Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	         USDL-20-0521
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 3, 2020

Technical information: 
 Household data:	cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902   *  PressOffice@bls.gov

(NOTE: BLS reissued this news release on September 23, 2020, to address minor
data errors associated with the introduction in January 2020 of a new occupation
classification system. The corrections affected a limited number of data series
presented in tables A-8, A-9, A-13, and A-14 of this release; for the vast 
majority of these series, the impact was negligible. Most major series, including
the official unemployment rate, were not affected. Estimates in the BLS online 
database were corrected for January–July 2020. For more information on these
corrections, see www.bls.gov/bls/errata/revision-to-current-population-survey-
estimates-for-January-through-July-2020.htm.)

	
                 THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MARCH 2020


Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 701,000 in March, and the unemployment
rate rose to 4.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
The changes in these measures reflect the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19)
and efforts to contain it. Employment in leisure and hospitality fell by 459,000,
mainly in food services and drinking places. Notable declines also occurred in
health care and social assistance, professional and business services, retail
trade, and construction. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household
survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic 
characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours,
and earnings by industry. Note that the March survey reference periods for both
surveys predated many coronavirus-related business and school closures that 
occurred in the second half of the month. For more information about the concepts
and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In March, the unemployment rate increased by 0.9 percentage point to 4.4 percent.
This is the largest over-the-month increase in the rate since January 1975, when
the increase was also 0.9 percentage point. The number of unemployed persons rose
by 1.4 million to 7.1 million in March. The sharp increases in these measures
reflect the effects of the coronavirus and efforts to contain it. (See table A-1.
Measures from the household survey pertain to the week of March 8th to March 14th.
For more information about how the household survey and its measures were affected
by the coronavirus, see the box note at the end of this news release.)

In March, unemployment rates rose among all major worker groups. The rate was 4.0
percent for adult men, 4.0 percent for adult women, 14.3 percent for teenagers,
4.0 percent for Whites, 6.7 percent for Blacks, 4.1 percent for Asians, and 6.0
percent for Hispanics. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of unemployed persons who reported being on temporary layoff more than
doubled in March to 1.8 million. The number of permanent job losers increased by
177,000 to 1.5 million. (See table A-11.)

The number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks increased by
1.5 million in March to 3.5 million, accounting for almost half of the unemployed.
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.2
million, was little changed in March and represented 15.9 percent of the unemployed.
(See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, decreased by 0.7 percentage
point over the month. Total employment, as measured by the household survey, fell
by 3.0 million to 155.8 million, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.0
percent, dropped by 1.1 percentage points over the month. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 5.8 million,
increased by 1.4 million in March. These individuals, who would have preferred
full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced
or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In March, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little
changed from the previous month. These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior
12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available
for them, numbered 514,000 in March, up by 109,000 from the previous month. (See
Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment fell sharply in March (-701,000), reflecting the
effects of the coronavirus and efforts to contain it. About two-thirds of the drop
occurred in leisure and hospitality, mainly in food services and drinking places.
Notable employment declines also occurred in health care and social assistance,
professional and business services, retail trade, and construction. In the prior
12 months, nonfarm employment growth had averaged 196,000 per month. (See table
B-1. Measures from the establishment survey pertain to the pay period including
March 12th; pay periods may be weekly, bi-weekly, semi-monthly, or monthly. For
more information about the establishment survey reference period and how survey
operations were affected by the coronavirus, see the box note at the end of this
news release.)

In March, employment in leisure and hospitality fell by 459,000. Most of the
decline occurred in food services and drinking places (-417,000); this employment
decline nearly offset gains over the previous 2 years. Employment in the
accommodation industry also declined in March (-29,000). 

Employment in health care and social assistance fell by 61,000 in March. Health
care employment declined by 43,000, with job losses in offices of dentists
(-17,000), offices of physicians (-12,000), and offices of other health care
practitioners (-7,000). Over the prior 12 months, health care employment had
grown by 374,000. In March, social assistance saw an employment decline of 19,000,
reflecting a job loss in child day care services (-19,000). Over the prior 12
months, social assistance added 193,000 jobs.

Employment in professional and business services decreased by 52,000 in March,
with the decline concentrated in temporary help services (-50,000). Employment
also decreased in travel arrangement and reservation services (-7,000).

In March, employment in retail trade declined by 46,000. Job losses occurred
in clothing and clothing accessories stores (-16,000); furniture stores (-10,000);
and sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores (-9,000). General merchandise
stores gained 10,000 jobs. 

Employment decreased over the month in construction (-29,000). In March,
nonresidential building (-11,000) and heavy and civil engineering construction
(-10,000) lost jobs. Construction employment had increased by 211,000 over
the prior 12 months.

Employment in the other services industry declined by 24,000 in March, with
about half of the loss occurring in personal and laundry services (-13,000).
Over the prior 12 months, other services had added 89,000 jobs.

Mining lost 6,000 jobs in March, with much of the decline occurring in support
activities for mining (-5,000). Since a recent peak in January 2019, mining
employment has declined by 42,000.

In March, manufacturing employment edged down (-18,000). Over the past 12 months,
employment in the industry has shown little net change.

Federal government employment rose by 18,000 in March, reflecting the hiring of
17,000 workers for the 2020 Census.

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, transportation
and warehousing, information, and financial activities, changed little over the
month.

In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
increased by 11 cents to $28.62. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings
have increased by 3.1 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production
and nonsupervisory employees increased by 10 cents to $24.07 in March. (See tables
B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.2
hour to 34.2 hours in March. The decline in the average workweek was most
pronounced in leisure and hospitality, where average weekly hours dropped by
1.4 hours. In manufacturing, the workweek declined by 0.3 hour to 40.4 hours,
and overtime declined by 0.2 hour to 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production
and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.3 hour
to 33.4 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised down by
59,000 from +273,000 to +214,000, and the change for February was revised up
by 2,000 from +273,000 to +275,000. With these revisions, employment gains in
January and February combined were 57,000 lower than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation
of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains averaged 245,000 per month for
January and February. 

_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on
Friday, May 8, 2020, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).


 ________________________________________________________________________________
|										 |
|               Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on March 2020 		         |
|                 Establishment and Household Survey Data			 |
|										 |
| March data from the establishment and household surveys broadly reflect	 |
| some of the early effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the	 |
| labor market. We cannot precisely quantify the effects of the pandemic on	 |
| the job market in March. However, it is clear that the decrease in employment	 |
| and hours and the increase in unemployment can be ascribed to effects of the	 |
| illness and efforts to contain the virus. It is important to keep in mind	 |
| that the March survey reference periods for both surveys predated many	 |
| coronavirus-related business and school closures in the second half of the	 |
| month.									 |
|										 |
| In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed,	 |
| or not in the labor force based on their answers to a series of questions	 |
| about their activities during the survey reference week (March 8th through	 |
| March 14th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire	 |
| survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be	 |
| classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. In March 2020, there was an	 |
| extremely large increase in the number of persons classified as unemployed	 |
| on temporary layoff.  							 |
|										 |
| However, there was also a large increase in the number of workers who were	 |
| classified as employed but absent from work. Special instructions sent to	 |
| household survey interviewers just before data collection started for March	 |
| called for all employed persons absent from work due to coronavirus-related	 |
| business closures to be classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. 	 |
| However, it is apparent that not all such workers were so classified. Such	 |
| a misclassification is an example of nonsampling error and can occur when	 |
| respondents misunderstand questions or interviewers record answers 		 |
| incorrectly. 									 |
|										 |
| If the workers who were recorded as employed but absent from work due to	 |
| “other reasons” (over and above the number absent for other reasons in a	 |
| typical March) had been classified as unemployed on temporary layoff, the	 |
| overall unemployment rate would have been almost 1 percentage point higher	 |
| than reported. However, according to usual practice, the data from the	 |
| household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain data integrity, no	 |
| ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses.			 |
|										 |
| In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all	 |
| or any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month are counted 	 |
| as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs. Workers who are	 |
| temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs, but are not being paid,	 |
| are not counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits.	 |
| The length of the reference period does vary across the respondents in the	 |
| establishment survey; one-third of respondents have a weekly pay period,	 |
| slightly over 40 percent a bi-weekly, about 20 percent semi-monthly, and a	 |
| small amount monthly. 							 |
|										 |
| Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus. The		 |
| household survey is generally collected through in-person and telephone	 |
| interviews, but personal interviews were suspended during the collection	 |
| period for the safety of interviewers and respondents. The household survey	 |
| response rate, at 73 percent, was about 10 percentage points lower than in	 |
| recent months. In the establishment survey, about one-fifth of the data is	 |
| generally collected by telephone at four regional data collection centers.	 |
| Although these centers were closed during the collection period, efforts were	 |
| made to collect data electronically. The collection rate for the establishment |
| survey, at 66 percent, was about 9 percentage points lower than average.	 |
|										 |
| More information is available at						 |
| www.bls.gov/cps/employment-situation-covid19-faq-march-2020.pdf. 		 |
|________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Change from: Feb. 2020- Mar. 2020
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	258,537	259,502	259,628	259,758	130
Civilian labor force	162,935	164,606	164,546	162,913	-1,633
Participation rate	63.0	63.4	63.4	62.7	-0.7
Employed	156,741	158,714	158,759	155,772	-2,987
Employment-population ratio	60.6	61.2	61.1	60.0	-1.1
Unemployed	6,194	5,892	5,787	7,140	1,353
Unemployment rate	3.8	3.6	3.5	4.4	0.9
Not in labor force	95,602	94,896	95,082	96,845	1,763
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	3.8	3.6	3.5	4.4	0.9
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.6	3.3	3.3	4.0	0.7
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.3	3.2	3.1	4.0	0.9
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.7	12.2	11.0	14.3	3.3
White	3.4	3.1	3.1	4.0	0.9
Black or African American	6.6	6.0	5.8	6.7	0.9
Asian	3.1	3.0	2.5	4.1	1.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	4.7	4.3	4.4	6.0	1.6
Total, 25 years and over	3.1	2.9	2.9	3.5	0.6
Less than a high school diploma	5.8	5.5	5.7	6.8	1.1
High school graduates, no college	3.7	3.8	3.6	4.4	0.8
Some college or associate degree	3.4	2.8	3.0	3.7	0.7
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.5	0.6
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2,826	2,665	2,723	3,946	1,223
Job leavers	780	836	777	727	-50
Reentrants	2,002	1,838	1,803	1,778	-25
New entrants	605	557	505	509	4
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,116	2,059	2,013	3,542	1,529
5 to 14 weeks	1,812	1,755	1,803	1,794	-9
15 to 26 weeks	936	887	825	808	-17
27 weeks and over	1,305	1,166	1,102	1,164	62
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,517	4,182	4,318	5,765	1,447
Slack work or business conditions	2,887	2,655	2,776	4,043	1,267
Could only find part-time work	1,347	1,294	1,317	1,321	4
Part time for noneconomic reasons	21,332	22,154	22,175	20,601	-1,574
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,423	1,342	1,440	1,426	-14
Discouraged workers	417	337	405	514	109
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	147	214	275	-701
Total private	132	179	242	-713
Goods-producing	17	13	57	-54
Mining and logging	0	-3	3	-7
Construction	20	38	41	-29
Manufacturing	-3	-22	13	-18
Durable goods(1)	-6	-12	11	-7
Motor vehicles and parts	-6.4	-7.5	8.5	-2.2
Nondurable goods	3	-10	2	-11
Private service-providing	115	166	185	-659
Wholesale trade	-4.4	4.3	-1.9	0.9
Retail trade	-24.3	-3.2	1.2	-46.2
Transportation and warehousing	5.7	22.6	-1.2	-4.9
Utilities	0.5	-1.0	0.2	0.8
Information	10	11	3	2
Financial activities	17	9	31	-1
Professional and business services(1)	12	20	36	-52
Temporary help services	-11.0	-3.9	-3.9	-49.5
Education and health services(1)	63	69	65	-76
Health care and social assistance	61.5	41.0	66.1	-61.2
Leisure and hospitality	21	24	44	-459
Other services	15	10	8	-24
Government	15	35	33	12
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	139	220	224	-71
Total private	128	197	195	-97
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	50.0	50.0	50.0
Total private women employees	48.4	48.7	48.7	48.6
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.4	82.2	82.2	82.0
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.3	34.4	34.2
Average hourly earnings	$27.76	$28.43	$28.51	$28.62
Average weekly earnings	$957.72	$975.15	$980.74	$978.80
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	110.6	111.5	112.0	110.8
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	0.1	0.4	-1.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	146.8	151.6	152.7	151.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.6	0.4	0.7	-0.7
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)	57.2	55.2	57.9	36.0
Manufacturing (76 industries)	53.9	43.4	50.7	36.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	258,537	259,628	259,758	258,537	260,020	260,181	259,502	259,628	259,758
Civilian labor force	162,823	164,235	162,537	162,935	164,347	164,556	164,606	164,546	162,913
Participation rate	63.0	63.3	62.6	63.0	63.2	63.2	63.4	63.4	62.7
Employed	156,441	158,017	155,167	156,741	158,536	158,803	158,714	158,759	155,772
Employment-population ratio	60.5	60.9	59.7	60.6	61.0	61.0	61.2	61.1	60.0
Unemployed	6,382	6,218	7,370	6,194	5,811	5,753	5,892	5,787	7,140
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.8	4.5	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	4.4
Not in labor force	95,714	95,393	97,221	95,602	95,673	95,625	94,896	95,082	96,845
Persons who currently want a job	4,887	4,973	5,215	5,196	4,832	4,832	4,904	4,962	5,509
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,037	125,575	125,639	125,037	125,773	125,852	125,513	125,575	125,639
Civilian labor force	86,286	86,597	85,914	86,441	87,104	87,049	87,088	87,008	86,123
Participation rate	69.0	69.0	68.4	69.1	69.3	69.2	69.4	69.3	68.5
Employed	82,606	83,047	81,794	83,047	84,018	84,034	83,940	83,871	82,357
Employment-population ratio	66.1	66.1	65.1	66.4	66.8	66.8	66.9	66.8	65.6
Unemployed	3,681	3,549	4,120	3,394	3,086	3,015	3,147	3,137	3,765
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.1	4.8	3.9	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.6	4.4
Not in labor force	38,750	38,979	39,725	38,595	38,669	38,803	38,426	38,568	39,516
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	116,586	117,181	117,254	116,586	117,331	117,413	117,110	117,181	117,254
Civilian labor force	83,603	83,804	83,174	83,566	84,057	84,008	84,087	84,001	83,176
Participation rate	71.7	71.5	70.9	71.7	71.6	71.5	71.8	71.7	70.9
Employed	80,295	80,592	79,448	80,570	81,377	81,390	81,345	81,202	79,832
Employment-population ratio	68.9	68.8	67.8	69.1	69.4	69.3	69.5	69.3	68.1
Unemployed	3,308	3,212	3,726	2,995	2,679	2,618	2,743	2,799	3,344
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.8	4.5	3.6	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.3	4.0
Not in labor force	32,983	33,377	34,080	33,021	33,274	33,405	33,023	33,180	34,078
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	133,500	134,053	134,119	133,500	134,247	134,329	133,988	134,053	134,119
Civilian labor force	76,536	77,638	76,623	76,494	77,243	77,507	77,518	77,538	76,790
Participation rate	57.3	57.9	57.1	57.3	57.5	57.7	57.9	57.8	57.3
Employed	73,835	74,970	73,373	73,694	74,518	74,769	74,774	74,888	73,415
Employment-population ratio	55.3	55.9	54.7	55.2	55.5	55.7	55.8	55.9	54.7
Unemployed	2,701	2,668	3,250	2,799	2,725	2,738	2,744	2,651	3,375
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.4	4.2	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	4.4
Not in labor force	56,964	56,415	57,496	57,007	57,004	56,822	56,470	56,514	57,329
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	125,252	125,841	125,915	125,252	125,998	126,082	125,770	125,841	125,915
Civilian labor force	73,658	74,768	73,789	73,508	74,291	74,584	74,512	74,501	73,840
Participation rate	58.8	59.4	58.6	58.7	59.0	59.2	59.2	59.2	58.6
Employed	71,259	72,413	70,908	71,056	71,881	72,200	72,097	72,179	70,886
Employment-population ratio	56.9	57.5	56.3	56.7	57.0	57.3	57.3	57.4	56.3
Unemployed	2,399	2,355	2,881	2,451	2,411	2,383	2,415	2,323	2,954
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.1	3.9	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.1	4.0
Not in labor force	51,594	51,073	52,126	51,744	51,706	51,498	51,258	51,340	52,075
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,698	16,606	16,590	16,698	16,692	16,686	16,622	16,606	16,590
Civilian labor force	5,562	5,663	5,574	5,862	5,999	5,964	6,007	6,043	5,897
Participation rate	33.3	34.1	33.6	35.1	35.9	35.7	36.1	36.4	35.5
Employed	4,887	5,012	4,811	5,115	5,278	5,213	5,273	5,378	5,054
Employment-population ratio	29.3	30.2	29.0	30.6	31.6	31.2	31.7	32.4	30.5
Unemployed	675	651	763	747	721	752	734	665	843
Unemployment rate	12.1	11.5	13.7	12.7	12.0	12.6	12.2	11.0	14.3
Not in labor force	11,137	10,943	11,015	10,837	10,693	10,722	10,614	10,562	10,693
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	200,508	200,968	201,023	200,508	201,254	201,326	200,918	200,968	201,023
Civilian labor force	126,290	126,954	125,761	126,398	127,191	127,197	127,288	127,146	126,021
Participation rate	63.0	63.2	62.6	63.0	63.2	63.2	63.4	63.3	62.7
Employed	121,929	122,669	120,660	122,111	123,077	123,175	123,332	123,189	121,042
Employment-population ratio	60.8	61.0	60.0	60.9	61.2	61.2	61.4	61.3	60.2
Unemployed	4,362	4,285	5,101	4,286	4,115	4,022	3,957	3,957	4,979
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.4	4.1	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1	4.0
Not in labor force	74,218	74,014	75,261	74,111	74,063	74,129	73,630	73,821	75,002
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	66,029	66,057	65,501	66,020	66,204	66,076	66,279	66,153	65,522
Participation rate	71.9	71.7	71.1	71.9	71.8	71.6	72.0	71.8	71.1
Employed	63,742	63,767	62,842	63,937	64,247	64,238	64,341	64,204	63,120
Employment-population ratio	69.4	69.2	68.2	69.6	69.7	69.6	69.9	69.7	68.5
Unemployed	2,287	2,290	2,659	2,083	1,957	1,839	1,938	1,950	2,402
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.5	4.1	3.2	3.0	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,893	56,477	55,894	55,777	56,299	56,429	56,324	56,247	55,878
Participation rate	58.0	58.4	57.8	57.8	58.2	58.3	58.3	58.2	57.8
Employed	54,293	54,914	53,974	54,102	54,666	54,827	54,807	54,692	53,878
Employment-population ratio	56.3	56.8	55.8	56.1	56.5	56.6	56.7	56.6	55.7
Unemployed	1,600	1,563	1,921	1,676	1,633	1,602	1,517	1,555	2,000
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.8	3.4	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.8	3.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,368	4,420	4,366	4,600	4,688	4,692	4,686	4,746	4,621
Participation rate	35.6	36.3	35.9	37.5	38.3	38.4	38.4	39.0	38.0
Employed	3,894	3,988	3,844	4,073	4,164	4,111	4,184	4,294	4,043
Employment-population ratio	31.8	32.7	31.6	33.2	34.0	33.6	34.3	35.2	33.2
Unemployed	474	432	521	528	524	581	502	452	578
Unemployment rate	10.9	9.8	11.9	11.5	11.2	12.4	10.7	9.5	12.5
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	32,925	33,211	33,238	32,925	33,184	33,215	33,184	33,211	33,238
Civilian labor force	20,328	20,833	20,455	20,437	20,675	20,949	20,790	20,946	20,596
Participation rate	61.7	62.7	61.5	62.1	62.3	63.1	62.6	63.1	62.0
Employed	18,965	19,530	19,018	19,093	19,527	19,712	19,549	19,730	19,208
Employment-population ratio	57.6	58.8	57.2	58.0	58.8	59.3	58.9	59.4	57.8
Unemployed	1,364	1,303	1,438	1,344	1,148	1,238	1,241	1,216	1,387
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.3	7.0	6.6	5.6	5.9	6.0	5.8	6.7
Not in labor force	12,597	12,379	12,783	12,488	12,509	12,266	12,395	12,266	12,642
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,344	9,408	9,404	9,396	9,504	9,591	9,445	9,499	9,477
Participation rate	67.6	67.3	67.2	68.0	68.1	68.6	67.6	68.0	67.7
Employed	8,675	8,779	8,691	8,765	9,019	9,034	8,918	8,945	8,812
Employment-population ratio	62.8	62.8	62.1	63.4	64.6	64.6	63.9	64.0	63.0
Unemployed	669	629	713	630	485	557	526	554	665
Unemployment rate	7.2	6.7	7.6	6.7	5.1	5.8	5.6	5.8	7.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,324	10,726	10,363	10,318	10,445	10,625	10,617	10,721	10,374
Participation rate	62.1	63.9	61.6	62.0	62.3	63.3	63.3	63.8	61.7
Employed	9,777	10,194	9,806	9,776	9,929	10,094	10,067	10,207	9,830
Employment-population ratio	58.8	60.7	58.3	58.8	59.2	60.1	60.0	60.8	58.5
Unemployed	547	532	558	542	516	530	550	514	543
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.0	5.4	5.3	4.9	5.0	5.2	4.8	5.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	660	698	687	723	727	734	728	725	745
Participation rate	26.7	28.7	28.3	29.3	29.6	29.9	29.8	29.8	30.7
Employed	513	556	521	552	579	583	564	578	566
Employment-population ratio	20.7	22.9	21.4	22.3	23.6	23.8	23.1	23.7	23.3
Unemployed	148	142	167	171	147	151	164	148	180
Unemployment rate	22.4	20.3	24.2	23.7	20.3	20.6	22.5	20.4	24.1
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,245	16,421	16,419	16,245	16,558	16,482	16,178	16,421	16,419
Civilian labor force	10,447	10,596	10,486	10,400	10,705	10,478	10,332	10,574	10,470
Participation rate	64.3	64.5	63.9	64.0	64.7	63.6	63.9	64.4	63.8
Employed	10,133	10,327	10,058	10,082	10,429	10,214	10,017	10,312	10,037
Employment-population ratio	62.4	62.9	61.3	62.1	63.0	62.0	61.9	62.8	61.1
Unemployed	314	268	428	318	276	264	315	262	433
Unemployment rate	3.0	2.5	4.1	3.1	2.6	2.5	3.0	2.5	4.1
Not in labor force	5,798	5,825	5,932	5,845	5,852	6,004	5,847	5,848	5,948
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,205	43,820	43,895	43,205	43,902	43,986	43,742	43,820	43,895
Civilian labor force	28,900	29,750	29,372	28,919	29,575	29,517	29,672	29,852	29,443
Participation rate	66.9	67.9	66.9	66.9	67.4	67.1	67.8	68.1	67.1
Employed	27,479	28,311	27,531	27,562	28,339	28,286	28,397	28,531	27,672
Employment-population ratio	63.6	64.6	62.7	63.8	64.6	64.3	64.9	65.1	63.0
Unemployed	1,421	1,438	1,841	1,357	1,236	1,231	1,275	1,322	1,771
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.8	6.3	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.4	6.0
Not in labor force	14,305	14,071	14,523	14,286	14,327	14,468	14,070	13,968	14,452
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,836	15,985	15,836	15,833	15,983	15,875	16,114	16,035	15,844
Participation rate	81.2	80.8	79.9	81.2	80.6	79.9	81.6	81.1	80.0
Employed	15,114	15,355	14,943	15,192	15,498	15,393	15,571	15,519	15,037
Employment-population ratio	77.5	77.6	75.4	77.9	78.2	77.5	78.9	78.5	75.9
Unemployed	722	630	893	641	485	483	543	516	807
Unemployment rate	4.6	3.9	5.6	4.0	3.0	3.0	3.4	3.2	5.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,842	12,460	12,208	11,841	12,196	12,293	12,242	12,441	12,245
Participation rate	60.0	62.2	60.8	60.0	60.8	61.1	61.2	62.1	61.0
Employed	11,318	11,839	11,462	11,324	11,675	11,736	11,701	11,834	11,507
Employment-population ratio	57.3	59.1	57.1	57.4	58.2	58.4	58.5	59.1	57.3
Unemployed	524	622	746	517	521	558	541	607	738
Unemployment rate	4.4	5.0	6.1	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.4	4.9	6.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,222	1,305	1,328	1,245	1,396	1,349	1,316	1,377	1,354
Participation rate	30.8	32.6	33.2	31.4	34.8	33.6	32.9	34.4	33.8
Employed	1,048	1,118	1,126	1,046	1,166	1,157	1,125	1,177	1,128
Employment-population ratio	26.4	27.9	28.1	26.3	29.0	28.8	28.1	29.4	28.2
Unemployed	175	187	202	200	230	191	191	199	225
Unemployment rate	14.3	14.3	15.2	16.0	16.5	14.2	14.5	14.5	16.7
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,064	9,341	9,184	10,118	9,761	9,895	9,621	9,710	9,251
Participation rate	45.8	46.0	45.3	46.0	46.5	46.5	45.9	47.8	45.7
Employed	9,374	8,670	8,439	9,532	9,245	9,379	9,090	9,160	8,626
Employment-population ratio	42.6	42.7	41.6	43.4	44.1	44.0	43.4	45.1	42.6
Unemployed	689	671	745	586	516	516	531	550	625
Unemployment rate	6.9	7.2	8.1	5.8	5.3	5.2	5.5	5.7	6.8
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,015	36,278	35,142	35,995	36,178	36,094	36,230	36,309	35,232
Participation rate	57.9	58.3	57.3	57.9	58.0	58.5	58.7	58.3	57.4
Employed	34,571	34,793	33,460	34,667	34,850	34,764	34,861	34,986	33,687
Employment-population ratio	55.6	55.9	54.6	55.8	55.9	56.3	56.5	56.2	54.9
Unemployed	1,444	1,484	1,682	1,328	1,328	1,330	1,369	1,323	1,545
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.1	4.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.6	4.4
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,204	37,291	37,256	37,278	37,478	37,509	37,283	37,325	37,381
Participation rate	65.1	64.7	64.5	65.2	64.7	64.7	64.6	64.8	64.7
Employed	35,895	36,061	35,803	36,025	36,393	36,491	36,243	36,209	36,013
Employment-population ratio	62.8	62.6	62.0	63.0	62.9	63.0	62.8	62.9	62.3
Unemployed	1,309	1,230	1,453	1,253	1,085	1,018	1,040	1,116	1,368
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.3	3.9	3.4	2.9	2.7	2.8	3.0	3.7
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	58,984	60,589	60,888	58,598	59,924	59,938	60,176	59,894	60,487
Participation rate	74.2	74.0	73.5	73.7	74.0	73.5	73.7	73.1	73.0
Employed	57,789	59,411	59,405	57,408	58,750	58,778	59,002	58,736	59,000
Employment-population ratio	72.7	72.5	71.7	72.2	72.5	72.1	72.3	71.7	71.2
Unemployed	1,195	1,177	1,484	1,189	1,174	1,160	1,174	1,158	1,487
Unemployment rate	2.0	1.9	2.4	2.0	2.0	1.9	2.0	1.9	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,933	18,578	17,055	16,678	1,878	1,900
Civilian labor force	9,351	9,072	8,208	7,974	1,143	1,098
Participation rate	49.4	48.8	48.1	47.8	60.9	57.8
Employed	9,081	8,703	7,968	7,653	1,113	1,051
Employment-population ratio	48.0	46.8	46.7	45.9	59.3	55.3
Unemployed	269	368	240	321	30	47
Unemployment rate	2.9	4.1	2.9	4.0	2.6	4.3
Not in labor force	9,582	9,506	8,847	8,704	735	802
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,231	4,267	3,540	3,551	691	716
Civilian labor force	3,425	3,394	2,941	2,864	485	530
Participation rate	81.0	79.5	83.1	80.6	70.1	74.0
Employed	3,319	3,254	2,854	2,756	465	497
Employment-population ratio	78.5	76.2	80.6	77.6	67.3	69.4
Unemployed	106	140	87	107	19	33
Unemployment rate	3.1	4.1	2.9	3.7	4.0	6.2
Not in labor force	806	873	599	687	207	186
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,123	3,249	2,596	2,711	527	538
Civilian labor force	2,437	2,437	2,072	2,087	365	350
Participation rate	78.0	75.0	79.8	77.0	69.3	65.0
Employed	2,391	2,359	2,031	2,021	360	338
Employment-population ratio	76.6	72.6	78.2	74.6	68.3	62.8
Unemployed	46	78	40	66	5	12
Unemployment rate	1.9	3.2	1.9	3.2	1.5	3.4
Not in labor force	686	812	525	624	162	188
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	7,332	6,941	7,080	6,699	252	242
Civilian labor force	1,443	1,327	1,370	1,303	72	24
Participation rate	19.7	19.1	19.4	19.5	28.7	9.8
Employed	1,403	1,273	1,330	1,249	72	24
Employment-population ratio	19.1	18.3	18.8	18.7	28.7	9.8
Unemployed	40	54	40	54	0	0
Unemployment rate	2.8	4.1	2.9	4.1	-	-
Not in labor force	5,889	5,614	5,710	5,396	180	218
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,247	4,121	3,839	3,717	408	404
Civilian labor force	2,046	1,914	1,825	1,719	221	195
Participation rate	48.2	46.4	47.5	46.3	54.2	48.2
Employed	1,968	1,817	1,752	1,626	216	192
Employment-population ratio	46.3	44.1	45.6	43.7	52.9	47.5
Unemployed	78	97	73	94	5	3
Unemployment rate	3.8	5.0	4.0	5.5	2.4	1.4
Not in labor force	2,201	2,207	2,014	1,998	187	209
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	230,736	232,458	103,460	104,614	127,276	127,844
Civilian labor force	151,634	151,507	77,174	77,080	74,459	74,427
Participation rate	65.7	65.2	74.6	73.7	58.5	58.2
Employed	145,758	144,827	73,845	73,417	71,913	71,410
Employment-population ratio	63.2	62.3	71.4	70.2	56.5	55.9
Unemployed	5,875	6,679	3,329	3,663	2,546	3,017
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.4	4.3	4.8	3.4	4.1
Not in labor force	79,102	80,951	26,286	27,534	52,816	53,417
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,575	30,563	227,962	229,195
Civilian labor force	6,570	6,418	156,253	156,119
Participation rate	21.5	21.0	68.5	68.1
Employed	6,049	5,888	150,392	149,279
Employment-population ratio	19.8	19.3	66.0	65.1
Unemployed	521	530	5,860	6,840
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.3	3.8	4.4
Not in labor force	24,005	24,145	71,709	73,076
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,921	2,713	77,724	77,342
Participation rate	38.0	36.5	82.8	82.4
Employed	2,623	2,442	74,535	73,756
Employment-population ratio	34.1	32.9	79.4	78.5
Unemployed	298	271	3,188	3,586
Unemployment rate	10.2	10.0	4.1	4.6
Not in labor force	4,774	4,715	16,136	16,569
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,427	2,542	69,297	69,285
Participation rate	30.5	33.3	71.7	71.6
Employed	2,250	2,330	66,925	66,379
Employment-population ratio	28.3	30.5	69.2	68.6
Unemployed	177	212	2,372	2,906
Unemployment rate	7.3	8.3	3.4	4.2
Not in labor force	5,523	5,086	27,405	27,437
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,222	1,163	9,232	9,492
Participation rate	8.2	7.5	24.7	24.6
Employed	1,175	1,116	8,932	9,144
Employment-population ratio	7.9	7.2	23.9	23.7
Unemployed	46	47	300	348
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.0	3.2	3.7
Not in labor force	13,709	14,344	28,168	29,069
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	43,562	42,323	21,216	20,474	22,346	21,849
Civilian labor force	28,893	27,819	16,564	15,965	12,329	11,854
Participation rate	66.3	65.7	78.1	78.0	55.2	54.3
Employed	27,775	26,478	15,981	15,301	11,794	11,178
Employment-population ratio	63.8	62.6	75.3	74.7	52.8	51.2
Unemployed	1,118	1,341	583	665	535	676
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.8	3.5	4.2	4.3	5.7
Not in labor force	14,669	14,504	4,652	4,509	10,017	9,995
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	214,975	217,435	103,821	105,165	111,154	112,270
Civilian labor force	133,930	134,718	69,722	69,949	64,207	64,769
Participation rate	62.3	62.0	67.2	66.5	57.8	57.7
Employed	128,666	128,689	66,625	66,493	62,041	62,195
Employment-population ratio	59.9	59.2	64.2	63.2	55.8	55.4
Unemployed	5,264	6,029	3,098	3,456	2,166	2,574
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.5	4.4	4.9	3.4	4.0
Not in labor force	81,045	82,717	34,099	35,216	46,947	47,501
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,243	2,334	2,263	2,336	2,356	2,533	2,404	2,467	2,399
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,558	1,706	1,580	1,671	1,661	1,849	1,741	1,831	1,715
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	667	612	661	647	692	684	647	645	660
Unpaid family workers	18	16	22	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	154,197	155,683	152,904	154,346	156,167	156,241	156,345	156,281	153,358
Wage and salary workers(1)	145,493	146,868	144,163	145,578	147,275	147,431	147,483	147,353	144,507
Government	21,077	21,438	21,484	20,706	21,342	21,323	21,475	21,039	21,143
Private industries	124,417	125,430	122,679	124,860	125,996	126,069	125,960	126,192	123,360
Private households	808	781	712	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	123,609	124,649	121,967	124,057	125,157	125,250	125,152	125,397	122,642
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,659	8,771	8,704	8,733	8,856	8,821	8,801	8,889	8,806
Unpaid family workers	45	45	37	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,621	4,600	5,879	4,517	4,288	4,148	4,182	4,318	5,765
Slack work or business conditions	2,949	3,037	4,159	2,887	2,634	2,657	2,655	2,776	4,043
Could only find part-time work	1,413	1,288	1,404	1,347	1,259	1,215	1,294	1,317	1,321
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,738	22,902	20,764	21,332	21,532	21,586	22,154	22,175	20,601
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,548	4,501	5,788	4,446	4,221	4,111	4,091	4,225	5,681
Slack work or business conditions	2,895	2,966	4,090	2,834	2,599	2,613	2,580	2,719	3,965
Could only find part-time work	1,410	1,282	1,392	1,343	1,254	1,209	1,308	1,313	1,312
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,434	22,473	20,392	21,025	21,163	21,180	21,787	21,770	20,236
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	156,441	158,017	155,167	156,741	158,536	158,803	158,714	158,759	155,772
16 to 19 years	4,887	5,012	4,811	5,115	5,278	5,213	5,273	5,378	5,054
16 to 17 years	1,601	1,776	1,636	1,757	1,978	1,874	1,949	1,972	1,800
18 to 19 years	3,285	3,236	3,175	3,354	3,315	3,339	3,311	3,401	3,269
20 years and over	151,554	153,005	150,356	151,627	153,258	153,590	153,441	153,381	150,719
20 to 24 years	13,925	14,069	13,248	14,093	14,112	14,142	14,214	14,278	13,428
25 years and over	137,629	138,936	137,107	137,642	139,176	139,426	139,215	139,188	137,392
25 to 54 years	100,750	101,152	100,141	100,770	101,517	101,653	101,487	101,426	100,313
25 to 34 years	35,686	36,038	35,429	35,682	36,190	36,230	36,129	36,123	35,501
35 to 44 years	32,785	33,273	33,050	32,872	33,293	33,406	33,412	33,402	33,168
45 to 54 years	32,279	31,841	31,662	32,216	32,033	32,017	31,945	31,901	31,644
55 years and over	36,879	37,784	36,966	36,872	37,660	37,773	37,728	37,762	37,079
Men, 16 years and over	82,606	83,047	81,794	83,047	84,018	84,034	83,940	83,871	82,357
16 to 19 years	2,311	2,455	2,346	2,477	2,640	2,644	2,596	2,669	2,525
16 to 17 years	793	776	724	886	929	876	860	891	817
18 to 19 years	1,518	1,679	1,622	1,596	1,717	1,766	1,733	1,784	1,715
20 years and over	80,295	80,592	79,448	80,570	81,377	81,390	81,345	81,202	79,832
20 to 24 years	7,015	7,126	6,688	7,141	7,157	7,152	7,307	7,272	6,818
25 years and over	73,280	73,466	72,760	73,522	74,224	74,217	74,057	73,982	73,159
25 to 54 years	53,825	53,415	53,170	53,947	54,101	54,005	53,840	53,770	53,374
25 to 34 years	19,294	19,038	18,957	19,298	19,413	19,364	19,145	19,175	19,002
35 to 44 years	17,635	17,734	17,687	17,723	17,890	17,881	17,884	17,874	17,790
45 to 54 years	16,897	16,643	16,527	16,926	16,797	16,761	16,810	16,720	16,582
55 years and over	19,455	20,052	19,590	19,575	20,124	20,212	20,217	20,213	19,785
Women, 16 years and over	73,835	74,970	73,373	73,694	74,518	74,769	74,774	74,888	73,415
16 to 19 years	2,576	2,557	2,465	2,638	2,637	2,568	2,677	2,709	2,529
16 to 17 years	808	1,000	912	871	1,049	999	1,089	1,081	983
18 to 19 years	1,767	1,557	1,553	1,758	1,598	1,573	1,578	1,616	1,554
20 years and over	71,259	72,413	70,908	71,056	71,881	72,200	72,097	72,179	70,886
20 to 24 years	6,910	6,944	6,561	6,952	6,955	6,990	6,907	7,006	6,610
25 years and over	64,349	65,469	64,347	64,120	64,952	65,208	65,158	65,206	64,232
25 to 54 years	46,925	47,737	46,971	46,823	47,416	47,648	47,647	47,657	46,939
25 to 34 years	16,392	17,001	16,472	16,385	16,777	16,866	16,984	16,949	16,499
35 to 44 years	15,151	15,539	15,363	15,149	15,403	15,525	15,528	15,528	15,378
45 to 54 years	15,382	15,198	15,135	15,290	15,236	15,256	15,135	15,180	15,062
55 years and over	17,424	17,733	17,376	17,297	17,536	17,561	17,510	17,549	17,293
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,865	45,855	45,901	45,865	46,059	46,177	46,257	46,067	45,920
Married women, spouse present(1)	36,841	36,811	36,700	36,391	36,581	36,631	36,869	36,597	36,353
Women who maintain families(2)	9,708	9,771	9,402	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	128,819	129,734	127,981	129,955	131,561	131,755	131,099	131,109	129,298
Part-time workers(4)	27,622	28,283	27,187	26,935	26,958	26,992	27,529	27,726	26,553
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,047	8,181	7,358	7,908	8,107	7,946	8,152	8,070	7,268
Percent of total employed	5.1	5.2	4.7	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.1	5.1	4.7
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,991	6,467	6,287	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,326	9,382	9,364	9,380	9,548	9,506	9,448	9,534	9,466
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,194	5,787	7,140	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	4.4
16 to 19 years	747	665	843	12.7	12.0	12.6	12.2	11.0	14.3
16 to 17 years	258	214	354	12.8	12.6	13.7	11.8	9.8	16.4
18 to 19 years	482	464	479	12.6	11.7	12.1	12.5	12.0	12.8
20 years and over	5,447	5,122	6,297	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	4.0
20 to 24 years	1,097	972	1,281	7.2	6.4	6.3	6.6	6.4	8.7
25 years and over	4,348	4,168	5,007	3.1	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.5
25 to 54 years	3,349	3,152	3,725	3.2	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.6
25 to 34 years	1,471	1,371	1,534	4.0	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.7	4.1
35 to 44 years	931	955	1,157	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.8	3.4
45 to 54 years	947	827	1,034	2.9	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.5	3.2
55 years and over	1,016	1,003	1,276	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.6	3.3
Men, 16 years and over	3,394	3,137	3,765	3.9	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.6	4.4
16 to 19 years	399	338	421	13.9	13.4	13.0	13.5	11.2	14.3
16 to 17 years	117	108	142	11.6	14.1	14.6	14.4	10.8	14.8
18 to 19 years	271	243	265	14.5	13.0	12.8	12.9	12.0	13.4
20 years and over	2,995	2,799	3,344	3.6	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.3	4.0
20 to 24 years	685	519	681	8.8	7.3	7.2	6.8	6.7	9.1
25 years and over	2,310	2,278	2,651	3.0	2.8	2.7	2.9	3.0	3.5
25 to 54 years	1,754	1,707	1,951	3.1	2.9	2.9	3.0	3.1	3.5
25 to 34 years	747	771	842	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.9	3.9	4.2
35 to 44 years	501	507	584	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.8	3.2
45 to 54 years	506	429	525	2.9	2.2	2.5	2.5	2.5	3.1
55 years and over	556	571	700	2.8	2.6	2.2	2.6	2.7	3.4
Women, 16 years and over	2,799	2,651	3,375	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	4.4
16 to 19 years	348	328	422	11.7	10.6	12.1	11.0	10.8	14.3
16 to 17 years	141	105	212	13.9	11.3	12.9	9.6	8.9	17.8
18 to 19 years	211	221	214	10.7	10.2	11.3	12.1	12.0	12.1
20 years and over	2,451	2,323	2,954	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.1	4.0
20 to 24 years	412	453	600	5.6	5.5	5.5	6.5	6.1	8.3
25 years and over	2,038	1,891	2,356	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	3.5
25 to 54 years	1,595	1,445	1,774	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.6
25 to 34 years	724	599	692	4.2	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.4	4.0
35 to 44 years	430	447	573	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.6
45 to 54 years	441	398	509	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.6	3.3
55 years and over	474	430	582	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.4	3.3
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	900	925	1,065	1.9	1.9	1.6	1.7	2.0	2.3
Married women, spouse present(1)	886	814	1,114	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.2	3.0
Women who maintain families(2)	479	423	526	4.7	4.8	4.2	5.4	4.1	5.3
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	4,998	4,710	5,477	3.7	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.5	4.1
Part-time workers(4)	1,227	1,065	1,712	4.4	3.8	3.9	4.1	3.7	6.1
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,098	3,151	4,441	2,826	2,804	2,686	2,665	2,723	3,946
On temporary layoff	1,029	1,069	2,223	866	768	807	742	801	1,848
Not on temporary layoff	2,069	2,082	2,219	1,959	2,036	1,880	1,923	1,922	2,099
Permanent job losers	1,470	1,358	1,559	1,376	1,422	1,295	1,289	1,279	1,456
Persons who completed temporary jobs	599	723	660	583	614	585	634	644	643
Job leavers	763	766	695	780	776	829	836	777	727
Reentrants	1,982	1,839	1,784	2,002	1,663	1,655	1,838	1,803	1,778
New entrants	539	462	449	605	581	551	557	505	509
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	48.5	50.7	60.3	45.5	48.1	46.9	45.2	46.9	56.7
On temporary layoff	16.1	17.2	30.2	13.9	13.2	14.1	12.6	13.8	26.5
Not on temporary layoff	32.4	33.5	30.1	31.5	35.0	32.9	32.6	33.1	30.2
Job leavers	12.0	12.3	9.4	12.6	13.3	14.5	14.2	13.4	10.5
Reentrants	31.1	29.6	24.2	32.2	28.6	28.9	31.2	31.0	25.5
New entrants	8.4	7.4	6.1	9.7	10.0	9.6	9.4	8.7	7.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	1.9	1.9	2.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	2.4
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
Reentrants	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.1
New entrants	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,868	1,939	3,118	2,116	2,026	2,065	2,059	2,013	3,542
5 to 14 weeks	2,017	2,161	2,008	1,812	1,753	1,730	1,755	1,803	1,794
15 weeks and over	2,496	2,117	2,244	2,242	2,083	1,998	2,053	1,927	1,971
15 to 26 weeks	1,111	932	999	936	865	812	887	825	808
27 weeks and over	1,385	1,185	1,245	1,305	1,219	1,186	1,166	1,102	1,164
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	22.9	20.4	17.5	22.2	20.2	20.8	21.9	20.9	17.1
Median duration, in weeks	10.8	9.3	7.3	9.5	9.2	9.0	9.3	9.1	7.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	29.3	31.2	42.3	34.3	34.6	35.6	35.1	35.1	48.5
5 to 14 weeks	31.6	34.8	27.2	29.4	29.9	29.9	29.9	31.4	24.5
15 weeks and over	39.1	34.1	30.4	36.3	35.5	34.5	35.0	33.6	27.0
15 to 26 weeks	17.4	15.0	13.6	15.2	14.7	14.0	15.1	14.4	11.1
27 weeks and over	21.7	19.1	16.9	21.2	20.8	20.5	19.9	19.2	15.9
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	156,441	155,167	6,382	7,370	3.9	4.5
Management, professional, and related occupations	64,299	65,995	1,289	1,654	2.0	2.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	26,898	28,050	552	635	2.0	2.2
Professional and related occupations	37,401	37,945	736	1,020	1.9	2.6
Service occupations	26,351	25,308	1,442	1,700	5.2	6.3
Sales and office occupations	33,050	30,781	1,379	1,258	4.0	3.9
Sales and related occupations	15,365	14,560	739	652	4.6	4.3
Office and administrative support occupations	17,685	16,221	640	606	3.5	3.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,060	13,918	827	990	5.6	6.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,130	1,103	207	131	15.5	10.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,367	8,029	503	727	5.7	8.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,562	4,786	118	132	2.5	2.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,681	19,166	889	1,305	4.5	6.4
Production occupations	8,635	7,962	375	454	4.2	5.4
Transportation and material moving occupations	10,046	11,203	514	851	4.9	7.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,382	7,370	3.9	4.5
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,869	5,968	3.8	4.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	26	52	3.6	6.2
Construction	490	658	5.2	6.9
Manufacturing	475	636	2.9	4.1
Durable goods	254	336	2.5	3.5
Nondurable goods	221	300	3.6	5.3
Wholesale and retail trade	917	962	4.7	5.0
Transportation and utilities	262	380	3.6	5.1
Information	105	47	4.0	1.8
Financial activities	280	230	2.8	2.2
Professional and business services	678	838	3.9	4.7
Education and health services	583	771	2.3	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	827	1,131	5.8	8.1
Other services	224	262	3.4	3.9
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	195	139	11.5	8.3
Government workers	405	486	1.9	2.2
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	375	327	3.8	3.4
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2019	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Nov. 2019	Dec. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.9	1.9	2.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	2.4
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.9	3.8	4.5	3.8	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.5	4.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.2	4.0	4.8	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.8	3.8	4.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	4.7	4.7	5.3	4.6	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.4	5.2
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.5	7.4	8.9	7.4	6.8	6.7	6.9	7.0	8.7
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2019	Mar. 2020
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	95,714	97,221	38,750	39,725	56,964	57,496
Persons who currently want a job	4,887	5,215	2,267	2,559	2,620	2,656
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,357	1,380	680	744	677	636
Discouraged workers(2)	412	514	237	302	176	212
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	944	866	443	442	501	424
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,047	7,358	3,863	3,566	4,184	3,792
Percent of total employed	5.1	4.7	4.7	4.4	5.7	5.2
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,473	4,227	2,309	2,225	2,164	2,002
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,197	1,904	826	640	1,371	1,264
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	282	237	185	129	96	109
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,027	932	522	550	505	382
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Change from: Feb.2020 - Mar.2020(p)
Total nonfarm	149,359	150,153	151,055	150,804	150,282	152,212	152,487	151,786	-701
Total private	126,473	127,556	128,032	127,703	127,754	129,498	129,740	129,027	-713
Goods-producing	20,675	20,707	20,767	20,811	21,011	21,149	21,206	21,152	-54
Mining and logging	731	701	700	697	741	712	715	708	-7
Logging	47.7	53.1	53.6	52.1	49.1	53.8	54.3	53.7	-0.6
Mining	683.6	647.4	646.6	644.6	692.1	658.4	660.4	654.1	-6.3
Oil and gas extraction	142.9	154.5	155.0	155.1	143.9	155.8	156.6	156.5	-0.1
Mining, except oil and gas	189.1	184.4	182.8	183.9	193.4	189.9	188.9	188.1	-0.8
Coal mining	51.9	51.1	50.0	49.4	52.2	51.1	50.4	49.8	-0.6
Metal ore mining	42.1	40.5	40.5	40.6	42.3	41.0	40.8	40.8	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	95.1	92.8	92.3	93.9	98.9	97.9	97.7	97.6	-0.1
Support activities for mining	351.6	308.5	308.8	305.6	354.8	312.7	314.9	309.5	-5.4
Construction	7,170	7,240	7,271	7,331	7,443	7,593	7,634	7,605	-29
Construction of buildings	1,615.7	1,631.7	1,635.4	1,639.9	1,654.7	1,676.0	1,688.6	1,680.1	-8.5
Residential building	795.5	807.0	813.2	823.0	817.0	831.8	841.8	844.0	2.2
Nonresidential building	820.2	824.7	822.2	816.9	837.7	844.2	846.8	836.1	-10.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction	996.6	990.1	991.6	1,009.6	1,070.6	1,094.1	1,094.6	1,084.4	-10.2
Specialty trade contractors	4,557.5	4,618.2	4,643.6	4,681.0	4,717.2	4,823.1	4,850.7	4,840.5	-10.2
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,004.5	2,021.6	2,035.6	2,050.3	2,074.6	2,111.5	2,125.6	2,119.1	-6.5
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,553.0	2,596.6	2,608.0	2,630.7	2,642.6	2,711.6	2,725.1	2,721.4	-3.7
Manufacturing	12,774	12,766	12,796	12,783	12,827	12,844	12,857	12,839	-18
Durable goods	8,039	8,019	8,038	8,040	8,056	8,052	8,063	8,056	-7
Wood products	403.9	407.1	407.5	408.2	407.4	411.3	411.2	411.9	0.7
Nonmetallic mineral products	411.7	410.8	413.5	416.9	418.9	422.9	425.6	424.4	-1.2
Primary metals	390.1	373.7	373.6	372.4	389.7	373.3	372.7	371.7	-1.0
Fabricated metal products	1,490.2	1,477.1	1,479.2	1,477.5	1,492.9	1,483.8	1,484.8	1,480.4	-4.4
Machinery	1,130.6	1,114.0	1,109.6	1,107.4	1,131.9	1,114.3	1,110.0	1,108.5	-1.5
Computer and electronic products	1,069.1	1,093.9	1,095.9	1,099.4	1,071.4	1,097.1	1,099.5	1,101.3	1.8
Computer and peripheral equipment	160.4	169.1	169.0	169.8	160.6	169.1	169.5	170.2	0.7
Communications equipment	83.5	84.4	84.3	84.6	83.5	84.5	84.6	84.5	-0.1
Semiconductors and electronic components	374.7	376.6	377.7	379.2	375.2	378.6	378.8	379.4	0.6
Electronic instruments	418.3	431.8	432.0	432.7	419.4	432.3	433.3	433.8	0.5
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	32.2	32.0	32.9	33.1	32.7	32.6	33.3	33.4	0.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	403.3	405.5	404.6	403.1	404.6	405.6	405.0	404.9	-0.1
Transportation equipment(1)	1,738.7	1,732.7	1,748.1	1,748.1	1,734.4	1,735.3	1,744.8	1,743.4	-1.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,011.7	989.2	1,004.1	1,003.6	1,005.8	990.4	998.9	996.7	-2.2
Furniture and related products	387.8	386.4	385.4	385.5	388.7	387.3	386.3	385.9	-0.4
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	613.2	617.3	620.3	621.0	615.7	621.3	623.0	623.3	0.3
Nondurable goods	4,735	4,747	4,758	4,743	4,771	4,792	4,794	4,783	-11
Food manufacturing	1,614.6	1,632.2	1,635.2	1,629.7	1,636.2	1,654.9	1,654.9	1,653.4	-1.5
Textile mills	109.6	106.5	107.0	106.0	109.7	106.9	106.6	106.1	-0.5
Textile product mills	113.3	112.3	110.4	108.3	114.1	112.7	111.3	109.4	-1.9
Apparel	111.5	103.8	104.8	105.0	111.6	104.8	105.1	105.2	0.1
Paper and paper products	365.7	363.1	362.4	362.8	366.1	364.5	363.6	363.4	-0.2
Printing and related support activities	425.1	416.5	415.1	412.0	426.5	418.3	417.2	413.7	-3.5
Petroleum and coal products	111.8	110.0	110.2	110.0	115.2	114.3	114.3	113.6	-0.7
Chemicals	847.5	846.6	850.1	846.4	847.6	849.8	850.4	847.4	-3.0
Plastics and rubber products	733.4	743.9	746.7	748.6	733.9	745.4	747.4	749.0	1.6
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	302.0	311.9	316.2	313.8	309.7	320.3	323.5	321.4	-2.1
Private service-providing	105,798	106,849	107,265	106,892	106,743	108,349	108,534	107,875	-659
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,358	27,734	27,479	27,460	27,665	27,832	27,830	27,781	-49
Wholesale trade	5,857.1	5,904.8	5,903.1	5,912.1	5,880.3	5,937.5	5,935.6	5,936.5	0.9
Durable goods	3,180.4	3,208.9	3,209.0	3,210.8	3,188.5	3,220.0	3,219.2	3,220.1	0.9
Nondurable goods	2,149.7	2,164.9	2,163.6	2,168.7	2,164.4	2,184.3	2,183.3	2,183.5	0.2
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	527.0	531.0	530.5	532.6	527.4	533.2	533.1	532.9	-0.2
Retail trade	15,425.8	15,573.4	15,425.1	15,403.6	15,642.9	15,669.0	15,670.2	15,624.0	-46.2
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,013.0	2,047.5	2,050.6	2,049.9	2,022.6	2,064.3	2,064.4	2,059.7	-4.7
Automobile dealers	1,295.2	1,305.2	1,308.1	1,304.2	1,298.5	1,310.1	1,310.9	1,307.3	-3.6
Other motor vehicle dealers	157.6	156.3	158.7	160.5	161.6	165.3	165.7	165.1	-0.6
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	560.2	586.0	583.8	585.2	562.5	588.9	587.8	587.3	-0.5
Furniture and home furnishings stores	471.4	472.1	467.1	457.0	474.5	469.3	469.9	459.5	-10.4
Electronics and appliance stores	476.5	477.7	472.3	468.9	478.7	472.6	474.8	472.1	-2.7
Building material and garden supply stores	1,296.8	1,247.7	1,267.8	1,306.8	1,290.2	1,308.4	1,305.6	1,301.7	-3.9
Food and beverage stores	3,042.1	3,077.7	3,067.9	3,062.6	3,070.8	3,091.4	3,091.0	3,092.1	1.1
Health and personal care stores	1,041.6	1,059.1	1,053.4	1,045.6	1,047.4	1,051.3	1,058.2	1,052.3	-5.9
Gasoline stations	927.2	944.1	935.6	937.0	937.1	951.5	949.2	948.5	-0.7
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,280.8	1,298.0	1,261.3	1,232.1	1,322.6	1,290.3	1,288.5	1,272.2	-16.3
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	538.3	551.4	534.9	520.8	554.9	549.0	547.6	538.4	-9.2
General merchandise stores	2,958.6	3,049.6	2,969.7	2,982.7	3,036.2	3,046.6	3,048.2	3,058.5	10.3
Department stores	1,042.7	1,092.4	1,044.2	1,040.5	1,083.8	1,076.1	1,078.5	1,080.9	2.4
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	1,915.9	1,957.2	1,925.5	1,942.2	1,952.3	1,970.5	1,969.7	1,977.6	7.9
Miscellaneous store retailers	817.5	803.7	802.2	797.0	839.8	822.3	821.7	819.3	-2.4
Nonstore retailers	562.0	544.8	542.3	543.2	568.1	552.0	551.1	549.7	-1.4
Transportation and warehousing	5,525.3	5,710.7	5,606.6	5,597.5	5,591.6	5,678.5	5,677.3	5,672.4	-4.9
Air transportation	499.2	505.5	507.9	511.4	500.7	509.2	511.1	512.7	1.6
Rail transportation	180.5	159.7	158.9	156.9	181.2	160.7	159.6	157.5	-2.1
Water transportation	63.5	63.1	62.8	62.6	65.5	65.0	65.0	64.9	-0.1
Truck transportation	1,507.4	1,501.6	1,503.5	1,505.3	1,529.7	1,526.9	1,528.1	1,527.9	-0.2
Transit and ground passenger transportation	511.8	517.5	520.9	517.9	498.2	507.5	508.6	504.6	-4.0
Pipeline transportation	50.7	51.2	50.4	50.8	50.8	51.1	50.5	51.0	0.5
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	28.0	27.3	28.3	28.2	35.5	36.2	37.1	35.7	-1.4
Support activities for transportation	749.7	761.4	760.8	754.5	751.9	762.1	762.8	757.0	-5.8
Couriers and messengers	764.5	928.7	815.2	805.3	795.4	859.4	847.7	846.1	-1.6
Warehousing and storage	1,170.0	1,194.7	1,197.9	1,204.6	1,182.7	1,200.4	1,206.8	1,215.0	8.2
Utilities	549.4	545.2	544.3	547.0	550.6	546.9	547.1	547.9	0.8
Information	2,838	2,857	2,881	2,885	2,851	2,894	2,897	2,899	2
Publishing industries, except Internet	750.1	763.7	768.1	767.5	753.5	766.3	770.3	770.9	0.6
Motion picture and sound recording industries	433.1	424.7	445.7	445.9	440.9	456.8	457.5	455.0	-2.5
Broadcasting, except Internet	268.2	261.1	263.2	264.5	267.2	262.3	263.1	263.7	0.6
Telecommunications	725.2	705.7	700.9	699.9	724.2	706.6	701.3	699.6	-1.7
Data processing, hosting and related services	336.3	348.6	349.3	352.1	337.0	350.5	350.4	352.3	1.9
Other information services	325.5	352.7	353.9	354.7	327.7	351.9	354.6	357.3	2.7
Financial activities	8,658	8,762	8,804	8,803	8,707	8,823	8,854	8,853	-1
Finance and insurance	6,386.2	6,454.9	6,482.5	6,481.0	6,403.7	6,475.5	6,495.0	6,497.5	2.5
Monetary authorities - central bank	19.8	19.5	19.1	19.6	19.9	19.6	19.3	19.6	0.3
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,635.1	2,670.5	2,675.8	2,675.2	2,643.7	2,674.2	2,681.8	2,682.7	0.9
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,771.7	1,782.8	1,786.5	1,783.1	1,774.0	1,783.9	1,788.1	1,785.2	-2.9
Commercial banking	1,391.6	1,391.4	1,394.8	1,391.0	1,393.0	1,391.9	1,394.4	1,391.7	-2.7
Nondepository credit intermediation	563.9	581.6	582.8	585.2	569.4	584.5	587.4	590.1	2.7
Activities related to credit intermediation	299.5	306.1	306.5	306.9	300.3	305.7	306.3	307.4	1.1
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	954.2	960.7	965.8	965.3	959.0	967.7	969.9	970.6	0.7
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,777.1	2,804.2	2,821.8	2,820.9	2,781.1	2,814.0	2,824.0	2,824.6	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,271.7	2,306.9	2,321.6	2,321.7	2,303.0	2,347.4	2,358.6	2,355.2	-3.4
Real estate	1,682.8	1,721.6	1,731.4	1,731.5	1,699.6	1,743.4	1,749.9	1,750.4	0.5
Rental and leasing services	566.1	562.3	566.9	567.0	580.2	580.3	585.0	581.2	-3.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	22.8	23.0	23.3	23.2	23.2	23.7	23.7	23.6	-0.1
Professional and business services	20,908	21,139	21,250	21,229	21,176	21,523	21,559	21,507	-52
Professional and technical services	9,479.6	9,658.7	9,755.7	9,730.0	9,457.0	9,678.8	9,705.6	9,712.1	6.5
Legal services	1,141.7	1,152.3	1,155.6	1,155.3	1,146.7	1,160.6	1,162.2	1,160.5	-1.7
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,114.5	1,083.1	1,144.9	1,141.7	1,015.4	1,034.6	1,037.5	1,041.6	4.1
Architectural and engineering services	1,485.9	1,513.1	1,521.0	1,519.3	1,503.8	1,528.9	1,538.3	1,537.5	-0.8
Specialized design services	142.3	143.6	143.6	142.4	143.5	145.8	144.9	143.7	-1.2
Computer systems design and related services	2,150.0	2,243.3	2,248.2	2,230.7	2,173.3	2,246.6	2,253.0	2,256.8	3.8
Management and technical consulting services	1,498.4	1,542.4	1,549.8	1,545.0	1,515.5	1,559.8	1,561.3	1,563.3	2.0
Scientific research and development services	714.5	738.0	743.0	745.6	718.3	744.7	748.7	749.7	1.0
Advertising and related services	490.3	490.0	491.9	488.1	492.3	493.9	493.3	490.7	-2.6
Other professional and technical services	742.0	752.9	757.7	761.9	748.3	763.9	766.4	768.2	1.8
Management of companies and enterprises	2,402.8	2,442.4	2,439.4	2,443.7	2,413.6	2,451.0	2,452.9	2,455.6	2.7
Administrative and waste services	9,026.0	9,037.7	9,054.9	9,055.3	9,305.4	9,393.0	9,400.6	9,339.5	-61.1
Administrative and support services	8,584.5	8,579.8	8,595.5	8,595.2	8,857.2	8,927.6	8,933.6	8,872.6	-61.0
Office administrative services	518.3	526.6	527.1	530.9	521.5	530.9	532.2	533.8	1.6
Facilities support services	162.9	164.0	163.2	165.4	163.2	166.1	164.5	165.9	1.4
Employment services(1)	3,508.2	3,507.7	3,504.2	3,482.9	3,630.3	3,653.2	3,653.8	3,604.8	-49.0
Temporary help services	2,845.7	2,821.0	2,807.9	2,785.2	2,951.2	2,946.1	2,942.2	2,892.7	-49.5
Business support services	875.8	874.0	869.7	862.9	879.6	870.6	869.4	867.3	-2.1
Travel arrangement and reservation services	217.0	218.0	218.6	214.8	218.4	223.1	222.5	216.0	-6.5
Investigation and security services	947.8	953.5	965.0	964.1	954.4	966.5	971.3	970.4	-0.9
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,022.4	2,000.5	2,006.8	2,037.1	2,156.4	2,176.6	2,177.5	2,175.1	-2.4
Other support services	332.1	335.5	340.9	337.1	333.4	340.5	342.4	339.3	-3.1
Waste management and remediation services	441.5	457.9	459.4	460.1	448.2	465.4	467.0	466.9	-0.1
Education and health services	24,113	24,403	24,716	24,645	23,981	24,534	24,599	24,523	-76
Educational services	3,879.0	3,758.9	3,997.8	3,970.6	3,725.0	3,839.2	3,837.8	3,822.6	-15.2
Health care and social assistance	20,234.0	20,644.1	20,718.5	20,674.8	20,256.1	20,695.2	20,761.3	20,700.1	-61.2
Health care(3)	16,142.6	16,428.8	16,465.7	16,431.5	16,175.5	16,471.0	16,509.0	16,466.5	-42.5
Ambulatory health care services	7,617.4	7,802.5	7,833.1	7,799.8	7,633.6	7,830.3	7,856.5	7,815.8	-40.7
Offices of physicians	2,645.8	2,706.9	2,717.2	2,706.0	2,651.6	2,713.8	2,723.2	2,711.2	-12.0
Offices of dentists	965.9	972.0	973.2	958.2	967.8	975.3	977.2	960.0	-17.2
Offices of other health practitioners	954.7	980.9	985.8	977.5	958.7	985.0	988.3	981.7	-6.6
Outpatient care centers	958.0	979.8	979.5	988.4	956.2	980.7	981.2	986.4	5.2
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	278.9	289.2	288.5	287.4	279.0	290.3	288.9	287.8	-1.1
Home health care services	1,503.4	1,553.3	1,565.8	1,561.0	1,508.6	1,562.2	1,572.4	1,566.5	-5.9
Other ambulatory health care services	310.7	320.4	323.1	321.3	311.7	323.1	325.3	322.2	-3.1
Hospitals	5,168.1	5,248.3	5,256.1	5,258.1	5,170.6	5,251.4	5,261.3	5,261.5	0.2
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,357.1	3,378.0	3,376.5	3,373.6	3,371.3	3,389.3	3,391.2	3,389.2	-2.0
Nursing care facilities	1,594.2	1,587.1	1,585.7	1,582.2	1,601.8	1,592.1	1,592.1	1,590.3	-1.8
Residential mental health facilities	644.7	649.9	650.4	652.6	646.4	652.3	653.0	654.3	1.3
Community care facilities for the elderly	953.8	974.2	973.6	971.2	957.8	976.6	977.9	976.4	-1.5
Other residential care facilities	164.4	166.8	166.8	167.6	165.2	168.3	168.2	168.2	0.0
Social assistance	4,091.4	4,215.3	4,252.8	4,243.3	4,080.6	4,224.2	4,252.3	4,233.6	-18.7
Individual and family services	2,564.3	2,672.4	2,695.0	2,699.3	2,566.6	2,678.9	2,699.4	2,702.1	2.7
Emergency and other relief services	182.8	184.8	185.3	186.1	182.5	185.4	186.0	186.0	0.0
Vocational rehabilitation services	323.1	318.9	323.4	321.0	325.5	323.1	326.2	323.4	-2.8
Child day care services	1,021.2	1,039.2	1,049.1	1,036.9	1,006.1	1,036.8	1,040.7	1,022.1	-18.6
Leisure and hospitality	16,090	16,092	16,245	15,988	16,494	16,808	16,852	16,393	-459
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,263.8	2,236.8	2,259.3	2,285.7	2,427.3	2,480.7	2,475.5	2,462.3	-13.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	493.7	456.2	473.2	483.7	517.7	516.8	513.9	509.5	-4.4
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	161.6	162.2	160.3	163.8	171.6	176.0	175.5	174.3	-1.2
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,608.5	1,618.4	1,625.8	1,638.2	1,738.0	1,787.9	1,786.1	1,778.5	-7.6
Accommodation and food services	13,825.7	13,854.8	13,985.8	13,702.1	14,066.7	14,327.7	14,376.6	13,930.3	-446.3
Accommodation	1,999.1	1,995.5	2,005.0	1,996.3	2,067.6	2,095.4	2,093.7	2,064.8	-28.9
Food services and drinking places	11,826.6	11,859.3	11,980.8	11,705.8	11,999.1	12,232.3	12,282.9	11,865.5	-417.4
Other services	5,833	5,862	5,890	5,882	5,869	5,935	5,943	5,919	-24
Repair and maintenance	1,338.8	1,355.8	1,373.8	1,368.0	1,340.4	1,371.0	1,378.8	1,370.1	-8.7
Personal and laundry services	1,508.2	1,515.8	1,516.2	1,510.2	1,522.3	1,536.0	1,537.5	1,524.4	-13.1
Membership associations and organizations	2,986.3	2,990.4	2,999.7	3,003.7	3,006.2	3,027.6	3,026.4	3,024.1	-2.3
Government	22,886	22,597	23,023	23,101	22,528	22,714	22,747	22,759	12
Federal	2,794.0	2,842.0	2,841.0	2,857.0	2,815.0	2,855.0	2,863.0	2,881.0	18.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,188.9	2,240.8	2,245.8	2,262.2	2,207.1	2,252.3	2,261.9	2,281.4	19.5
U.S. Postal Service	605.4	601.6	595.1	595.0	607.4	602.9	601.3	599.5	-1.8
State government	5,334.0	5,105.0	5,329.0	5,339.0	5,175.0	5,190.0	5,198.0	5,184.0	-14.0
State government education	2,654.2	2,411.1	2,630.9	2,641.6	2,488.3	2,483.2	2,488.8	2,480.2	-8.6
State government, excluding education	2,679.7	2,693.7	2,698.4	2,696.9	2,686.5	2,706.9	2,709.6	2,704.1	-5.5
Local government	14,758.0	14,650.0	14,853.0	14,905.0	14,538.0	14,669.0	14,686.0	14,694.0	8.0
Local government education	8,310.0	8,162.0	8,341.6	8,365.6	7,982.4	8,044.5	8,048.4	8,048.1	-0.3
Local government, excluding education	6,447.7	6,488.0	6,510.9	6,539.5	6,555.4	6,624.5	6,637.9	6,645.5	7.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.3	34.4	34.2
Goods-producing	40.4	40.2	40.4	40.1
Mining and logging	46.6	45.7	45.7	45.5
Construction	39.4	39.2	39.4	39.1
Manufacturing	40.7	40.4	40.7	40.4
Durable goods	41.0	40.9	41.1	40.7
Nondurable goods	40.1	39.6	39.9	39.8
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.3	33.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	34.0	34.3	34.3
Wholesale trade	39.0	38.8	38.8	38.7
Retail trade	30.7	30.3	30.8	30.9
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	38.3	38.4	38.4
Utilities	42.2	42.5	42.6	42.5
Information	36.3	36.3	36.3	36.4
Financial activities	37.7	37.7	37.6	37.6
Professional and business services	36.3	36.1	36.2	36.1
Education and health services	33.0	33.0	33.1	32.9
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	25.9	25.8	24.4
Other services	32.0	32.0	31.9	31.5
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.0
Durable goods	3.4	3.1	3.2	2.9
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.2	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)
Total private	$27.76	$28.43	$28.51	$28.62	$957.72	$975.15	$980.74	$978.80
Goods-producing	28.73	29.48	29.57	29.63	1,160.69	1,185.10	1,194.63	1,188.16
Mining and logging	32.96	34.47	34.70	34.76	1,535.94	1,575.28	1,585.79	1,581.58
Construction	30.50	31.19	31.30	31.31	1,201.70	1,222.65	1,233.22	1,224.22
Manufacturing	27.46	28.19	28.25	28.35	1,117.62	1,138.88	1,149.78	1,145.34
Durable goods	28.90	29.61	29.65	29.70	1,184.90	1,211.05	1,218.62	1,208.79
Nondurable goods	24.96	25.73	25.82	26.02	1,000.90	1,018.91	1,030.22	1,035.60
Private service-providing	27.53	28.18	28.27	28.39	916.75	935.58	941.39	936.87
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24.02	24.61	24.67	24.69	823.89	836.74	846.18	846.87
Wholesale trade	31.26	31.72	31.82	31.82	1,219.14	1,230.74	1,234.62	1,231.43
Retail trade	19.44	20.11	20.18	20.26	596.81	609.33	621.54	626.03
Transportation and warehousing	24.61	25.00	25.14	25.11	952.41	957.50	965.38	964.22
Utilities	41.83	42.32	42.45	42.45	1,765.23	1,798.60	1,808.37	1,804.13
Information	41.96	42.80	42.95	43.06	1,523.15	1,553.64	1,559.09	1,567.38
Financial activities	35.54	36.59	36.83	36.71	1,339.86	1,379.44	1,384.81	1,380.30
Professional and business services	33.33	34.29	34.42	34.46	1,209.88	1,237.87	1,246.00	1,244.01
Education and health services	27.52	27.86	27.90	27.90	908.16	919.38	923.49	917.91
Leisure and hospitality	16.40	16.80	16.84	16.83	428.04	435.12	434.47	410.65
Other services	25.05	25.57	25.63	25.69	801.60	818.24	817.60	809.24
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2020 - Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2020 - Mar. 2020(p)
Total private	110.6	111.5	112.0	110.8	-1.1	146.8	151.6	152.7	151.6	-0.7
Goods-producing	96.7	96.9	97.6	96.6	-1.0	125.6	129.1	130.4	129.4	-0.8
Mining and logging	108.5	102.2	102.7	101.2	-1.5	143.6	141.5	143.0	141.3	-1.2
Construction	101.1	102.6	103.7	102.5	-1.2	134.0	139.0	141.0	139.4	-1.1
Manufacturing	93.9	93.4	94.1	93.3	-0.9	119.9	122.4	123.7	123.0	-0.6
Durable goods	93.0	92.7	93.3	92.3	-1.1	119.4	121.9	122.9	121.8	-0.9
Nondurable goods	95.5	94.7	95.5	95.0	-0.5	120.9	123.7	125.1	125.5	0.3
Private service-providing	114.4	115.8	116.4	114.6	-1.5	153.1	158.6	159.9	158.2	-1.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	103.5	103.3	104.2	104.0	-0.2	134.1	137.0	138.6	138.4	-0.1
Wholesale trade	101.2	101.6	101.6	101.3	-0.3	132.3	134.8	135.2	134.9	-0.2
Retail trade	97.5	96.4	98.0	98.0	0.0	125.3	128.1	130.7	131.3	0.5
Transportation and warehousing	124.3	125.0	125.3	125.2	-0.1	155.7	158.9	160.2	159.9	-0.2
Utilities	100.5	100.6	100.8	100.7	-0.1	138.9	140.6	141.4	141.3	-0.1
Information	94.5	95.9	96.0	96.4	0.4	141.2	146.2	146.9	147.8	0.6
Financial activities	107.6	109.0	109.1	109.1	0.0	149.1	155.5	156.7	156.2	-0.3
Professional and business services	120.5	121.8	122.4	121.7	-0.6	162.7	169.1	170.5	169.9	-0.4
Education and health services	129.2	132.2	133.0	131.7	-1.0	171.1	177.2	178.5	176.8	-1.0
Leisure and hospitality	122.8	124.2	124.1	114.1	-8.1	162.5	168.4	168.5	155.0	-8.0
Other services	108.3	109.5	109.3	107.5	-1.6	148.7	153.5	153.5	151.4	-1.4
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)
Total nonfarm	74,871	76,151	76,304	75,892	49.8	50.0	50.0	50.0
Total private	61,871	63,018	63,152	62,727	48.4	48.7	48.7	48.6
Goods-producing	4,682	4,766	4,773	4,767	22.3	22.5	22.5	22.5
Mining and logging	94	96	95	96	12.7	13.5	13.3	13.6
Construction	962	989	994	993	12.9	13.0	13.0	13.1
Manufacturing	3,626	3,681	3,684	3,678	28.3	28.7	28.7	28.6
Durable goods	1,925	1,958	1,960	1,962	23.9	24.3	24.3	24.4
Nondurable goods	1,701	1,723	1,724	1,716	35.7	36.0	36.0	35.9
Private service-providing	57,189	58,252	58,379	57,960	53.6	53.8	53.8	53.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,070	11,138	11,151	11,112	40.0	40.0	40.1	40.0
Wholesale trade	1,763.8	1,789.9	1,789.0	1,793.1	30.0	30.1	30.1	30.2
Retail trade	7,767.3	7,746.9	7,760.6	7,725.2	49.7	49.4	49.5	49.4
Transportation and warehousing	1,406.7	1,468.7	1,468.1	1,460.9	25.2	25.9	25.9	25.8
Utilities	132.0	132.8	133.1	133.2	24.0	24.3	24.3	24.3
Information	1,130	1,148	1,150	1,149	39.6	39.7	39.7	39.6
Financial activities	4,941	4,990	5,001	4,999	56.7	56.6	56.5	56.5
Professional and business services	9,631	9,877	9,900	9,871	45.5	45.9	45.9	45.9
Education and health services	18,528	18,980	19,033	18,947	77.3	77.4	77.4	77.3
Leisure and hospitality	8,754	8,959	8,986	8,725	53.1	53.3	53.3	53.2
Other services	3,135	3,160	3,158	3,157	53.4	53.2	53.1	53.3
Government	13,000	13,133	13,152	13,165	57.7	57.8	57.8	57.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)
Total private	105,217	106,495	106,694	105,796
Goods-producing	15,083	15,117	15,166	15,112
Mining and logging	553	512	513	504
Construction	5,538	5,653	5,686	5,665
Manufacturing	8,992	8,952	8,967	8,943
Durable goods	5,556	5,521	5,533	5,515
Nondurable goods	3,436	3,431	3,434	3,428
Private service-providing	90,134	91,378	91,528	90,684
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,417	23,509	23,531	23,467
Wholesale trade	4,731.2	4,751.5	4,754.3	4,751.8
Retail trade	13,366.0	13,355.3	13,379.2	13,328.6
Transportation and warehousing	4,879.8	4,963.5	4,959.3	4,948.6
Utilities	439.6	438.5	437.9	437.9
Information	2,292	2,323	2,328	2,327
Financial activities	6,744	6,830	6,850	6,799
Professional and business services	17,264	17,470	17,504	17,395
Education and health services	21,063	21,565	21,613	21,478
Leisure and hospitality	14,495	14,776	14,795	14,357
Other services	4,859	4,905	4,907	4,861
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.6	33.7	33.4
Goods-producing	41.3	41.0	41.0	40.9
Mining and logging	47.2	46.0	45.6	45.6
Construction	39.9	40.0	39.6	39.7
Manufacturing	41.7	41.3	41.7	41.4
Durable goods	42.1	41.6	42.0	41.6
Nondurable goods	41.2	40.9	41.2	41.0
Private service-providing	32.5	32.4	32.5	32.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	33.9	34.0	34.0
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.6	38.6	38.4
Retail trade	30.4	30.4	30.5	30.6
Transportation and warehousing	38.0	38.0	38.3	38.1
Utilities	42.5	42.9	43.1	43.3
Information	35.5	35.1	35.2	35.3
Financial activities	37.0	37.0	36.9	36.8
Professional and business services	35.4	35.5	35.5	35.5
Education and health services	32.2	32.2	32.3	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.7	24.7	22.9
Other services	30.9	31.1	31.0	30.5
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.4	4.0	4.0	3.9
Durable goods	4.4	4.0	4.1	3.9
Nondurable goods	4.3	3.9	3.9	3.9
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)
Total private	$23.28	$23.88	$23.97	$24.07	$784.54	$802.37	$807.79	$803.94
Goods-producing	24.53	25.09	25.18	25.26	1,013.09	1,028.69	1,032.38	1,033.13
Mining and logging	29.36	30.35	30.98	30.95	1,385.79	1,396.10	1,412.69	1,411.32
Construction	28.33	28.92	28.98	29.07	1,130.37	1,156.80	1,147.61	1,154.08
Manufacturing	21.96	22.42	22.53	22.58	915.73	925.95	939.50	934.81
Durable goods	22.90	23.37	23.53	23.57	964.09	972.19	988.26	980.51
Nondurable goods	20.40	20.87	20.88	20.98	840.48	853.58	860.26	860.18
Private service-providing	23.02	23.63	23.71	23.81	748.15	765.61	770.58	766.68
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.49	20.87	20.96	20.96	694.61	707.49	712.64	712.64
Wholesale trade	26.04	26.24	26.29	26.37	1,010.35	1,012.86	1,014.79	1,012.61
Retail trade	16.41	16.88	16.94	17.02	498.86	513.15	516.67	520.81
Transportation and warehousing	22.31	22.58	22.76	22.55	847.78	858.04	871.71	859.16
Utilities	36.69	37.68	37.80	37.91	1,559.33	1,616.47	1,629.18	1,641.50
Information	33.36	34.40	34.52	34.54	1,184.28	1,207.44	1,215.10	1,219.26
Financial activities	27.37	28.16	28.23	28.23	1,012.69	1,041.92	1,041.69	1,038.86
Professional and business services	27.44	28.33	28.42	28.48	971.38	1,005.72	1,008.91	1,011.04
Education and health services	24.16	24.72	24.80	24.85	777.95	795.98	801.04	800.17
Leisure and hospitality	14.34	14.83	14.90	14.61	357.07	366.30	368.03	334.57
Other services	21.24	21.77	21.83	21.90	656.32	677.05	676.73	667.95
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2020 - Mar. 2020(p)	Mar. 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020(p)	Mar. 2020(p)	Percent change from: Feb. 2020 - Mar. 2020(p)
Total private	118.2	119.2	119.8	117.7	-1.8	183.8	190.3	192.0	189.4	-1.4
Goods-producing	95.2	94.7	95.0	94.5	-0.5	143.0	145.5	146.5	146.1	-0.3
Mining and logging	138.7	125.2	124.3	122.1	-1.8	236.8	220.9	224.0	219.8	-1.9
Construction	110.6	113.2	112.7	112.6	-0.1	169.2	176.8	176.4	176.8	0.2
Manufacturing	86.1	84.9	85.8	85.0	-0.9	123.6	124.4	126.5	125.5	-0.8
Durable goods	87.9	86.3	87.3	86.2	-1.3	125.7	125.9	128.3	126.9	-1.1
Nondurable goods	83.4	82.7	83.4	82.8	-0.7	120.2	121.9	123.0	122.8	-0.2
Private service-providing	124.8	126.1	126.7	124.4	-1.8	197.1	204.5	206.1	203.2	-1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	111.0	111.4	111.9	111.6	-0.3	162.6	166.2	167.6	167.1	-0.3
Wholesale trade	108.9	108.9	108.9	108.3	-0.6	167.4	168.6	169.0	168.6	-0.2
Retail trade	102.8	102.7	103.3	103.2	-0.1	144.6	148.6	149.9	150.5	0.4
Transportation and warehousing	140.3	142.7	143.7	142.7	-0.7	199.3	205.2	208.2	204.8	-1.6
Utilities	95.5	96.2	96.5	97.0	0.5	146.3	151.3	152.3	153.4	0.7
Information	92.9	93.1	93.5	93.8	0.3	153.4	158.5	159.8	160.3	0.3
Financial activities	117.4	118.9	119.0	117.8	-1.0	197.8	206.1	206.6	204.5	-1.0
Professional and business services	136.6	138.7	138.9	138.1	-0.6	223.0	233.6	234.8	233.8	-0.4
Education and health services	144.6	148.1	148.8	147.5	-0.9	230.6	241.6	243.6	241.9	-0.7
Leisure and hospitality	132.2	133.7	133.9	120.4	-10.1	215.3	225.1	226.5	199.8	-11.8
Other services	105.3	107.0	106.7	104.0	-2.5	163.0	169.7	169.7	165.9	-2.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.