FOR TECHNICAL INFORMATION: Patrick C. Jackman (202) 606-7000 USDL-97-160 CPI QUICKLINE: (202) 606-6994 TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN FOR CURRENT AND HISTORICAL THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED INFORMATION: (202) 606-7828 UNTIL 8:30 A.M. (EDT) MEDIA CONTACT: (202) 606-5902 Thursday, May 15, 1997 INTERNET ADDRESS: http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm CONSUMER PRICE INDEX: APRIL 1997 The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 0.1 percent before seasonal adjustment in April to a level of 160.2 (1982- 84=100), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. For the 12-month period ended in April, the CPI-U increased 2.5 percent. The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) also rose 0.1 percent in April, prior to seasonal adjustment. The April 1997 CPI-W level of 157.2 was 2.3 percent higher than the index in April 1996. CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) On a seasonally adjusted basis, the CPI-U rose 0.1 percent in April, the same as in March. The food index, which was unchanged in March, declined 0.2 percent in April. Grocery store food prices decreased 0.4 percent, primarily reflecting a sharp drop in fruit and vegetable prices. The energy index declined for the second consecutive month, down 1.5 percent in April. The index for petroleum-based energy fell 2.4 percent, and the index for energy services declined 0.6 percent. Excluding food and energy, the CPI-U rose 0.3 percent, following increases of 0.2 percent in each of the two preceding months. The larger advance in April reflects an upturn in the index for apparel and upkeep. Table A. Percent changes in CPI for Urban Consumers (CPI-U) Seasonally adjusted Un- Compound adjusted Expenditure Changes from preceding month annual rate 12-mos. Category 1996 1997 3-mos. ended ended Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. '97 Apr. '97 All Items .3 .3 .3 .1 .3 .1 .1 1.5 2.5 Food and beverages .5 .4 .0 -.2 .3 .0 -.2 .5 2.9 Housing .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 .0 .2 1.8 2.6 Apparel and upkeep .2 .3 .1 .4 .2 -.3 .9 3.4 .9 Transportation .3 .3 .6 -.2 -.1 .1 -.4 -1.6 1.2 Medical care .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .4 .3 3.3 3.0 Entertainment .3 .2 .3 .0 .2 .2 .1 1.7 2.3 Other goods and services .3 .4 .1 .4 .5 .5 .8 7.1 4.4 Special Indexes: Energy 1.1 1.2 1.5 .8 .3 -1.7 -1.5 -11.3 .0 Food .5 .4 .0 -.3 .3 .0 -.2 .5 2.8 All items less food and energy .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .3 3.1 2.7 For the first four months of 1997, the CPI-U advanced at a 1.5 percent seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR). This compares with an increase of 3.3 percent in all of 1996. The food and energy components, which had accelerated in 1996 after acting as moderating influences throughout most of the preceding five years, were responsible for the deceleration thus far in 1997. The food and energy indexes have declined at 0.4 and 6.5 percent SAARs, respectively, in the first four months of 1997. The CPI-U excluding food and energy advanced at a 2.7 percent SAAR in the first four months of 1997, about the same rate as the 2.6 percent rise for all of 1996. The food and beverage index declined 0.2 percent in April. The index for grocery store food prices, which decreased 0.2 percent in March, fell 0.4 percent in April. The April drop reflects small declines in the indexes for cereal and bakery products and for dairy products--down 0.4 and 0.3 percent, respectively--coupled with a 3.4 percent decrease in the index for fruits and vegetables. Fresh vegetable prices, which rose substantially earlier in the year, declined sharply in April. (Prior to seasonal adjustment, fresh vegetable prices fell 5.1 percent in April after advancing 11.6 percent in the three-month period from December through March.) The indexes for fresh fruits and for processed fruits and vegetables declined 1.0 and 0.6 percent, respectively, in April. Partially offsetting the declines noted above, the index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs rose 0.4 percent in April, following declines in each of the first three months of the year. (Prior to seasonal adjustment, this index declined 0.1 percent.) The index for other food at home rose 1.0 percent in April, reflecting, in large part, a 6.8 percent increase in coffee prices. Price increases of more than 1.0 percent also were recorded for snacks, for frozen prepared foods, and for the candy and other sweets components. The other two components of the food and beverage index-- restaurant meals and alcoholic beverages--each increased 0.1 percent in April. The housing component, which was unchanged in March, rose 0.2 percent in April. Each of the three major housing groups--shelter, fuel and other utilities, and household furnishings and operations--contributed to the upturn. Shelter costs increased 0.3 percent, following a 0.2 percent rise in March. In April, within shelter, renters' costs and homeowners' costs each increased 0.3 percent, and maintenance and repair costs rose 0.1 percent. The index for fuel and other utilities declined 0.2 percent in April after falling 0.8 percent in March. The index for household fuels fell 0.8 percent, reflecting declines in prices for fuel oil and natural gas--down 1.8 and 3.0 percent, respectively. The index for natural gas has declined 7.1 percent in the past two months after increasing 17.3 percent in the preceding 11-month period. Charges for electricity rose 0.5 percent in April. The index for household furnishings and operation, which was unchanged in March, increased 0.1 percent in April. The transportation component declined for the third time in four months--down 0.4 percent in April. The index for gasoline, which declined 2.1 percent in March, fell 2.6 percent in April. (Prior to seasonal adjustment, gasoline prices dropped 0.4 percent in April.) As of April, the index for gasoline was 9.7 percent below its peak level of December 1990. New vehicle purchase costs continued to advance very moderately; the index for new vehicle prices was unchanged, and automobile finance charges increased 0.7 percent. During the 12-month period ended in April, new vehicle prices have increased 1.2 percent and automobile finance charges, 3.0 percent. The index for used cars decreased 1.6 percent in April. (Prior to seasonal adjustment, used car prices fell 0.1 percent.) Public transportation costs rose 1.2 percent in April. The index for airline fares, which rose 4.5 percent in March following the reimposition of the 10 percent federal tax on airline fares effective March 7, increased 1.2 percent in April. The index for apparel and upkeep turned back up in April, advancing 0.9 percent. It was the largest advance in this index since a 1.1 percent increase in February 1993. (Prior to seasonal adjustment, clothing prices rose 1.3 percent in April, reflecting a return to regular prices from heavy discounting in March associated with the early Easter holiday.) Medical care costs rose 0.3 percent in April to a level 3.0 percent above a year ago. The index for medical care commodities--prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and medical supplies--increased 0.2 percent. The index for medical care services rose 0.3 percent. Charges for professional services and hospital and related services increased 0.3 and 0.4 percent, respectively. Entertainment costs rose 0.1 percent in April. Increases in the indexes for fees for participant sports and for admissions to movies, theaters, concerts, and sporting events--up 1.4 and 0.7 percent, respectively--were largely offset by price declines for all entertainment commodity groups--reading materials, sporting goods and equipment, and toys, hobbies, and other entertainment commodities. The index for other goods and services rose 0.8 percent in April. A 2.4 percent increase in the index for tobacco and smoking products accounted for two-thirds of the April advance in this major group. CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) On a seasonally adjusted basis, the CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers was unchanged in April. Table B. Percent changes in CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) Seasonally adjusted Un- Compound adjusted Expenditure Changes from preceding month annual rate 12-mos. Category 1996 1997 3-mos. ended ended Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. '97 Apr. '97 All Items .4 .3 .3 .1 .2 .1 .0 1.0 2.3 Food and beverages .5 .4 .1 -.2 .2 .1 -.2 .3 2.8 Housing .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .1 .1 1.6 2.6 Apparel and upkeep .2 .3 .1 .4 .4 -.3 1.0 4.3 1.0 Transportation .4 .3 .6 .0 .0 -.1 -.6 -2.7 .8 Medical care .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 3.2 3.0 Entertainment .3 .3 .3 .0 .1 .1 .1 1.3 2.2 Other goods and services .3 .4 .0 .6 .4 .5 1.0 7.6 4.6 Special Indexes: Energy 1.2 1.4 1.5 .9 .3 -1.8 -1.9 -12.9 -.2 Food .6 .3 .1 -.3 .3 .1 -.2 .5 2.9 All items less food and energy .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 2.9 2.5 After seasonal adjustment, the level of the CPI-U for All Items was 160.0 in April; the seasonally adjusted CPI-W for All Items was 157.0. Beginning with January 1997 data, BLS is reporting the level of the seasonally adjusted U.S. City Average All Items CPI-U and CPI-W in this monthly news release. Effective with the release of January 1998 data in February 1998, the seasonally adjusted All Items indexes will be fully integrated into the releases, appearing in tables 2 and 5 and in the text where relevant. Like other seasonally adjusted CPI data, the All Items index levels are subject to revision for up to five years after their original release. For this reason, BLS advises against the use of these data in escalation agreements. Consumer Price Index data for May are scheduled for release on Tuesday, June 17, 1997, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). A Note on Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data Because price data are used for different purposes by different groups, the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes seasonally adjusted as well as unadjusted changes each month. For analyzing general price trends in the economy, seasonally adjusted changes are usually preferred since they eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at the same time and in about the same magnitude every year--such as price movements resulting from changing climatic conditions, production cycles, model changeovers, holidays, and sales. The unadjusted data are of primary interest to consumers concerned about the prices they actually pay. Unadjusted data also are used extensively for escalation purposes. Many collective bargaining contract agreements and pension plans, for example, tie compensation changes to the Consumer Price Index unadjusted for seasonal variation. Seasonal factors used in computing the seasonally adjusted indexes are derived by the X-11-ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method (1988). The updated seasonal data at the end of 1977 replaced data from 1967 through 1977. Subsequent annual updates have replaced 5 years of seasonal data, e.g., data from 1992 through 1996 were replaced at the end of 1996. The seasonal movement of all items and 47 other aggregations is derived by combining the seasonal movement of 60 selected components. Each year the seasonal status of every series is reevaluated based upon certain statistical criteria. If any of the 60 components change their seasonal adjustment status from seasonally adjusted to not seasonally adjusted, not seasonally adjusted data will be used for the last 5 years, but the seasonally adjusted indexes will be used before that period. Effective with the calculation of the seasonal factors for 1990, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has used an enhanced seasonal adjustment procedure called Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment for some CPI series. Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment allows for better estimates of seasonally adjusted data. Extreme values and/or sharp movements which might distort the seasonal pattern are estimated and removed from the data prior to calculation of seasonal factors. Beginning with the calculation of seasonal factors for 1996, X-12-ARIMA software was used for Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment. For the fuel oil and the motor fuels indexes, this procedure was used to offset the effects that extreme price volatility would otherwise have had on the estimates of seasonally adjusted data for those series. For some women's apparel indexes and the girls' apparel index, the procedure was used to offset the effects of changes in pricing methodology. For the tobacco and smoking products index, this procedure was used to offset the effects of increases in excise taxes and wholesale tobacco prices. For some alcoholic beverage series, Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment was used to offset the effects of excise tax increases. For the nonalcoholic beverages index, the procedure was used to offset the effects of a large increase in coffee prices due to adverse weather. For the water and sewerage maintenance index, the procedure was used to account for a data collection anomaly. A description of Intervention Analysis Seasonal Adjustment, as well as a list of unusual events modeled and seasonal factors for these items, may be obtained by writing the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Consumer Prices and Price Indexes, Washington, DC 20212 or by calling Claire McAnaw Gallagher on (202) 606-6968. Table 1. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity and service group (1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted) + Relative Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted Seasonally adjusted importance, percent change to percent change from- December Mar. Apr. Apr. 1997 from- Jan. to Feb. to Mar. to 1996 1997 1997 Apr. 1996 Mar. 1997 Feb. Mar. Apr. Expenditure category All items .................................. 100.000 160.0 160.2 2.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 All items (1967=100) ....................... - 479.3 479.7 - - - - - Food and beverages ....................... 17.484 157.1 157.1 2.9 .0 .3 .0 -.2 Food ................................... 15.913 156.6 156.6 2.8 .0 .3 .0 -.2 Food at home ......................... 10.040 157.7 157.5 2.7 -.1 .5 -.2 -.4 Cereals and bakery products ........ 1.479 176.7 176.9 2.1 .1 .1 .3 -.4 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ..... 3.002 147.8 147.7 4.2 -.1 -.2 -.9 .4 Dairy products 1/ .................. 1.245 146.1 145.7 6.4 -.3 -1.1 -.1 -.3 + _ Fruits and vegetables 2/ ........... 1.974 189.3 186.4 -1.1 -1.5 3.0 .1 -3.4 + _ Other food at home ................. 2.340 145.5 146.9 2.9 1.0 .2 .1 1.0 Sugar and sweets ................. .331 146.3 147.9 4.0 1.1 .0 -.6 1.1 Fats and oils .................... .246 142.4 142.4 1.8 .0 .1 -.1 .0 Nonalcoholic beverages ........... .724 129.5 131.9 1.5 1.9 -.5 1.3 1.9 Other prepared food .............. 1.039 160.3 161.1 3.7 .5 .8 -.4 .5 Food away from home .................. 5.873 156.0 156.2 3.0 .1 .2 .3 .1 Alcoholic beverages .................... 1.571 162.1 162.3 2.8 .1 .2 -.1 .1 Housing 2/ ............................... 41.203 155.9 155.8 2.6 -.1 .3 .0 .2 + _ Shelter ................................ 28.194 175.2 175.3 3.1 .1 .3 .2 .3 Renters' costs 3/ 4/.................. 7.994 186.8 186.3 3.7 -.3 .3 .3 .3 + _ _ Rent, residential .................. 5.731 165.1 165.5 2.9 .2 .1 .3 .2 Other renters' costs 4/ ............ 2.263 231.7 228.0 5.5 -1.6 .9 .3 .4 + _ Homeowners' costs 3/ 4/............... 20.000 179.8 180.2 2.8 .2 .3 .2 .3 + _ _ Owners' equivalent rent 3/ ......... 19.616 180.1 180.5 2.8 .2 .3 .1 .3 + _ Household insurance 3/ 4/ .......... .383 163.3 163.8 2.8 .3 .9 -.5 .4 + _ _ Maintenance and repairs 1/ 4/ ........ .200 142.4 142.5 3.3 .1 .6 .1 .1 + _ _ Maintenance and repair services 1/ 4/ ................. .123 148.4 148.9 3.5 .3 .1 .0 .3 + _ _ Maintenance and repair commodities 1/ 4/ .............. .077 134.3 133.6 2.8 -.5 1.1 .3 -.5 + _ _ Fuel and other utilities 2/ ............ 7.102 129.9 128.9 2.8 -.8 .3 -.8 -.2 + _ Fuels ................................ 3.878 117.2 115.3 2.1 -1.6 .5 -1.5 -.8 Fuel oil and other household fuel commodities .................... .424 105.5 102.1 .0 -3.2 -1.9 -3.3 -2.1 Gas (piped) and electricity (energy services)....................... 3.453 123.4 121.7 2.4 -1.4 .7 -1.3 -.6 Other utilities and public services 4/ ...................... 3.224 160.5 160.8 3.5 .2 .0 .1 .2 + _ Household furnishings and operation 2/ . 5.908 125.4 125.5 .6 .1 .2 .0 .1 + _ Housefurnishings 4/ .................. 3.332 111.1 111.1 -.7 .0 .2 -.3 -.2 + _ Housekeeping supplies ................ 1.093 142.8 143.3 1.3 .4 .1 .0 .4 Housekeeping services 4/ ............. 1.482 150.6 151.1 3.1 .3 .1 .5 .4 + _ Apparel and upkeep ....................... 5.330 134.5 136.1 .9 1.2 .2 -.3 .9 Apparel commodities 4/ ................. 4.786 131.0 132.7 .8 1.3 .2 -.4 1.1 + _ Men's and boys' apparel .............. 1.280 129.2 131.4 1.9 1.7 -.9 -.2 1.8 Women's and girls' apparel............ 2.102 130.1 131.9 1.3 1.4 .7 -.6 .8 Infants' and toddlers' apparel 1/ .... .186 129.7 133.7 .0 3.1 -.5 2.0 3.1 + _ Footwear ............................. .718 127.0 129.3 .9 1.8 .2 -.4 1.2 Other apparel commodities 4/.......... .500 149.5 148.1 -3.5 -.9 .7 -.3 -.7 + _ Apparel services 1/ 4/ ................. .545 162.4 162.6 2.4 .1 .3 .1 .1 + _ _ Transportation ........................... 17.140 144.9 144.8 1.2 -.1 -.1 .1 -.4 Private transportation ................. 15.499 141.5 141.3 .7 -.1 .2 -.2 -.6 New vehicles ......................... 4.955 145.4 145.2 1.2 -.1 .0 .1 .0 New cars ........................... 3.952 142.9 142.6 .9 -.2 .0 .1 .0 Used cars ............................ 1.278 154.4 154.3 -2.0 -.1 .5 1.2 -1.6 Motor fuel ........................... 3.171 106.4 106.0 -2.4 -.4 .0 -2.1 -2.5 Gasoline ........................... - 105.8 105.4 -2.6 -.4 .0 -2.1 -2.6 Maintenance and repairs .............. 1.533 161.5 161.9 3.0 .2 -.1 .2 .2 Other private transportation 4/....... 4.562 177.4 177.3 2.5 -.1 .5 .3 .2 + _ Other private transportation commodities 4/.................. .589 105.1 104.7 -.4 -.4 .3 -.3 -.1 + _ Other private transportation services 4/ .................... 3.973 194.5 194.5 2.9 .0 .6 .4 .2 + _ Public transportation .................. 1.642 188.1 189.8 5.9 .9 -2.0 2.2 1.2 Medical care ............................. 7.346 233.4 233.8 3.0 .2 .2 .4 .3 Medical care commodities ............... 1.273 214.7 215.2 2.7 .2 .3 .5 .2 Medical care services .................. 6.073 237.7 238.1 3.0 .2 .2 .3 .3 Professional medical services ........ 3.472 214.2 214.7 3.7 .2 .1 .5 .3 Entertainment 4/ ......................... 4.352 162.1 162.2 2.3 .1 .2 .2 .1 + _ Entertainment commodities 4/ ........... 1.957 144.5 144.1 .9 -.3 .1 .0 -.2 + _ Entertainment services 4/ .............. 2.395 182.7 183.3 3.4 .3 .3 .3 .3 + _ Other goods and services 2/ .............. 7.145 221.4 222.7 4.4 .6 .5 .5 .8 + _ Tobacco and smoking products ........... 1.601 238.2 243.2 5.5 2.1 .6 .4 2.4 Personal care 1/ ....................... 1.145 151.8 152.7 2.0 .6 -.1 .2 .6 + _ Toilet goods and personal care appliances 1/ .................... .588 143.6 144.5 .2 .6 -.2 .2 .6 + _ Personal care services 1/ ............ .557 161.2 162.0 4.0 .5 .0 .3 .5 + _ Personal and educational expenses 4/ ... 4.398 255.8 256.0 4.7 .1 .6 .5 .3 + _ School books and supplies ............ .264 235.4 235.8 4.6 .2 .4 .3 .5 Personal and educational services 4/ . 4.134 257.6 257.7 4.6 .0 .6 .5 .3 + _ Commodity and service group All items .................................. 100.000 160.0 160.2 2.5 .1 .3 .1 .1 Commodities .............................. 42.873 142.0 142.3 1.5 .2 .2 -.2 -.1 Food and beverages ..................... 17.484 157.1 157.1 2.9 .0 .3 .0 -.2 Commodities less food and beverages .... 25.389 132.9 133.2 .5 .2 .1 -.3 .0 Nondurables less food and beverages .. 15.147 135.0 135.8 .8 .6 .3 -.8 .1 Apparel commodities 4/ ............. 4.786 131.0 132.7 .8 1.3 .2 -.4 1.1 + _ Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel .................... 10.362 140.2 140.6 .9 .3 .1 -.6 -.4 Durables ............................. 10.242 129.9 129.6 .1 -.2 .1 .0 -.2 Services ................................. 57.127 178.2 178.3 3.2 .1 .2 .2 .3 Rent of shelter 3/ ..................... 27.577 182.3 182.4 3.1 .1 .3 .3 .3 + _ Household services less rent of shelter 3/ 4/....................... 8.698 144.3 143.7 2.9 -.4 .4 -.3 -.1 + _ _ Transportation services ................ 7.148 184.9 185.4 3.6 .3 -.1 .8 .4 Medical care services .................. 6.073 237.7 238.1 3.0 .2 .2 .3 .3 Other services ......................... 7.631 207.3 207.7 4.1 .2 .4 .4 .3 Special indexes All items less food ........................ 84.087 160.6 160.8 2.4 .1 .2 .1 .2 All items less shelter ..................... 71.806 155.6 155.8 2.2 .1 .2 .0 .0 All items less homeowners' costs 3/ 4/...... 80.000 161.2 161.2 2.3 .0 .2 .1 .1 + _ _ All items less medical care ................ 92.654 155.9 156.0 2.4 .1 .3 .0 .1 Commodities less food ...................... 26.960 134.1 134.4 .7 .2 .1 -.2 -.1 Nondurables less food ...................... 16.718 136.6 137.4 1.0 .6 .2 -.7 .1 Nondurables less food and apparel .......... 11.932 141.4 141.7 1.1 .2 .1 -.7 -.4 Nondurables ................................ 32.631 146.2 146.6 1.9 .3 .3 -.4 -.1 Services less rent of shelter 3/ 4/ ........ 29.550 186.7 186.8 3.4 .1 .2 .3 .3 + _ _ Services less medical care services ........ 51.054 172.7 172.8 3.3 .1 .2 .3 .2 Energy ..................................... 7.049 111.2 110.0 .0 -1.1 .3 -1.7 -1.5 All items less energy ...................... 92.951 166.5 166.8 2.6 .2 .2 .2 .2 All items less food and energy ........... 77.038 169.0 169.4 2.7 .2 .2 .2 .3 Commodities less food and energy commodities ................. 23.364 143.0 143.5 1.1 .3 .1 .1 .3 Energy commodities ................... 3.596 106.6 105.8 -2.1 -.8 -.2 -2.2 -2.4 Services less energy services .......... 53.674 183.8 184.1 3.3 .2 .3 .3 .3 Purchasing power of the consumer dollar: 1982-84=$1.00 1/ ......................... - $.625 $.624 -2.5 -.2 -.3 -.2 -.2 + _ 1967=$1.00 1/ ............................ - .209 .208 - - - - - + _ + 1/ Not seasonally adjusted. + _ 2/ This index series will undergo a change in composition in January, 1998. + _ 3/ Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. + _ 4/ This index series will no longer appear in its present form after December, 1997. + _ See Table X for a comparable index series. - Data not available. NOTE: Index applies to a month as a whole, not to any specific date. Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): Seasonally adjusted U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity and service group (1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted) + Seasonally adjusted indexes Seasonally adjusted annual rate percent change for 3 months ended- 6 months ended- Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. July Oct. Jan. Apr. Oct. Apr. 1997 1997 1997 1997 1996 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 Expenditure category All items .................................... - - - - 2.6 3.1 2.8 1.5 2.8 2.2 Food and beverages ......................... 156.3 156.8 156.8 156.5 5.1 5.3 .8 .5 5.2 .6 Food ..................................... 156.0 156.5 156.5 156.2 5.4 5.3 .5 .5 5.3 .5 Food at home ........................... 156.7 157.5 157.2 156.5 6.5 6.6 -1.3 -.5 6.5 -.9 Cereals and bakery products .......... 176.3 176.4 177.0 176.3 3.5 2.8 2.1 .0 3.2 1.0 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ....... 148.7 148.4 147.1 147.7 9.0 8.2 2.5 -2.7 8.6 -.1 Dairy products 1/ .................... 147.8 146.2 146.1 145.7 15.4 22.2 -4.0 -5.6 18.8 -4.8 + _ Fruits and vegetables 2/.............. 182.2 187.7 187.8 181.5 5.6 4.4 -11.0 -1.5 5.0 -6.4 + _ Other food at home ................... 144.5 144.8 145.0 146.5 1.7 2.5 2.0 5.7 2.1 3.8 Sugar and sweets ................... 146.9 146.9 146.0 147.6 6.3 3.4 4.2 1.9 4.8 3.0 Fats and oils ...................... 141.9 142.1 142.0 142.0 1.7 4.7 .9 .3 3.2 .6 Nonalcoholic beverages ............. 127.9 127.3 129.0 131.5 -3.4 -2.2 .9 11.7 -2.8 6.2 Other prepared food ................ 159.4 160.6 160.0 160.8 4.2 4.7 2.5 3.6 4.4 3.1 Food away from home .................... 155.3 155.6 156.0 156.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.3 3.3 2.7 Alcoholic beverages ...................... 161.4 161.8 161.6 161.8 2.8 4.4 3.0 1.0 3.6 2.0 Housing 2/ ................................. 155.2 155.6 155.6 155.9 2.9 2.6 3.4 1.8 2.8 2.6 + _ Shelter .................................. 173.4 174.0 174.3 174.9 3.6 2.4 2.8 3.5 3.0 3.2 Renters' costs 3/ 4/.................... 182.8 183.4 183.9 184.5 4.6 2.5 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.8 + _ _ Rent, residential .................... 164.4 164.6 165.1 165.5 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 Other renters' costs 4/ .............. 221.1 223.1 223.7 224.6 7.3 2.2 6.0 6.5 4.8 6.2 + _ Homeowners' costs 3/ 4/ ................ 179.0 179.5 179.8 180.4 3.2 2.3 2.7 3.2 2.8 2.9 + _ _ Owners' equivalent rent 3/ ........... 179.3 179.9 180.1 180.7 3.2 2.3 2.7 3.2 2.8 2.9 + _ Household insurance 3/ 4/ ............ 162.9 164.3 163.5 164.2 3.8 5.1 -1.0 3.2 4.4 1.1 + _ _ Maintenance and repairs 1/ 4/ .......... 141.5 142.3 142.4 142.5 4.1 2.3 3.8 2.9 3.2 3.3 + _ _ Maintenance and repair services 1/ 4/ 148.2 148.4 148.4 148.9 7.1 2.8 2.5 1.9 4.9 2.2 + _ _ Maintenance and repair commodities 1/ 4/ ................ 132.5 133.9 134.3 133.6 .3 1.2 6.3 3.4 .8 4.8 + _ _ Fuel and other utilities 2/............... 131.2 131.6 130.5 130.2 2.2 5.1 7.0 -3.0 3.7 1.9 + _ Fuels .................................. 118.8 119.4 117.6 116.7 -.3 6.1 10.4 -6.9 2.8 1.4 Fuel oil and other household fuel commodities ...................... 108.2 106.1 102.6 100.4 -20.2 45.9 15.8 -25.9 7.9 -7.3 Gas (piped) and electricity (energy services)......................... 125.3 126.2 124.6 123.9 2.0 2.3 10.2 -4.4 2.2 2.6 Other utilities and public services 4/ . 160.0 160.0 160.2 160.6 5.5 3.6 3.1 1.5 4.6 2.3 + _ Household furnishings and operation 2/ ... 124.9 125.1 125.1 125.2 .6 1.0 .0 1.0 .8 .5 + _ Housefurnishings 4/ .................... 111.0 111.2 110.9 110.7 -1.4 .0 -.4 -1.1 -.7 -.7 + _ Housekeeping supplies .................. 142.3 142.5 142.5 143.0 -.3 1.1 2.3 2.0 .4 2.1 Housekeeping services 4/ ............... 149.6 149.7 150.5 151.1 5.6 3.5 -.8 4.1 4.6 1.6 + _ Apparel and upkeep ......................... 132.3 132.6 132.2 133.4 -2.1 -.6 3.1 3.4 -1.4 3.2 Apparel commodities 4/ ................... 128.6 128.8 128.3 129.7 -2.8 -.6 3.2 3.5 -1.7 3.3 + _ Men's and boys' apparel ................ 129.5 128.3 128.0 130.3 -1.2 -.3 6.8 2.5 -.8 4.6 Women's and girls' apparel ............. 125.7 126.6 125.8 126.8 -3.5 -1.3 6.6 3.5 -2.4 5.1 Infants' and toddlers' apparel 1/ ...... 127.9 127.2 129.7 133.7 -21.9 9.2 -1.9 19.4 -7.6 8.3 + _ Footwear ............................... 126.4 126.7 126.2 127.7 1.6 -.6 -1.3 4.2 .5 1.4 Other apparel commodities 4/............ 146.8 147.9 147.5 146.5 -1.0 -2.6 -9.5 -.8 -1.8 -5.2 + _ Apparel services 1/ 4/ ................... 161.7 162.2 162.4 162.6 2.8 1.8 2.8 2.2 2.3 2.5 + _ _ Transportation ............................. 145.4 145.3 145.4 144.8 .0 3.4 3.1 -1.6 1.7 .7 Private transportation ................... 142.4 142.7 142.4 141.6 -1.1 2.3 4.0 -2.2 .6 .9 New vehicles ........................... 144.4 144.4 144.6 144.6 2.5 2.0 -.6 .6 2.3 .0 New cars ............................. 141.9 141.9 142.0 142.0 2.6 2.0 -1.4 .3 2.3 -.6 Used cars .............................. 155.1 155.8 157.7 155.1 -4.7 -.3 -2.5 .0 -2.5 -1.3 Motor fuel ............................. 111.8 111.8 109.5 106.8 -11.5 2.3 21.0 -16.7 -4.9 .4 Gasoline ............................. 111.3 111.3 109.0 106.2 -11.2 1.1 21.6 -17.1 -5.3 .4 Maintenance and repairs ................ 161.3 161.2 161.5 161.9 2.8 4.9 2.8 1.5 3.9 2.1 Other private transportation 4/......... 175.2 176.1 176.7 177.0 3.3 2.3 .2 4.2 2.8 2.2 + _ Other private transportation commodities 4/.................... 104.8 105.1 104.8 104.7 -.4 .8 -1.5 -.4 .2 -.9 + _ Other private transportation services 4/ ...................... 192.0 193.1 193.9 194.3 3.9 2.5 .4 4.9 3.2 2.6 + _ Public transportation .................... 185.6 181.9 185.9 188.1 8.6 15.4 -5.0 5.5 11.9 .1 Medical care ............................... 231.9 232.3 233.2 233.8 3.4 2.6 2.6 3.3 3.0 3.0 Medical care commodities ................. 212.8 213.5 214.5 215.0 2.9 3.1 .8 4.2 3.0 2.5 Medical care services .................... 236.0 236.4 237.2 237.9 3.3 2.6 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.1 Professional medical services .......... 212.4 212.7 213.7 214.4 3.3 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 Entertainment 4/ ........................... 161.1 161.4 161.7 161.8 2.8 2.5 2.0 1.7 2.7 1.9 + _ Entertainment commodities 4/ ............. 144.0 144.2 144.2 143.9 1.4 2.3 .6 -.3 1.8 .1 + _ Entertainment services 4/ ................ 181.1 181.6 182.1 182.7 4.1 2.7 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.4 + _ Other goods and services 2/................. 220.3 221.3 222.3 224.1 3.8 3.4 3.5 7.1 3.6 5.3 + _ Tobacco and smoking products ............. 236.2 237.6 238.5 244.2 2.8 4.4 1.4 14.3 3.6 7.6 Personal care 1/ ......................... 151.6 151.5 151.8 152.7 .8 2.4 1.9 2.9 1.6 2.4 + _ Toilet goods and personal care appliances 1/ ...................... 143.6 143.3 143.6 144.5 .6 .6 -2.7 2.5 .6 -.1 + _ Personal care services 1/ .............. 160.7 160.7 161.2 162.0 1.6 4.2 7.3 3.3 2.8 5.3 + _ Personal and educational expenses 4/ ..... 253.5 255.0 256.3 257.0 5.0 3.3 4.7 5.6 4.1 5.2 + _ School books and supplies .............. 232.2 233.2 234.0 235.1 3.1 7.4 2.8 5.1 5.2 3.9 Personal and educational services 4/ ... 255.0 256.5 257.8 258.5 4.9 3.1 4.8 5.6 4.0 5.2 + _ Commodity and service group All items .................................... - - - - 2.6 3.1 2.8 1.5 2.8 2.2 Commodities ................................ 141.8 142.1 141.8 141.7 .9 3.2 2.3 -.3 2.0 1.0 Food and beverages ....................... 156.3 156.8 156.8 156.5 5.1 5.3 .8 .5 5.2 .6 Commodities less food and beverages ...... 133.0 133.1 132.7 132.7 -1.8 1.8 3.4 -.9 .0 1.2 Nondurables less food and beverages .... 135.3 135.7 134.6 134.8 -2.1 1.8 5.5 -1.5 -.1 2.0 Apparel commodities 4/ ............... 128.6 128.8 128.3 129.7 -2.8 -.6 3.2 3.5 -1.7 3.3 + _ Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel ...................... 142.2 142.3 141.4 140.8 -4.0 2.9 8.9 -3.9 -.6 2.3 Durables ............................... 129.5 129.6 129.6 129.3 .3 .9 -.3 -.6 .6 -.5 Services ................................... 177.2 177.6 178.0 178.5 3.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.1 Rent of shelter 3/ ....................... 180.8 181.3 181.8 182.3 3.2 2.5 3.2 3.4 2.8 3.3 + _ Household services less rent of shelter 3/ 4/...................... 145.1 145.7 145.2 145.0 4.3 3.1 4.8 -.3 3.7 2.2 + _ _ Transportation services .................. 182.9 182.7 184.1 184.9 4.6 5.9 -.4 4.4 5.2 2.0 Medical care services .................... 236.0 236.4 237.2 237.9 3.3 2.6 2.9 3.3 3.0 3.1 Other services ........................... 206.1 206.9 207.8 208.4 4.3 3.0 4.4 4.5 3.6 4.5 Special indexes All items less food .......................... 159.9 160.2 160.3 160.6 2.1 2.8 3.1 1.8 2.4 2.4 All items less shelter ....................... 155.2 155.5 155.5 155.5 2.1 3.4 2.6 .8 2.8 1.7 All items less homeowners' costs 3/ 4/........ 160.5 160.8 160.9 161.0 2.3 3.3 2.8 1.3 2.8 2.0 + _ _ All items less medical care .................. 155.1 155.5 155.5 155.7 2.7 3.2 2.6 1.6 2.9 2.1 Commodities less food ........................ 134.2 134.4 134.1 134.0 -1.8 2.1 3.0 -.6 .2 1.2 Nondurables less food ........................ 136.8 137.1 136.2 136.3 -1.8 1.8 5.4 -1.5 .0 1.9 Nondurables less food and apparel ............ 142.9 143.1 142.1 141.5 -1.7 4.4 6.1 -3.9 1.3 1.0 Nondurables .................................. 146.1 146.5 145.9 145.7 1.4 3.4 3.6 -1.1 2.4 1.2 Services less rent of shelter 3/ ............. 185.9 186.2 186.7 187.2 4.5 3.5 3.1 2.8 4.0 2.9 + _ Services less medical care services .......... 171.7 172.0 172.5 172.9 3.9 3.1 3.3 2.8 3.5 3.1 Energy ....................................... 114.6 114.9 112.9 111.2 -5.6 4.5 14.9 -11.3 -.7 .9 All items less energy ........................ 165.5 165.9 166.2 166.6 3.2 3.0 1.7 2.7 3.1 2.2 All items less food and energy ............. 167.9 168.3 168.7 169.2 2.7 2.4 2.2 3.1 2.6 2.7 Commodities less food and energy commodities .......................... 142.0 142.2 142.3 142.7 .3 1.4 .8 2.0 .9 1.4 Energy commodities ..................... 111.5 111.3 108.8 106.2 -12.3 6.2 20.1 -17.7 -3.5 -.6 Services less energy services ............ 182.4 182.9 183.4 184.0 4.1 2.9 2.7 3.6 3.5 3.1 + 1/ Not seasonally adjusted. + _ 2/ This index series will undergo a change in composition in January, 1998. + _ 3/ Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. + _ 4/ This index series will no longer appear in its present form after December, 1997. + _ See Table X for a comparable index series. - Data not available. NOTE: Index applies to a month as a whole, not to any specific date. Table 3. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Selected areas, all items index (1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted) + Indexes Percent change to Percent change to Area Pricing Apr. 1997 from- Mar. 1997 from- schedule Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Mar. Jan. Feb. 1/ 1997 1997 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 + _ U.S. city average ...................... M 159.1 159.6 160.0 160.2 2.5 0.4 0.1 2.8 0.6 0.3 Region and area size 2/ + _ Northeast urban......................... M 166.2 166.9 167.3 167.1 2.6 .1 -.1 2.8 .7 .2 Size A - More than 1,200,000 ........ M 166.8 167.7 168.1 167.7 2.5 .0 -.2 2.7 .8 .2 Size B - 500,000 to 1,200,000 3/..... M 164.2 164.2 164.8 165.4 3.0 .7 .4 2.9 .4 .4 + _ Size C - 50,000 to 500,000 3/........ M 164.7 165.3 165.6 165.6 2.7 .2 .0 3.0 .5 .2 + _ North Central urban .................... M 155.5 155.9 155.9 156.1 2.5 .1 .1 2.8 .3 .0 Size A - More than 1,200,000 ........ M 156.0 156.5 156.6 156.9 2.6 .3 .2 2.6 .4 .1 Size B - 360,000 to 1,200,000 3/..... M 154.3 154.4 154.6 154.8 2.4 .3 .1 2.8 .2 .1 + _ Size C - 50,000 to 360,000 3/........ M 157.8 158.3 158.1 158.2 2.8 -.1 .1 3.3 .2 -.1 + _ Size D - Nonmetropolitan (less than 50,000) ......... M 152.2 152.1 152.1 152.1 2.1 .0 .0 3.0 -.1 .0 South urban ............................ M 155.7 156.1 156.5 156.7 2.3 .4 .1 2.7 .5 .3 Size A - More than 1,200,000 ........ M 154.9 155.2 155.4 155.7 2.2 .3 .2 2.6 .3 .1 Size B - 450,000 to 1,200,000 3/..... M 158.5 158.9 159.7 159.8 2.7 .6 .1 3.0 .8 .5 + _ Size C - 50,000 to 450,000 3/........ M 155.0 155.6 155.7 156.0 1.9 .3 .2 2.3 .5 .1 + _ Size D - Nonmetropolitan (less than 50,000) ......... M 154.8 155.5 156.0 156.1 2.4 .4 .1 2.9 .8 .3 West urban ............................. M 159.6 160.1 160.8 161.1 2.5 .6 .2 2.8 .8 .4 Size A - More than 1,250,000 ........ M 159.6 160.1 160.9 161.2 2.5 .7 .2 2.7 .8 .5 Size C - 50,000 to 330,000 3/........ M 164.9 165.4 166.3 166.5 2.7 .7 .1 3.0 .8 .5 + _ Size classes A 4/ ................................. M 143.6 144.1 144.4 144.5 2.4 .3 .1 2.6 .6 .2 + _ B 3/ ................................. M 159.2 159.5 160.1 160.4 2.8 .6 .2 3.0 .6 .4 + _ C 3/ ................................. M 159.1 159.6 159.8 160.0 2.4 .3 .1 2.8 .4 .1 + _ D .................................... M 155.9 156.2 156.4 156.5 2.3 .2 .1 2.8 .3 .1 Selected local areas Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL-IN-WI...... M 160.4 161.1 161.0 160.9 2.9 -.1 -.1 3.0 .4 -.1 Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA ...... M 159.1 159.2 159.8 159.9 1.4 .4 .1 1.6 .4 .4 N.Y.-Northern N.J.-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT M 169.1 170.1 170.7 170.2 2.5 .1 -.3 2.5 .9 .4 Phil.-Wilmington-Trenton, PA-NJ-DE-MD 5/ ......................... M 165.1 165.8 166.1 166.0 2.4 .1 -.1 2.5 .6 .2 + _ San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA 5/ .. M 157.0 157.9 159.2 159.6 3.7 1.1 .3 4.1 1.4 .8 + _ Baltimore, MD 6/ ....................... 1 155.8 - 157.1 - - - - 2.7 .8 - + _ Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA-NH ........... 1 167.7 - 168.1 - - - - 3.3 .2 - Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH ............. 1 153.8 - 155.4 - - - - 3.0 1.0 - Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL .............. 1 158.1 - 158.5 - - - - 4.0 .3 - St. Louis-East St. Louis, MO-IL 7/ ..... 1 151.5 - 152.2 - - - - 2.2 .5 - + _ Washington, DC-MD-VA 6/ ................ 1 161.6 - 161.9 - - - - 2.2 .2 - + _ Dallas-Fort Worth, TX .................. 2 - 150.7 - 150.6 1.4 -.1 - - - - Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI .................. 2 - 155.4 - 156.0 2.4 .4 - - - - Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX ......... 2 - 144.5 - 145.2 1.5 .5 - - - - Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 7/ ........ 2 - 156.2 - 156.6 2.5 .3 - - - - + _ + 1/ Foods, fuels, and several other items priced every month in all areas; most other goods and services priced as + _ indicated: M - Every month. 1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December. 2/ Regions defined as the four Census regions. See map in technical notes. + _ 3/ Starting in January, 1998, a new Size Class B/C will be introduced, composed of current + _ Size Class B and Size Class C cities. There will be no individual Size Class B or Size Class C. 4/ Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. + _ 5/ Indexes for the cities of Philadelphia and San Francisco will no longer be published on a monthly + _ basis starting in January, 1998. Beginning in February, 1998 they will be published on a bi-monthly basis. 6/ Indexes for the cities of Washington and Baltimore will no longer be published separately after December, 1997. + _ Beginning in January, 1998 the two cities will be published as a Washington-Baltimore combined metropolitan area. 7/ Indexes for the cities of Pittsburgh and St. Louis will no longer be published on a bi-monthly + _ basis after December, 1997. Beginning in July, 1998 they will be published semi-annually, each January and July. - Data not available. NOTE: Local area CPI indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is, therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national average CPI for use in their escalator clauses. Table 4. Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W): U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity and service group (1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted) + Relative Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted Seasonally adjusted importance, percent change to percent change from- December Mar. Apr. Apr. 1997 from- Jan. to Feb. to Mar. to 1996 1997 1997 Apr. 1996 Mar. 1997 Feb. Mar. Apr. Expenditure category All items .................................. 100.000 157.0 157.2 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 All items (1967=100) ....................... - 467.8 468.3 - - - - - Food and beverages ....................... 19.436 156.5 156.5 2.8 .0 .2 .1 -.2 Food ................................... 17.749 156.1 156.1 2.9 .0 .3 .1 -.2 Food at home ......................... 11.387 156.7 156.6 2.8 -.1 .3 -.1 -.3 Cereals and bakery products ........ 1.688 176.4 176.6 2.1 .1 -.1 .4 -.4 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ..... 3.535 147.4 147.3 4.1 -.1 -.3 -.8 .5 Dairy products 1/ .................. 1.387 145.8 145.4 6.3 -.3 -1.1 -.1 -.3 + _ Fruits and vegetables 2/ ........... 2.086 188.2 185.2 -1.3 -1.6 2.7 .3 -3.3 + _ Other food at home ................. 2.691 145.1 146.4 2.8 .9 .2 .1 1.0 Sugar and sweets ................. .373 146.2 147.9 4.0 1.2 .2 -.7 1.2 Fats and oils .................... .282 142.2 142.1 1.7 -.1 .1 .1 -.1 Nonalcoholic beverages ........... .841 128.9 131.1 1.3 1.7 -.4 1.1 1.8 Other prepared food .............. 1.194 160.1 161.0 3.8 .6 .7 -.5 .7 Food away from home .................. 6.362 156.0 156.2 3.0 .1 .2 .3 .0 Alcoholic beverages .................... 1.687 161.5 161.7 2.8 .1 .1 .1 .0 Housing 2/ ............................... 38.747 152.5 152.4 2.6 -.1 .2 .1 .1 + _ Shelter ................................ 25.867 169.9 170.1 3.0 .1 .3 .2 .3 Renters' costs 3/ 4/.................. 8.079 161.9 161.8 3.3 -.1 .3 .3 .4 + _ _ Rent, residential .................. 6.580 164.7 165.2 2.9 .3 .1 .2 .3 Other renters' costs 4/ ............ 1.499 229.9 226.9 5.2 -1.3 .6 .3 .7 + _ Homeowners' costs 3/ 4/............... 17.599 163.9 164.3 2.8 .2 .3 .2 .2 + _ _ Owners' equivalent rent 3/ ......... 17.277 164.3 164.6 2.8 .2 .3 .2 .2 + _ Household insurance 3/ 4/ .......... .322 148.1 148.5 1.7 .3 .7 -.3 .4 + _ _ Maintenance and repairs 1/ 4/ ........ .189 140.9 141.0 3.1 .1 .4 .1 .1 + _ _ Maintenance and repair services 1/ 4/ ................. .105 150.3 150.9 3.4 .4 .2 .0 .4 + _ _ Maintenance and repair commodities 1/ 4/ .............. .084 128.7 128.2 2.6 -.4 .8 .3 -.4 + _ _ Fuel and other utilities 2/ ............ 7.344 129.6 128.6 2.7 -.8 .3 -.8 -.4 + _ Fuels ................................ 3.979 116.5 114.7 2.1 -1.5 .5 -1.4 -.9 Fuel oil and other household fuel commodities .................... .391 105.3 101.7 .1 -3.4 -2.0 -3.5 -2.2 Gas (piped) and electricity (energy services)....................... 3.588 122.9 121.2 2.3 -1.4 .7 -1.2 -.8 Other utilities and public services 4/ ...................... 3.365 161.2 161.5 3.5 .2 .1 .1 .2 + _ Household furnishings and operation 2/ . 5.536 123.9 124.0 .5 .1 .1 .0 .0 + _ Housefurnishings 4/ .................. 3.261 109.8 109.7 -.7 -.1 .1 -.1 -.3 + _ Housekeeping supplies ................ 1.129 143.5 143.9 1.6 .3 .1 .1 .4 Housekeeping services 4/ ............. 1.145 153.3 153.7 2.7 .3 .1 .3 .5 + _ Apparel and upkeep ....................... 5.348 133.8 135.5 1.0 1.3 .4 -.3 1.0 Apparel commodities 4/ ................. 4.838 130.5 132.3 .8 1.4 .4 -.3 1.0 + _ Men's and boys' apparel .............. 1.286 128.8 131.1 1.9 1.8 -.9 -.2 1.8 Women's and girls' apparel............ 2.053 129.2 130.7 .9 1.2 1.1 -.4 .4 Infants' and toddlers' apparel 1/ .... .240 130.7 134.9 .1 3.2 -.3 2.0 3.2 + _ Footwear ............................. .799 127.9 130.3 1.0 1.9 .1 -.5 1.3 Other apparel commodities 4/.......... .461 149.5 149.3 -2.4 -.1 1.0 -.9 .4 + _ Apparel services 1/ 4/ ................. .510 161.5 161.7 2.2 .1 .3 .1 .1 + _ _ Transportation ........................... 19.190 144.2 144.2 .8 .0 .0 -.1 -.6 Private transportation ................. 17.934 141.9 141.8 .6 -.1 .1 -.1 -.8 New vehicles ......................... 4.893 146.6 146.4 1.3 -.1 -.1 .2 .1 New cars ........................... 3.533 142.5 142.3 1.0 -.1 -.1 .2 -.1 Used cars ............................ 2.320 155.7 155.7 -1.8 .0 .4 1.3 -1.6 Motor fuel ........................... 3.921 106.3 105.9 -2.5 -.4 -.1 -2.2 -2.7 Gasoline ........................... - 105.7 105.4 -2.7 -.3 -.2 -2.2 -2.7 Maintenance and repairs .............. 1.616 162.5 162.9 3.0 .2 -.2 .4 .2 Other private transportation 4/....... 5.185 172.8 172.8 2.5 .0 .4 .3 .2 + _ Other private transportation commodities 4/.................. .742 104.1 103.7 -.5 -.4 .1 .0 -.3 + _ Other private transportation services 4/ .................... 4.442 190.2 190.3 3.0 .1 .5 .3 .3 + _ Public transportation .................. 1.256 185.1 186.8 5.2 .9 -2.2 1.7 1.2 Medical care ............................. 6.251 232.8 233.2 3.0 .2 .2 .3 .3 Medical care commodities ............... 1.047 212.1 212.3 2.6 .1 .4 .3 .2 Medical care services .................. 5.204 237.4 237.9 3.1 .2 .0 .4 .3 Professional medical services ........ 2.973 215.4 216.0 3.8 .3 .2 .5 .3 Entertainment 4/ ......................... 4.015 159.6 159.7 2.2 .1 .1 .1 .1 + _ Entertainment commodities 4/ ........... 2.036 143.4 143.0 .8 -.3 .1 .0 -.4 + _ Entertainment services 4/ .............. 1.979 182.8 183.6 3.7 .4 .1 .4 .5 + _ Other goods and services 2/ .............. 7.012 218.0 219.8 4.6 .8 .4 .5 1.0 + _ Tobacco and smoking products ........... 2.117 237.7 242.7 5.4 2.1 .5 .4 2.3 Personal care 1/ ....................... 1.107 151.6 152.6 2.0 .7 -.1 .1 .7 + _ Toilet goods and personal care appliances 1/ .................... .610 144.3 145.4 .5 .8 -.1 .1 .8 + _ Personal care services 1/ ............ .497 161.2 162.1 4.1 .6 .0 .2 .6 + _ Personal and educational expenses 4/ ... 3.788 251.6 251.8 4.9 .1 .6 .5 .3 + _ School books and supplies ............ .232 237.1 237.4 4.8 .1 .3 .3 .6 Personal and educational services 4/ . 3.556 253.0 253.3 4.9 .1 .6 .5 .3 + _ Commodity and service group All items .................................. 100.000 157.0 157.2 2.3 .1 .2 .1 .0 Commodities .............................. 47.057 142.0 142.2 1.4 .1 .2 -.1 -.2 Food and beverages ..................... 19.436 156.5 156.5 2.8 .0 .2 .1 -.2 Commodities less food and beverages .... 27.621 133.1 133.4 .5 .2 .2 -.3 -.2 Nondurables less food and beverages .. 16.215 134.8 135.6 .8 .6 .2 -.7 .0 Apparel commodities 4/ ............. 4.838 130.5 132.3 .8 1.4 .4 -.3 1.0 + _ Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel .................... 11.377 139.9 140.3 .9 .3 .1 -.8 -.4 Durables ............................. 11.407 129.6 129.3 -.1 -.2 .1 .0 -.3 Services ................................. 52.943 175.2 175.3 3.1 .1 .2 .2 .2 Rent of shelter 3/ ..................... 25.329 163.5 163.7 3.0 .1 .2 .2 .3 + _ Household services less rent of shelter 3/ 4/....................... 8.553 132.6 132.0 2.8 -.5 .4 -.4 -.1 + _ _ Transportation services ................ 7.314 182.3 182.8 3.3 .3 -.1 .6 .4 Medical care services .................. 5.204 237.4 237.9 3.1 .2 .0 .4 .3 Other services ......................... 6.542 204.1 204.6 4.2 .2 .3 .4 .3 Special indexes All items less food ........................ 82.251 157.1 157.3 2.2 .1 .2 .1 .1 All items less shelter ..................... 74.133 153.7 153.8 2.1 .1 .1 .0 -.1 All items less homeowners' costs 3/ 4/...... 82.401 147.5 147.6 2.2 .1 .2 .0 .0 + _ _ All items less medical care ................ 93.749 153.5 153.6 2.3 .1 .2 .0 .1 Commodities less food ...................... 29.308 134.2 134.6 .6 .3 .1 -.3 -.1 Nondurables less food ...................... 17.901 136.4 137.1 1.0 .5 .3 -.9 -.1 Nondurables less food and apparel .......... 13.064 141.1 141.4 1.1 .2 .2 -.8 -.4 Nondurables ................................ 35.651 146.0 146.4 1.9 .3 .2 -.3 -.1 Services less rent of shelter 3/ 4/ ........ 27.613 166.3 166.4 3.4 .1 .3 .2 .1 + _ _ Services less medical care services ........ 47.738 169.9 170.0 3.2 .1 .2 .2 .2 Energy ..................................... 7.901 110.7 109.6 -.2 -1.0 .3 -1.8 -1.9 All items less energy ...................... 92.099 163.5 163.9 2.6 .2 .2 .2 .2 All items less food and energy ........... 74.350 165.5 165.9 2.5 .2 .2 .2 .3 Commodities less food and energy commodities ................. 24.996 142.5 143.1 1.1 .4 .2 .1 .2 Energy commodities ................... 4.312 106.5 105.8 -2.3 -.7 -.3 -2.3 -2.7 Services less energy services .......... 49.354 181.0 181.3 3.2 .2 .2 .3 .3 Purchasing power of the consumer dollar: 1982-84=$1.00 1/ ......................... - $.637 $.636 -2.3 -.2 -.3 -.2 -.2 + _ 1967=$1.00 1/ ............................ - .214 .214 - - - - - + _ + 1/ Not seasonally adjusted. + _ 2/ This index series will undergo a change in composition in January, 1998. + _ 3/ Indexes on a December 1984=100 base. + _ 4/ This index series will no longer appear in its present form after December, 1997. + _ See Table X for a comparable index series. - Data not available. NOTE: Index applies to a month as a whole, not to any specific date. Table 5. Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W): U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity and service group (1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted) + Seasonally adjusted indexes Seasonally adjusted annual rate percent change for 3 months ended- 6 months ended- Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. July Oct. Jan. Apr. Oct. Apr. 1997 1997 1997 1997 1996 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 Expenditure category All items .................................... - - - - 2.4 3.1 2.9 1.0 2.8 1.9 Food and beverages ......................... 156.0 156.3 156.4 156.1 5.1 5.3 1.0 .3 5.2 .6 Food ..................................... 155.5 155.9 156.0 155.7 5.1 5.6 .5 .5 5.4 .5 Food at home ........................... 156.0 156.5 156.3 155.8 6.2 6.7 -1.0 -.5 6.4 -.8 Cereals and bakery products .......... 176.2 176.0 176.7 176.0 3.5 2.6 2.8 -.5 3.0 1.1 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ....... 148.3 147.9 146.7 147.4 9.1 8.0 2.5 -2.4 8.5 .0 Dairy products 1/ .................... 147.6 146.0 145.8 145.4 15.8 21.2 -3.4 -5.8 18.5 -4.6 + _ Fruits and vegetables 2/.............. 181.8 186.7 187.2 181.0 5.4 3.7 -10.9 -1.7 4.5 -6.4 + _ Other food at home ................... 144.1 144.4 144.5 145.9 1.7 2.0 2.3 5.1 1.8 3.7 Sugar and sweets ................... 146.6 146.9 145.9 147.7 6.0 3.1 3.6 3.0 4.6 3.3 Fats and oils ...................... 141.4 141.6 141.8 141.7 1.4 4.7 .3 .9 3.0 .6 Nonalcoholic beverages ............. 127.4 126.9 128.3 130.6 -3.1 -2.5 .9 10.4 -2.8 5.6 Other prepared food ................ 159.3 160.4 159.6 160.7 4.2 4.7 2.8 3.6 4.4 3.2 Food away from home .................... 155.4 155.7 156.2 156.2 2.9 3.7 3.4 2.1 3.3 2.7 Alcoholic beverages ...................... 160.8 160.9 161.0 161.0 2.8 4.6 3.0 .5 3.7 1.8 Housing 2/ ................................. 151.9 152.2 152.3 152.5 2.7 2.4 3.5 1.6 2.6 2.5 + _ Shelter .................................. 168.6 169.1 169.5 170.0 3.4 2.2 2.9 3.4 2.8 3.1 Renters' costs 3/ 4/.................... 159.6 160.0 160.4 161.0 4.4 2.0 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.4 + _ _ Rent, residential .................... 164.1 164.3 164.7 165.2 3.5 2.2 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 Other renters' costs 4/ .............. 220.5 221.8 222.4 223.9 7.5 1.3 5.8 6.3 4.4 6.1 + _ Homeowners' costs 3/ 4/ ................ 163.2 163.7 164.1 164.5 3.0 2.3 2.7 3.2 2.6 3.0 + _ _ Owners' equivalent rent 3/ ........... 163.5 164.0 164.4 164.8 3.0 2.2 2.7 3.2 2.6 3.0 + _ Household insurance 3/ 4/ ............ 147.9 148.9 148.4 149.0 2.2 3.6 -1.6 3.0 2.9 .7 + _ _ Maintenance and repairs 1/ 4/ .......... 140.1 140.7 140.9 141.0 3.3 1.8 4.7 2.6 2.5 3.6 + _ _ Maintenance and repair services 1/ 4/ 150.0 150.3 150.3 150.9 6.5 3.6 1.3 2.4 5.0 1.9 + _ _ Maintenance and repair commodities 1/ 4/ ................ 127.3 128.3 128.7 128.2 -.6 .0 8.3 2.9 -.3 5.5 + _ _ Fuel and other utilities 2/............... 130.8 131.2 130.2 129.7 2.2 4.8 7.4 -3.3 3.5 1.9 + _ Fuels .................................. 118.1 118.7 117.0 115.9 .0 6.1 10.5 -7.2 3.0 1.2 Fuel oil and other household fuel commodities ...................... 108.2 106.0 102.3 100.0 -19.3 45.5 17.2 -27.0 8.4 -7.5 Gas (piped) and electricity (energy services)......................... 124.8 125.7 124.2 123.2 2.0 2.7 10.2 -5.0 2.3 2.3 Other utilities and public services 4/ . 160.6 160.7 160.9 161.3 5.2 3.9 3.0 1.8 4.5 2.4 + _ Household furnishings and operation 2/ ... 123.5 123.6 123.6 123.6 .0 1.0 .3 .3 .5 .3 + _ Housefurnishings 4/ .................... 109.7 109.8 109.7 109.4 -1.4 .4 -.4 -1.1 -.5 -.7 + _ Housekeeping supplies .................. 142.9 143.1 143.2 143.8 .3 1.1 2.6 2.5 .7 2.6 Housekeeping services 4/ ............... 152.5 152.6 153.0 153.7 4.3 3.2 .0 3.2 3.8 1.6 + _ Apparel and upkeep ......................... 131.3 131.8 131.4 132.7 -2.4 -1.2 3.1 4.3 -1.8 3.7 Apparel commodities 4/ ................... 128.0 128.5 128.1 129.4 -2.8 -1.6 3.2 4.4 -2.2 3.8 + _ Men's and boys' apparel ................ 129.2 128.1 127.8 130.1 -1.6 .3 6.1 2.8 -.6 4.4 Women's and girls' apparel ............. 124.5 125.9 125.4 125.9 -4.1 -3.5 7.4 4.6 -3.8 6.0 Infants' and toddlers' apparel 1/ ...... 128.5 128.1 130.7 134.9 -21.7 6.8 -1.2 21.5 -8.6 9.5 + _ Footwear ............................... 127.6 127.7 127.0 128.6 2.2 -.6 -.9 3.2 .8 1.1 Other apparel commodities 4/............ 146.3 147.7 146.3 146.9 1.6 -1.3 -11.2 1.7 .1 -5.0 + _ Apparel services 1/ 4/ ................... 160.8 161.3 161.5 161.7 2.8 1.0 2.8 2.3 1.9 2.5 + _ _ Transportation ............................. 145.2 145.2 145.1 144.2 -.8 3.1 4.0 -2.7 1.1 .6 Private transportation ................... 143.0 143.2 143.0 141.9 -1.4 2.3 4.3 -3.0 .4 .6 New vehicles ........................... 145.7 145.6 145.9 146.0 2.8 1.9 .0 .8 2.4 .4 New cars ............................. 141.6 141.5 141.8 141.7 2.3 2.0 -.8 .3 2.1 -.3 Used cars .............................. 156.4 157.1 159.1 156.5 -4.7 .3 -2.5 .3 -2.2 -1.1 Motor fuel ............................. 112.1 112.0 109.5 106.5 -11.5 2.7 21.8 -18.5 -4.7 -.4 Gasoline ............................. 111.6 111.4 109.0 106.1 -11.9 2.3 21.9 -18.3 -5.1 -.2 Maintenance and repairs ................ 162.2 161.9 162.5 162.8 2.8 4.9 2.8 1.5 3.8 2.1 Other private transportation 4/......... 171.1 171.8 172.3 172.6 3.4 2.9 .0 3.6 3.1 1.8 + _ Other private transportation commodities 4/.................... 103.9 104.0 104.0 103.7 -.4 .4 -1.1 -.8 .0 -1.0 + _ Other private transportation services 4/ ...................... 188.1 189.0 189.6 190.1 4.0 3.3 .2 4.3 3.6 2.2 + _ Public transportation .................... 184.0 179.9 182.9 185.1 8.9 11.8 -1.7 2.4 10.4 .3 Medical care ............................... 231.2 231.6 232.4 233.0 3.4 2.7 2.6 3.2 3.0 2.9 Medical care commodities ................. 210.1 211.0 211.7 212.1 2.9 3.1 .4 3.9 3.0 2.1 Medical care services .................... 235.9 236.0 236.9 237.6 3.3 2.6 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.1 Professional medical services .......... 213.5 213.9 215.0 215.7 3.3 3.9 3.6 4.2 3.6 3.9 Entertainment 4/ ........................... 158.8 159.0 159.2 159.3 2.9 2.3 2.3 1.3 2.6 1.8 + _ Entertainment commodities 4/ ............. 142.9 143.1 143.1 142.5 1.4 2.0 .8 -1.1 1.7 -.1 + _ Entertainment services 4/ ................ 181.4 181.6 182.3 183.3 4.6 2.7 3.4 4.3 3.7 3.8 + _ Other goods and services 2/................. 216.8 217.7 218.7 220.8 3.6 3.2 4.0 7.6 3.4 5.8 + _ Tobacco and smoking products ............. 236.1 237.2 238.2 243.7 2.8 3.5 2.2 13.5 3.1 7.7 Personal care 1/ ......................... 151.6 151.4 151.6 152.6 1.1 2.4 1.9 2.7 1.7 2.3 + _ Toilet goods and personal care appliances 1/ ...................... 144.4 144.2 144.3 145.4 .8 1.1 -2.7 2.8 1.0 .0 + _ Personal care services 1/ .............. 160.8 160.8 161.2 162.1 1.3 4.7 7.3 3.3 3.0 5.3 + _ Personal and educational expenses 4/ ..... 249.2 250.6 251.8 252.6 4.9 3.5 5.6 5.6 4.2 5.6 + _ School books and supplies .............. 234.0 234.8 235.6 236.9 2.5 8.7 3.1 5.1 5.6 4.1 Personal and educational services 4/ ... 250.6 252.0 253.3 254.1 5.0 3.1 5.8 5.7 4.1 5.7 + _ Commodity and service group All items .................................... - - - - 2.4 3.1 2.9 1.0 2.8 1.9 Commodities ................................ 141.9 142.2 142.0 141.7 .6 3.2 2.6 -.6 1.9 1.0 Food and beverages ....................... 156.0 156.3 156.4 156.1 5.1 5.3 1.0 .3 5.2 .6 Commodities less food and beverages ...... 133.3 133.5 133.1 132.8 -2.1 1.8 3.7 -1.5 -.2 1.1 Nondurables less food and beverages .... 135.4 135.7 134.7 134.7 -2.1 1.8 6.1 -2.1 -.1 2.0 Apparel commodities 4/ ............... 128.0 128.5 128.1 129.4 -2.8 -1.6 3.2 4.4 -2.2 3.8 + _ Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel ...................... 142.2 142.4 141.2 140.7 -4.8 3.5 9.5 -4.2 -.7 2.5 Durables ............................... 129.3 129.4 129.4 129.0 -.3 .9 -.3 -.9 .3 -.6 Services ................................... 174.3 174.7 175.1 175.5 3.6 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.0 Rent of shelter 3/ ....................... 162.5 162.9 163.2 163.7 3.3 2.3 3.3 3.0 2.8 3.1 + _ Household services less rent of shelter 3/ 4/...................... 133.5 134.0 133.4 133.2 3.8 3.1 5.3 -.9 3.4 2.1 + _ _ Transportation services .................. 180.8 180.6 181.6 182.4 4.6 5.0 .2 3.6 4.8 1.9 Medical care services .................... 235.9 236.0 236.9 237.6 3.3 2.6 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.1 Other services ........................... 203.0 203.7 204.6 205.3 4.5 2.8 5.1 4.6 3.7 4.8 Special indexes All items less food .......................... 156.5 156.8 156.9 157.0 1.6 2.6 3.4 1.3 2.1 2.3 All items less shelter ....................... 153.5 153.7 153.7 153.6 1.9 3.5 2.9 .3 2.7 1.6 All items less homeowners' costs 3/ 4/........ 147.1 147.4 147.4 147.4 2.2 3.4 2.8 .8 2.8 1.8 + _ _ All items less medical care .................. 153.0 153.3 153.3 153.4 2.2 3.2 2.9 1.0 2.7 2.0 Commodities less food ........................ 134.6 134.8 134.4 134.2 -1.8 1.8 3.6 -1.2 .0 1.2 Nondurables less food ........................ 136.9 137.3 136.1 136.0 -2.1 2.7 5.7 -2.6 .3 1.5 Nondurables less food and apparel ............ 142.8 143.1 141.9 141.3 -2.0 4.4 6.7 -4.1 1.1 1.1 Nondurables .................................. 146.0 146.3 145.8 145.6 1.4 3.4 3.9 -1.1 2.4 1.4 Services less rent of shelter 3/ ............. 165.7 166.2 166.5 166.7 4.3 3.5 3.2 2.4 3.9 2.8 + _ Services less medical care services .......... 169.1 169.4 169.7 170.1 3.9 2.7 3.4 2.4 3.3 2.9 Energy ....................................... 114.6 114.9 112.8 110.7 -6.0 4.1 16.1 -12.9 -1.1 .5 All items less energy ........................ 162.6 162.9 163.3 163.6 3.0 3.0 1.7 2.5 3.0 2.1 All items less food and energy ............. 164.6 164.9 165.3 165.8 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.9 2.5 2.6 Commodities less food and energy commodities .......................... 141.6 141.9 142.1 142.4 .0 1.1 .9 2.3 .6 1.6 Energy commodities ..................... 112.0 111.7 109.1 106.2 -12.3 5.8 21.4 -19.2 -3.6 -.9 Services less energy services ............ 180.0 180.3 180.9 181.5 3.9 3.0 2.7 3.4 3.4 3.0 + 1/ Not seasonally adjusted. + _ 2/ This index series will undergo a change in composition in January, 1998. + _ 3/ Indexes on a December 1984=100 base. + _ 4/ This index series will no longer appear in its present form after December, 1997. + _ See Table X for a comparable index series. - Data not available. NOTE: Index applies to a month as a whole, not to any specific date. Table 6. Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: Selected areas, all items index (1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted) + Indexes Percent change to Percent change to Area Pricing Apr. 1997 from- Mar. 1997 from- schedule Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Mar. Jan. Feb. 1/ 1997 1997 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 1996 1997 1997 + _ U.S. city average ...................... M 156.3 156.8 157.0 157.2 2.3 0.3 0.1 2.7 0.4 0.1 Region and area size 2/ + _ Northeast urban......................... M 163.5 164.2 164.5 164.4 2.6 .1 -.1 2.7 .6 .2 Size A - More than 1,200,000 ........ M 163.1 163.9 164.2 163.9 2.4 .0 -.2 2.6 .7 .2 Size B - 500,000 to 1,200,000 3/..... M 162.0 161.9 162.6 163.1 2.9 .7 .3 2.8 .4 .4 + _ Size C - 50,000 to 500,000 3/........ M 166.3 166.8 167.0 167.0 2.5 .1 .0 3.0 .4 .1 + _ North Central urban .................... M 152.1 152.4 152.4 152.6 2.4 .1 .1 2.8 .2 .0 Size A - More than 1,200,000 ........ M 151.9 152.3 152.3 152.6 2.4 .2 .2 2.5 .3 .0 Size B - 360,000 to 1,200,000 3/..... M 150.5 150.5 150.5 150.8 2.4 .2 .2 2.7 .0 .0 + _ Size C - 50,000 to 360,000 3/........ M 155.2 155.6 155.3 155.4 2.7 -.1 .1 3.3 .1 -.2 + _ Size D - Nonmetropolitan (less than 50,000) ......... M 150.5 150.3 150.1 150.0 2.0 -.2 -.1 3.0 -.3 -.1 South urban ............................ M 154.2 154.5 154.8 155.1 2.2 .4 .2 2.7 .4 .2 Size A - More than 1,200,000 ........ M 153.1 153.2 153.4 153.6 2.0 .3 .1 2.6 .2 .1 Size B - 450,000 to 1,200,000 3/..... M 154.7 155.0 155.6 155.8 2.6 .5 .1 3.0 .6 .4 + _ Size C - 50,000 to 450,000 3/........ M 154.9 155.5 155.5 155.8 1.8 .2 .2 2.3 .4 .0 + _ Size D - Nonmetropolitan (less than 50,000) ......... M 155.3 155.8 156.1 156.3 2.2 .3 .1 2.6 .5 .2 West urban ............................. M 156.3 156.8 157.4 157.8 2.3 .6 .3 2.6 .7 .4 Size A - More than 1,250,000 ........ M 154.7 155.2 155.9 156.2 2.2 .6 .2 2.5 .8 .5 Size C - 50,000 to 330,000 3/........ M 161.7 162.1 163.1 163.3 2.6 .7 .1 3.1 .9 .6 + _ Size classes A 4/ ................................. M 142.5 143.0 143.2 143.4 2.3 .3 .1 2.5 .5 .1 + _ B 3/ ................................. M 156.3 156.5 157.0 157.3 2.6 .5 .2 2.9 .4 .3 + _ C 3/ ................................. M 158.2 158.7 158.8 159.0 2.3 .2 .1 2.8 .4 .1 + _ D .................................... M 155.3 155.4 155.4 155.6 2.1 .1 .1 2.6 .1 .0 Selected local areas Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL-IN-WI...... M 155.3 155.9 155.6 155.3 2.5 -.4 -.2 2.8 .2 -.2 Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA ...... M 153.6 153.6 154.2 154.3 1.2 .5 .1 1.5 .4 .4 N.Y.-Northern N.J.-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT M 165.1 166.2 166.6 166.1 2.4 -.1 -.3 2.5 .9 .2 Phil.-Wilmington-Trenton, PA-NJ-DE-MD 5/ ......................... M 164.4 164.9 165.3 165.1 2.4 .1 -.1 2.5 .5 .2 + _ San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA 5/ .. M 154.1 155.0 156.2 156.7 3.2 1.1 .3 3.6 1.4 .8 + _ Baltimore, MD 6/ ....................... 1 154.6 - 155.9 - - - - 2.7 .8 - + _ Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA-NH ........... 1 166.6 - 166.8 - - - - 3.2 .1 - Cleveland-Akron-Lorain, OH ............. 1 146.2 - 147.5 - - - - 3.1 .9 - Miami-Fort Lauderdale, FL .............. 1 156.0 - 156.2 - - - - 3.9 .1 - St. Louis-East St. Louis, MO-IL 7/ ..... 1 150.6 - 151.1 - - - - 2.1 .3 - + _ Washington, DC-MD-VA 6/ ................ 1 158.9 - 159.1 - - - - 2.4 .1 - + _ Dallas-Fort Worth, TX .................. 2 - 150.8 - 150.4 1.2 -.3 - - - - Detroit-Ann Arbor, MI .................. 2 - 150.3 - 151.0 2.3 .5 - - - - Houston-Galveston-Brazoria, TX ......... 2 - 143.6 - 144.1 1.3 .3 - - - - Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley, PA 7/ ........ 2 - 149.6 - 150.1 2.5 .3 - - - - + _ + 1/ Foods, fuels, and several other items priced every month in all areas; most other goods and services priced as + _ indicated: M - Every month. 1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December. 2/ Regions defined as the four Census regions. See map in technical notes. + _ 3/ Starting in January, 1998, a new Size Class B/C will be introduced, composed of current + _ Size Class B and Size Class C cities. There will be no individual Size Class B or Size Class C. 4/ Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. + _ 5/ Indexes for the cities of Philadelphia and San Francisco will no longer be published on a monthly + _ basis starting in January, 1998. Beginning in February, 1998 they will be published on a bi-monthly basis. 6/ Indexes for the cities of Washington and Baltimore will no longer be published separately after December, 1997. + _ Beginning in January, 1998 the two cities will be published as a Washington-Baltimore combined metropolitan area. 7/ Indexes for the cities of Pittsburgh and St. Louis will no longer be published on a bi-monthly + _ basis after December, 1997. Beginning in July, 1998 they will be published semi-annually, each January and July. - Data not available. NOTE: Local area CPI indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is, therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national average CPI for use in their escalator clauses.