Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	               USDL-25-0927
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, June 6, 2025

Technical information: 
 Household data:      (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:  (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                             THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MAY 2025


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 139,000 in May, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 4.2 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment
continued to trend up in health care, leisure and hospitality, and social assistance. Federal
government continued to lose jobs. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate held at 4.2 percent in May and has remained in a narrow range of 4.0
percent to 4.2 percent since May 2024. The number of unemployed people, at 7.2 million,
changed little over the month. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.9 percent), adult
women (3.9 percent), teenagers (13.4 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (6.0 percent),
Asians (3.6 percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little or no change over the month.
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of people jobless less than 5 weeks increased by 264,000 to 2.5 million in May. The
number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) decreased over the month
by 218,000 to 1.5 million. Both measures were little changed over the year. The long-term
unemployed accounted for 20.4 percent of all unemployed people in May. (See table A-12.)

In May, the employment-population ratio declined by 0.3 percentage point to 59.7 percent. The
labor force participation rate decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 62.4 percent. (See table
A-1.)

The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.6 million, changed little
in May. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table
A-8.) 

In May, the number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job was little
changed at 6.0 million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not
actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take
a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached
to the labor force, at 1.6 million, changed little in May. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of
the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, also changed little
over the month at 381,000. (See Summary table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 139,000 in May, similar to the average monthly
gain of 149,000 over the prior 12 months. In May, employment continued to trend up in health
care, leisure and hospitality, and social assistance. Federal government continued to lose
jobs. (See table B-1.)

Health care added 62,000 jobs in May, higher than the average monthly gain of 44,000 over the
prior 12 months. In May, job gains occurred in hospitals (+30,000), ambulatory health care
services (+29,000), and skilled nursing care facilities (+6,000).
 
Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in May (+48,000), largely in food
services and drinking places (+30,000). Over the prior 12 months, leisure and hospitality had
added an average of 20,000 jobs per month.

In May, social assistance employment continued to trend up (+16,000), reflecting continued
growth in individual and family services (+16,000).

Federal government employment continued to decline in May (-22,000) and is down by 59,000
since January. (Employees on paid leave or receiving ongoing severance pay are counted as
employed in the establishment survey.)

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail
trade; transportation and warehousing; information; financial activities; professional and
business services; and other services.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 15 cents, or
0.4 percent, to $36.24 in May. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased
by 3.9 percent. In May, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees rose by 12 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $31.18. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)

In May, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.3 hours for
the third month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek was little changed at 40.1
hours, and overtime was unchanged at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.7 hours in May. (See
tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down by 65,000, from
+185,000 to +120,000, and the change for April was revised down by 30,000, from +177,000 to
+147,000. With these revisions, employment in March and April combined is 95,000 lower than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the
recalculation of seasonal factors.)

____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Thursday, July 3, 2025, at
8:30 a.m. (ET).

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________
|												 |
|             Minor Corrections to Some Household Survey Estimates for April 2025		 |
|												 |
| Corrections have been made to address minor errors in some estimates from the April 2025	 |
| household survey. Major labor force measures, such as the unemployment rate, labor force	 |
| participation rate, and employment-population ratio, were unaffected. These errors were	 |
| associated with the introduction of a redesigned household survey sample, and the impact of	 |
| the correction was negligible. More information, including a list of affected series, is	 |
| available at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/cps-corrections-april-2025.htm. 				 |
|________________________________________________________________________________________________|

 ________________________________________________________________________________________________
|												 |
|  Establishment Survey Estimates for April 2025 Reflect Movement of Workers Between Industries	 |
|												 |
| April estimates from the establishment survey reflect the movement of workers between two	 |
| different industries: home health care services and individual and family services. Changes in |
| the administration of a New York state program caused workers who had previously been paid by	 |
| establishments in the home health care services component of the health care industry to be	 |
| included on payrolls in the individual and family services component of social assistance.	 |
| This movement is reflected in the April 2025 estimates and contributed to an employment	 |
| decline in health care and an employment gain in social assistance.				 |
|________________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025	Change from: Apr. 2025- May 2025
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,248	273,023	273,197	273,385	188
Civilian labor force	167,799	170,591	171,135	170,510	-625
Participation rate	62.6	62.5	62.6	62.4	-0.2
Employed	161,164	163,508	163,969	163,273	-696
Employment-population ratio	60.1	59.9	60.0	59.7	-0.3
Unemployed	6,635	7,083	7,166	7,237	71
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.2	0.0
Not in labor force	100,449	102,431	102,062	102,875	813
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.2	0.0
Adult men (20 years and over)	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.9	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	3.4	3.7	3.7	3.9	0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	12.4	13.7	13.0	13.4	0.4
White	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.8	0.0
Black or African American	6.1	6.2	6.3	6.0	-0.3
Asian	3.1	3.5	3.0	3.6	0.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.1	-0.1
Total, 25 years and over	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.4	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	5.9	5.8	6.1	5.5	-0.6
High school graduates, no college	4.3	4.1	4.0	4.5	0.5
Some college or associate degree	3.1	3.5	3.7	3.3	-0.4
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.1	2.6	2.5	2.6	0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	3,213	3,313	3,455	3,457	2
Job leavers	720	870	855	704	-151
Reentrants	2,060	2,176	2,235	2,288	53
New entrants	646	739	701	725	24
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,309	2,362	2,187	2,451	264
5 to 14 weeks	1,922	2,146	2,269	2,208	-61
15 to 26 weeks	964	1,006	987	1,039	52
27 weeks and over	1,348	1,495	1,675	1,457	-218
Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,415	4,780	4,690	4,624	-66
Slack work or business conditions	3,085	3,156	3,148	3,007	-141
Could only find part-time work	1,064	1,255	1,260	1,385	125
Part time for noneconomic reasons	22,631	22,625	22,723	22,588	-135
People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,523	1,687	1,617	1,556	-61
Discouraged workers	459	509	414	381	-33
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	193	120	147	139
Total private	160	114	146	140
Goods-producing	11	5	14	-5
Mining and logging	-6	-1	2	-1
Construction	15	5	7	4
Manufacturing	2	1	5	-8
Durable goods(1)	0	-2	6	-7
Motor vehicles and parts	4.0	-0.6	-3.2	0.4
Nondurable goods	2	3	-1	-1
Private service-providing	149	109	132	145
Wholesale trade	-5.4	-4.8	3.6	2.5
Retail trade	12.8	16.4	-2.7	-6.5
Transportation and warehousing	9.6	-20.7	-8.1	5.8
Utilities	2.0	1.5	-1.5	2.2
Information	1	-2	0	2
Financial activities	7	3	3	13
Professional and business services(1)	11	-11	10	-18
Temporary help services	-20.0	-14.3	3.1	-20.2
Private education and health services(1)	79	65	100	87
Health care and social assistance	79.3	67.2	85.1	78.3
Leisure and hospitality	23	45	29	48
Other services	9	17	-2	9
Government	33	6	1	-1
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	186	111	123	135
Total private	153	100	122	133
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.5	81.5	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.3	34.3	34.3	34.3
Average hourly earnings	$34.89	$36.02	$36.09	$36.24
Average weekly earnings	$1,196.73	$1,235.49	$1,237.89	$1,243.03
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	115.8	116.8	117.0	117.1
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	193.2	201.2	201.8	202.8
Over-the-month percent change	0.8	0.7	0.3	0.5
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (250 industries)	52.6	51.6	51.8	50.0
Manufacturing (72 industries)	46.5	44.4	44.4	41.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 136,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
   employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment
   estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period.
   Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in
   the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid,
   please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 631,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed.
Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-86,000 to +186,000 (50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries
when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	268,248	273,197	273,385	268,248	272,685	272,847	273,023	273,197	273,385
Civilian labor force	167,576	170,650	170,216	167,799	170,744	170,359	170,591	171,135	170,510
Participation rate	62.5	62.5	62.3	62.6	62.6	62.4	62.5	62.6	62.4
Employed	161,341	164,069	163,401	161,164	163,895	163,307	163,508	163,969	163,273
Employment-population ratio	60.1	60.1	59.8	60.1	60.1	59.9	59.9	60.0	59.7
Unemployed	6,235	6,582	6,815	6,635	6,849	7,052	7,083	7,166	7,237
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.2
Not in labor force	100,672	102,547	103,169	100,449	101,941	102,487	102,431	102,062	102,875
People who currently want a job	6,259	5,534	6,567	5,706	5,479	5,893	5,915	5,672	5,991
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,782	133,260	133,351	130,782	133,010	133,089	133,175	133,260	133,351
Civilian labor force	88,591	90,451	90,249	88,688	90,393	89,987	90,244	90,693	90,392
Participation rate	67.7	67.9	67.7	67.8	68.0	67.6	67.8	68.1	67.8
Employed	85,076	86,688	86,565	84,977	86,733	86,226	86,443	86,733	86,486
Employment-population ratio	65.1	65.1	64.9	65.0	65.2	64.8	64.9	65.1	64.9
Unemployed	3,515	3,763	3,685	3,711	3,660	3,761	3,800	3,960	3,906
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.3
Not in labor force	42,191	42,810	43,102	42,095	42,617	43,102	42,932	42,567	42,959
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	121,844	124,166	124,261	121,844	123,918	123,996	124,082	124,166	124,261
Civilian labor force	85,283	87,280	87,032	85,297	87,067	86,594	86,887	87,309	87,087
Participation rate	70.0	70.3	70.0	70.0	70.3	69.8	70.0	70.3	70.1
Employed	82,225	83,940	83,836	82,083	83,803	83,311	83,563	83,858	83,704
Employment-population ratio	67.5	67.6	67.5	67.4	67.6	67.2	67.3	67.5	67.4
Unemployed	3,057	3,340	3,196	3,214	3,264	3,283	3,324	3,451	3,383
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.9
Not in labor force	36,561	36,887	37,229	36,547	36,851	37,402	37,195	36,857	37,174
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	137,465	139,937	140,033	137,465	139,674	139,758	139,848	139,937	140,033
Civilian labor force	78,985	80,200	79,967	79,111	80,351	80,372	80,348	80,442	80,118
Participation rate	57.5	57.3	57.1	57.5	57.5	57.5	57.5	57.5	57.2
Employed	76,265	77,381	76,836	76,187	77,162	77,081	77,065	77,236	76,787
Employment-population ratio	55.5	55.3	54.9	55.4	55.2	55.2	55.1	55.2	54.8
Unemployed	2,720	2,819	3,130	2,924	3,189	3,291	3,283	3,206	3,331
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.2
Not in labor force	58,481	59,737	60,067	58,354	59,324	59,385	59,500	59,495	59,915
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,830	131,167	131,268	128,830	130,908	130,991	131,080	131,167	131,268
Civilian labor force	75,723	77,173	76,861	75,814	77,203	77,115	76,997	77,241	76,968
Participation rate	58.8	58.8	58.6	58.8	59.0	58.9	58.7	58.9	58.6
Employed	73,338	74,642	74,073	73,219	74,380	74,205	74,159	74,379	73,979
Employment-population ratio	56.9	56.9	56.4	56.8	56.8	56.6	56.6	56.7	56.4
Unemployed	2,385	2,531	2,787	2,595	2,822	2,910	2,838	2,862	2,989
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.9
Not in labor force	53,106	53,994	54,407	53,016	53,706	53,876	54,082	53,926	54,300
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,574	17,863	17,856	17,574	17,859	17,860	17,862	17,863	17,856
Civilian labor force	6,570	6,197	6,323	6,688	6,474	6,650	6,707	6,585	6,456
Participation rate	37.4	34.7	35.4	38.1	36.3	37.2	37.6	36.9	36.2
Employed	5,777	5,487	5,492	5,861	5,712	5,792	5,786	5,732	5,590
Employment-population ratio	32.9	30.7	30.8	33.4	32.0	32.4	32.4	32.1	31.3
Unemployed	793	711	831	827	763	858	921	853	866
Unemployment rate	12.1	11.5	13.1	12.4	11.8	12.9	13.7	13.0	13.4
Not in labor force	11,004	11,666	11,533	10,887	11,385	11,210	11,154	11,279	11,400
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	204,917	207,291	207,377	204,917	207,088	207,147	207,221	207,291	207,377
Civilian labor force	127,207	128,801	128,277	127,423	128,988	128,548	128,769	129,149	128,538
Participation rate	62.1	62.1	61.9	62.2	62.3	62.1	62.1	62.3	62.0
Employed	123,061	124,263	123,650	122,956	124,431	123,726	123,993	124,198	123,605
Employment-population ratio	60.1	59.9	59.6	60.0	60.1	59.7	59.8	59.9	59.6
Unemployed	4,145	4,537	4,627	4,467	4,557	4,822	4,776	4,952	4,934
Unemployment rate	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8
Not in labor force	77,711	78,491	79,100	77,494	78,100	78,599	78,452	78,142	78,839
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,804	66,695	66,533	65,849	66,794	66,365	66,454	66,754	66,593
Participation rate	69.6	69.7	69.5	69.7	69.9	69.4	69.5	69.8	69.6
Employed	63,762	64,321	64,299	63,641	64,721	64,049	64,217	64,276	64,200
Employment-population ratio	67.5	67.2	67.2	67.3	67.7	67.0	67.1	67.2	67.1
Unemployed	2,042	2,374	2,234	2,208	2,073	2,316	2,237	2,478	2,392
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.1	3.5	3.4	3.7	3.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	56,340	57,292	56,799	56,440	57,063	57,060	57,193	57,326	56,923
Participation rate	57.7	58.0	57.5	57.8	57.8	57.8	57.9	58.0	57.6
Employed	54,787	55,618	55,065	54,747	55,195	55,117	55,307	55,440	55,047
Employment-population ratio	56.1	56.3	55.7	56.0	55.9	55.8	56.0	56.1	55.7
Unemployed	1,553	1,674	1,733	1,693	1,868	1,943	1,887	1,887	1,876
Unemployment rate	2.8	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,062	4,813	4,945	5,134	5,131	5,123	5,122	5,069	5,023
Participation rate	39.8	37.6	38.6	40.4	40.0	39.9	40.0	39.5	39.2
Employed	4,512	4,324	4,285	4,569	4,516	4,560	4,470	4,482	4,358
Employment-population ratio	35.5	33.7	33.5	36.0	35.2	35.6	34.9	35.0	34.0
Unemployed	550	489	660	565	616	562	653	587	665
Unemployment rate	10.9	10.2	13.3	11.0	12.0	11.0	12.7	11.6	13.2
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,949	35,719	35,751	34,949	35,621	35,653	35,687	35,719	35,751
Civilian labor force	21,999	22,170	22,189	21,989	22,260	22,340	22,196	22,185	22,174
Participation rate	62.9	62.1	62.1	62.9	62.5	62.7	62.2	62.1	62.0
Employed	20,672	20,883	20,876	20,641	20,874	21,002	20,826	20,787	20,843
Employment-population ratio	59.1	58.5	58.4	59.1	58.6	58.9	58.4	58.2	58.3
Unemployed	1,327	1,287	1,313	1,348	1,386	1,339	1,370	1,399	1,332
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.8	5.9	6.1	6.2	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.0
Not in labor force	12,950	13,549	13,562	12,960	13,361	13,313	13,491	13,534	13,577
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,164	10,505	10,416	10,155	10,451	10,347	10,511	10,504	10,409
Participation rate	68.4	69.2	68.5	68.4	69.0	68.3	69.3	69.2	68.5
Employed	9,506	9,939	9,876	9,501	9,728	9,773	9,870	9,917	9,869
Employment-population ratio	64.0	65.4	65.0	64.0	64.2	64.5	65.1	65.3	64.9
Unemployed	658	565	541	654	723	574	641	587	540
Unemployment rate	6.5	5.4	5.2	6.4	6.9	5.5	6.1	5.6	5.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,016	10,936	11,042	10,997	11,133	11,174	10,857	10,923	11,016
Participation rate	63.0	61.3	61.8	62.9	62.5	62.7	60.9	61.2	61.7
Employed	10,459	10,355	10,371	10,420	10,534	10,566	10,300	10,260	10,332
Employment-population ratio	59.8	58.0	58.0	59.6	59.2	59.3	57.8	57.5	57.8
Unemployed	557	581	671	577	598	607	557	663	684
Unemployment rate	5.1	5.3	6.1	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.1	6.1	6.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	818	729	731	837	677	820	828	759	749
Participation rate	31.3	27.2	27.3	32.0	25.3	30.6	30.9	28.3	27.9
Employed	706	588	630	720	612	662	655	610	641
Employment-population ratio	27.0	21.9	23.5	27.5	22.9	24.8	24.5	22.8	23.9
Unemployed	112	140	101	117	64	157	172	149	108
Unemployment rate	13.6	19.3	13.8	14.0	9.5	19.2	20.8	19.6	14.4
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,993	19,272	19,291	17,993	19,111	19,097	19,241	19,272	19,291
Civilian labor force	11,734	12,655	12,686	11,760	12,359	12,512	12,653	12,717	12,708
Participation rate	65.2	65.7	65.8	65.4	64.7	65.5	65.8	66.0	65.9
Employed	11,395	12,300	12,250	11,393	11,906	12,113	12,213	12,332	12,247
Employment-population ratio	63.3	63.8	63.5	63.3	62.3	63.4	63.5	64.0	63.5
Unemployed	339	354	435	367	453	399	441	385	461
Unemployment rate	2.9	2.8	3.4	3.1	3.7	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.6
Not in labor force	6,259	6,617	6,605	6,233	6,752	6,585	6,588	6,555	6,583
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,764	51,191	51,297	48,764	50,869	50,977	51,083	51,191	51,297
Civilian labor force	32,750	34,420	34,413	32,806	33,997	34,083	34,330	34,446	34,452
Participation rate	67.2	67.2	67.1	67.3	66.8	66.9	67.2	67.3	67.2
Employed	31,259	32,740	32,781	31,176	32,373	32,301	32,578	32,650	32,682
Employment-population ratio	64.1	64.0	63.9	63.9	63.6	63.4	63.8	63.8	63.7
Unemployed	1,492	1,680	1,632	1,631	1,623	1,782	1,752	1,795	1,770
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.9	4.7	5.0	4.8	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.1
Not in labor force	16,014	16,771	16,884	15,958	16,873	16,895	16,753	16,745	16,845
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	17,597	18,439	18,435	17,596	18,249	18,150	18,301	18,410	18,431
Participation rate	79.8	79.5	79.3	79.8	79.2	78.6	79.1	79.4	79.3
Employed	16,847	17,538	17,685	16,774	17,518	17,314	17,476	17,488	17,610
Employment-population ratio	76.4	75.6	76.1	76.1	76.0	75.0	75.5	75.4	75.7
Unemployed	750	901	750	822	731	836	825	921	821
Unemployment rate	4.3	4.9	4.1	4.7	4.0	4.6	4.5	5.0	4.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,549	14,511	14,464	13,573	14,204	14,347	14,398	14,512	14,473
Participation rate	61.2	62.5	62.2	61.3	61.6	62.1	62.1	62.5	62.2
Employed	13,046	13,892	13,781	13,020	13,564	13,621	13,732	13,846	13,742
Employment-population ratio	58.9	59.8	59.2	58.8	58.8	58.9	59.3	59.6	59.1
Unemployed	503	620	682	554	640	726	666	666	731
Unemployment rate	3.7	4.3	4.7	4.1	4.5	5.1	4.6	4.6	5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,604	1,470	1,514	1,638	1,544	1,586	1,631	1,523	1,549
Participation rate	35.0	30.8	31.7	35.7	32.5	33.3	34.2	31.9	32.4
Employed	1,366	1,310	1,314	1,382	1,291	1,366	1,370	1,316	1,330
Employment-population ratio	29.8	27.5	27.5	30.2	27.2	28.7	28.8	27.6	27.9
Unemployed	238	160	200	255	252	220	261	208	218
Unemployment rate	14.9	10.9	13.2	15.6	16.3	13.8	16.0	13.6	14.1
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,285	9,002	9,310	9,029	9,346	9,060	9,061	8,891	9,055
Participation rate	47.2	47.0	47.9	45.9	47.4	48.3	48.1	46.4	46.6
Employed	8,801	8,458	8,860	8,494	8,858	8,519	8,538	8,344	8,553
Employment-population ratio	44.8	44.2	45.6	43.2	44.9	45.4	45.3	43.6	44.0
Unemployed	484	544	450	536	487	541	523	546	502
Unemployment rate	5.2	6.0	4.8	5.9	5.2	6.0	5.8	6.1	5.5
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,391	36,631	36,522	36,340	36,582	36,215	36,023	36,525	36,460
Participation rate	56.9	56.9	56.7	56.8	57.1	56.2	56.4	56.7	56.6
Employed	34,934	35,248	34,997	34,786	34,954	34,676	34,538	35,069	34,836
Employment-population ratio	54.6	54.7	54.4	54.4	54.5	53.8	54.1	54.5	54.1
Unemployed	1,456	1,383	1,526	1,554	1,628	1,539	1,485	1,456	1,623
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.8	4.2	4.3	4.5	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.5
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,360	36,674	35,869	35,611	36,049	36,423	36,196	36,491	36,128
Participation rate	62.6	63.1	62.4	63.1	62.8	63.3	62.5	62.8	62.8
Employed	34,328	35,411	34,766	34,510	34,774	35,155	34,930	35,157	34,946
Employment-population ratio	60.8	60.9	60.5	61.1	60.5	61.1	60.3	60.5	60.8
Unemployed	1,032	1,264	1,103	1,101	1,275	1,268	1,266	1,334	1,181
Unemployment rate	2.9	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.3
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	64,934	66,604	66,678	65,004	66,334	66,292	66,752	66,666	66,744
Participation rate	72.8	72.6	72.2	72.8	72.4	71.8	72.0	72.7	72.3
Employed	63,667	65,070	65,066	63,619	64,831	64,655	65,014	65,005	65,022
Employment-population ratio	71.3	70.9	70.5	71.3	70.7	70.1	70.1	70.9	70.4
Unemployed	1,267	1,533	1,612	1,386	1,504	1,637	1,738	1,661	1,722
Unemployment rate	2.0	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.6
Footnotes (1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	17,606	17,294	15,558	15,217	2,048	2,077
Civilian labor force	8,260	8,256	7,068	7,064	1,192	1,192
Participation rate	46.9	47.7	45.4	46.4	58.2	57.4
Employed	8,030	7,963	6,863	6,834	1,167	1,129
Employment-population ratio	45.6	46.0	44.1	44.9	57.0	54.4
Unemployed	230	293	205	231	25	63
Unemployment rate	2.8	3.6	2.9	3.3	2.1	5.3
Not in labor force	9,346	9,038	8,490	8,153	856	885
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,380	5,669	4,443	4,642	937	1,026
Civilian labor force	4,204	4,397	3,499	3,653	706	744
Participation rate	78.1	77.6	78.7	78.7	75.3	72.5
Employed	4,071	4,252	3,373	3,557	698	695
Employment-population ratio	75.7	75.0	75.9	76.6	74.5	67.7
Unemployed	133	144	125	96	8	49
Unemployment rate	3.2	3.3	3.6	2.6	1.1	6.5
Not in labor force	1,176	1,272	944	990	231	282
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,743	3,189	2,285	2,715	458	475
Civilian labor force	1,842	2,023	1,557	1,742	285	281
Participation rate	67.1	63.4	68.1	64.2	62.2	59.2
Employed	1,816	1,931	1,541	1,663	275	269
Employment-population ratio	66.2	60.6	67.4	61.2	60.1	56.6
Unemployed	25	92	16	80	10	12
Unemployment rate	1.4	4.5	1.0	4.6	3.3	4.4
Not in labor force	901	1,166	728	973	173	194
Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,679	4,910	5,439	4,723	240	187
Civilian labor force	708	597	672	574	37	24
Participation rate	12.5	12.2	12.3	12.1	15.3	12.6
Employed	684	581	651	558	33	24
Employment-population ratio	12.0	11.8	12.0	11.8	13.6	12.6
Unemployed	24	16	21	16	4	0
Unemployment rate	3.5	2.7	3.1	2.8	-	-
Not in labor force	4,971	4,313	4,767	4,149	203	163
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,804	3,526	3,391	3,137	413	389
Civilian labor force	1,506	1,240	1,341	1,096	165	144
Participation rate	39.6	35.2	39.5	34.9	39.9	36.9
Employed	1,459	1,198	1,298	1,057	161	142
Employment-population ratio	38.3	34.0	38.3	33.7	38.9	36.5
Unemployed	47	41	43	39	4	2
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.6	2.5	1.2
Not in labor force	2,298	2,286	2,050	2,041	248	245
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	241,504	246,775	110,732	113,430	130,772	133,345
Civilian labor force	156,949	159,811	80,388	82,090	76,561	77,721
Participation rate	65.0	64.8	72.6	72.4	58.5	58.3
Employed	151,271	153,607	77,265	78,830	74,006	74,777
Employment-population ratio	62.6	62.2	69.8	69.5	56.6	56.1
Unemployed	5,678	6,204	3,123	3,260	2,555	2,944
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.3	3.8
Not in labor force	84,555	86,964	30,344	31,339	54,211	55,624
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	People with a disability		People with no disability
	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	34,058	35,517	234,190	237,868
Civilian labor force	8,517	8,719	159,059	161,497
Participation rate	25.0	24.5	67.9	67.9
Employed	7,878	8,059	153,463	155,342
Employment-population ratio	23.1	22.7	65.5	65.3
Unemployed	639	660	5,595	6,155
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.6	3.5	3.8
Not in labor force	25,541	26,798	75,131	76,371
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,643	3,605	78,725	80,219
Participation rate	42.7	42.7	82.7	82.8
Employed	3,312	3,292	75,676	77,018
Employment-population ratio	38.9	39.0	79.5	79.5
Unemployed	331	313	3,048	3,201
Unemployment rate	9.1	8.7	3.9	4.0
Not in labor force	4,880	4,843	16,457	16,619
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	3,432	3,606	70,285	71,151
Participation rate	40.7	40.3	72.8	72.9
Employed	3,178	3,329	67,973	68,452
Employment-population ratio	37.7	37.2	70.4	70.1
Unemployed	253	277	2,312	2,699
Unemployment rate	7.4	7.7	3.3	3.8
Not in labor force	5,001	5,352	26,315	26,509
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,442	1,508	10,049	10,128
Participation rate	8.4	8.3	23.7	23.4
Employed	1,388	1,438	9,813	9,873
Employment-population ratio	8.1	7.9	23.1	22.8
Unemployed	55	70	235	255
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.7	2.3	2.5
Not in labor force	15,659	16,604	32,360	33,243
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	48,311	49,593	23,616	24,122	24,695	25,472
Civilian labor force	31,989	32,706	18,238	18,377	13,751	14,329
Participation rate	66.2	65.9	77.2	76.2	55.7	56.3
Employed	30,896	31,579	17,581	17,833	13,315	13,746
Employment-population ratio	64.0	63.7	74.4	73.9	53.9	54.0
Unemployed	1,093	1,127	657	544	436	583
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.0	3.2	4.1
Not in labor force	16,322	16,887	5,377	5,745	10,945	11,142
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	219,937	223,791	107,167	109,230	112,770	114,562
Civilian labor force	135,587	137,510	70,353	71,872	65,234	65,637
Participation rate	61.6	61.4	65.6	65.8	57.8	57.3
Employed	130,445	131,822	67,495	68,732	62,950	63,090
Employment-population ratio	59.3	58.9	63.0	62.9	55.8	55.1
Unemployed	5,141	5,688	2,857	3,140	2,284	2,548
Unemployment rate	3.8	4.1	4.1	4.4	3.5	3.9
Not in labor force	84,350	86,282	36,814	37,357	47,536	48,924
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,283	2,173	2,089	2,230	2,319	2,259	2,371	2,246	2,062
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,545	1,492	1,403	1,517	1,573	1,489	1,595	1,556	1,414
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	680	663	646	657	723	753	740	666	628
Unpaid family workers	59	19	40	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	159,058	161,895	161,312	158,936	161,357	160,930	160,920	161,591	161,223
Wage and salary workers(1)	149,507	152,587	151,760	149,448	152,363	152,034	151,946	152,265	151,789
Government	21,710	22,108	21,879	21,627	21,764	21,653	21,748	21,856	21,807
Private industries	127,797	130,479	129,881	127,773	130,742	130,414	130,227	130,408	129,957
Private households	617	596	556	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	127,180	129,884	129,325	127,120	130,025	129,816	129,585	129,731	129,357
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,502	9,253	9,508	9,395	9,103	8,946	9,055	9,281	9,385
Unpaid family workers	49	55	44	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,217	4,496	4,425	4,415	4,477	4,937	4,780	4,690	4,624
Slack work or business conditions	2,937	3,007	2,857	3,085	2,893	3,292	3,156	3,148	3,007
Could only find part-time work	1,025	1,272	1,369	1,064	1,195	1,253	1,255	1,260	1,385
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,754	23,425	22,710	22,631	22,299	22,435	22,625	22,723	22,588
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,152	4,430	4,367	4,333	4,416	4,899	4,717	4,622	4,548
Slack work or business conditions	2,892	2,962	2,806	3,025	2,857	3,273	3,125	3,103	2,941
Could only find part-time work	1,014	1,267	1,362	1,050	1,193	1,253	1,255	1,253	1,375
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	22,382	23,103	22,372	22,254	21,935	22,039	22,196	22,381	22,239
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	161,341	164,069	163,401	161,164	163,895	163,307	163,508	163,969	163,273
16 to 19 years	5,777	5,487	5,492	5,861	5,712	5,792	5,786	5,732	5,590
16 to 17 years	2,040	1,844	1,831	2,152	1,989	1,994	2,095	2,001	1,939
18 to 19 years	3,738	3,642	3,661	3,719	3,719	3,801	3,708	3,719	3,646
20 years and over	155,564	158,582	157,909	155,303	158,183	157,516	157,722	158,237	157,683
20 to 24 years	13,833	14,395	14,220	13,931	14,606	14,332	14,609	14,495	14,332
25 years and over	141,730	144,187	143,689	141,388	143,606	143,219	143,207	143,737	143,369
25 to 54 years	104,148	105,943	105,642	103,904	105,538	105,386	105,279	105,602	105,404
25 to 34 years	35,767	36,475	36,496	35,690	36,406	36,283	36,333	36,369	36,413
35 to 44 years	36,207	37,143	36,924	36,116	36,841	36,779	36,844	36,979	36,842
45 to 54 years	32,174	32,325	32,221	32,098	32,291	32,323	32,101	32,255	32,149
55 years and over	37,582	38,244	38,047	37,484	38,068	37,833	37,928	38,134	37,965
Men, 16 years and over	85,076	86,688	86,565	84,977	86,733	86,226	86,443	86,733	86,486
16 to 19 years	2,851	2,748	2,729	2,894	2,930	2,915	2,880	2,875	2,782
16 to 17 years	948	978	901	996	973	980	1,041	1,037	953
18 to 19 years	1,903	1,770	1,828	1,899	1,954	1,946	1,855	1,839	1,829
20 years and over	82,225	83,940	83,836	82,083	83,803	83,311	83,563	83,858	83,704
20 to 24 years	7,088	7,293	7,305	7,096	7,381	7,218	7,377	7,340	7,314
25 years and over	75,137	76,647	76,531	74,950	76,517	76,172	76,290	76,528	76,358
25 to 54 years	55,106	56,308	56,163	54,968	56,140	55,955	55,952	56,209	56,033
25 to 34 years	18,903	19,481	19,425	18,876	19,228	19,188	19,317	19,446	19,388
35 to 44 years	19,267	19,876	19,762	19,211	19,820	19,740	19,789	19,818	19,717
45 to 54 years	16,935	16,951	16,976	16,881	17,092	17,026	16,846	16,945	16,927
55 years and over	20,032	20,338	20,368	19,982	20,377	20,217	20,338	20,319	20,325
Women, 16 years and over	76,265	77,381	76,836	76,187	77,162	77,081	77,065	77,236	76,787
16 to 19 years	2,926	2,739	2,763	2,967	2,782	2,877	2,906	2,857	2,808
16 to 17 years	1,091	866	930	1,155	1,016	1,013	1,053	963	986
18 to 19 years	1,835	1,873	1,833	1,820	1,765	1,855	1,853	1,880	1,817
20 years and over	73,338	74,642	74,073	73,219	74,380	74,205	74,159	74,379	73,979
20 to 24 years	6,746	7,102	6,915	6,835	7,225	7,114	7,231	7,154	7,018
25 years and over	66,593	67,540	67,158	66,438	67,089	67,047	66,917	67,209	67,011
25 to 54 years	49,042	49,634	49,479	48,936	49,398	49,431	49,327	49,393	49,370
25 to 34 years	16,864	16,994	17,071	16,814	17,177	17,095	17,016	16,922	17,024
35 to 44 years	16,940	17,267	17,163	16,905	17,022	17,039	17,055	17,161	17,125
45 to 54 years	15,238	15,374	15,245	15,217	15,199	15,297	15,255	15,310	15,222
55 years and over	17,551	17,906	17,679	17,502	17,691	17,616	17,590	17,816	17,640
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,752	46,104	46,536	45,733	46,093	45,752	45,698	45,988	46,449
Married women, spouse present(1)	37,123	37,317	37,179	37,029	37,109	37,318	36,650	37,121	37,084
Women who maintain families(2)	9,950	9,919	10,009	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	133,402	134,994	134,927	133,296	135,896	134,676	135,135	135,463	134,840
Part-time workers(4)	27,939	29,075	28,474	28,031	27,901	28,511	28,467	28,524	28,557
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	8,352	8,831	8,501	8,402	8,764	8,860	8,936	8,866	8,583
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.4	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.3
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,787	6,980	6,695	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	10,181	9,916	10,154	10,051	9,827	9,700	9,794	9,947	10,013
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	6,635	7,166	7,237	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.2
16 to 19 years	827	853	866	12.4	11.8	12.9	13.7	13.0	13.4
16 to 17 years	342	336	329	13.7	13.4	16.0	15.3	14.4	14.5
18 to 19 years	485	507	531	11.5	10.9	11.1	12.8	12.0	12.7
20 years and over	5,808	6,313	6,371	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.9
20 to 24 years	1,193	1,299	1,283	7.9	7.9	8.3	7.5	8.2	8.2
25 years and over	4,611	5,026	5,053	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4
25 to 54 years	3,576	3,811	3,880	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.6
25 to 34 years	1,518	1,601	1,558	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.0	4.2	4.1
35 to 44 years	1,225	1,209	1,250	3.3	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
45 to 54 years	833	1,002	1,073	2.5	2.6	2.7	3.2	3.0	3.2
55 years and over	1,049	1,210	1,194	2.7	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.1	3.0
Men, 16 years and over	3,711	3,960	3,906	4.2	4.0	4.2	4.2	4.4	4.3
16 to 19 years	497	509	523	14.7	11.9	14.1	14.2	15.0	15.8
16 to 17 years	201	166	202	16.8	12.1	17.8	14.2	13.8	17.5
18 to 19 years	287	329	310	13.1	11.9	12.2	14.0	15.2	14.5
20 years and over	3,214	3,451	3,383	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.9
20 to 24 years	650	779	706	8.4	9.2	9.8	8.4	9.6	8.8
25 years and over	2,566	2,709	2,646	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
25 to 54 years	2,008	2,035	2,012	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.5
25 to 34 years	856	880	849	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.2
35 to 44 years	681	639	612	3.4	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.0
45 to 54 years	471	516	551	2.7	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.0	3.2
55 years and over	557	674	634	2.7	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.2	3.0
Women, 16 years and over	2,924	3,206	3,331	3.7	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.2
16 to 19 years	330	344	343	10.0	11.6	11.7	13.3	10.7	10.9
16 to 17 years	142	170	127	10.9	14.7	14.2	16.4	15.0	11.4
18 to 19 years	198	179	221	9.8	9.8	9.9	11.5	8.7	10.8
20 years and over	2,595	2,862	2,989	3.4	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.7	3.9
20 to 24 years	543	519	577	7.4	6.6	6.7	6.6	6.8	7.6
25 years and over	2,045	2,317	2,407	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.5
25 to 54 years	1,568	1,776	1,868	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6
25 to 34 years	662	720	708	3.8	4.1	4.6	3.6	4.1	4.0
35 to 44 years	544	570	638	3.1	3.3	3.5	3.5	3.2	3.6
45 to 54 years	362	486	522	2.3	2.5	2.6	3.3	3.1	3.3
55 years and over	481	534	548	2.7	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	887	1,089	1,079	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.3	2.3
Married women, spouse present(1)	813	883	982	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.6
Women who maintain families(2)	454	547	629	4.4	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.2	5.9
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	5,443	5,965	5,882	3.9	4.0	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.2
Part-time workers(4)	1,184	1,233	1,317	4.1	4.2	4.4	4.5	4.1	4.4
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	2,836	3,219	3,094	3,213	3,235	3,316	3,313	3,455	3,457
On temporary layoff	556	704	602	836	835	817	811	867	874
Not on temporary layoff	2,279	2,515	2,492	2,378	2,400	2,499	2,502	2,588	2,583
Permanent job losers	1,724	1,903	1,890	1,757	1,708	1,748	1,810	1,918	1,916
People who completed temporary jobs	555	612	602	620	693	751	692	670	668
Job leavers	670	809	652	720	912	918	870	855	704
Reentrants	2,105	1,985	2,355	2,060	2,124	2,208	2,176	2,235	2,288
New entrants	624	568	713	646	659	662	739	701	725
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	45.5	48.9	45.4	48.4	46.7	46.7	46.7	47.7	48.2
On temporary layoff	8.9	10.7	8.8	12.6	12.0	11.5	11.4	12.0	12.2
Not on temporary layoff	36.6	38.2	36.6	35.8	34.6	35.2	35.3	35.7	36.0
Job leavers	10.7	12.3	9.6	10.8	13.2	12.9	12.3	11.8	9.8
Reentrants	33.8	30.2	34.6	31.0	30.7	31.1	30.7	30.8	31.9
New entrants	10.0	8.6	10.5	9.7	9.5	9.3	10.4	9.7	10.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.0
Job leavers	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
Reentrants	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,275	1,793	2,431	2,309	2,290	2,337	2,362	2,187	2,451
5 to 14 weeks	1,578	1,923	1,821	1,922	1,935	2,152	2,146	2,269	2,208
15 weeks and over	2,382	2,865	2,563	2,312	2,604	2,486	2,501	2,662	2,495
15 to 26 weeks	1,049	1,171	1,122	964	1,161	1,031	1,006	987	1,039
27 weeks and over	1,333	1,694	1,441	1,348	1,443	1,455	1,495	1,675	1,457
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	22.0	24.9	22.6	21.2	22.0	21.3	22.8	23.2	21.8
Median duration, in weeks	9.3	12.0	9.7	9.0	10.4	10.0	9.8	10.4	9.5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	36.5	27.2	35.7	35.3	33.5	33.5	33.7	30.7	34.3
5 to 14 weeks	25.3	29.2	26.7	29.4	28.3	30.9	30.6	31.9	30.9
15 weeks and over	38.2	43.5	37.6	35.3	38.1	35.6	35.7	37.4	34.9
15 to 26 weeks	16.8	17.8	16.5	14.7	17.0	14.8	14.4	13.9	14.5
27 weeks and over	21.4	25.7	21.1	20.6	21.1	20.9	21.3	23.5	20.4
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	161,341	163,401	6,235	6,815	3.7	4.0
Management, professional, and related occupations	70,897	70,912	1,423	1,719	2.0	2.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	30,910	30,819	631	819	2.0	2.6
Professional and related occupations	39,987	40,093	792	900	1.9	2.2
Service occupations	26,837	27,682	1,405	1,407	5.0	4.8
Sales and office occupations	29,579	30,267	1,048	1,272	3.4	4.0
Sales and related occupations	14,129	14,152	566	662	3.8	4.5
Office and administrative support occupations	15,451	16,115	482	611	3.0	3.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,235	14,851	656	587	4.4	3.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	916	1,010	110	72	10.7	6.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,382	8,833	415	342	4.7	3.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,937	5,008	131	173	2.6	3.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,792	19,689	1,057	1,113	5.1	5.4
Production occupations	8,080	7,947	352	385	4.2	4.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,712	11,742	705	728	5.7	5.8
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed people (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025
Total, 16 years and over(1)	6,235	6,815	3.7	4.0
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	4,872	5,228	3.7	3.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	19	23	3.1	4.2
Construction	406	373	3.9	3.5
Manufacturing	398	547	2.7	3.6
Durable goods	188	356	2.0	3.6
Nondurable goods	210	191	3.9	3.7
Wholesale and retail trade	718	1,005	3.7	5.1
Transportation and utilities	413	322	5.0	3.9
Information	119	143	4.7	5.5
Financial activities	286	281	2.8	2.7
Professional and business services	726	673	3.7	3.4
Education and health services	745	750	2.9	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	824	891	5.9	6.4
Other services	219	221	3.4	3.2
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	116	97	7.3	6.6
Government workers	410	455	1.8	2.0
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	212	322	2.0	3.1
Footnotes (1) People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2024	Apr. 2025	May 2025	May 2024	Jan. 2025	Feb. 2025	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025	May 2025
U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5
U-2 Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.0
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	3.7	3.9	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.2
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.5
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other people marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all people marginally attached to the labor force	7.1	7.3	7.4	7.4	7.5	8.0	7.9	7.8	7.8
NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025	May 2024	May 2025
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,672	103,169	42,191	43,102	58,481	60,067
People who currently want a job	6,259	6,567	3,096	3,148	3,163	3,419
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,481	1,500	796	782	685	718
Discouraged workers(2)	445	352	273	197	172	155
Other people marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,036	1,148	523	585	513	563
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	8,352	8,501	4,144	4,152	4,208	4,350
Percent of total employed	5.2	5.2	4.9	4.8	5.5	5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,736	4,678	2,570	2,500	2,165	2,177
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,058	2,344	758	842	1,300	1,503
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	395	404	195	271	200	133
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,080	980	586	499	494	481
Footnotes (1) Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	Change from: Apr.2025 - May2025(p)
Total nonfarm	158,256	158,402	159,238	159,964	157,828	159,275	159,422	159,561	139
Total private	134,665	134,491	135,300	136,127	134,505	135,682	135,828	135,968	140
Goods-producing	21,690	21,404	21,560	21,718	21,661	21,691	21,705	21,700	-5
Mining and logging	624	619	621	624	624	624	626	625	-1
Logging	38.1	38.4	37.4	37.1	40.0	38.9	39.5	39.1	-0.4
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	585.9	580.4	584.0	587.3	583.8	585.3	586.3	585.4	-0.9
Oil and gas extraction	121.9	121.6	121.7	122.2	122.7	122.3	122.7	122.9	0.2
Mining (except oil and gas)	194.1	188.7	190.8	194.5	192.4	192.1	192.0	192.6	0.6
Coal mining	43.2	41.1	40.9	41.2	42.9	41.2	41.0	40.9	-0.1
Metal ore mining	44.8	45.0	44.4	44.3	44.8	45.0	44.5	44.3	-0.2
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	106.1	102.6	105.5	109.0	104.8	105.9	106.5	107.4	0.9
Support activities for mining	269.9	270.1	271.5	270.6	268.7	270.9	271.6	269.9	-1.7
Construction	8,237	8,071	8,218	8,354	8,188	8,303	8,310	8,314	4
Construction of buildings	1,847.1	1,842.8	1,857.1	1,881.5	1,851.3	1,876.1	1,879.3	1,886.0	6.7
Residential building construction	943.4	940.5	948.6	963.8	942.6	957.9	959.2	962.8	3.6
Nonresidential building construction	903.7	902.3	908.5	917.7	908.7	918.2	920.1	923.2	3.1
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,178.3	1,118.7	1,163.5	1,206.8	1,149.6	1,178.3	1,176.1	1,179.8	3.7
Specialty trade contractors	5,211.9	5,109.1	5,197.8	5,265.2	5,187.4	5,248.4	5,254.5	5,248.0	-6.5
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,418.6	2,322.9	2,365.1	2,390.1	2,401.4	2,387.1	2,391.2	2,380.2	-11.0
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,793.3	2,786.2	2,832.7	2,875.1	2,786.0	2,861.3	2,863.3	2,867.8	4.5
Manufacturing	12,829	12,714	12,721	12,740	12,849	12,764	12,769	12,761	-8
Durable goods	7,986	7,882	7,890	7,895	7,997	7,907	7,913	7,906	-7
Wood product manufacturing	418.4	413.1	414.5	414.7	419.6	414.8	415.8	415.8	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	422.0	423.5	429.9	432.9	420.3	430.1	432.0	431.5	-0.5
Primary metal manufacturing	374.2	375.7	375.9	378.5	374.4	376.2	376.8	378.1	1.3
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	1,445.1	1,434.1	1,436.6	1,440.9	1,445.4	1,436.3	1,439.2	1,440.5	1.3
Machinery manufacturing	1,122.9	1,114.1	1,116.3	1,108.7	1,122.9	1,115.6	1,118.0	1,110.7	-7.3
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	1,027.5	1,007.2	1,001.8	1,003.2	1,030.7	1,010.2	1,006.5	1,006.2	-0.3
Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing	110.0	109.4	108.4	108.7	110.1	109.9	109.2	108.9	-0.3
Communications equipment manufacturing	83.5	82.1	81.7	82.5	83.6	82.2	82.0	82.3	0.3
Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing	393.4	378.5	376.6	376.2	394.9	379.6	378.6	377.7	-0.9
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing	411.0	409.4	407.3	407.5	412.7	410.3	408.6	409.1	0.5
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing	29.6	27.8	27.8	28.3	29.5	28.3	28.2	28.3	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	415.3	405.3	405.6	407.6	416.4	406.1	407.0	408.1	1.1
Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)	1,799.6	1,761.0	1,760.2	1,757.9	1,806.9	1,767.9	1,767.1	1,767.0	-0.1
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	1,020.6	1,000.5	999.3	997.5	1,022.1	1,002.5	999.3	999.7	0.4
Furniture and related product manufacturing	344.6	336.8	338.4	338.3	344.5	336.7	338.1	337.1	-1.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	616.8	610.7	610.9	612.0	615.9	612.6	612.1	611.4	-0.7
Nondurable goods	4,843	4,832	4,831	4,845	4,852	4,857	4,856	4,855	-1
Food manufacturing	1,754.0	1,759.2	1,759.9	1,767.2	1,766.8	1,772.5	1,775.8	1,779.7	3.9
Textile mills	87.0	85.7	85.5	85.1	87.2	85.8	85.4	85.1	-0.3
Textile product mills	101.2	99.3	98.4	99.7	101.1	99.1	98.3	99.3	1.0
Apparel manufacturing	85.0	83.0	83.3	83.2	84.4	83.7	83.3	82.6	-0.7
Paper manufacturing	349.4	354.9	355.9	354.5	349.4	354.7	356.5	355.0	-1.5
Printing and related support activities	358.9	351.4	350.9	350.4	358.8	352.1	351.3	350.7	-0.6
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	111.9	106.9	107.1	107.9	109.7	108.4	107.1	106.1	-1.0
Chemical manufacturing	898.1	902.6	899.9	901.0	898.0	901.8	901.2	900.7	-0.5
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	729.8	720.8	718.4	718.0	728.7	721.3	719.1	717.4	-1.7
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing	368.1	368.1	371.2	377.7	368.0	377.9	378.3	378.0	-0.3
Private service-providing	112,975	113,087	113,740	114,409	112,844	113,991	114,123	114,268	145
Trade, transportation, and utilities	28,794	28,862	28,848	28,954	28,935	29,101	29,093	29,097	4
Wholesale trade	6,134.8	6,153.6	6,164.6	6,182.4	6,132.1	6,176.7	6,180.3	6,182.8	2.5
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods	3,430.4	3,458.4	3,459.4	3,462.7	3,431.7	3,467.0	3,467.5	3,466.2	-1.3
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods	2,213.3	2,209.7	2,219.9	2,231.9	2,207.5	2,221.3	2,224.9	2,227.1	2.2
Wholesale trade agents and brokers	491.1	485.5	485.3	487.8	492.9	488.4	487.9	489.5	1.6
Retail trade	15,487.1	15,429.1	15,461.1	15,508.6	15,558.5	15,585.8	15,583.1	15,576.6	-6.5
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	2,053.5	2,056.0	2,060.4	2,064.2	2,050.7	2,063.0	2,061.6	2,061.8	0.2
Automobile dealers	1,286.5	1,297.2	1,295.4	1,298.9	1,286.8	1,298.8	1,297.2	1,299.3	2.1
Other motor vehicle dealers	175.3	163.3	164.5	166.6	169.6	166.1	164.1	161.5	-2.6
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers	591.7	595.5	600.5	598.7	594.4	598.0	600.3	601.0	0.7
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers	1,468.2	1,385.2	1,420.8	1,441.6	1,416.6	1,390.6	1,391.6	1,389.0	-2.6
Food and beverage retailers	3,208.4	3,221.0	3,225.5	3,233.3	3,223.5	3,240.0	3,247.0	3,247.5	0.5
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers	787.0	791.0	785.3	778.2	802.3	796.5	795.6	794.2	-1.4
Furniture and home furnishings retailers	402.0	408.5	403.9	399.5	408.0	408.9	407.5	405.6	-1.9
Electronics and appliance retailers	385.0	382.5	381.4	378.7	394.3	387.6	388.1	388.7	0.6
General merchandise retailers	3,213.9	3,256.1	3,254.3	3,256.0	3,263.1	3,302.4	3,301.9	3,303.2	1.3
Department stores	983.2	993.9	988.0	980.4	1,015.2	1,016.5	1,015.1	1,013.9	-1.2
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers	2,230.7	2,262.2	2,266.3	2,275.6	2,248.0	2,285.9	2,286.8	2,289.3	2.5
Health and personal care retailers	1,085.4	1,087.3	1,080.5	1,076.0	1,094.1	1,090.6	1,088.6	1,085.0	-3.6
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers	1,053.5	1,049.8	1,050.5	1,056.0	1,054.1	1,059.9	1,057.8	1,057.3	-0.5
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers	1,112.3	1,099.6	1,093.5	1,104.6	1,144.7	1,130.5	1,129.7	1,131.8	2.1
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers	1,504.9	1,483.1	1,490.3	1,498.7	1,509.4	1,512.3	1,509.3	1,506.8	-2.5
Transportation and warehousing	6,581.9	6,683.7	6,629.4	6,665.5	6,653.3	6,742.1	6,734.0	6,739.8	5.8
Air transportation	563.8	574.1	578.1	582.5	565.2	575.0	579.1	582.8	3.7
Rail transportation	157.7	153.8	153.9	153.9	157.4	153.4	153.5	153.7	0.2
Water transportation	72.0	68.1	69.8	72.7	70.5	70.2	70.6	70.9	0.3
Truck transportation	1,519.9	1,501.2	1,510.9	1,523.5	1,521.6	1,524.1	1,526.3	1,525.4	-0.9
Transit and ground passenger transportation	487.4	501.2	503.5	507.4	471.6	488.3	490.0	491.8	1.8
Pipeline transportation	55.3	59.2	59.9	60.4	55.0	59.0	59.6	59.9	0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	34.5	24.6	28.0	36.8	31.7	31.5	32.7	33.4	0.7
Support activities for transportation	835.0	842.7	848.2	849.0	837.1	846.6	853.0	851.3	-1.7
Couriers and messengers	1,027.6	1,132.6	1,057.9	1,069.6	1,093.6	1,161.6	1,137.1	1,143.6	6.5
Warehousing and storage	1,828.7	1,826.2	1,819.2	1,809.7	1,849.6	1,832.4	1,832.1	1,827.0	-5.1
Utilities	589.7	595.7	593.3	597.1	590.8	596.8	595.3	597.5	2.2
Information	2,939	2,921	2,921	2,928	2,953	2,938	2,938	2,940	2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	404.6	398.2	403.7	412.8	401.5	408.8	409.8	409.6	-0.2
Publishing industries	909.3	916.0	913.1	912.9	917.1	920.7	919.7	919.8	0.1
Broadcasting and content providers	341.4	332.0	335.2	336.2	342.1	332.9	335.1	336.0	0.9
Telecommunications	621.3	605.2	601.6	596.7	623.4	604.0	603.3	599.4	-3.9
Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services	481.2	487.1	485.1	486.9	485.8	489.2	487.6	490.8	3.2
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services	181.2	182.4	182.3	182.6	183.0	182.5	182.7	184.5	1.8
Financial activities	9,126	9,180	9,186	9,223	9,159	9,238	9,241	9,254	13
Finance and insurance	6,673.0	6,724.3	6,716.0	6,725.1	6,698.6	6,743.8	6,741.0	6,749.4	8.4
Monetary authorities-central bank	20.4	21.3	21.3	21.2	20.5	21.4	21.4	21.3	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,565.6	2,554.1	2,550.7	2,554.3	2,569.1	2,555.8	2,555.8	2,557.0	1.2
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,781.2	1,774.1	1,769.3	1,771.7	1,785.0	1,773.8	1,773.1	1,775.2	2.1
Commercial banking	1,375.8	1,363.6	1,359.4	1,359.3	1,378.2	1,362.6	1,361.7	1,361.8	0.1
Nondepository credit intermediation	505.1	504.7	506.4	506.6	505.1	506.8	507.7	506.7	-1.0
Activities related to credit intermediation	279.3	275.3	275.0	276.0	279.1	275.2	275.0	275.2	0.2
Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities	1,103.2	1,126.9	1,130.0	1,129.7	1,113.7	1,136.4	1,138.4	1,140.4	2.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,983.8	3,022.0	3,014.0	3,019.9	2,995.3	3,030.2	3,025.4	3,030.7	5.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,453.4	2,455.9	2,469.5	2,497.9	2,460.2	2,494.2	2,499.9	2,504.1	4.2
Real estate	1,857.1	1,858.5	1,865.7	1,879.2	1,863.1	1,880.8	1,883.4	1,884.7	1.3
Rental and leasing services	573.9	574.6	580.9	595.7	574.6	590.3	593.4	596.3	2.9
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)	22.4	22.8	22.9	23.0	22.5	23.1	23.1	23.1	0.0
Professional and business services	22,682	22,351	22,571	22,618	22,656	22,583	22,593	22,575	-18
Professional, scientific, and technical services	10,792.0	10,844.5	10,882.4	10,827.1	10,824.5	10,858.7	10,861.8	10,859.9	-1.9
Legal services	1,190.4	1,186.6	1,187.3	1,191.8	1,193.9	1,194.5	1,194.4	1,195.5	1.1
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services	1,142.9	1,223.9	1,215.2	1,138.3	1,158.7	1,147.0	1,146.6	1,149.7	3.1
Architectural, engineering, and related services	1,697.6	1,716.7	1,728.6	1,739.2	1,700.1	1,740.6	1,744.3	1,743.3	-1.0
Specialized design services	148.8	147.9	147.6	147.4	149.4	149.8	148.6	148.5	-0.1
Computer systems design and related services	2,441.7	2,404.8	2,429.9	2,430.6	2,444.2	2,429.9	2,432.4	2,433.1	0.7
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services	1,856.1	1,862.4	1,871.3	1,877.0	1,863.0	1,878.9	1,881.7	1,883.3	1.6
Scientific research and development services	934.7	936.8	932.7	930.4	936.9	942.0	937.6	933.7	-3.9
Advertising, public relations, and related services	498.6	490.2	490.2	488.8	497.4	492.1	490.7	488.6	-2.1
Other professional, scientific, and technical services	881.2	875.2	879.6	883.6	880.9	883.9	885.5	884.3	-1.2
Management of companies and enterprises	2,603.3	2,618.6	2,617.9	2,622.9	2,614.5	2,626.4	2,628.5	2,633.2	4.7
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	9,286.8	8,887.9	9,070.9	9,168.3	9,216.6	9,098.3	9,102.3	9,081.7	-20.6
Administrative and support services	8,776.5	8,375.3	8,551.3	8,645.9	8,705.2	8,579.2	8,580.1	8,558.2	-21.9
Office administrative services	616.4	618.4	618.3	623.3	617.7	622.6	620.0	624.3	4.3
Facilities support services	182.0	184.8	185.2	185.2	181.1	185.7	185.7	185.2	-0.5
Employment services(1)	3,364.9	3,185.1	3,214.5	3,242.6	3,364.9	3,241.0	3,240.4	3,223.7	-16.7
Temporary help services	2,646.2	2,486.2	2,513.7	2,531.4	2,645.7	2,527.3	2,530.4	2,510.2	-20.2
Business support services	687.4	657.8	656.0	650.4	695.7	662.0	660.2	657.9	-2.3
Travel arrangement and reservation services	188.6	193.4	196.0	196.3	187.3	195.0	196.6	195.4	-1.2
Investigation and security services	1,025.7	1,020.1	1,028.1	1,028.4	1,024.0	1,025.6	1,029.8	1,028.3	-1.5
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,370.3	2,184.1	2,318.6	2,382.5	2,299.0	2,312.9	2,314.6	2,312.0	-2.6
Other support services	341.2	331.6	334.6	337.2	335.4	334.3	332.9	331.3	-1.6
Waste management and remediation services	510.3	512.6	519.6	522.4	511.4	519.1	522.2	523.5	1.3
Private education and health services	26,375	27,222	27,337	27,296	26,387	27,123	27,223	27,310	87
Private educational services	3,971.1	4,128.8	4,168.4	4,041.6	3,952.4	3,996.7	4,012.3	4,021.0	8.7
Health care and social assistance	22,403.8	23,093.6	23,168.5	23,254.0	22,434.7	23,125.8	23,210.9	23,289.2	78.3
Health care(3)	17,541.3	18,050.7	18,015.4	18,064.8	17,590.3	18,079.8	18,062.4	18,124.6	62.2
Ambulatory health care services	8,737.5	8,968.5	8,922.6	8,950.2	8,747.6	8,981.6	8,942.1	8,970.8	28.7
Offices of physicians	2,957.2	3,026.0	3,033.1	3,045.1	2,965.1	3,035.2	3,042.3	3,052.1	9.8
Offices of dentists	1,042.2	1,047.2	1,046.5	1,050.4	1,042.8	1,052.8	1,051.9	1,051.9	0.0
Offices of other health practitioners	1,225.2	1,266.6	1,276.8	1,283.8	1,224.6	1,271.8	1,278.2	1,283.5	5.3
Outpatient care centers	1,110.6	1,113.6	1,116.6	1,116.3	1,114.7	1,113.9	1,119.4	1,121.4	2.0
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	309.8	308.5	305.2	304.4	309.4	307.6	304.3	304.1	-0.2
Home health care services	1,737.3	1,845.4	1,783.2	1,791.3	1,734.2	1,839.6	1,784.8	1,797.1	12.3
Other ambulatory health care services	355.2	361.2	361.2	358.9	356.8	360.7	361.1	360.7	-0.4
Hospitals	5,507.5	5,684.9	5,691.0	5,709.3	5,537.2	5,692.2	5,708.5	5,738.4	29.9
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,296.3	3,397.3	3,401.8	3,405.3	3,305.5	3,406.0	3,411.8	3,415.4	3.6
Skilled nursing care facilities	1,479.7	1,527.9	1,530.5	1,535.5	1,489.0	1,534.0	1,537.5	1,543.8	6.3
Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities	667.4	692.0	693.9	693.7	668.0	693.8	695.6	694.7	-0.9
Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly	986.4	1,006.8	1,004.6	1,003.3	985.4	1,007.5	1,005.5	1,003.9	-1.6
Other residential care facilities	162.8	170.6	172.8	172.8	163.1	170.7	173.2	173.1	-0.1
Social assistance	4,862.5	5,042.9	5,153.1	5,189.2	4,844.4	5,046.0	5,148.5	5,164.6	16.1
Individual and family services	3,232.5	3,408.5	3,512.8	3,538.0	3,234.8	3,420.2	3,519.2	3,534.8	15.6
Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services	232.7	239.9	241.2	242.4	233.4	239.7	241.2	242.6	1.4
Vocational rehabilitation services	286.2	283.6	281.7	282.8	284.6	284.3	282.9	282.0	-0.9
Child care services	1,111.1	1,110.9	1,117.4	1,126.0	1,091.5	1,101.8	1,105.2	1,105.2	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	17,076	16,558	16,858	17,331	16,791	16,976	17,005	17,053	48
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,702.4	2,524.8	2,629.9	2,788.4	2,625.9	2,691.6	2,694.1	2,710.7	16.6
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries	607.9	595.2	634.6	660.1	576.7	624.4	622.4	629.5	7.1
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	182.5	174.8	178.4	185.4	178.6	182.8	182.2	182.0	-0.2
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries	1,912.0	1,754.8	1,816.9	1,942.9	1,870.6	1,884.4	1,889.5	1,899.2	9.7
Accommodation and food services	14,373.9	14,033.2	14,228.2	14,542.2	14,164.7	14,284.4	14,311.2	14,342.6	31.4
Accommodation	1,947.6	1,881.0	1,907.7	1,968.5	1,929.5	1,947.4	1,951.1	1,952.3	1.2
Food services and drinking places	12,426.3	12,152.2	12,320.5	12,573.7	12,235.2	12,337.0	12,360.1	12,390.3	30.2
Other services	5,983	5,993	6,019	6,059	5,963	6,032	6,030	6,039	9
Repair and maintenance	1,475.7	1,479.0	1,485.5	1,492.6	1,470.5	1,483.6	1,483.7	1,486.3	2.6
Personal and laundry services	1,594.2	1,603.3	1,616.3	1,631.5	1,580.8	1,617.3	1,617.4	1,620.6	3.2
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations	2,913.1	2,910.2	2,916.8	2,934.5	2,911.4	2,930.8	2,929.2	2,932.2	3.0
Government	23,591	23,911	23,938	23,837	23,323	23,593	23,594	23,593	-1
Federal	2,998	2,990	2,977	2,950	2,998	2,991	2,978	2,956	-22
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,391.2	2,390.4	2,372.9	2,359.6	2,390.4	2,392.7	2,379.2	2,363.4	-15.8
U.S. Postal Service	606.7	599.5	604.2	590.2	607.2	598.6	599.2	592.5	-6.7
State government	5,412	5,664	5,679	5,501	5,420	5,515	5,518	5,518	0
State government education	2,587.1	2,780.4	2,790.1	2,603.6	2,596.8	2,622.7	2,623.6	2,620.7	-2.9
State government, excluding education	2,824.4	2,883.3	2,888.5	2,897.6	2,823.1	2,892.4	2,894.7	2,897.6	2.9
Local government	15,181	15,257	15,282	15,386	14,905	15,087	15,098	15,119	21
Local government education	8,396.4	8,494.2	8,483.8	8,485.0	8,120.5	8,211.6	8,216.3	8,216.0	-0.3
Local government, excluding education	6,784.4	6,762.8	6,798.0	6,900.8	6,784.6	6,875.5	6,881.6	6,902.5	20.9
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.3	34.3	34.3	34.3
Goods-producing	39.8	39.9	39.8	39.8
Mining and logging	44.5	44.2	44.8	44.7
Construction	39.0	39.2	39.0	39.0
Manufacturing	40.2	40.2	40.0	40.1
Durable goods	40.6	40.7	40.5	40.6
Nondurable goods	39.5	39.4	39.2	39.4
Private service-providing	33.2	33.2	33.3	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.8	34.0	34.1	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.2	39.3	39.1
Retail trade	29.6	29.7	29.9	29.7
Transportation and warehousing	37.9	38.4	38.5	38.4
Utilities	42.5	42.3	42.0	42.3
Information	36.6	37.1	37.1	36.8
Financial activities	37.6	37.7	37.6	37.6
Professional and business services	36.4	36.4	36.5	36.5
Private education and health services	33.1	32.8	32.9	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	25.5	25.5	25.5	25.7
Other services	32.2	31.9	31.9	31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9
Durable goods	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9
Nondurable goods	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.8
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)
Total private	$34.89	$36.02	$36.09	$36.24	$1,196.73	$1,235.49	$1,237.89	$1,243.03
Goods-producing	35.54	36.85	36.85	36.99	1,414.49	1,470.32	1,466.63	1,472.20
Mining and logging	39.62	40.20	40.11	40.28	1,763.09	1,776.84	1,796.93	1,800.52
Construction	38.00	39.21	39.31	39.42	1,482.00	1,537.03	1,533.09	1,537.38
Manufacturing	33.80	35.17	35.11	35.28	1,358.76	1,413.83	1,404.40	1,414.73
Durable goods	35.73	37.39	37.25	37.42	1,450.64	1,521.77	1,508.63	1,519.25
Nondurable goods	30.51	31.45	31.50	31.68	1,205.15	1,239.13	1,234.80	1,248.19
Private service-providing	34.74	35.83	35.91	36.07	1,153.37	1,189.56	1,195.80	1,197.52
Trade, transportation, and utilities	29.93	30.70	30.76	30.85	1,011.63	1,043.80	1,048.92	1,048.90
Wholesale trade	37.60	38.35	38.53	38.75	1,470.16	1,503.32	1,514.23	1,515.13
Retail trade	24.44	25.24	25.27	25.26	723.42	749.63	755.57	750.22
Transportation and warehousing	30.55	31.21	31.33	31.39	1,157.85	1,198.46	1,206.21	1,205.38
Utilities	50.97	52.15	51.85	51.89	2,166.23	2,205.95	2,177.70	2,194.95
Information	49.46	51.43	51.87	52.55	1,810.24	1,908.05	1,924.38	1,933.84
Financial activities	45.48	47.02	47.17	47.48	1,710.05	1,772.65	1,773.59	1,785.25
Professional and business services	41.96	43.68	43.76	44.01	1,527.34	1,589.95	1,597.24	1,606.37
Private education and health services	34.20	35.13	35.23	35.39	1,132.02	1,152.26	1,159.07	1,160.79
Leisure and hospitality	21.94	22.70	22.72	22.76	559.47	578.85	579.36	584.93
Other services	31.67	32.36	32.41	32.51	1,019.77	1,032.28	1,033.88	1,037.07
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
Total private	115.8	116.8	117.0	117.1	0.1	193.2	201.2	201.8	202.8	0.5
Goods-producing	98.2	98.6	98.4	98.4	0.0	157.8	164.3	164.0	164.6	0.4
Mining and logging	87.3	86.7	88.1	87.8	-0.3	138.8	139.9	141.9	142.0	0.1
Construction	110.1	112.2	111.7	111.8	0.1	181.7	191.1	190.8	191.4	0.3
Manufacturing	93.0	92.4	91.9	92.1	0.2	146.2	151.1	150.1	151.1	0.7
Durable goods	91.4	90.6	90.3	90.4	0.1	145.1	150.5	149.4	150.3	0.6
Nondurable goods	95.7	95.5	95.0	95.5	0.5	148.1	152.4	151.9	153.5	1.1
Private service-providing	120.6	121.8	122.3	122.1	-0.2	203.6	212.2	213.5	214.1	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.9	108.1	108.4	108.1	-0.3	172.5	179.0	179.8	179.8	0.0
Wholesale trade	105.8	106.8	107.1	106.6	-0.5	166.3	171.3	172.7	172.8	0.1
Retail trade	93.7	94.2	94.8	94.2	-0.6	151.5	157.2	158.5	157.3	-0.8
Transportation and warehousing	144.9	148.8	149.0	148.7	-0.2	225.2	236.2	237.4	237.5	0.0
Utilities	108.7	109.3	108.2	109.4	1.1	183.0	188.2	185.4	187.5	1.1
Information	98.7	99.6	99.6	98.8	-0.8	173.9	182.3	183.9	184.9	0.5
Financial activities	112.8	114.1	113.8	114.0	0.2	200.1	209.2	209.4	211.1	0.8
Professional and business services	129.0	128.6	129.0	128.9	-0.1	219.2	227.4	228.6	229.7	0.5
Private education and health services	142.7	145.3	146.3	146.3	0.0	234.7	245.6	247.9	249.1	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	122.2	123.5	123.7	125.0	1.1	216.2	226.2	226.8	229.6	1.2
Other services	110.7	110.9	110.9	111.1	0.2	192.2	196.8	197.0	197.9	0.5
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)
Total nonfarm	78,741	79,429	79,544	79,617	49.9	49.9	49.9	49.9
Total private	65,119	65,635	65,742	65,810	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.4
Goods-producing	4,977	4,970	4,965	4,957	23.0	22.9	22.9	22.8
Mining and logging	87	87	88	87	13.9	13.9	14.1	13.9
Construction	1,166	1,200	1,200	1,200	14.2	14.5	14.4	14.4
Manufacturing	3,724	3,683	3,677	3,670	29.0	28.9	28.8	28.8
Durable goods	1,973	1,930	1,933	1,930	24.7	24.4	24.4	24.4
Nondurable goods	1,751	1,753	1,744	1,740	36.1	36.1	35.9	35.8
Private service-providing	60,142	60,665	60,777	60,853	53.3	53.2	53.3	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,229	11,265	11,271	11,261	38.8	38.7	38.7	38.7
Wholesale trade	1,859.8	1,884.1	1,887.6	1,881.2	30.3	30.5	30.5	30.4
Retail trade	7,456.1	7,453.5	7,452.8	7,445.1	47.9	47.8	47.8	47.8
Transportation and warehousing	1,758.3	1,773.0	1,776.0	1,779.5	26.4	26.3	26.4	26.4
Utilities	154.9	154.5	154.4	155.2	26.2	25.9	25.9	26.0
Information	1,182	1,171	1,172	1,173	40.0	39.9	39.9	39.9
Financial activities	5,095	5,088	5,081	5,083	55.6	55.1	55.0	54.9
Professional and business services	10,387	10,235	10,237	10,213	45.8	45.3	45.3	45.2
Private education and health services	20,256	20,781	20,867	20,942	76.8	76.6	76.7	76.7
Leisure and hospitality	8,795	8,873	8,893	8,922	52.4	52.3	52.3	52.3
Other services	3,198	3,252	3,256	3,259	53.6	53.9	54.0	54.0
Government	13,622	13,794	13,802	13,807	58.4	58.5	58.5	58.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)
Total private	109,491	110,555	110,665	110,742
Goods-producing	15,421	15,398	15,408	15,411
Mining and logging	484	466	465	464
Construction	5,981	6,023	6,034	6,047
Manufacturing	8,956	8,909	8,909	8,900
Durable goods	5,443	5,366	5,367	5,355
Nondurable goods	3,513	3,543	3,542	3,545
Private service-providing	94,070	95,157	95,257	95,331
Trade, transportation, and utilities	24,427	24,655	24,649	24,628
Wholesale trade	4,835.8	4,891.6	4,893.6	4,897.2
Retail trade	13,303.9	13,382.0	13,386.8	13,369.0
Transportation and warehousing	5,816.6	5,908.8	5,897.6	5,889.0
Utilities	470.3	473.0	471.3	472.6
Information	2,366	2,345	2,345	2,346
Financial activities	6,906	6,990	6,994	7,009
Professional and business services	17,845	17,714	17,720	17,679
Private education and health services	23,011	23,762	23,837	23,910
Leisure and hospitality	14,667	14,794	14,816	14,856
Other services	4,848	4,897	4,896	4,903
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.8	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	40.7	40.8	40.7	40.7
Mining and logging	47.1	44.7	45.4	44.7
Construction	39.8	40.0	40.0	40.0
Manufacturing	40.9	41.1	40.9	41.0
Durable goods	41.1	41.4	41.1	41.2
Nondurable goods	40.6	40.7	40.5	40.7
Private service-providing	32.6	32.6	32.6	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	34.1	34.3	34.1
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.1	39.2	39.2
Retail trade	30.2	30.3	30.5	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	37.4	37.9	38.2	38.0
Utilities	42.6	42.4	42.2	42.7
Information	36.1	35.8	35.7	35.8
Financial activities	37.0	37.3	37.4	37.3
Professional and business services	36.3	36.4	36.4	36.4
Private education and health services	32.2	31.9	31.8	31.8
Leisure and hospitality	24.2	24.8	24.2	24.3
Other services	31.3	30.9	31.0	30.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.7
Durable goods	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.7
Nondurable goods	3.8	3.8	3.7	3.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)
Total private	$29.97	$30.97	$31.06	$31.18	$1,009.99	$1,046.79	$1,046.72	$1,050.77
Goods-producing	30.92	32.19	32.23	32.36	1,258.44	1,313.35	1,311.76	1,317.05
Mining and logging	36.37	37.28	37.33	37.40	1,713.03	1,666.42	1,694.78	1,671.78
Construction	35.46	36.80	36.98	37.13	1,411.31	1,472.00	1,479.20	1,485.20
Manufacturing	27.63	28.88	28.80	28.92	1,130.07	1,186.97	1,177.92	1,185.72
Durable goods	29.12	30.56	30.37	30.54	1,196.83	1,265.18	1,248.21	1,258.25
Nondurable goods	25.31	26.28	26.38	26.43	1,027.59	1,069.60	1,068.39	1,075.70
Private service-providing	29.77	30.72	30.82	30.94	970.50	1,001.47	1,004.73	1,005.55
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.96	26.58	26.59	26.65	880.04	906.38	912.04	908.77
Wholesale trade	31.22	31.76	31.96	32.07	1,220.70	1,241.82	1,252.83	1,257.14
Retail trade	20.89	21.43	21.37	21.40	630.88	649.33	651.79	648.42
Transportation and warehousing	29.00	29.74	29.79	29.76	1,084.60	1,127.15	1,137.98	1,130.88
Utilities	45.12	46.05	45.79	45.87	1,922.11	1,952.52	1,932.34	1,958.65
Information	40.66	42.74	42.43	42.72	1,467.83	1,530.09	1,514.75	1,529.38
Financial activities	35.62	36.88	37.03	37.33	1,317.94	1,375.62	1,384.92	1,392.41
Professional and business services	35.33	36.77	36.94	37.12	1,282.48	1,338.43	1,344.62	1,351.17
Private education and health services	31.33	32.37	32.48	32.58	1,008.83	1,032.60	1,032.86	1,036.04
Leisure and hospitality	19.45	20.05	20.08	20.16	470.69	497.24	485.94	489.89
Other services	27.36	28.21	28.32	28.46	856.37	871.69	877.92	876.57
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)	May 2024	Mar. 2025	Apr. 2025(p)	May 2025(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2025 - May 2025(p)
Total private	123.0	124.5	124.3	124.4	0.1	246.3	257.7	258.0	259.2	0.5
Goods-producing	95.9	96.0	95.8	95.8	0.0	181.6	189.2	189.1	189.9	0.4
Mining and logging	121.1	110.7	112.2	110.2	-1.8	256.2	240.0	243.6	239.7	-1.6
Construction	119.2	120.6	120.8	121.1	0.2	228.2	239.7	241.3	242.8	0.6
Manufacturing	84.1	84.1	83.6	83.8	0.2	151.9	158.8	157.5	158.4	0.6
Durable goods	84.0	83.5	82.9	82.9	0.0	152.8	159.2	157.1	158.0	0.6
Nondurable goods	84.0	85.0	84.5	85.0	0.6	150.3	157.8	157.6	158.8	0.8
Private service-providing	130.7	132.2	132.3	132.0	-0.2	266.8	278.5	279.7	280.1	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	115.9	117.7	118.3	117.6	-0.6	215.1	223.6	224.9	223.9	-0.4
Wholesale trade	112.2	113.5	113.8	113.9	0.1	206.8	212.8	214.8	215.6	0.4
Retail trade	101.9	102.8	103.5	102.7	-0.8	182.5	188.9	189.7	188.5	-0.6
Transportation and warehousing	164.6	169.5	170.5	169.4	-0.6	303.9	320.8	323.3	320.8	-0.8
Utilities	102.4	102.5	101.7	103.2	1.5	192.9	197.1	194.3	197.5	1.6
Information	97.5	95.8	95.6	95.9	0.3	196.2	202.8	200.7	202.7	1.0
Financial activities	120.3	122.7	123.1	123.0	-0.1	263.5	278.4	280.5	282.6	0.7
Professional and business services	144.6	143.9	144.0	143.7	-0.2	303.9	314.8	316.4	317.2	0.3
Private education and health services	158.0	161.6	161.6	162.1	0.3	326.7	345.3	346.5	348.6	0.6
Leisure and hospitality	130.0	134.4	131.3	132.2	0.7	287.2	306.0	299.5	302.7	1.1
Other services	106.4	106.1	106.4	105.9	-0.5	212.2	218.1	219.6	219.6	0.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.