Technical information: (202) 691-6378 USDL 06-897 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, May 26, 2006 (This news release was reissued on June 18, 2007, to correct in- formation about the periods of service listed in the Technical Note. The data in this release were not affected by the corrections.) EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS: AUGUST 2005 In August 2005, the unemployment rate for veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces was 3.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. There were 3.4 million Gulf War-era veterans (those who served anytime since August 1990) in the labor force. The jobless rate for these veterans was 5.2 percent. About 11 percent of all veterans had a service-connected disability. This information on veterans was obtained from a special supplement to the August 2005 Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is the monthly sample survey that provides much of the basic data on employment and un- employment for the United States. The CPS is conducted for BLS by the U.S. Census Bureau. While data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS, the supplement contains additional questions on special topics such as service-connected disability status and year of discharge. The veterans supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans Employment and Train- ing Service. Such a supplement has been conducted biennially since 1985. For a detailed description of the survey, including definitions of terms used in this release, see the Technical Note. Demographic Characteristics of Veterans In August 2005, 23.4 million men and women in the civilian noninstitu- tional population had served in the U.S. Armed Forces at some time in the past. About 3.9 million served during the Gulf War era, which began in August 1990 and continues to the present day; more information about these veterans' demographic and labor force characteristics appears in a separate section below. Another 13.5 million, or nearly three-fifths of all veterans, served during World War II, the Korean War, or the Vietnam era. (See table 1. See table 9 for a breakdown of veterans who served in multiple wartime periods.) Six million veterans served on active duty during other service periods, such as the periods between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. The veterans' population is significantly older than the nonveterans' population. In August 2005, 63 percent of veterans were at least 55 years old, compared with about 26 percent of nonveterans. Only about 1 percent of all veterans were age 18 to 24, compared with 14 percent of nonveterans. (See table 2.) Whites made up a larger share of the veteran population, 87 percent, than of the nonveteran population, 81 percent. Blacks comprised 10 percent of all veterans and 12 percent of all nonveterans. One percent of veterans were Asian, while about 5 percent of nonveterans were Asian. About 4 per- cent of veterans were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, while Hispanics com- prised 14 percent of nonveterans. (Hispanics can be of any race.) Women made up 7 percent of all veterans, compared with 57 percent of nonveterans. (See table 1.) - 2 - Labor Force Characteristics of Veterans Overall, 55.6 percent of male veterans age 18 and over were in the labor force in August 2005, compared with 81.1 percent of nonveterans of that age. This difference in participation rates reflects the older age profile of male veterans, who are much more likely than nonveterans to be 55 years or over. For men age 18 to 54, the labor force participation rates of both veterans and nonveterans were about 88 percent. Female veterans and nonveterans-- whose age profiles were more alike than the men's--each had a participation rate around 60 percent. (See tables 1 and 2.) The unemployment rate of male veterans (3.7 percent) was little different from the rate of nonveterans (4.4 percent) in August 2005. Among men 18 to 24 years old, however, veterans had a higher jobless rate than nonveterans (17.2 versus 10.4 percent). The unemployment rate of female veterans (5.9 percent) was about the same as that for nonveterans (5.0 percent). The unemployment rate for black veterans was lower than that for black nonveterans--6.5 percent compared with 9.5 percent in August 2005. Similarly, Hispanic veterans had a lower unemployment rate (2.9 percent) than Hispanic nonveterans (5.4 percent). For whites and Asians, there was little difference in the unemployment rates between veterans and nonveterans. The occupational distribution of employed male veterans was similar to that of their nonveteran counterparts. About 3 out of 10 male veterans and nonveterans were employed in management, professional, and related occupations, while about 2 out of 10 were employed in each of three cat- egories: natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations; sales and office occupations; and production, transportation, and material moving occupations. Among women, about 4 out of 10 veterans as well as nonveterans worked in management and professional occupations, while about one-third were employed in sales and office occupations. (See table 3.) Gulf War-Era Veterans This release is the first that BLS has issued that separately identifies Gulf War-era veterans. In August 2005, there were 3.3 million male veterans and about 600,000 female veterans who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during the Gulf War era (from August 1990 forward) and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Whites accounted for 79 percent of Gulf War-era veterans, blacks comprised 16 percent, and Asians were 1 percent. Seven percent were of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. (See table 1.) A large majority (87.0 percent) of Gulf War-era veterans were in the labor force in August 2005. Gulf War era-veterans were more likely to be in the labor force than were nonveterans in the same age groups. About 4 in 5 Gulf War-era veterans were employed. Among persons 18 to 24 years old, there was little difference in the proportions of Gulf War-era veterans and nonveterans who were employed. Among older age groups, higher shares of Gulf War-era veterans than nonveterans were employed. The unemployment rate of Gulf War-era veterans was 5.2 percent. Young Gulf War-era veterans (18 to 24 years old) had a higher unemployment rate (18.7 percent) than young nonveterans (9.9 percent). Older Gulf War-era veterans (25 to 54 years old) had an unemployment rate very similar to their nonveteran peers--about 4 percent. Of the 3.9 million Gulf War-era veterans in August 2005, 2.8 million had served between August 1990 and August 2001, referred to in this release as Gulf War era I. The other 1.1 million had served since September 2001, referred to as Gulf War era II. Veterans who served in both sub-eras are counted in the most recent one (Gulf War era II). (See table 8.) Nearly 800,000 veterans reported being discharged from active duty be- tween January 2002 and August 2005. (Not all veterans reported the year of their discharge.) Women accounted for 15 percent of these recently discharged veterans, blacks were 17 percent, and Hispanics were 11 percent. The labor force participation rate for recently discharged veterans was 86.0 percent, and their unemployment rate was 11.9 percent. (See table 6.) - 3 - Disabled Veterans In August 2005, about 2.5 million veterans, or 11 percent of the total, reported having a service-connected disability. (Some veterans did not report whether they had a service-connected disability.) Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the Depart- ment of Veterans Affairs. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. Nearly half of disabled veterans reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent, while 22 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. (See table 4.) The incidence of service-connected disabilities was slightly higher for those who served during the Gulf War era than for those who served during earlier designated wartime periods. However, veterans of the earlier war- time periods were more likely than Gulf War-era veterans to have a 60 per- cent or higher disability rating. Among Gulf War-era veterans, 17 percent reported a disability rating of 60 percent or more, compared with 25 percent of World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans. Of Gulf War-era veterans with a disability, 82.9 percent were in the labor force, compared with 89.0 percent of nondisabled veterans from this period. The unemployment rate of disabled veterans from the Gulf War era was 5.4 percent, essentially the same as the rate for nondisabled veterans (5.2 percent). Of the nearly 800,000 veterans discharged between January 2002 and August 2005, about 1 in 5, or 167,000, reported a service-connected disability. Of these, 58 percent had a disability rating of 30 percent or higher, compared with 44 percent of veterans discharged between 1991 and 2001. (See table 7.) About one-third of the disabled veterans of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era were in the labor force in August 2005. This relatively low rate of labor force participation reflects the age of this group (88 percent of these veterans were 55 years or older) as well as the effects of their disabilities. Among veterans of these periods who did not have a service-connected disability, 44.4 percent were in the labor force. The unemployment rate of disabled veterans of these earlier wartime periods was 3.2 percent; for nondisabled veterans, it was 3.9 percent. (See table 4.) Disabled veterans who were on active duty during other service periods (times between the designated wartime eras) had a 55.4 percent labor force participation rate, compared with 64.4 percent for nondisabled veterans from these periods. The unemployment rate of disabled veterans from other service periods was 4.4 percent, compared with 3.6 percent for the nondis- abled. About one-third of disabled veterans were employed in federal, state, and local governments, compared with 17 percent of nondisabled veterans and 14 percent of nonveterans. About 18 percent of employed disabled veterans worked for the federal government. This compared with 6 percent of non- disabled veterans and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 5.) Technical Note The estimates in this release were obtained from a supplement to the August 2005 Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 households which provides the national data on total employment and unemployment. The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans Employment and Training Service. Questions were asked of persons 18 years of age and older regarding their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces and whether they had a service-connected disability. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates will differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de- pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct infor- mation, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Stand- ard practice in the CPS is for one member of the household to answer ques- tions for all the household members. In the case of the supplementary questions about veterans, however, several attempts were made to collect the information directly from the veterans. This was done because some of the information would be best provided by the veterans themselves. For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and infor- mation on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and Esti- mates of Error" section of the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earn- ings. Definitions The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows: Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Members of the Reserves and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and women who served in the Armed Forces during these periods, regardless of where they served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the Armed Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Viet- nam era, and the Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts during other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are classified according to the wartime period. Veteran status is provided from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" Period of service is provided from answers to the question asked of veterans, "When did you serve?" The following service periods are identified: Gulf War era -- August 1990 - present Vietnam era -- August 1964 - April 1975 Korean War -- July 1950 - January 1955 World War II -- December 1941 - December 1946 Other service periods -- All other periods BLS tabulations are modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulation, and program needs of the survey sponsors. In this news re- lease, the World War II era is defined as December 1941 - December 1946, when in prior years' news releases of the Employment Situation of Veterans, World War II had been defined as September 1940 - July 1947. Also, the start of the Korean War era was changed from June 1950 to July 1950. Another change occurred in the tabulation of data from the Vietnam era. In the news release for the August 2003 veterans' data (USDL 04-1378 is- sued July 27, 2004), all veterans who served in Southeast Asia between February 28, 1961 and August 4, 1964 were included in the "World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam era" category. In this release of August 2005 data, veterans who served in Southeast Asia during the early 1960s but did not al- so serve in the World War II or Korean War eras were reclassified into the "Other service periods" group. Had the same periods of service been used in this release as in the July 27, 2004 news release, the total population fig- ure for "World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam era" category shown in Table 1 would be 13.7 million rather than 13.5 million. This revised definition of the Vietnam era in the August 2005 data now reflects the same period of ser- vice definition for the Vietnam period as defined in the monthly and annual average data available from the Current Population Survey. The Gulf War era has been divided into two sub-eras: Gulf War era I, which includes all those who served between August 1990 and August 2001; and Gulf War era II, which includes all those who served from September 2001 to the present. Veterans who served in both sub-eras are classified in the more recent one (era II). Presence of service-connected disability is provided by answers to the question, "Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or the Department of Defense determined that you have a service-connected disability; that is, a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service?" Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can practi- cably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil oc- cupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent in steps of 10 percent for each, with instructions for rating multiple disorders. Year of discharge is determined by answers to the question, "In what year were you last separated from active duty in the Armed Forces?" Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, August 2005, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Veteran status, period of service, Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino noninsti- Percent labor ethnicity tutional of force population Total popula- Percent Percent tion Total of Total of popula- labor tion force TOTAL Total, 18 years and over................ 217,826 147,348 67.6 140,520 64.5 6,828 4.6 70,478 Veterans............................. 23,402 13,105 56.0 12,594 53.8 511 3.9 10,297 Gulf War era....................... 3,861 3,358 87.0 3,184 82.5 173 5.2 503 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.............................. 13,527 5,849 43.2 5,647 41.8 201 3.4 7,678 Other service periods.............. 6,015 3,899 64.8 3,762 62.5 137 3.5 2,116 Nonveterans.......................... 194,424 134,243 69.0 127,926 65.8 6,317 4.7 60,181 Men Total, 18 years and over................ 104,903 79,550 75.8 76,138 72.6 3,411 4.3 25,353 Veterans............................. 21,756 12,088 55.6 11,637 53.5 451 3.7 9,668 Gulf War era....................... 3,253 2,935 90.2 2,791 85.8 144 4.9 318 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.............................. 13,067 5,679 43.5 5,491 42.0 189 3.3 7,387 Other service periods.............. 5,436 3,473 63.9 3,355 61.7 118 3.4 1,963 Nonveterans.......................... 83,147 67,462 81.1 64,502 77.6 2,960 4.4 15,685 Women Total, 18 years and over................ 112,923 67,798 60.0 64,381 57.0 3,417 5.0 45,125 Veterans............................. 1,646 1,017 61.8 957 58.2 60 5.9 629 Gulf War era....................... 608 422 69.5 393 64.7 29 6.9 185 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.............................. 460 169 36.8 157 34.1 13 7.4 291 Other service periods.............. 578 426 73.6 407 70.4 18 4.3 153 Nonveterans.......................... 111,277 66,781 60.0 63,424 57.0 3,357 5.0 44,496 White Total, 18 years and over................ 178,031 120,504 67.7 115,712 65.0 4,792 4.0 57,527 Veterans............................. 20,390 11,129 54.6 10,738 52.7 391 3.5 9,261 Gulf War era....................... 3,047 2,680 88.0 2,551 83.7 129 4.8 367 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.............................. 12,288 5,278 43.0 5,109 41.6 169 3.2 7,010 Other service periods.............. 5,054 3,171 62.7 3,078 60.9 93 2.9 1,883 Nonveterans.......................... 157,641 109,375 69.4 104,974 66.6 4,401 4.0 48,267 Black or African American Total, 18 years and over................ 25,312 16,993 67.1 15,427 60.9 1,567 9.2 8,318 Veterans............................. 2,255 1,509 66.9 1,411 62.6 98 6.5 746 Gulf War era....................... 614 506 82.4 466 75.9 40 7.9 108 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.............................. 891 424 47.5 402 45.1 22 5.1 468 Other service periods.............. 750 580 77.2 544 72.4 36 6.2 171 Nonveterans.......................... 23,056 15,484 67.2 14,016 60.8 1,469 9.5 7,572 Asian Total, 18 years and over................ 9,536 6,440 67.5 6,214 65.2 226 3.5 3,096 Veterans............................. 221 116 52.5 112 50.9 3 2.9 105 Gulf War era....................... 51 38 (1) 35 (1) 2 (1) 13 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.............................. 122 40 32.6 39 31.9 1 (1) 82 Other service periods.............. 48 38 (1) 38 (1) - - 10 Nonveterans.......................... 9,315 6,324 67.9 6,101 65.5 223 3.5 2,992 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total, 18 years and over................ 27,751 19,520 70.3 18,478 66.6 1,042 5.3 8,231 Veterans............................. 1,017 632 62.2 614 60.4 18 2.9 385 Gulf War era....................... 284 241 85.0 240 84.7 1 .3 43 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era.............................. 438 209 47.8 196 44.8 13 6.2 229 Other service periods.............. 296 182 61.5 178 60.1 4 2.4 114 Nonveterans.......................... 26,734 18,888 70.6 17,864 66.8 1,024 5.4 7,846 1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 75,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Table 2. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and age, August 2005, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in Veteran status, period noninsti- Percent labor of service, and age tutional of force population Total popula- Percent Percent tion Total of Total of popula- labor tion force TOTAL VETERANS Total, 18 years and over........... 23,402 13,105 56.0 12,594 53.8 511 3.9 10,297 18 to 24 years................. 316 245 77.5 199 63.0 46 18.7 71 25 to 34 years................. 1,557 1,397 89.7 1,345 86.3 53 3.8 160 35 to 44 years................. 2,931 2,650 90.4 2,554 87.2 96 3.6 280 45 to 54 years................. 3,865 3,335 86.3 3,214 83.2 120 3.6 531 55 to 64 years................. 5,771 3,935 68.2 3,796 65.8 140 3.6 1,835 65 years and over.............. 8,962 1,542 17.2 1,486 16.6 56 3.7 7,420 Gulf War era Total, 18 years and over........... 3,861 3,358 87.0 3,184 82.5 173 5.2 503 18 to 24 years................. 316 245 77.5 199 63.0 46 18.7 71 25 to 34 years................. 1,496 1,336 89.3 1,284 85.8 52 3.9 160 35 to 44 years................. 1,259 1,137 90.3 1,081 85.9 56 4.9 122 45 to 54 years................. 601 527 87.6 510 84.8 17 3.3 74 55 to 64 years................. 151 107 71.1 105 69.8 2 1.9 44 65 years and over.............. 37 5 (1) 5 (1) - - 32 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era (2) Total, 45 years and over........... 13,527 5,849 43.2 5,647 41.8 201 3.4 7,678 45 to 54 years................. 1,676 1,402 83.7 1,364 81.4 38 2.7 274 55 to 64 years................. 4,872 3,416 70.1 3,289 67.5 127 3.7 1,456 65 years and over.............. 6,979 1,031 14.8 994 14.2 36 3.5 5,948 Other service periods Total, 25 years and over........... 6,015 3,899 64.8 3,762 62.5 137 3.5 2,116 25 to 34 years................. 61 61 (1) 60 (1) - (1) - 35 to 44 years................. 1,672 1,514 90.5 1,473 88.1 40 2.7 158 45 to 54 years................. 1,588 1,406 88.5 1,340 84.4 66 4.7 182 55 to 64 years................. 748 412 55.1 401 53.7 11 2.6 336 65 years and over.............. 1,946 506 26.0 487 25.0 20 3.9 1,439 NONVETERANS Total, 18 years and over........... 194,424 134,243 69.0 127,926 65.8 6,317 4.7 60,181 18 to 24 years................. 27,796 19,966 71.8 17,992 64.7 1,974 9.9 7,830 25 to 34 years................. 37,537 30,894 82.3 29,348 78.2 1,546 5.0 6,643 35 to 44 years................. 40,058 33,283 83.1 32,064 80.0 1,219 3.7 6,775 45 to 54 years................. 38,323 31,254 81.6 30,280 79.0 973 3.1 7,069 55 to 64 years................. 24,522 15,131 61.7 14,649 59.7 482 3.2 9,391 65 years and over.............. 26,188 3,715 14.2 3,593 13.7 122 3.3 22,473 MEN VETERANS Total, 18 years and over........... 21,756 12,088 55.6 11,637 53.5 451 3.7 9,668 18 to 24 years................. 248 200 80.5 165 66.7 34 17.2 48 25 to 34 years................. 1,293 1,220 94.4 1,180 91.3 40 3.3 73 35 to 44 years................. 2,495 2,288 91.7 2,198 88.1 90 3.9 207 45 to 54 years................. 3,432 2,988 87.1 2,893 84.3 96 3.2 443 55 to 64 years................. 5,629 3,866 68.7 3,731 66.3 136 3.5 1,763 65 years and over.............. 8,659 1,525 17.6 1,470 17.0 55 3.6 7,135 Gulf War era Total, 18 years and over........... 3,253 2,935 90.2 2,791 85.8 144 4.9 318 18 to 24 years................. 248 200 80.5 165 66.7 34 17.2 48 25 to 34 years................. 1,244 1,172 94.2 1,132 90.9 40 3.4 73 35 to 44 years................. 1,071 986 92.1 933 87.1 54 5.4 84 45 to 54 years................. 513 467 90.9 453 88.3 14 3.0 47 55 to 64 years................. 145 105 72.8 103 71.4 2 1.9 39 65 years and over.............. 32 5 (1) 5 (1) - - 27 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era (2) Total, 45 years and over........... 13,067 5,679 43.5 5,491 42.0 189 3.3 7,387 45 to 54 years................. 1,561 1,299 83.3 1,269 81.3 31 2.3 261 55 to 64 years................. 4,775 3,361 70.4 3,238 67.8 123 3.7 1,413 65 years and over.............. 6,731 1,019 15.1 984 14.6 35 3.5 5,713 Other service periods Total, 25 years and over........... 5,436 3,473 63.9 3,355 61.7 118 3.4 1,963 25 to 34 years................. 49 49 (1) 49 (1) - - - 35 to 44 years................. 1,424 1,302 91.4 1,265 88.8 36 2.8 123 45 to 54 years................. 1,358 1,222 90.0 1,171 86.2 52 4.2 135 55 to 64 years................. 709 400 56.3 389 54.8 11 2.7 310 65 years and over.............. 1,896 501 26.4 481 25.4 20 4.0 1,395 NONVETERANS Total, 18 years and over........... 83,147 67,462 81.1 64,502 77.6 2,960 4.4 15,685 18 to 24 years................. 13,840 10,488 75.8 9,395 67.9 1,093 10.4 3,352 25 to 34 years................. 18,172 16,778 92.3 16,086 88.5 693 4.1 1,393 35 to 44 years................. 18,678 17,208 92.1 16,659 89.2 548 3.2 1,470 45 to 54 years................. 17,208 15,245 88.6 14,807 86.0 438 2.9 1,963 55 to 64 years................. 8,937 6,274 70.2 6,109 68.4 165 2.6 2,664 65 years and over.............. 6,313 1,469 23.3 1,446 22.9 23 1.6 4,844 WOMEN VETERANS Total, 18 years and over........... 1,646 1,017 61.8 957 58.2 60 5.9 629 18 to 24 years................. 68 46 (1) 34 (1) 12 (1) 23 25 to 34 years................. 264 177 66.9 164 62.3 12 6.9 87 35 to 44 years................. 436 362 83.1 356 81.7 6 1.7 73 45 to 54 years................. 434 346 79.8 322 74.2 25 7.1 87 55 to 64 years................. 142 69 48.7 65 45.8 4 (1) 73 65 years and over.............. 302 17 5.8 16 5.4 1 (1) 285 Gulf War era Total, 18 years and over........... 608 422 69.5 393 64.7 29 6.9 185 18 to 24 years................. 68 46 (1) 34 (1) 12 (1) 23 25 to 34 years................. 252 165 65.3 153 60.6 12 7.2 87 35 to 44 years................. 188 150 79.8 148 78.7 2 1.5 38 45 to 54 years................. 88 60 68.4 57 64.4 4 (1) 28 55 to 64 years................. 6 2 (1) 2 (1) - - 4 65 years and over.............. 5 - - - - - - 5 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era (2) Total, 45 years and over........... 460 169 36.8 157 34.1 13 7.4 291 45 to 54 years................. 115 102 89.1 95 82.9 7 6.9 13 55 to 64 years................. 97 55 56.3 51 52.0 4 (1) 43 65 years and over.............. 247 12 4.8 11 4.3 1 (1) 235 Other service periods Total, 25 years and over........... 578 426 73.6 407 70.4 18 4.3 153 25 to 34 years................. 12 12 (1) 12 (1) - (1) - 35 to 44 years................. 248 212 85.7 208 84.0 4 1.9 36 45 to 54 years................. 231 184 79.6 170 73.5 14 7.6 47 55 to 64 years................. 38 12 (1) 12 (1) - - 26 65 years and over.............. 50 6 (1) 6 (1) - - 44 NONVETERANS Total, 18 years and over........... 111,277 66,781 60.0 63,424 57.0 3,357 5.0 44,496 18 to 24 years................. 13,956 9,478 67.9 8,597 61.6 881 9.3 4,478 25 to 34 years................. 19,366 14,116 72.9 13,262 68.5 854 6.0 5,250 35 to 44 years................. 21,380 16,075 75.2 15,404 72.1 670 4.2 5,305 45 to 54 years................. 21,115 16,009 75.8 15,474 73.3 535 3.3 5,106 55 to 64 years................. 15,585 8,857 56.8 8,540 54.8 317 3.6 6,728 65 years and over.............. 19,875 2,246 11.3 2,147 10.8 99 4.4 17,629 1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 75,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors. 2 Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any veterans of these eras under 45 years of age. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Table 3. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, veteran status, period of service, and sex, August 2005, not seasonally adjusted (Percent distribution) Veterans Occupation WW II, Other Nonveterans Total Gulf War Korean service era War, and periods Vietnam era TOTAL Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................ 12,594 3,184 5,647 3,762 127,926 Percent............................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Management, professional, and related occupations....... 34.3 31.4 36.5 33.6 34.9 Management, business, and financial operations occupations......................................... 17.7 13.7 20.0 17.5 14.4 Professional and related occupations.................. 16.6 17.7 16.4 16.0 20.5 Service occupations..................................... 12.2 15.2 10.9 11.5 16.6 Sales and office occupations............................ 19.2 19.3 19.9 18.1 25.7 Sales and related occupations......................... 10.6 9.1 12.7 8.9 11.3 Office and administrative support occupations......... 8.6 10.2 7.2 9.3 14.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations......................................... 17.1 17.2 15.6 19.1 10.7 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............ .5 .6 .6 .2 .8 Construction and extraction occupations............... 8.7 8.4 8.0 10.2 6.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations..... 7.9 8.2 7.1 8.8 3.4 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations......................................... 17.2 16.9 17.1 17.6 12.1 Production occupations................................ 7.4 7.6 7.0 8.0 6.4 Transportation and material moving occupations........ 9.7 9.3 10.1 9.6 5.7 Men Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................ 11,637 2,791 5,491 3,355 64,502 Percent............................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Management, professional, and related occupations....... 33.8 30.2 36.4 32.6 31.9 Management, business, and financial operations occupations......................................... 17.8 13.2 20.3 17.7 15.3 Professional and related occupations.................. 16.0 17.0 16.2 14.9 16.6 Service occupations..................................... 12.0 15.3 10.9 11.0 13.1 Sales and office occupations............................ 18.1 17.0 19.4 17.1 16.9 Sales and related occupations......................... 10.8 9.0 12.8 9.0 10.5 Office and administrative support occupations......... 7.3 8.0 6.6 8.0 6.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations......................................... 18.0 18.9 15.9 20.7 20.2 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............ .5 .7 .6 .2 1.2 Construction and extraction occupations............... 9.2 9.0 8.1 11.2 12.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations..... 8.3 9.2 7.2 9.3 6.5 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations......................................... 18.0 18.6 17.4 18.7 18.0 Production occupations................................ 7.7 8.2 7.0 8.3 8.4 Transportation and material moving occupations........ 10.3 10.4 10.3 10.3 9.6 Women Total, 18 years and over (thousands)................ 957 393 157 407 63,424 Percent............................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Management, professional, and related occupations....... 40.2 40.3 36.7 41.5 37.9 Management, business, and financial operations occupations......................................... 15.9 17.2 12.1 16.1 13.4 Professional and related occupations.................. 24.3 23.1 24.6 25.4 24.5 Service occupations..................................... 14.9 14.6 12.4 16.2 20.2 Sales and office occupations............................ 32.6 35.5 39.5 27.0 34.6 Sales and related occupations......................... 8.7 9.7 9.2 7.6 12.0 Office and administrative support occupations......... 23.8 25.9 30.3 19.4 22.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations........................................... 5.4 4.8 4.9 6.3 1.1 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............ - - - - .4 Construction and extraction occupations............... 2.6 3.6 2.3 1.8 .4 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations..... 2.8 1.1 - 4.4 .3 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations........................................... 6.9 4.7 6.6 9.0 6.1 Production occupations................................ 4.5 3.0 6.3 5.2 4.3 Transportation and material moving occupations........ 2.4 1.7 .2 3.8 1.8 NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Occupations reflect the 2002 Census occupational classification system derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Table 4. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by period of service, presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, and sex, August 2005, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Civilian Employed Unemployed Not in Period of service, presence of disability, noninsti- Percent labor reported disability rating, and sex tutional of force population Total popula- Percent Percent tion Total of Total of popula- labor tion force TOTAL VETERANS With service-connected disability................. 2,531 1,244 49.1 1,188 46.9 55 4.4 1,288 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 1,189 686 57.7 655 55.1 31 4.5 503 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 557 281 50.5 269 48.3 12 4.4 276 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 561 173 30.9 172 30.6 1 .9 388 Disability rating not reported............... 225 103 45.9 92 41.1 11 10.4 122 Without service-connected disability.............. 17,450 9,785 56.1 9,384 53.8 401 4.1 7,665 Presence of disability not reported............... 3,421 2,076 60.7 2,021 59.1 55 2.6 1,345 Gulf War era With service-connected disability................. 642 532 82.9 503 78.4 29 5.4 110 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 318 281 88.5 271 85.3 10 3.6 37 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 163 131 80.5 123 75.7 8 6.0 32 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 112 83 73.5 81 72.1 1 1.8 30 Disability rating not reported............... 49 38 (1) 28 (1) 9 (1) 12 Without service-connected disability.............. 2,496 2,222 89.0 2,106 84.4 116 5.2 274 Presence of disability not reported............... 722 603 83.5 575 79.6 28 4.7 119 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era With service-connected disability................. 1,405 443 31.5 429 30.5 14 3.2 962 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 617 253 41.0 241 39.1 11 4.5 364 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 290 84 29.0 83 28.5 2 2.0 206 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 357 58 16.2 58 16.2 - - 299 Disability rating not reported............... 140 48 34.1 47 33.2 1 (1) 92 Without service-connected disability.............. 10,317 4,577 44.4 4,399 42.6 178 3.9 5,740 Presence of disability not reported............... 1,805 829 45.9 820 45.4 9 1.0 976 Other service periods With service-connected disability................. 485 268 55.4 256 52.9 12 4.4 216 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 254 152 59.9 143 56.3 9 6.0 102 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 103 66 63.6 63 60.8 3 (1) 38 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 92 33 35.8 33 35.8 - - 59 Disability rating not reported............... 35 18 (1) 18 (1) - - 18 Without service-connected disability.............. 4,637 2,986 64.4 2,879 62.1 107 3.6 1,650 Presence of disability not reported............... 893 644 72.1 626 70.1 18 2.8 249 Men VETERANS With service-connected disability................. 2,330 1,127 48.4 1,080 46.3 47 4.2 1,203 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 1,096 625 57.0 599 54.7 25 4.1 471 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 494 248 50.2 235 47.7 12 5.0 246 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 521 157 30.0 157 30.0 - - 365 Disability rating not reported............... 219 98 44.8 89 40.5 9 9.6 121 Without service-connected disability.............. 16,328 9,091 55.7 8,736 53.5 356 3.9 7,236 Presence of disability not reported............... 3,098 1,869 60.3 1,821 58.8 48 2.6 1,229 Gulf War era With service-connected disability................. 541 471 87.1 448 82.7 24 5.0 70 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 269 249 92.5 242 90.2 6 2.5 20 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 134 115 85.5 107 79.7 8 6.8 19 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 93 74 78.9 74 78.9 - - 20 Disability rating not reported............... 45 34 (1) 25 (1) 9 (1) 11 Without service-connected disability.............. 2,112 1,948 92.2 1,853 87.7 95 4.9 164 Presence of disability not reported............... 600 516 85.9 490 81.7 25 4.9 85 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era With service-connected disability................. 1,361 425 31.2 413 30.3 12 2.8 936 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 594 239 40.3 229 38.6 10 4.2 355 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 277 81 29.3 80 28.7 2 2.0 196 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 351 58 16.5 58 16.5 - - 293 Disability rating not reported............... 139 47 33.5 47 33.5 - - 92 Without service-connected disability.............. 9,985 4,463 44.7 4,291 43.0 171 3.8 5,522 Presence of disability not reported............... 1,721 792 46.0 787 45.7 5 .7 929 Other service periods With service-connected disability................. 428 231 54.0 219 51.2 12 5.2 197 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 234 137 58.6 128 54.7 9 6.6 97 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 82 52 62.8 49 59.3 3 (1) 31 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 77 25 32.5 25 32.5 - - 52 Disability rating not reported............... 35 17 (1) 17 (1) - - 18 Without service-connected disability.............. 4,232 2,681 63.4 2,592 61.2 89 3.3 1,551 Presence of disability not reported............... 777 561 72.3 544 70.1 17 3.1 215 Women VETERANS With service-connected disability................. 201 116 57.9 109 54.0 8 6.8 85 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 92 61 66.2 56 60.6 5 (1) 31 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 63 34 (1) 34 (1) - - 29 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 40 17 (1) 15 (1) 1 (1) 23 Disability rating not reported............... 6 5 (1) 4 (1) 1 (1) 1 Without service-connected disability.............. 1,122 694 61.8 648 57.8 46 6.6 428 Presence of disability not reported............... 323 207 64.1 200 62.1 7 3.2 116 Gulf War era With service-connected disability................. 101 61 60.3 56 55.1 5 (1) 40 Without service-connected disability.............. 385 274 71.2 253 65.8 21 7.6 111 Presence of disability not reported............... 122 87 71.7 84 69.2 3 3.4 35 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era With service-connected disability................. 44 18 (1) 15 (1) 3 (1) 25 Without service-connected disability.............. 332 114 34.4 107 32.3 7 6.0 218 Presence of disability not reported............... 84 37 43.8 34 40.1 3 (1) 47 Other service periods With service-connected disability................. 57 37 (1) 37 (1) - - 19 Without service-connected disability.............. 405 305 75.4 288 71.0 18 5.9 100 Presence of disability not reported............... 117 83 70.9 82 70.4 1 .6 34 1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 75,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey re- sponses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and class of worker, August 2005, not seasonally adjusted Percent distribution by class of worker Nonagricultural industries Veteran status, period of service, Total Agricul- Wage and salary workers and presence of disability employed ture and Self- (thousands) Total related employed indus- Government and tries Total unpaid Private family sector State workers Total Federal and local Veterans (1)....................... 12,594 100.0 2.5 97.5 70.8 18.5 7.2 11.3 8.3 With service-connected disability................... 1,188 100.0 1.6 98.4 62.0 31.1 17.6 13.5 5.2 Without service-connected disability................... 9,384 100.0 2.6 97.4 71.7 16.8 5.8 11.0 8.9 Gulf War era (1)................... 3,184 100.0 .8 99.2 74.1 21.9 9.8 12.1 3.2 With service-connected disability................... 503 100.0 .7 99.3 62.0 35.4 23.2 12.3 1.8 Without service-connected disability................... 2,106 100.0 .6 99.4 76.8 19.2 7.6 11.6 3.4 WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era (1)......................... 5,647 100.0 3.6 96.4 68.0 17.5 6.4 11.0 11.0 With service-connected disability................... 429 100.0 3.2 96.8 59.7 27.7 12.3 15.4 9.4 Without service-connected disability................... 4,399 100.0 3.6 96.4 68.4 16.6 5.4 11.2 11.4 Other service periods (1).......... 3,762 100.0 2.2 97.8 72.2 17.1 6.0 11.1 8.6 With service-connected disability................... 256 100.0 .8 99.2 66.0 28.4 15.6 12.8 4.8 Without service-connected disability................... 2,879 100.0 2.5 97.5 73.2 15.2 5.0 10.2 9.1 Nonveterans........................ 127,926 100.0 1.6 98.4 78.1 13.7 2.1 11.6 6.6 1 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Table 6. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by year of discharge from the Armed Forces, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, August 2005, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Civilian Year of discharge, sex, race, noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in and Hispanic or Latino tutional Percent labor ethnicity population Total of force population Percent Percent Total of Total of population labor force TOTAL Prior to 1971................. 9,917 3,042 30.7 2,902 29.3 140 4.6 6,875 1971 to 1980.................. 3,497 2,664 76.2 2,573 73.6 91 3.4 834 1981 to 1990.................. 2,192 1,894 86.4 1,834 83.7 60 3.2 298 1991 to 2001.................. 2,488 2,200 88.4 2,126 85.4 75 3.4 288 2002 to 2005.................. 792 681 86.0 600 75.8 81 11.9 110 Year not available............ 4,516 2,624 58.1 2,560 56.7 64 2.5 1,892 Men Prior to 1971................. 9,638 3,007 31.2 2,869 29.8 137 4.6 6,632 1971 to 1980.................. 3,299 2,511 76.1 2,427 73.6 84 3.4 788 1981 to 1990.................. 1,938 1,673 86.4 1,626 83.9 47 2.8 264 1991 to 2001.................. 2,100 1,916 91.2 1,849 88.1 67 3.5 184 2002 to 2005.................. 674 606 89.9 546 81.0 60 9.9 68 Year not available............ 4,108 2,375 57.8 2,320 56.5 55 2.3 1,732 Women Prior to 1971................. 279 36 12.8 33 11.8 3 (1) 243 1971 to 1980.................. 198 153 77.0 146 73.5 7 4.5 46 1981 to 1990.................. 254 220 86.7 208 81.7 13 5.7 34 1991 to 2001.................. 388 284 73.2 277 71.2 8 2.7 104 2002 to 2005.................. 118 76 64.1 54 45.9 22 28.5 42 Year not available............ 408 249 60.9 240 58.8 9 3.6 160 White Prior to 1971................. 9,252 2,829 30.6 2,705 29.2 123 4.4 6,423 1971 to 1980.................. 3,047 2,320 76.1 2,255 74.0 64 2.8 728 1981 to 1990.................. 1,792 1,538 85.8 1,502 83.8 37 2.4 254 1991 to 2001.................. 2,005 1,783 88.9 1,716 85.6 68 3.8 222 2002 to 2005.................. 631 552 87.5 501 79.4 51 9.3 79 Year not available............ 3,662 2,107 57.5 2,060 56.2 47 2.2 1,555 Black or African American Prior to 1971................. 448 143 32.0 131 29.3 12 8.5 305 1971 to 1980.................. 343 272 79.3 253 73.8 19 7.0 71 1981 to 1990.................. 334 298 89.1 276 82.6 22 7.3 37 1991 to 2001.................. 343 295 85.8 289 84.2 5 1.8 49 2002 to 2005.................. 132 105 80.0 76 57.6 30 28.0 26 Year not available............ 655 396 60.5 386 58.9 10 2.6 259 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Prior to 1971................. 285 63 22.2 54 18.7 10 (1) 222 1971 to 1980.................. 150 118 78.6 114 76.4 3 2.8 32 1981 to 1990.................. 107 85 79.4 83 77.4 2 2.6 22 1991 to 2001.................. 129 109 84.5 108 83.8 1 .8 20 2002 to 2005.................. 85 63 74.3 63 74.3 - - 22 Year not available............ 261 194 74.4 192 73.6 2 1.1 67 1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 75,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Estimates for the above race groups (white and black or African American) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Asians are not shown separately, as most estimates are too small to meet publication standards. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by year of discharge from the Armed Forces, presence of service-connected disability, and reported disability rating, August 2005, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Civilian noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in Year of discharge, presence of disability, tutional Percent labor and reported disability rating popula- of force tion Total popula- Percent Percent tion Total of Total of popula- labor tion force Prior to 1976 With service-connected disability................. 1,235 317 25.6 304 24.6 13 4.0 918 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 587 183 31.2 175 29.8 8 4.4 404 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 231 51 22.3 48 20.9 3 (1) 179 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 297 46 15.4 46 15.4 - (1) 251 Disability rating not reported............... 120 36 30.1 35 29.0 1 (1) 84 Without service-connected disability.............. 10,859 4,335 39.9 4,154 38.3 181 4.2 6,523 1976 to 1990 With service-connected disability................. 471 275 58.4 261 55.5 14 5.0 196 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 231 174 75.4 162 70.0 12 7.1 57 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 125 71 56.8 70 55.9 1 (1) 54 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 96 18 18.5 18 18.5 - - 78 Disability rating not reported............... 18 12 (1) 12 (1) - - 7 Without service-connected disability.............. 3,002 2,654 88.4 2,571 85.6 83 3.1 348 1991 to 2001 With service-connected disability................. 579 475 82.0 467 80.7 8 1.6 104 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 289 266 92.2 263 91.0 3 1.3 23 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 135 103 76.5 99 73.3 4 4.2 32 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 119 80 67.5 80 67.5 - - 39 Disability rating not reported............... 36 25 (1) 25 (1) - - 11 Without service-connected disability.............. 1,905 1,724 90.5 1,658 87.0 67 3.9 181 2002 to 2005 With service-connected disability................. 167 143 85.7 122 73.0 21 14.8 24 Less than 30 percent disability rating....... 58 50 (1) 43 (1) 7 (1) 8 30 to 50 percent disability rating........... 58 52 (1) 48 (1) 3 (1) 6 60 percent or higher disability rating....... 39 29 (1) 28 (1) 1 (1) 10 Disability rating not reported............... 12 12 (1) 2 (1) 9 (1) 1 Without service-connected disability.............. 612 525 85.8 474 77.4 51 9.8 87 1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 75,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors. NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, the Gulf War era, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men and women who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces. Other service periods include the periods between World War II and the Korean War, between the Korean War and the Vietnam era, and between the Vietnam era and the Gulf War era. Categories do not add to totals shown on other tables because data are not shown for veterans whose presence of disability was not reported, and because information on the year of discharge was not available for approximately 4.5 million veterans. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Table 8. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by detailed period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, August 2005 Civilian labor force Civilian noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in Period of service, sex, race, tutional Percent labor and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity popula- of force tion Total popula- Percent Percent tion Total of Total of popula- labor tion force TOTAL Gulf War era, total..................... 3,861 3,358 87.0 3,184 82.5 173 5.2 503 Gulf War era I........................ 2,770 2,447 88.4 2,360 85.2 87 3.6 322 Gulf War era II....................... 1,091 910 83.4 824 75.5 86 9.5 181 Men Gulf War era, total..................... 3,253 2,935 90.2 2,791 85.8 144 4.9 318 Gulf War era I........................ 2,324 2,110 90.8 2,035 87.6 75 3.6 214 Gulf War era II....................... 930 825 88.8 756 81.4 69 8.3 104 Women Gulf War era, total..................... 608 422 69.5 393 64.7 29 6.9 185 Gulf War era I........................ 446 337 75.6 326 73.0 12 3.4 109 Gulf War era II....................... 162 85 52.6 68 41.7 18 20.6 77 White Gulf War era, total..................... 3,047 2,680 88.0 2,551 83.7 129 4.8 367 Gulf War era I........................ 2,180 1,951 89.5 1,877 86.1 74 3.8 229 Gulf War era II....................... 868 730 84.1 674 77.7 55 7.6 138 Black or African American Gulf War era, total..................... 614 506 82.4 466 75.9 40 7.9 108 Gulf War era I........................ 443 370 83.5 358 80.8 12 3.2 73 Gulf War era II....................... 170 136 79.6 108 63.1 28 20.7 35 Asian Gulf War era, total..................... 51 38 (1) 35 (1) 2 (1) 13 Gulf War era I........................ 33 26 (1) 26 (1) - (1) 7 Gulf War era II....................... 18 12 (1) 9 (1) 2 (1) 6 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Gulf War era, total..................... 284 241 85.0 240 84.7 1 .3 43 Gulf War era I........................ 203 184 90.8 184 90.3 1 .5 19 Gulf War era II....................... 80 57 70.5 57 70.5 - - 24 1 Ratios are not shown where the denominator is less than 75,000. Small estimated levels are based on a small number of survey responses and, thus, are subject to relatively large standard errors. NOTE: Veterans of the Gulf War era are those who served from August 1990 to the present. The era has been divided into two sub-eras: Gulf War era I from August 1990 to August 2001; Gulf War era II from September 2001 to the present. Veterans who served in both sub-eras are classified in the more recent one (sub-era II). More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Table 9. Employment status of veterans with multiple wartime periods of service by selected combinations of periods, August 2005 Civilian labor force Civilian noninsti- Employed Unemployed Not in Periods of service tutional Percent labor popula- of force tion Total popula- Percent Percent tion Total of Total of popula- labor tion force Total with multiple wartime periods of service.............................. 812 264 32.6 258 31.8 6 2.3 547 Gulf War era and Vietnam era.......... 259 200 77.2 194 75.1 5 2.8 59 Vietnam era and Korean war............ 206 46 22.1 46 22.1 - - 161 Korean war and World War II........... 286 17 5.9 16 5.7 - - 269 NOTE: Wartime veterans are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. Categories do not add to totals because not all combinations are shown. More detailed information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Dash represents or rounds to zero.