For release 10:00 a.m. (EST) Friday, February 28, 2014 USDL-14-0315
Technical information: (202) 691-6392 • lausinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/lau
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
REGIONAL AND STATE UNEMPLOYMENT -- 2013 ANNUAL AVERAGES
In 2013, annual average unemployment rates declined in 43 states and the
District of Columbia, rose in 2 states, and were unchanged in 5 states,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment-population
ratios decreased in 28 states, increased in 17 states and the District
of Columbia, and were unchanged in 5 states. The U.S. jobless rate
declined by 0.7 percentage point from the prior year to 7.4 percent,
and the national employment-population ratio was unchanged at 58.6
percent.
Regional Unemployment
All four regions experienced statistically significant unemployment rate
decreases from 2012, with the West having the largest decline (-1.2
percentage points). The West, at 8.0 percent, had the only jobless rate
significantly higher than that of the U.S. in 2013, while the South, at
7.0 percent, had the only rate significantly below the national figure.
(See table 1.)
Six of the 9 geographic divisions had statistically significant over-the-
year unemployment rate changes in 2013, all of which were decreases. The
largest of these occurred in the Pacific and South Atlantic (-1.4 percentage
points and -1.0 point, respectively). For the sixth year in a row, the
Pacific had the highest unemployment rate, 8.4 percent in 2013. Three
other divisions had rates significantly higher than the U.S. average.
The West North Central division again had the lowest jobless rate, 5.2
percent. Two other divisions, the West South Central and Mountain, at
6.3 percent and 7.0 percent, respectively, had rates significantly below
the national figure.
State Unemployment
In 2013, 25 states and the District of Columbia had statistically
significant unemployment rate decreases, the largest of which were in
Nevada (-1.7 percentage points), Florida (-1.6 points), and California
(-1.5 points). Six additional states had decreases greater than 1.0
percentage point. The remaining 25 states had annual average unemployment
rates for 2013 that were not appreciably different from those of the
previous year, though some had changes that were at least as large
numerically as the significant changes. (See table A.)
Nevada again had the highest unemployment rate (9.8 percent) in 2013,
followed by Rhode Island (9.5 percent) and Illinois (9.2 percent).
North Dakota had the lowest jobless rate among the states for the
fifth year in a row (2.9 percent), followed by South Dakota (3.8 percent)
and Nebraska (3.9 percent). Overall, 25 states had unemployment rates
that were significantly lower than the U.S. rate of 7.4 percent, while
11 states and the District of Columbia had rates significantly above
it. (See table B.)
Regional Employment-Population Ratios
In 2013, no region had a statistically significant change in its
employment-population ratio--the proportion of the civilian
noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over who are employed.
The Midwest continued to have the highest ratio, 60.5 percent, while
the South, at 57.8 percent, had the lowest, followed by the West, at
57.9 percent. The ratios in these three regions were significantly
different from the national figure of 58.6 percent. (See table 2.)
The East South Central was the only division with a statistically
significant change in its employment-population ratio in 2013 (-0.8
percentage point). The East South Central again had the lowest proportion
of employed persons, 54.4 percent. The next lowest ratios were in the
Pacific (57.4 percent), South Atlantic (57.7 percent), and Middle
Atlantic (58.0 percent). Ratios in all four of these divisions were
significantly below the national average. The division with the highest
employment-population ratio was the West North Central, at 64.8 percent,
followed by New England, at 60.9 percent. These two divisions, along
with the West South Central, at 59.6 percent, had employment-population
ratios measurably above that of the U.S.
State Employment-Population Ratios
In 2013, the largest employment-population ratio decrease among the
states occurred in Tennessee (-1.1 percentage points), followed by
Arkansas and North Dakota (-1.0 point each). Five other states also
had statistically significant decreases in their ratios. Utah had the
largest increase in its employment-population ratio among the states
(+1.4 percentage points). California and Florida had the only other
statistically significant increases in their ratios over the year
(+0.5 percentage point each). (See table C.)
West Virginia again had the lowest employment-population ratio among
the states, 50.1 percent in 2013. West Virginia has had the lowest
employment-population ratio each year since the series began in 1976.
Four states in the West North Central division again had the highest
ratios: North Dakota (69.4 percent), Nebraska (69.2 percent), South
Dakota (67.2 percent), and Minnesota (66.8 percent). Overall, 22 states
and the District of Columbia had employment-population ratios that were
significantly above the U.S. ratio of 58.6 percent, and 18 states had
ratios that were appreciably below it. Three states had the lowest
employment-population ratios in their series in 2013: Delaware, 56.7
percent; Nevada, 57.2 percent; and Oregon, 56.7 percent. (See table D.)
_____________
The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment news release for
January 2014 is scheduled to be released on Monday, March 17, 2014,
at 10:00 a.m. (EDT). The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment
news release for January 2014 is scheduled to be released on Friday,
March 21, 2014, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
Table A. States with statistically significant unemployment rate changes,
2012–13 annual averages
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Rate |
|-------------------------| Over-the-year
State | | | rate change
| 2012 | 2013 |
--------------------------------|------------|------------|---------------
California .....................| 10.4 | 8.9 | -1.5
Colorado .......................| 7.8 | 6.8 | -1.0
District of Columbia ...........| 9.1 | 8.3 | -.8
Florida ........................| 8.8 | 7.2 | -1.6
Georgia ........................| 9.0 | 8.2 | -.8
Hawaii .........................| 5.7 | 4.8 | -.9
Idaho ..........................| 7.3 | 6.2 | -1.1
Indiana ........................| 8.1 | 7.5 | -.6
Iowa ...........................| 5.2 | 4.6 | -.6
Maine ..........................| 7.2 | 6.7 | -.5
| | |
Minnesota ......................| 5.6 | 5.1 | -.5
Nevada .........................| 11.5 | 9.8 | -1.7
New Jersey .....................| 9.3 | 8.2 | -1.1
New York .......................| 8.5 | 7.7 | -.8
North Carolina .................| 9.2 | 8.0 | -1.2
Oregon .........................| 8.8 | 7.7 | -1.1
Pennsylvania ...................| 7.9 | 7.4 | -.5
Rhode Island ...................| 10.3 | 9.5 | -.8
South Carolina .................| 9.0 | 7.6 | -1.4
South Dakota ...................| 4.2 | 3.8 | -.4
| | |
Texas ..........................| 6.8 | 6.3 | -.5
Utah ...........................| 5.4 | 4.4 | -1.0
Vermont ........................| 4.9 | 4.4 | -.5
Washington .....................| 8.1 | 7.0 | -1.1
West Virginia ..................| 7.2 | 6.5 | -.7
Wyoming ........................| 5.4 | 4.6 | -.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table B. States with unemployment rates significantly differ-
ent from that of the U.S., 2013 annual averages
--------------------------------------------------------------
State | Rate
--------------------------------------------------------------
United States .......................| 7.4
|
Alaska ..............................| 6.5
California ..........................| 8.9
Colorado ............................| 6.8
Delaware ............................| 6.7
District of Columbia ................| 8.3
Georgia .............................| 8.2
Hawaii ..............................| 4.8
Idaho ...............................| 6.2
Illinois ............................| 9.2
Iowa ................................| 4.6
|
Kansas ..............................| 5.4
Kentucky ............................| 8.3
Louisiana ...........................| 6.2
Maine ...............................| 6.7
Maryland ............................| 6.6
Michigan ............................| 8.8
Minnesota ...........................| 5.1
Mississippi .........................| 8.6
Missouri ............................| 6.5
Montana .............................| 5.6
|
Nebraska ............................| 3.9
Nevada ..............................| 9.8
New Hampshire .......................| 5.3
New Jersey ..........................| 8.2
North Carolina ......................| 8.0
North Dakota ........................| 2.9
Oklahoma ............................| 5.4
Rhode Island ........................| 9.5
South Dakota ........................| 3.8
Tennessee ...........................| 8.2
|
Texas ...............................| 6.3
Utah ................................| 4.4
Vermont .............................| 4.4
Virginia ............................| 5.5
West Virginia .......................| 6.5
Wisconsin ...........................| 6.7
Wyoming .............................| 4.6
--------------------------------------------------------------
Table C. States with statistically significant employment-population
ratio changes, 2012–13 annual averages
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Ratio |
|-------------------------| Over-the-year
State | | | ratio change
| 2012 | 2013 |
--------------------------------|------------|------------|---------------
Arizona ........................| 55.5 | 54.6 | -0.9
Arkansas .......................| 54.9 | 53.9 | -1.0
California .....................| 56.5 | 57.0 | .5
Connecticut ....................| 60.9 | 60.1 | -.8
Florida ........................| 55.3 | 55.8 | .5
Massachusetts ..................| 60.6 | 60.1 | -.5
Mississippi ....................| 52.9 | 52.0 | -.9
North Dakota ...................| 70.4 | 69.4 | -1.0
Oregon .........................| 57.3 | 56.7 | -.6
Tennessee ......................| 56.7 | 55.6 | -1.1
Utah ...........................| 64.2 | 65.6 | 1.4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table D. States with employment-population ratios significantly
different from that of the U.S., 2013 annual averages
----------------------------------------------------------------
State | Ratio
----------------------------------------------------------------
United States .......................| 58.6
|
Alabama .............................| 53.1
Alaska ..............................| 63.4
Arizona .............................| 54.6
Arkansas ............................| 53.9
California ..........................| 57.0
Colorado ............................| 63.2
Connecticut .........................| 60.1
Delaware ............................| 56.7
District of Columbia ................| 63.5
Florida .............................| 55.8
|
Idaho ...............................| 60.1
Iowa ................................| 66.3
Kansas ..............................| 64.3
Kentucky ............................| 55.7
Louisiana ...........................| 55.9
Maine ...............................| 60.9
Maryland ............................| 63.0
Massachusetts .......................| 60.1
Michigan ............................| 55.0
Minnesota ...........................| 66.8
|
Mississippi .........................| 52.0
Missouri ............................| 60.1
Montana .............................| 60.5
Nebraska ............................| 69.2
Nevada ..............................| 57.2
New Hampshire .......................| 65.6
New Mexico ..........................| 54.1
New York ............................| 56.8
North Carolina ......................| 56.9
North Dakota ........................| 69.4
|
Oregon ..............................| 56.7
South Carolina ......................| 54.4
South Dakota ........................| 67.2
Tennessee ...........................| 55.6
Texas ...............................| 61.1
Utah ................................| 65.6
Vermont .............................| 65.5
Virginia ............................| 62.7
West Virginia .......................| 50.1
Wisconsin ...........................| 63.6
Wyoming .............................| 64.9
----------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note
This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census regions
and divisions and states from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
program. The LAUS program is a federal-state cooperative endeavor.
Concepts
Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same
concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates
obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of house-
holds that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S.
Census Bureau. The LAUS program measures employment and unemployment on a
place-of-residence basis. The universe for each is the civilian noninstitu-
tional population 16 years of age and over. Employed persons are those who did
any work at all for pay or profit in the reference week (the week including
the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family
business or farm, plus those not working who had a job from which they were
temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-manage-
ment dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who were
not employed during the reference week (based on the definition above), had
actively looked for a job sometime in the 4-week period ending with the
reference week, and were currently available for work; persons on layoff
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.
The labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. The unemploy-
ment rate is the number of unemployed expressed as a percent of the labor
force. The employment-population ratio is the proportion of the civilian
noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over that is employed.
Method of estimation. Estimates for 48 of the 50 states, the District of
Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division, New York
City, and the balances of California and New York State are produced using
estimating equations based on regression techniques. This method, which under-
went substantial enhancement at the beginning of 2005, utilizes data from
several sources, including the CPS, the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey of nonfarm payroll employment, and state unemployment insurance (UI)
programs. Estimates for the State of California are derived by summing the
estimates for the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale metropolitan division and
the balance of California. Similarly, estimates for New York State are derived
by summing the estimates for New York City and the balance of New York State.
Estimates for all nine census divisions are based on a similar regression
approach that does not incorporate CES or UI data. Estimates for census
regions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the component
divisions and then calculating the unemployment rate. Each month, census
division estimates are controlled to national totals; state estimates are
then controlled to their respective division totals. Estimates for Puerto Rico
are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the CPS. A detailed
description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request.
Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data for prior years reflect
adjustments made at the end of each year. The adjusted estimates incorporate
updated population data from the U.S. Census Bureau, any revisions in the
other data sources, and model reestimation. The population data (except for
Puerto Rico) reflect, for the first time, the results of the 2010 Census. In
most years, historical data for the most recent 5 years (both seasonally
adjusted and not seasonally adjusted) are revised near the beginning of each
calendar year, prior to the release of January estimates. Though the labor
force estimates are changed for 5 years, the population estimates are adjusted
back to the new decennial estimates base of April 2010.
Reliability of the estimates
The estimates presented in this release are based on sample surveys,
administrative data, and modeling and, thus, are subject to sampling and
other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--
that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling
errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and
processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
are subject to additional errors resulting from the specific estimation
processes used. In table 1, level estimates for states may not sum to level
estimates for regions and divisions because of rounding. Unemployment rates
and employment-population ratios are computed from unrounded levels and thus
may differ slightly from rates and ratios computed using the rounded level
estimates displayed in table 1.
Use of error measures. In 2005, the LAUS program introduced several
improvements to its methodology. Among these was the development of model-
based error measures for the monthly estimates and the estimates of over-
the-month changes. Annual average model-based error measures became avail-
able for the first time after 2006. The introductory section of this release
preserves the long-time practice of highlighting the direction of the move-
ments in regional and state unemployment rates and employment-population
ratios regardless of their statistical significance. The remainder of the
analysis in the release--other than historical highs and lows--takes statis-
tical significance into consideration. Model-based error measures are avail-
able online at www.bls.gov/lau/lastderr.htm. BLS uses 90-percent confidence
levels in determining whether changes in LAUS unemployment rates or employment-
population ratios are statistically significant. The average magnitude of the
over-the-year change in an annual state unemployment rate that is required in
order to be statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level is
about 0.5 percentage point. The average magnitude of the over-the-year change
in an annual state employment-population ratio that is required in order to
be statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level is about 0.6
percentage point. Measures of nonsampling error are not available.
Additional information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service:
(800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over by region, division, and state,
2012-13 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Population Civilian labor Employed Unemployed Unemployment
force rate Error range of
Region, division, and state rate, 2013 (1)
2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013
United States............. 243,284 245,679 154,975 155,389 142,469 143,929 12,506 11,460 8.1 7.4 7.3 - 7.5
Northeast...................... 44,372 44,611 28,370 28,336 26,060 26,203 2,310 2,133 8.1 7.5 7.3 - 7.7
New England................. 11,684 11,760 7,721 7,702 7,164 7,157 557 545 7.2 7.1 6.8 - 7.4
Connecticut.............. 2,842 2,855 1,887 1,860 1,731 1,715 156 145 8.3 7.8 7.3 - 8.3
Maine.................... 1,083 1,086 707 709 656 662 51 47 7.2 6.7 6.2 - 7.2
Massachusetts............ 5,337 5,387 3,470 3,484 3,235 3,238 235 246 6.8 7.1 6.5 - 7.6
New Hampshire............ 1,066 1,072 743 742 702 703 41 39 5.5 5.3 4.9 - 5.6
Rhode Island............. 845 847 559 556 501 503 57 53 10.3 9.5 8.8 - 10.2
Vermont.................. 511 513 356 351 338 336 17 15 4.9 4.4 4.0 - 4.8
Middle Atlantic............. 32,688 32,851 20,649 20,634 18,896 19,047 1,753 1,587 8.5 7.7 7.4 - 7.9
New Jersey............... 6,965 7,008 4,562 4,538 4,137 4,166 425 372 9.3 8.2 7.7 - 8.7
New York................. 15,569 15,661 9,621 9,636 8,806 8,899 815 737 8.5 7.7 7.3 - 8.0
Pennsylvania............. 10,154 10,182 6,466 6,460 5,954 5,982 513 478 7.9 7.4 7.0 - 7.8
Midwest........................ 52,318 52,600 34,180 34,302 31,654 31,844 2,526 2,458 7.4 7.2 7.0 - 7.4
East North Central.......... 36,309 36,469 23,212 23,282 21,305 21,398 1,908 1,884 8.2 8.1 7.8 - 8.4
Illinois................. 9,982 10,020 6,570 6,554 5,982 5,954 588 600 8.9 9.2 8.6 - 9.7
Indiana.................. 5,032 5,066 3,169 3,180 2,912 2,941 257 239 8.1 7.5 6.9 - 8.2
Michigan................. 7,781 7,813 4,670 4,707 4,244 4,294 426 413 9.1 8.8 8.2 - 9.4
Ohio..................... 9,028 9,059 5,741 5,766 5,317 5,341 424 425 7.4 7.4 6.9 - 7.9
Wisconsin................ 4,486 4,511 3,063 3,075 2,850 2,868 212 207 6.9 6.7 6.2 - 7.2
West North Central.......... 16,009 16,131 10,968 11,021 10,350 10,446 618 575 5.6 5.2 5.0 - 5.4
Iowa..................... 2,389 2,404 1,663 1,671 1,577 1,594 86 78 5.2 4.6 4.2 - 5.1
Kansas................... 2,174 2,184 1,487 1,484 1,401 1,403 86 80 5.8 5.4 5.0 - 5.9
Minnesota................ 4,187 4,225 2,961 2,974 2,795 2,823 166 150 5.6 5.1 4.7 - 5.4
Missouri................. 4,670 4,693 2,997 3,018 2,787 2,821 209 197 7.0 6.5 5.9 - 7.2
Nebraska................. 1,413 1,424 1,020 1,025 979 985 41 40 4.0 3.9 3.5 - 4.3
North Dakota............. 544 560 395 401 383 389 12 12 3.0 2.9 2.6 - 3.2
South Dakota............. 633 641 446 448 427 431 19 17 4.2 3.8 3.5 - 4.2
South.......................... 90,117 91,184 56,480 56,677 52,117 52,698 4,363 3,979 7.7 7.0 6.9 - 7.2
South Atlantic.............. 47,744 48,311 29,989 30,054 27,521 27,887 2,467 2,167 8.2 7.2 7.0 - 7.4
Delaware................. 720 728 441 443 410 413 31 30 7.1 6.7 6.2 - 7.3
District of Columbia..... 526 535 364 370 331 340 33 31 9.1 8.3 7.7 - 8.9
Florida.................. 15,455 15,669 9,367 9,432 8,547 8,750 820 683 8.8 7.2 6.9 - 7.6
Georgia.................. 7,485 7,567 4,772 4,767 4,342 4,378 430 389 9.0 8.2 7.6 - 8.7
Maryland................. 4,599 4,642 3,126 3,128 2,910 2,922 216 206 6.9 6.6 6.2 - 7.0
North Carolina........... 7,495 7,590 4,707 4,695 4,271 4,318 435 377 9.2 8.0 7.5 - 8.5
South Carolina........... 3,658 3,707 2,185 2,182 1,989 2,016 196 165 9.0 7.6 6.9 - 8.3
Virginia................. 6,318 6,385 4,221 4,240 3,973 4,005 248 235 5.9 5.5 5.1 - 6.0
West Virginia............ 1,488 1,487 807 796 748 745 58 51 7.2 6.5 5.7 - 7.2
East South Central.......... 14,405 14,499 8,647 8,561 7,948 7,889 700 672 8.1 7.8 7.4 - 8.3
Alabama.................. 3,746 3,767 2,163 2,138 2,010 2,000 153 138 7.1 6.5 5.5 - 7.5
Kentucky................. 3,382 3,403 2,072 2,066 1,900 1,895 172 171 8.3 8.3 7.6 - 9.0
Mississippi.............. 2,254 2,262 1,313 1,286 1,192 1,176 120 111 9.2 8.6 7.7 - 9.5
Tennessee................ 5,022 5,067 3,100 3,070 2,846 2,818 253 252 8.2 8.2 7.5 - 8.9
West South Central.......... 27,967 28,374 17,844 18,063 16,648 16,922 1,196 1,140 6.7 6.3 6.1 - 6.6
Arkansas................. 2,264 2,276 1,345 1,327 1,244 1,226 101 100 7.5 7.5 6.8 - 8.3
Louisiana................ 3,501 3,525 2,079 2,099 1,944 1,970 135 129 6.5 6.2 5.3 - 7.0
Oklahoma................. 2,892 2,921 1,794 1,817 1,698 1,718 96 99 5.4 5.4 4.9 - 6.0
Texas.................... 19,309 19,652 12,627 12,820 11,762 12,007 864 813 6.8 6.3 6.0 - 6.7
West........................... 56,581 57,289 36,010 36,076 32,697 33,186 3,313 2,890 9.2 8.0 7.8 - 8.2
Mountain.................... 17,171 17,424 11,043 11,080 10,174 10,301 868 780 7.9 7.0 6.8 - 7.3
Arizona.................. 5,001 5,077 3,026 3,012 2,774 2,772 252 240 8.3 8.0 7.3 - 8.7
Colorado................. 3,992 4,063 2,746 2,755 2,531 2,568 215 187 7.8 6.8 6.3 - 7.2
Idaho.................... 1,194 1,209 772 775 716 727 56 48 7.3 6.2 5.5 - 6.9
Montana.................. 793 801 507 514 477 485 31 29 6.0 5.6 5.0 - 6.3
Nevada................... 2,131 2,163 1,384 1,373 1,225 1,238 159 135 11.5 9.8 9.2 - 10.5
New Mexico............... 1,590 1,595 925 926 860 863 65 64 7.1 6.9 6.1 - 7.6
Utah..................... 2,028 2,067 1,377 1,419 1,303 1,356 74 63 5.4 4.4 4.0 - 4.9
Wyoming.................. 444 450 306 306 289 292 17 14 5.4 4.6 4.2 - 5.1
Pacific..................... 39,410 39,865 24,968 24,996 22,523 22,886 2,445 2,110 9.8 8.4 8.2 - 8.7
Alaska................... 535 537 366 364 340 340 25 24 6.9 6.5 5.8 - 7.2
California............... 29,337 29,683 18,519 18,597 16,590 16,933 1,929 1,663 10.4 8.9 8.7 - 9.2
Hawaii................... 1,061 1,070 649 649 612 618 37 31 5.7 4.8 4.3 - 5.3
Oregon................... 3,100 3,133 1,949 1,925 1,777 1,776 172 149 8.8 7.7 7.1 - 8.3
Washington............... 5,377 5,442 3,485 3,461 3,203 3,218 281 243 8.1 7.0 6.5 - 7.6
Puerto Rico.................... 2,915 2,897 1,214 1,189 1,038 1,019 176 170 14.5 14.3 NA
1 Error ranges are shown at the 90-percent confidence level and are based on unrounded data.
NA = Data not available.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Unemployment rates are in percent and are based on unrounded levels. Data for subnational
areas reflect revised population controls and model reestimation. As a result, they will not add to U.S. totals. Data for Puerto Rico
are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey.
Table 2. Employment-population ratios of persons 16 years of age and over by region, division,
and state, 2012-13 annual averages
(Percent)
Employment-population
ratio (1) Over-the- Error range of
Region, division, and state year ratio,
change 2013 (2)
2012 2013
United States............. 58.6 58.6 0.0 58.4 - 58.8
Northeast...................... 58.7 58.7 .0 58.3 - 59.2
New England................. 61.3 60.9 -.4 60.1 - 61.6
Connecticut.............. 60.9 60.1 -.8 58.9 - 61.2
Maine.................... 60.6 60.9 .3 59.7 - 62.1
Massachusetts............ 60.6 60.1 -.5 59.0 - 61.2
New Hampshire............ 65.8 65.6 -.2 64.6 - 66.6
Rhode Island............. 59.4 59.3 -.1 58.2 - 60.5
Vermont.................. 66.2 65.5 -.7 64.3 - 66.7
Middle Atlantic............. 57.8 58.0 .2 57.4 - 58.5
New Jersey............... 59.4 59.4 .0 58.5 - 60.4
New York................. 56.6 56.8 .2 56.2 - 57.5
Pennsylvania............. 58.6 58.8 .2 57.9 - 59.6
Midwest........................ 60.5 60.5 .0 60.1 - 60.9
East North Central.......... 58.7 58.7 .0 58.2 - 59.2
Illinois................. 59.9 59.4 -.5 58.5 - 60.4
Indiana.................. 57.9 58.0 .1 56.6 - 59.5
Michigan................. 54.5 55.0 .5 54.0 - 55.9
Ohio..................... 58.9 59.0 .1 58.1 - 59.8
Wisconsin................ 63.5 63.6 .1 62.2 - 64.9
West North Central.......... 64.7 64.8 .1 64.2 - 65.3
Iowa..................... 66.0 66.3 .3 65.2 - 67.4
Kansas................... 64.4 64.3 -.1 63.1 - 65.4
Minnesota................ 66.8 66.8 .0 65.7 - 68.0
Missouri................. 59.7 60.1 .4 58.8 - 61.4
Nebraska................. 69.3 69.2 -.1 68.1 - 70.3
North Dakota............. 70.4 69.4 -1.0 68.1 - 70.8
South Dakota............. 67.5 67.2 -.3 66.0 - 68.4
South.......................... 57.8 57.8 .0 57.5 - 58.1
South Atlantic.............. 57.6 57.7 .1 57.3 - 58.2
Delaware................. 56.9 56.7 -.2 55.7 - 57.8
District of Columbia..... 63.0 63.5 .5 62.4 - 64.7
Florida.................. 55.3 55.8 .5 54.9 - 56.8
Georgia.................. 58.0 57.9 -.1 56.8 - 58.9
Maryland................. 63.3 63.0 -.3 62.1 - 63.8
North Carolina........... 57.0 56.9 -.1 55.9 - 57.9
South Carolina........... 54.4 54.4 .0 53.2 - 55.6
Virginia................. 62.9 62.7 -.2 61.5 - 63.9
West Virginia............ 50.3 50.1 -.2 48.4 - 51.7
East South Central.......... 55.2 54.4 -.8 53.6 - 55.2
Alabama.................. 53.6 53.1 -.5 51.4 - 54.8
Kentucky................. 56.2 55.7 -.5 54.4 - 57.0
Mississippi.............. 52.9 52.0 -.9 50.5 - 53.5
Tennessee................ 56.7 55.6 -1.1 54.4 - 56.9
West South Central.......... 59.5 59.6 .1 59.0 - 60.2
Arkansas................. 54.9 53.9 -1.0 52.7 - 55.1
Louisiana................ 55.5 55.9 .4 54.3 - 57.5
Oklahoma................. 58.7 58.8 .1 57.5 - 60.1
Texas.................... 60.9 61.1 .2 60.4 - 61.8
West........................... 57.8 57.9 .1 57.6 - 58.3
Mountain.................... 59.3 59.1 -.2 58.5 - 59.7
Arizona.................. 55.5 54.6 -.9 53.0 - 56.2
Colorado................. 63.4 63.2 -.2 61.7 - 64.7
Idaho.................... 60.0 60.1 .1 58.7 - 61.5
Montana.................. 60.2 60.5 .3 59.0 - 62.0
Nevada................... 57.5 57.2 -.3 56.1 - 58.4
New Mexico............... 54.1 54.1 .0 53.0 - 55.2
Utah..................... 64.2 65.6 1.4 64.1 - 67.1
Wyoming.................. 65.1 64.9 -.2 63.6 - 66.2
Pacific..................... 57.1 57.4 .3 57.0 - 57.8
Alaska................... 63.6 63.4 -.2 61.6 - 65.1
California............... 56.5 57.0 .5 56.6 - 57.5
Hawaii................... 57.7 57.7 .0 56.5 - 58.9
Oregon................... 57.3 56.7 -.6 55.7 - 57.7
Washington............... 59.6 59.1 -.5 58.2 - 60.1
Puerto Rico.................... 35.6 35.2 -.4 NA
1 Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age
and over.
2 Error ranges are shown at the 90-percent confidence level and are based on unrounded
data.
NA = Data not available.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Employment-population ratios are based on
unrounded levels. Data for subnational areas reflect revised population controls and model
reestimation. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to
the Current Population Survey.
United States Department of Labor
