 122,196 122,885 Government.................................. 18,566 19,020 19,008 19,150 19,347 19,811 19,630 19,709 19,596 Private industries.......................... 104,301 104,135 104,072 103,535 103,019 103,260 102,997 102,486 103,289 Private households........................ 792 879 872 814 791 775 810 855 887 Other industries.......................... 103,509 103,256 103,200 102,721 102,228 102,485 102,187 101,631 102,402 Self-employed workers......................... 8,515 8,383 8,385 8,503 8,234 8,305 8,208 8,268 8,368 Unpaid family workers......................... 106 80 84 111 103 105 95 99 87 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,289 4,286 4,190 3,389 4,151 3,996 3,899 4,177 4,325 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,946 2,712 2,658 2,115 2,690 2,626 2,588 2,723 2,880 Could only find part-time work.............. 913 1,202 1,107 952 1,131 1,064 1,031 1,096 1,159 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,434 16,765 16,500 19,011 18,793 18,887 19,170 19,138 19,120 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,177 4,087 3,991 3,246 4,009 3,818 3,758 3,949 4,060 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,874 2,583 2,522 2,025 2,587 2,515 2,472 2,609 2,715 Could only find part-time work.............. 888 1,173 1,080 927 1,122 1,033 1,022 1,074 1,131 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 15,886 16,214 16,004 18,485 18,274 18,350 18,739 18,572 18,609 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 6,972 8,345 8,142 4.9 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.7 Men, 20 years and over......................... 3,135 3,767 3,757 4.4 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,616 3,226 3,073 4.2 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,221 1,352 1,312 15.8 16.8 16.9 17.6 17.7 17.2 Married men, spouse present.................... 1,232 1,558 1,529 2.8 3.9 3.6 4.1 3.5 3.4 Married women, spouse present.................. 1,074 1,289 1,223 3.1 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 Women who maintain families.................... 603 782 665 6.8 8.6 8.1 8.2 8.4 7.3 Full-time workers.............................. 5,651 6,962 6,754 4.8 6.2 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.7 Part-time workers.............................. 1,334 1,388 1,430 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.0 5.4 5.6 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 1,051 1,340 1,343 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,748 2,152 2,125 4.3 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 757 960 936 4.8 6.5 5.9 5.9 6.4 6.2 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,492 1,630 1,542 7.8 9.4 8.9 9.3 8.6 8.3 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 290 338 344 8.4 6.1 6.3 6.1 8.8 9.3 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 5,630 6,822 6,584 5.2 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.0 Goods-producing industries................... 1,745 1,981 1,942 6.2 7.8 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.2 Mining..................................... 27 19 31 4.7 6.0 4.4 7.9 3.8 6.0 Construction............................... 628 824 760 7.6 9.3 8.9 9.1 10.3 9.5 Manufacturing.............................. 1,090 1,138 1,150 5.7 7.2 6.7 6.8 6.3 6.3 Durable goods............................ 692 737 726 5.8 7.6 6.3 7.3 6.8 6.5 Nondurable goods......................... 398 400 424 5.4 6.6 7.5 6.1 5.6 5.9 Service-producing industries................. 3,885 4,841 4,643 4.8 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.6 Transportation and public utilities........ 292 404 372 3.6 6.1 5.7 5.9 5.3 4.8 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,556 1,929 1,927 5.6 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.8 6.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 222 308 266 2.7 3.2 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.1 Services................................... 1,815 2,200 2,078 4.9 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.8 5.4 Government workers............................. 414 505 477 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.4 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 205 217 210 10.0 9.0 9.1 8.3 9.7 9.8 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,926 3,145 2,872 2,953 2,793 2,876 2,729 2,896 2,880 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,333 2,666 2,658 2,152 2,818 2,531 2,784 2,464 2,431 15 weeks and over................................ 1,697 2,785 2,618 1,798 2,854 2,952 3,103 2,883 2,783 15 to 26 weeks................................ 843 1,222 1,071 980 1,360 1,316 1,434 1,349 1,309 27 weeks and over............................. 854 1,563 1,548 818 1,494 1,636 1,669 1,533 1,474 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.2 15.9 16.3 13.2 16.6 17.1 17.3 16.4 16.2 Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.9 8.0 8.9 6.6 8.9 9.8 11.7 8.6 8.4 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 42.1 36.6 35.2 42.8 33.0 34.4 31.7 35.1 35.6 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 33.5 31.0 32.6 31.2 33.3 30.3 32.3 29.9 30.0 15 weeks and over.............................. 24.4 32.4 32.1 26.0 33.7 35.3 36.0 35.0 34.4 15 to 26 weeks............................... 12.1 14.2 13.1 14.2 16.1 15.7 16.6 16.4 16.2 27 weeks and over............................ 12.3 18.2 19.0 11.8 17.6 19.6 19.4 18.6 18.2 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3,334 4,530 4,341 3,438 4,525 4,598 4,579 4,580 4,560 On temporary layoff............................. 1,000 1,228 1,075 1,071 1,095 1,091 1,061 1,224 1,151 Not on temporary layoff......................... 2,334 3,302 3,267 2,367 3,430 3,506 3,518 3,356 3,410 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,704 2,547 2,464 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 630 756 803 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 977 854 924 877 1,017 902 836 818 824 Reentrants........................................ 2,129 2,436 2,231 2,162 2,450 2,433 2,360 2,375 2,270 New entrants...................................... 516 775 651 488 519 499 584 571 619 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 47.9 52.7 53.3 49.4 53.2 54.5 54.8 54.9 55.1 On temporary layoff............................ 14.4 14.3 13.2 15.4 12.9 12.9 12.7 14.7 13.9 Not on temporary layoff........................ 33.5 38.4 40.1 34.0 40.3 41.6 42.1 40.2 41.2 Job leavers...................................... 14.0 9.9 11.3 12.6 12.0 10.7 10.0 9.8 10.0 Reentrants....................................... 30.6 28.3 27.4 31.0 28.8 28.9 28.2 28.5 27.4 New entrants..................................... 7.4 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.1 5.9 7.0 6.8 7.5 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2.4 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 Job leavers...................................... .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 New entrants..................................... .4 .5 .5 .3 .4 .3 .4 .4 .4 1 Not available. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.2 1.9 1.8 1.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.4 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.9 6.0 5.7 4.9 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.7 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 5.1 6.2 5.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.8 6.9 6.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 8.1 9.9 9.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Aug. July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 6,972 8,345 8,142 4.9 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.7 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,516 2,753 2,741 11.3 12.3 11.6 12.2 12.3 12.2 16 to 19 years................................ 1,221 1,352 1,312 15.8 16.8 16.9 17.6 17.7 17.2 16 to 17 years.............................. 549 604 561 18.6 19.4 20.7 20.8 20.9 19.7 18 to 19 years.............................. 690 767 769 14.4 15.1 14.8 15.6 16.1 16.0 20 to 24 years................................ 1,295 1,401 1,429 8.9 10.0 8.9 9.3 9.5 9.6 25 years and over............................... 4,478 5,553 5,441 3.8 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.5 25 to 54 years................................ 3,904 4,795 4,642 3.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6 55 years and over............................. 584 758 815 3.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.7 4.0 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,833 4,532 4,536 5.1 6.1 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.0 16 to 24 years................................ 1,420 1,505 1,585 12.3 13.0 12.5 12.9 13.0 13.7 16 to 19 years.............................. 698 765 780 17.4 18.1 18.6 19.6 19.8 20.1 16 to 17 years............................ 324 345 342 21.9 19.6 23.7 23.2 23.9 24.5 18 to 19 years............................ 381 420 443 15.0 17.2 15.6 17.4 17.4 17.8 20 to 24 years.............................. 722 740 805 9.5 10.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 10.5 25 years and over............................. 2,405 3,025 2,943 3.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,074 2,581 2,513 3.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.7 55 years and over........................... 345 440 461 3.3 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.0 4.1 Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,139 3,813 3,605 4.8 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.4 16 to 24 years................................ 1,096 1,249 1,156 10.3 11.6 10.7 11.4 11.6 10.6 16 to 19 years.............................. 523 587 532 14.1 15.4 15.2 15.6 15.6 14.2 16 to 17 years............................ 225 259 219 15.4 19.2 17.4 18.3 17.9 15.1 18 to 19 years............................ 309 347 326 13.7 12.9 14.1 13.7 14.8 14.1 20 to 24 years.............................. 573 662 624 8.2 9.6 8.3 9.1 9.4 8.7 25 years and over............................. 2,073 2,528 2,498 3.8 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,830 2,214 2,129 3.9 5.1 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.6 55 years and over........................... 239 318 354 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.8 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 70,274 71,049 25,893 26,377 44,380 44,672 Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,062 4,751 2,081 2,004 2,980 2,747 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,357 1,443 711 686 646 757 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 335 372 176 211 159 162 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 1,022 1,070 535 475 487 595 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 6,963 6,808 3,690 3,488 3,273 3,320 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.3 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,787 3,688 2,213 2,082 1,574 1,606 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,405 1,388 504 407 901 981 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 292 313 190 199 102 114 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,442 1,376 767 779 675 596 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total......................... 131,797 131,844 130,602 130,617 131,966 130,680 130,702 130,736 130,803 130,842 Total private.................... 111,967 110,594 110,502 110,515 110,968 109,495 109,496 109,525 109,572 109,570 Goods-producing......................... 25,212 24,193 24,164 24,210 24,776 23,905 23,870 23,861 23,820 23,787 Mining................................ 581 561 559 562 571 564 558 555 551 552 Metal mining........................ 35.2 32.8 32.8 32.5 35 32 32 32 33 32 Coal mining......................... 81.5 79.8 78.8 78.0 82 81 80 80 79 78 Oil and gas extraction.............. 348.7 334.4 332.1 335.6 343 339 334 333 328 330 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 115.7 114.2 114.9 116.3 111 112 112 110 111 112 Construction.......................... 7,002 6,790 6,851 6,864 6,679 6,541 6,541 6,549 6,519 6,553 General building contractors........ 1,522.2 1,495.3 1,509.3 1,526.3 1,461 1,452 1,454 1,454 1,446 1,465 Heavy construction, except building. 999.9 967.3 972.1 969.9 925 901 908 910 900 897 Special trade contractors........... 4,480.0 4,327.1 4,369.2 4,367.7 4,293 4,188 4,179 4,185 4,173 4,191 Manufacturing......................... 17,629 16,842 16,754 16,784 17,526 16,800 16,771 16,757 16,750 16,682 Production workers................ 11,872 11,306 11,227 11,278 11,797 11,250 11,245 11,236 11,252 11,200 Durable goods........................ 10,549 10,002 9,913 9,913 10,516 9,976 9,963 9,944 9,925 9,879 Production workers................ 7,044 6,657 6,581 6,599 7,026 6,620 6,619 6,603 6,611 6,579 Lumber and wood products............ 798.9 776.9 779.0 783.5 783 767 770 767 767 767 Furniture and fixtures.............. 512.7 499.5 492.5 494.0 513 497 494 495 495 494 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 577.3 562.0 564.1 566.5 568 551 549 552 554 557 Primary metal industries............ 650.5 593.6 585.3 590.4 649 598 597 593 589 589 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 207.9 187.1 186.9 187.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,473.6 1,430.0 1,416.8 1,419.4 1,471 1,425 1,428 1,425 1,427 1,417 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 1,972.6 1,840.2 1,822.3 1,808.8 1,976 1,842 1,834 1,829 1,825 1,812 Computer and office equipment..... 337.9 306.2 303.1 300.0 336 313 308 304 301 299 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,583.1 1,429.9 1,421.6 1,406.0 1,586 1,443 1,437 1,428 1,427 1,409 Electronic components and accessories.................... 632.3 564.4 559.9 553.1 635 566 567 566 563 556 Transportation equipment............ 1,763.2 1,688.7 1,653.2 1,670.3 1,760 1,671 1,675 1,679 1,665 1,666 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 947.6 926.9 896.0 916.8 945 912 914 920 910 914 Aircraft and parts................ 463.3 410.3 408.7 404.1 463 416 416 411 409 404 Instruments and related products.... 840.8 808.2 807.8 801.3 837 811 807 805 803 798 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 375.8 373.1 370.7 373.2 373 371 372 371 373 370 Nondurable goods..................... 7,080 6,840 6,841 6,871 7,010 6,824 6,808 6,813 6,825 6,803 Production workers................ 4,828 4,649 4,646 4,679 4,771 4,630 4,626 4,633 4,641 4,621 Food and kindred products........... 1,740.5 1,687.1 1,711.7 1,739.4 1,685 1,689 1,687 1,691 1,689 1,685 Tobacco products.................... 34.9 32.9 32.8 35.2 35 33 34 34 35 36 Textile mill products............... 472.8 434.9 427.8 431.8 469 436 434 432 429 428 Apparel and other textile products.. 554.0 528.6 520.9 523.2 555 523 520 522 526 524 Paper and allied products........... 630.7 616.4 614.3 613.5 630 615 612 612 613 613 Printing and publishing............. 1,481.7 1,406.5 1,407.3 1,405.0 1,480 1,413 1,407 1,405 1,406 1,404 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,025.1 1,013.5 1,011.9 1,007.7 1,022 1,008 1,006 1,008 1,009 1,004 Petroleum and coal products......... 128.3 128.1 128.5 128.4 126 125 125 125 126 126 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 953.4 936.4 931.0 931.8 950 927 928 929 936 929 Leather and leather products........ 58.8 55.9 54.4 54.7 58 55 55 55 56 54 Service-producing....................... 106,585 107,651 106,438 106,407 107,190 106,775 106,832 106,875 106,983 107,055 Transportation and public utilities... 7,075 6,822 6,768 6,760 7,088 6,799 6,793 6,790 6,783 6,770 Transportation...................... 4,497 4,355 4,305 4,303 4,522 4,330 4,328 4,334 4,331 4,325 Railroad transportation........... 233.7 229.9 231.0 229.4 233 230 228 229 230 229 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 419.2 470.3 416.2 410.8 480 476 475 472 471 470 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,875.1 1,846.9 1,847.4 1,856.8 1,845 1,830 1,827 1,829 1,833 1,827 Water transportation.............. 208.5 201.5 205.6 204.6 194 190 193 193 192 190 Transportation by air............. 1,278.6 1,166.1 1,164.1 1,161.2 1,291 1,162 1,165 1,172 1,167 1,172 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 15.4 14.7 14.9 14.7 15 15 15 15 15 14 Transportation services........... 466.3 425.2 426.1 425.3 464 427 425 424 423 423 Communications and public utilities. 2,578 2,467 2,463 2,457 2,566 2,469 2,465 2,456 2,452 2,445 Communications.................... 1,722.4 1,619.7 1,613.3 1,610.8 1,714 1,628 1,626 1,615 1,608 1,602 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 855.3 847.2 849.4 846.1 852 841 839 841 844 843 Wholesale trade....................... 6,790 6,713 6,713 6,698 6,762 6,678 6,681 6,681 6,679 6,671 Durable goods....................... 4,026 3,932 3,933 3,921 4,008 3,908 3,916 3,915 3,915 3,904 Nondurable goods.................... 2,764 2,781 2,780 2,777 2,754 2,770 2,765 2,766 2,764 2,767 Retail trade.......................... 23,719 23,517 23,463 23,452 23,553 23,345 23,327 23,308 23,341 23,286 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 1,069.3 1,118.1 1,106.8 1,090.6 1,049 1,061 1,068 1,066 1,069 1,069 General merchandise stores.......... 2,856.6 2,834.6 2,821.9 2,802.2 2,901 2,915 2,897 2,884 2,885 2,844 Department stores................. 2,526.4 2,500.7 2,485.5 2,464.6 2,566 2,575 2,560 2,542 2,544 2,503 Food stores......................... 3,439.8 3,405.6 3,400.4 3,397.2 3,432 3,392 3,397 3,394 3,389 3,391 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,460.2 2,452.6 2,462.8 2,462.6 2,438 2,429 2,434 2,432 2,438 2,441 New and used car dealers.......... 1,129.6 1,131.2 1,133.3 1,135.1 1,123 1,129 1,133 1,128 1,127 1,129 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,203.4 1,165.1 1,174.0 1,187.2 1,196 1,170 1,169 1,173 1,177 1,180 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,122.1 1,134.9 1,138.2 1,135.5 1,137 1,141 1,146 1,148 1,154 1,151 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,470.7 8,358.2 8,319.0 8,320.7 8,272 8,152 8,130 8,121 8,144 8,124 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,096.4 3,048.1 3,040.1 3,056.1 3,128 3,085 3,086 3,090 3,085 3,086 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,797 7,795 7,814 7,810 7,728 7,743 7,732 7,733 7,737 7,744 Finance............................. 3,829 3,836 3,841 3,842 3,809 3,813 3,813 3,819 3,819 3,823 Depository institutions........... 2,071.9 2,083.5 2,086.6 2,087.3 2,059 2,075 2,073 2,071 2,073 2,074 Commercial banks................ 1,444.8 1,454.0 1,455.5 1,455.6 1,435 1,446 1,446 1,444 1,445 1,446 Savings institutions............ 257.2 265.2 263.8 264.4 256 264 264 264 263 264 Nondepository institutions........ 729.0 764.4 769.6 774.1 728 756 756 762 767 774 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 335.5 369.8 375.3 377.0 334 360 359 366 373 375 Security and commodity brokers.... 770.2 725.3 724.7 722.0 763 723 723 723 718 716 Holding and other investment offices........................ 258.2 262.5 260.1 258.1 259 259 261 263 261 259 Insurance........................... 2,377 2,373 2,375 2,370 2,371 2,374 2,369 2,366 2,365 2,365 Insurance carriers................ 1,604.6 1,585.6 1,585.0 1,577.7 1,599 1,589 1,583 1,579 1,576 1,572 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 772.1 787.8 789.8 792.3 772 785 786 787 789 793 Real estate......................... 1,591 1,586 1,598 1,598 1,548 1,556 1,550 1,548 1,553 1,556 Services2............................. 41,374 41,554 41,580 41,585 41,061 41,025 41,093 41,152 41,212 41,312 Agricultural services............... 925.6 946.1 948.9 931.4 854 857 856 857 862 860 Hotels and other lodging places..... 2,026.4 1,902.7 1,956.1 1,939.3 1,866 1,796 1,789 1,801 1,796 1,785 Personal services................... 1,228.8 1,252.1 1,235.7 1,239.2 1,273 1,286 1,279 1,285 1,285 1,284 Business services................... 9,629.0 9,398.5 9,366.1 9,468.1 9,537 9,312 9,330 9,332 9,323 9,395 Services to buildings............. 1,025.5 1,034.2 1,039.5 1,039.6 1,018 1,027 1,023 1,023 1,032 1,032 Personnel supply services......... 3,491.2 3,250.1 3,223.7 3,317.8 3,412 3,175 3,198 3,205 3,193 3,253 Help supply services............ 3,126.2 2,930.6 2,905.7 2,996.4 3,050 2,857 2,888 2,902 2,872 2,923 Computer and data processing services....................... 2,230.7 2,193.6 2,195.9 2,201.5 2,230 2,190 2,190 2,191 2,195 2,201 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,267.9 1,271.7 1,274.9 1,272.8 1,262 1,261 1,262 1,265 1,266 1,267 Miscellaneous repair services....... 376.8 380.3 381.6 381.1 374 377 375 378 379 378 Motion pictures..................... 598.9 592.3 597.3 601.3 583 574 578 581 583 585 Amusement and recreation services... 1,995.2 1,880.8 1,949.8 1,929.9 1,714 1,611 1,621 1,631 1,649 1,658 Health services..................... 10446.0 10683.3 10715.1 10736.3 10,424 10,611 10,626 10,660 10,687 10,713 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 2,018.9 2,065.2 2,072.8 2,080.5 2,012 2,044 2,050 2,061 2,069 2,074 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,858.5 1,888.6 1,892.1 1,900.4 1,852 1,883 1,883 1,887 1,888 1,894 Hospitals......................... 4,121.6 4,227.5 4,245.3 4,249.0 4,117 4,199 4,207 4,221 4,232 4,244 Home health care services......... 636.4 644.5 644.7 647.1 637 643 644 643 646 647 Legal services...................... 1,048.6 1,080.5 1,082.4 1,074.6 1,041 1,059 1,066 1,065 1,064 1,067 Educational services................ 2,125.8 2,306.8 2,221.6 2,189.1 2,449 2,501 2,518 2,511 2,529 2,519 Social services..................... 3,044.8 3,163.0 3,129.1 3,139.1 3,094 3,167 3,164 3,165 3,179 3,188 Child day care services........... 672.4 712.7 664.7 676.6 727 725 722 726 728 731 Residential care.................. 879.4 910.3 911.1 913.7 873 903 901 904 903 907 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 119.2 117.1 119.0 116.3 111 109 108 109 109 108 Membership organizations............ 2,508.9 2,523.8 2,543.0 2,510.7 2,473 2,477 2,480 2,484 2,475 2,475 Engineering and management services. 3,637.4 3,662.3 3,667.3 3,663.8 3,612 3,636 3,649 3,636 3,634 3,638 Engineering and architectural services....................... 1,076.1 1,049.2 1,051.4 1,048.6 1,058 1,041 1,042 1,034 1,032 1,031 Management and public relations... 1,177.9 1,213.6 1,222.6 1,219.3 1,171 1,202 1,209 1,204 1,214 1,212 Services, nec....................... 50.7 48.4 48.5 47.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 19,830 21,250 20,100 20,102 20,998 21,185 21,206 21,211 21,231 21,272 Federal............................. 2,632 2,624 2,625 2,630 2,624 2,610 2,600 2,601 2,602 2,622 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,785.7 1,810.0 1,811.7 1,819.4 1,771 1,784 1,777 1,783 1,785 1,805 State............................... 4,663 4,762 4,685 4,690 4,910 4,942 4,945 4,935 4,951 4,938 Education......................... 1,836.0 1,928.2 1,849.2 1,855.0 2,116 2,135 2,141 2,135 2,155 2,135 Other State government............ 2,827.0 2,833.3 2,835.9 2,835.4 2,794 2,807 2,804 2,800 2,796 2,803 Local............................... 12,535 13,864 12,790 12,782 13,464 13,633 13,661 13,675 13,678 13,712 Education......................... 6,515.2 7,765.8 6,588.7 6,658.4 7,668 7,754 7,770 7,755 7,795 7,816 Other local government............ 6,019.6 6,098.6 6,201.1 6,123.5 5,796 5,879 5,891 5,920 5,883 5,896 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... 34.5 34.7 34.2 34.4 34.1 34.2 34.2 34.3 34.0 34.1 Goods-producing......................... 40.7 40.8 40.0 40.6 40.3 40.4 40.3 40.5 40.0 40.2 Mining................................ 43.6 43.5 42.9 43.3 43.5 42.4 43.0 43.3 42.6 43.2 Construction.......................... 40.2 39.5 39.3 39.6 39.3 39.0 38.7 39.0 38.3 38.7 Manufacturing......................... 40.9 41.3 40.3 40.9 40.7 40.9 40.9 41.1 40.7 40.8 Overtime hours.................... 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.2 Durable goods........................ 41.2 41.7 40.5 41.3 41.0 41.4 41.3 41.5 41.0 41.1 Overtime hours.................... 4.2 4.3 3.8 4.4 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.1 Lumber and wood products............ 41.2 41.5 41.0 41.1 40.8 40.8 40.8 41.0 41.1 40.8 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.1 40.3 39.8 40.5 39.7 40.8 40.4 40.2 40.1 40.2 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.6 44.4 43.7 44.0 43.7 43.8 43.4 43.7 43.2 43.2 Primary metal industries............ 43.5 44.8 43.8 44.2 43.6 44.3 44.1 44.6 44.2 44.2 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 44.6 46.5 46.0 46.2 44.6 45.1 45.6 46.1 45.7 46.2 Fabricated metal products........... 41.5 42.1 41.0 41.9 41.4 41.6 41.9 42.0 41.7 41.8 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 40.1 40.9 40.0 40.4 40.3 40.6 40.7 40.9 40.3 40.6 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 39.2 39.4 38.0 38.5 39.1 39.5 39.4 39.4 38.7 38.4 Transportation equipment............ 42.7 42.9 40.3 42.4 42.2 42.6 42.3 42.5 41.7 41.9 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.3 44.7 40.9 43.9 43.6 44.4 44.2 44.1 42.8 43.2 Instruments and related products.... 40.5 41.0 40.1 40.7 40.6 40.4 40.4 40.9 40.5 40.8 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 38.3 39.5 38.2 38.7 38.1 38.8 38.8 39.6 38.5 38.5 Nondurable goods..................... 40.4 40.6 40.0 40.5 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.6 40.2 40.3 Overtime hours.................... 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 Food and kindred products........... 41.6 41.4 41.1 41.7 41.1 41.2 41.2 41.6 41.1 41.2 Tobacco products.................... 39.7 42.3 41.9 40.4 39.6 41.3 41.6 41.1 41.9 40.4 Textile mill products............... 40.1 41.9 40.8 41.8 39.8 41.5 41.4 41.5 41.5 41.5 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.1 37.5 36.4 36.3 37.1 37.1 37.0 37.0 36.6 36.3 Paper and allied products........... 41.2 41.5 41.2 41.3 41.3 41.6 41.9 41.6 41.3 41.4 Printing and publishing............. 38.2 37.3 37.1 37.9 38.0 37.2 37.5 37.7 37.3 37.8 Chemicals and allied products....... 42.1 42.6 41.9 42.3 42.2 41.8 42.3 42.5 42.1 42.4 Petroleum and coal products......... 43.0 41.4 41.8 40.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 40.5 41.7 40.3 40.9 40.6 41.6 41.2 41.5 41.0 41.0 Leather and leather products........ 36.7 37.4 36.0 36.2 36.3 37.5 36.7 36.8 36.7 35.9 Service-producing....................... 33.0 33.3 32.9 33.0 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.6 32.7 Transportation and public utilities... 38.4 38.8 38.5 38.8 38.1 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.5 Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 39.0 38.3 38.5 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.6 38.4 38.5 Retail trade.......................... 29.4 29.7 29.6 29.5 28.8 29.0 29.1 29.1 28.8 28.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 36.7 35.8 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1 36.0 36.0 36.2 Services.............................. 32.9 33.0 32.6 32.8 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. June July Aug. Aug. June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... $14.26 $14.68 $14.66 $14.70 $491.97 $509.40 $501.37 $505.68 Seasonally adjusted............. 14.38 14.75 14.78 14.82 490.36 505.93 502.52 505.36 Goods-producing......................... 16.04 16.38 16.45 16.49 652.83 668.30 658.00 669.49 Mining................................ 17.47 17.65 17.74 17.77 761.69 767.78 761.05 769.44 Construction.......................... 18.44 18.74 18.90 18.96 741.29 740.23 742.77 750.82 Manufacturing......................... 14.89 15.28 15.26 15.32 609.00 631.06 614.98 626.59 Durable goods........................ 15.38 15.74 15.67 15.81 633.66 656.36 634.64 652.95 Lumber and wood products............ 12.37 12.53 12.58 12.56 509.64 520.00 515.78 516.22 Furniture and fixtures.............. 12.33 12.62 12.56 12.61 494.43 508.59 499.89 510.71 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 15.16 15.48 15.62 15.54 676.14 687.31 682.59 683.76 Primary metal industries............ 17.02 17.46 17.61 17.50 740.37 782.21 771.32 773.50 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 20.62 20.92 21.09 20.97 919.65 972.78 970.14 968.81 Fabricated metal products........... 14.34 14.71 14.60 14.76 595.11 619.29 598.60 618.44 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.93 16.36 16.47 16.59 638.79 669.12 658.80 670.24 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 14.70 15.04 15.06 15.11 576.24 592.58 572.28 581.74 Transportation equipment............ 19.13 19.75 19.36 19.82 816.85 847.28 780.21 840.37 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.43 20.36 19.74 20.49 860.75 910.09 807.37 899.51 Instruments and related products.... 14.93 15.14 15.23 15.20 604.67 620.74 610.72 618.64 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 12.23 12.28 12.32 12.37 468.41 485.06 470.62 478.72 Nondurable goods..................... 14.16 14.60 14.69 14.60 572.06 592.76 587.60 591.30 Food and kindred products........... 12.89 13.29 13.33 13.21 536.22 550.21 547.86 550.86 Tobacco products.................... 20.97 23.26 23.24 20.83 832.51 983.90 973.76 841.53 Textile mill products............... 11.39 11.69 11.76 11.73 456.74 489.81 479.81 490.31 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.41 9.95 9.92 9.95 349.11 373.13 361.09 361.19 Paper and allied products........... 16.87 17.53 17.72 17.63 695.04 727.50 730.06 728.12 Printing and publishing............. 14.88 15.11 15.15 15.19 568.42 563.60 562.07 575.70 Chemicals and allied products....... 18.54 19.14 19.34 19.31 780.53 815.36 810.35 816.81 Petroleum and coal products......... 22.19 22.15 22.21 22.27 954.17 917.01 928.38 899.71 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 13.43 13.66 13.77 13.68 543.92 569.62 554.93 559.51 Leather and leather products........ 10.33 10.27 10.38 10.30 379.11 384.10 373.68 372.86 Service-producing....................... 13.74 14.20 14.15 14.19 453.42 472.86 465.54 468.27 Transportation and public utilities... 16.78 17.29 17.34 17.31 644.35 670.85 667.59 671.63 Wholesale trade....................... 15.80 16.17 16.11 16.21 605.14 630.63 617.01 624.09 Retail trade.......................... 9.71 10.00 9.98 10.00 285.47 297.00 295.41 295.00 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.77 16.27 16.23 16.27 567.72 597.11 581.03 587.35 Services.............................. 14.52 15.08 15.03 15.05 477.71 497.64 489.98 493.64 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. change Industry 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002p 2002p from: July 2002- Aug. 2002 Total private: Current dollars.............. $14.38 $14.68 $14.70 $14.75 $14.78 $14.82 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 8.02 8.10 8.12 8.14 8.14 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 15.99 16.32 16.35 16.39 16.38 16.44 .4 Mining...................... 17.62 17.63 17.87 17.70 17.76 17.93 1.0 Construction................ 18.37 18.83 18.77 18.81 18.87 18.89 .1 Manufacturing............... 14.91 15.19 15.27 15.31 15.28 15.34 .4 Excluding overtime4....... 14.22 14.43 14.53 14.56 14.57 14.59 .1 Service-producing............. 13.91 14.21 14.24 14.29 14.33 14.37 .3 Transportation and public utilities................ 16.81 17.26 17.31 17.37 17.34 17.35 .1 Wholesale trade............. 15.88 16.11 16.12 16.15 16.15 16.30 .9 Retail trade................ 9.79 9.97 9.99 10.06 10.05 10.08 .3 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 15.88 16.18 16.17 16.27 16.36 16.39 .2 Services.................... 14.76 15.13 15.16 15.19 15.27 15.30 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from June 2002 to July 2002, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. June July Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... 153.0 152.1 150.0 150.8 149.9 148.1 148.1 148.6 147.5 147.9 Goods-producing......................... 113.1 108.1 105.9 107.8 109.6 105.4 105.0 105.7 104.2 104.5 Mining................................ 57.1 54.6 53.6 54.5 55.6 53.5 53.7 53.7 52.3 53.1 Construction.......................... 199.7 188.5 189.2 191.1 184.6 178.3 176.4 178.4 174.2 176.7 Manufacturing......................... 97.8 94.1 91.2 93.1 96.8 92.9 92.8 93.2 92.3 92.1 Durable goods........................ 101.3 96.8 92.9 95.0 100.5 95.5 95.4 95.6 94.6 94.3 Lumber and wood products............ 140.6 137.9 136.7 137.9 136.1 133.3 134.4 134.0 134.7 133.7 Furniture and fixtures.............. 127.2 124.9 121.0 123.3 126.4 124.7 122.9 122.9 123.2 122.6 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 121.4 117.6 116.1 117.8 117.0 113.6 112.6 113.3 112.3 113.6 Primary metal industries............ 82.7 77.0 74.1 75.7 82.8 76.7 76.4 76.6 75.4 75.7 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 64.1 59.7 59.2 59.7 64.1 58.3 58.9 59.2 58.7 59.7 Fabricated metal products........... 112.8 110.9 106.7 109.6 112.3 109.1 110.1 110.2 109.8 109.1 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 88.4 83.8 81.0 81.2 89.1 83.1 82.8 83.1 82.0 81.9 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 92.2 81.9 78.2 78.3 92.3 82.9 82.2 81.7 80.4 78.4 Transportation equipment............ 112.6 108.2 99.0 106.1 111.4 105.7 105.6 106.4 103.9 104.8 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 150.2 148.0 130.6 144.7 147.9 144.2 144.0 144.7 139.9 142.4 Instruments and related products.... 71.5 68.8 67.3 67.6 71.5 68.2 67.9 68.2 68.1 67.5 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 90.7 92.5 88.4 90.9 89.3 90.2 90.6 92.1 90.2 89.5 Nondurable goods..................... 93.1 90.2 88.7 90.5 91.6 89.3 89.4 89.9 89.2 89.0 Food and kindred products........... 121.4 115.7 117.1 121.3 115.4 115.4 115.6 117.1 115.5 115.5 Tobacco products.................... 51.5 50.5 49.4 55.4 52.9 49.1 51.5 52.9 53.9 58.0 Textile mill products............... 66.2 62.7 60.0 62.1 65.0 62.1 61.6 61.6 61.2 60.9 Apparel and other textile products.. 46.4 44.6 42.6 42.7 46.6 43.7 43.4 43.5 43.3 42.9 Paper and allied products........... 96.2 95.1 93.7 93.8 96.0 94.9 95.0 94.5 93.8 93.7 Printing and publishing............. 114.6 105.7 104.9 106.9 114.0 106.0 106.2 106.8 105.5 106.5 Chemicals and allied products....... 95.9 96.4 94.0 94.8 96.0 93.6 95.1 95.7 94.8 94.9 Petroleum and coal products......... 73.1 72.9 74.2 71.1 71.3 67.9 70.9 70.7 71.6 69.3 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 135.4 137.2 131.7 134.2 135.2 135.1 133.8 135.2 135.0 133.9 Leather and leather products........ 24.8 23.8 22.2 22.2 24.5 23.6 23.1 22.6 23.7 21.5 Service-producing....................... 170.9 171.8 169.7 170.1 167.9 167.3 167.5 167.8 167.0 167.4 Transportation and public utilities... 140.1 136.5 134.1 134.7 139.2 134.4 134.4 133.9 134.1 133.9 Wholesale trade....................... 127.0 128.6 126.5 126.9 126.3 125.7 125.7 126.7 125.9 126.1 Retail trade.......................... 150.9 151.5 150.8 150.0 146.7 146.8 147.1 147.1 145.8 146.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 141.0 144.5 141.0 141.9 139.8 140.9 140.6 140.0 139.9 140.8 Services.............................. 215.6 217.2 214.6 215.7 211.9 211.5 211.8 212.7 211.8 212.5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998.............. 62.4 57.5 59.1 60.2 57.5 56.8 54.6 59.1 57.2 53.0 57.9 56.8 1999.............. 55.3 58.6 53.6 58.4 55.5 57.8 57.1 54.8 57.1 57.2 60.4 58.1 2000.............. 55.9 57.5 57.9 51.2 50.1 55.8 57.8 51.4 52.4 52.4 53.2 52.7 2001.............. 49.4 45.7 50.3 42.4 47.3 43.2 44.5 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.3 44.1 2002.............. 47.3 41.4 49.7 47.8 50.9 49.4 p48.8 p46.7 Over 3-month span: 1998.............. 65.3 66.3 65.3 65.9 62.7 58.2 58.9 59.1 59.8 57.9 57.1 58.8 1999.............. 59.2 57.6 59.5 55.2 60.2 57.2 59.4 59.2 59.7 58.9 61.2 60.7 2000.............. 60.4 61.4 58.4 53.2 52.4 55.5 56.6 56.2 51.2 51.0 53.2 51.6 2001.............. 45.5 46.1 40.8 43.4 37.8 43.2 39.3 38.0 35.3 33.7 36.3 38.9 2002.............. 40.1 43.2 42.5 46.5 48.0 p50.4 p47.1 Over 6-month span: 1998.............. 70.2 67.4 64.7 61.5 64.1 62.1 59.1 58.8 57.5 60.2 59.2 58.4 1999.............. 60.2 58.9 58.5 59.7 57.2 60.8 61.2 62.5 62.7 61.8 61.2 62.8 2000.............. 61.1 59.4 58.1 57.9 54.2 52.4 52.9 54.2 52.4 48.7 45.7 46.5 2001.............. 44.7 42.7 39.5 40.1 40.8 35.6 37.0 32.4 34.3 33.1 34.1 35.6 2002.............. 37.0 41.6 43.4 p44.1 p47.1 Over 12-month span: 1998.............. 69.9 67.9 67.6 65.6 64.1 62.7 61.7 62.2 60.8 59.4 60.8 58.9 1999.............. 61.2 60.1 58.2 61.0 60.7 61.5 62.2 61.1 63.8 62.2 59.7 60.5 2000.............. 61.4 59.9 58.8 56.2 55.3 53.6 53.0 51.0 47.7 45.2 44.5 42.9 2001.............. 41.5 41.5 38.9 37.5 37.3 36.2 34.1 33.6 34.4 33.9 33.3 34.0 2002.............. p35.3 p35.2 Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998.............. 57.0 52.6 52.2 52.9 44.9 47.4 38.2 52.9 44.9 38.6 42.3 41.5 1999.............. 47.4 41.2 42.6 46.0 46.3 43.4 50.0 42.6 46.0 45.6 51.5 49.3 2000.............. 44.9 52.2 49.3 46.0 49.3 50.7 57.4 36.8 39.0 42.3 47.1 40.8 2001.............. 34.9 26.8 38.2 29.0 28.3 30.5 34.9 25.7 31.6 31.3 25.0 30.9 2002.............. 35.3 37.9 40.4 47.4 47.1 40.4 p48.2 p39.7 Over 3-month span: 1998.............. 59.2 57.0 54.8 51.8 48.2 38.2 41.9 43.0 43.0 38.2 32.7 40.4 1999.............. 39.3 39.3 39.7 40.1 41.2 43.8 44.1 46.3 42.3 44.1 47.8 45.2 2000.............. 48.2 48.9 48.9 44.5 46.7 52.2 46.0 38.6 29.0 34.2 39.0 36.0 2001.............. 21.3 21.3 18.4 23.5 19.9 23.2 17.3 19.1 16.2 18.0 18.4 18.0 2002.............. 24.6 30.1 37.1 38.6 40.1 p40.4 p35.7 Over 6-month span: 1998.............. 60.7 54.4 49.3 40.1 45.2 42.6 39.0 38.2 34.6 41.2 35.7 33.1 1999.............. 36.4 36.0 37.5 40.4 37.5 42.3 43.0 44.5 48.2 43.0 44.5 47.4 2000.............. 47.8 45.2 44.5 50.0 41.9 37.9 36.0 35.3 32.4 26.1 21.3 21.7 2001.............. 20.2 16.9 14.0 16.2 16.5 13.2 14.7 11.8 14.0 13.2 17.6 16.5 2002.............. 19.9 26.8 29.8 p37.5 p35.7 Over 12-month span: 1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2 1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 44.5 43.4 44.5 2000.............. 49.3 44.1 39.3 36.8 35.3 34.2 33.8 28.7 22.1 19.1 17.6 14.0 2001.............. 13.6 13.6 13.6 15.4 12.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 14.0 13.6 2002.............. p17.6 p16.9 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.