Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 05-30 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, January 7, 2005. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2004 Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 157,000 in December, and the unem- ployment rate was unchanged at 5.4 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Job growth continued in sev- eral service-providing industries. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons, 8.0 million, and the unemployment rate, 5.4 percent, were unchanged in December. The jobless rate has been either 5.4 or 5.5 percent in each month since July, slightly below the rates that prevailed in the first half of 2004. In December, the unemployment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (4.9 percent), adult women (4.7 percent), teenagers (17.6 percent), whites (4.6 percent), blacks (10.8 percent), and Hispanics or Latinos (6.6 percent)-- showed little or no change over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians was 4.1 percent in December, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) The number of long-term unemployed--those unemployed 27 weeks and over--was about unchanged over the month. This group accounted for 20.2 percent of the total unemployed. Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment, at 140.2 million in December, was little changed over the month but was 1.7 million higher than a year earlier. The proportion of the working-age population that was employed (the employment-population ratio) was 62.4 percent in December, about the same as a year earlier. Both the civilian labor force, at 148.2 million in December, and the labor force participation rate, at 66.0 percent, were about unchanged from the previous month. (See table A-1.) The number of persons who work part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 mil- lion, was about unchanged in December but was down by 308,000 over the year. This category includes persons who indicated that they would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or be- cause they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.) Over the year, the number of persons who held more than one job increased by 574,000 to 7.8 million, not seasonally adjusted. These multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of total employment in December. (See table A-13.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised | | using updated seasonal adjustment factors that incorporate 2004 | | data. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2000 were sub- | | ject to revision. The unemployment rates for January-December 2004, | | as originally published and as revised, appear on page 5, along with | | additional information on the revisions. | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ______________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Nov.- Category | 2004 | 2004 | Dec. |_________________|__________________________|change | III | IV | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force.....| 147,677| 148,136| 147,893| 148,313| 148,203| -110 Employment.............| 139,608| 140,092| 139,827| 140,293| 140,156| -137 Unemployment...........| 8,069| 8,044| 8,066| 8,020| 8,047| 27 Not in labor force.......| 76,003| 76,282| 76,299| 76,109| 76,437| 328 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers..............| 5.5| 5.4| 5.5| 5.4| 5.4| 0.0 Adult men..............| 5.0| 4.9| 4.9| 4.9| 4.9| .0 Adult women............| 4.8| 4.7| 4.8| 4.7| 4.7| .0 Teenagers..............| 17.1| 17.1| 17.2| 16.5| 17.6| 1.1 White..................| 4.7| 4.6| 4.7| 4.6| 4.6| .0 Black or African | | | | | | American.............| 10.6| 10.8| 10.7| 10.8| 10.8| .0 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity............| 6.9| 6.7| 6.7| 6.7| 6.6| -.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment.......| 131,515|p132,116| 131,972|p132,109|p132,266| p157 Goods-producing 1/.....| 21,934| p22,021| 22,016| p22,017| p22,030| p13 Construction.........| 6,937| p7,025| 7,018| p7,025| p7,032| p7 Manufacturing........| 14,406| p14,401| 14,406| p14,397| p14,400| p3 Service-providing 1/...| 109,580|p110,095| 109,956|p110,092|p110,236| p144 Retail trade 2/......| 15,039| p15,055| 15,056| p15,065| p15,045| p-20 Professional and | | | | | | business services..| 16,519| p16,671| 16,643| p16,664| p16,705| p41 Education and health | | | | | | services...........| 16,949| p17,089| 17,049| p17,086| p17,133| p47 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality........| 12,346| p12,383| 12,362| p12,387| p12,399| p12 Government...........| 21,618| p21,693| 21,675| p21,687| p21,716| p29 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 33.8| p33.8| 33.8| p33.7| p33.8| p0.1 Manufacturing..........| 40.8| p40.5| 40.6| p40.5| p40.5| p.0 Overtime.............| 4.6| p4.5| 4.5| p4.5| p4.5| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 100.6| p101.1| 101.1| p100.9| p101.3| p0.4 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 3/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| $15.75| p$15.84| $15.82| p$15.84| p$15.86| p$0.02 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| 531.82| p534.87| 534.72| p533.81| p536.07| p2.26 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated based on unrounded data. 3 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised. See note on Page 5. - 3 - Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) There were 1.5 million persons who were marginally attached to the labor force in December, essentially the same as a year earlier. (Data are not sea- sonally adjusted.) These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 442,000 discouraged workers in December, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.0 million marginally attached had not searched for work for reasons such as school or family responsibili- ties. (See table A-13.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 157,000 in December to 132.3 million, seasonally adjusted. This increase followed a gain of 137,000 in November (as revised). Over the year, payroll employment grew by 2.2 million. December's increase included gains in health care and social assistance, pro- fessional and business services, wholesale trade, and financial activities. (See table B-1.) Health care and social assistance continued to add jobs over the month, with an increase of 36,000. Over the year, employment in this industry rose by 342,000. In December, employment increased in ambulatory health care ser- vices (17,000), hospitals (5,000), and social assistance (13,000). Professional and business services added 41,000 jobs over the month, bring- ing the over-the-year gain to 546,000. In December, employment rose in com- puter systems design and related services (10,000) and in architectural and engineering services (7,000). Employment in the temporary help industry continued to trend upward; job growth totaled 206,000 in 2004. Employment in wholesale trade increased by 17,000 in December and by 97,000 over the year. About 10,000 of the over-the-month gain was in its durable goods component. Employment in financial activities rose over the month (14,000) and in- creased by 140,000 in 2004. Over the year, strength in the housing market continued to stimulate hiring in the industry. Credit intermediation added 9,000 jobs in December, bringing the total to 64,000 for all of 2004. Real estate employment was flat in December but was up by 42,000 over the year. Retail trade employment edged down in December, after seasonal adjustment. Since reaching a low point in December 2003, however, retailers have added 169,000 jobs. Building material and garden supply stores and clothing and accessory stores contributed about 50,000 jobs each to the over-the-year gain. In December, construction employment was little changed for the second month in a row. However, the industry has added 371,000 jobs since its re- cent low point in March 2003. Manufacturing employment was about unchanged in December. The industry added 76,000 jobs in 2004; nearly all of the gain occurred early in the year. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour in December to 33.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek and factory overtime were unchanged at 40.5 hours and 4.5 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.4 percent in December to 101.3 (2002=100), following a decrease of 0.2 percent in November. The manufacturing index was unchanged over the month at 94.3. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 2 cents in December to $15.86, seasonally ad- justed. Average weekly earnings increased by 0.4 percent over the month to $536.07. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 2.7 percent, and average weekly earnings grew by 3.3 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for January 2005 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). ---------------------------------------------------------------- | Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data | | | | With the release of January data on February 4, BLS will | | introduce revisions to the nonfarm payroll employment, hours, | | and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustments | | for March 2004 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Un- | | adjusted data since April 2003 and seasonally adjusted data | | since January 2000 are subject to revision. | | | | Also with the publication of January data, BLS will in- | | clude separate employment series for motor vehicle and parts | | manufacturing and health care in table B-1 of this release. | | In addition, within construction, four new series will be | | added: residential specialty trade contractors, nonresidential | | specialty trade contractors, residential building contractors, | | and nonresidential building contractors. More information on | | the addition of these new series is available on the BLS Web | | site at http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnewseries.htm. | ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | Planned Changes in the Household Survey Data | | | | Effective with the release of data for January 2005, revi- | | sions will be introduced into the population controls for the | | household survey. These changes reflect the routine annual | | updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. | | Census Bureau. | ---------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal ad- justment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Popula- tion Survey (CPS), or household survey, to incorporate the data for that year. This year, seasonally adjusted data for January 2000-December 2004 were subject to revision. (Seasonally adjusted establishment data will be revised next month, concurrent with the introduction of annual benchmark adjustments.) Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall unemploy- ment rate since January 2004. The rate was revised in 2 months, in each case by +/-0.1 percentage point. Revised seasonally adjusted data for major labor force series since December 2003 appear in table C. Beginning with the release of December 2003 data in January 2004, BLS converted to the use of concurrent seasonal adjustment to produce seasonally adjusted labor force estimates from the CPS. Concurrent seasonal adjustment uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the most current month, in developing seasonal factors. Due to this change in methodology, BLS no longer publishes seasonal factors for the CPS estimates. Historical seasonally adjusted household survey data are revised only at the end of each calendar year. The January 2005 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article describing the current seasonal adjustment methodology for the household sur- vey data and revised data for the most recent months or quarters for all re- gularly published tables containing seasonally adjusted household survey data. A copy of the article is available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2005.pdf on the Internet. Historical data for the household series contained in the "A" tables of this release also can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/cps/ cpsatabs.htm on the BLS Internet site. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data also are available on the Internet at ftp://ftp. bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/. Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision, January-December 2004 --------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Month and year | As first | As | Change | published | revised | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------- | | | 2004 | | | | | | January..............| 5.6 | 5.7 | 0.1 February.............| 5.6 | 5.6 | .0 March................| 5.7 | 5.7 | .0 April................| 5.6 | 5.5 | -.1 May..................| 5.6 | 5.6 | .0 June.................| 5.6 | 5.6 | .0 July.................| 5.5 | 5.5 | .0 August...............| 5.4 | 5.4 | .0 September............| 5.4 | 5.4 | .0 October..............| 5.5 | 5.5 | .0 November.............| 5.4 | 5.4 | .0 December.............| 5.4 | (1) | (1) --------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Because of the use of concurrent seasonal adjustment, there is no revised estimate for December. - 6 - HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) 2003 2004 Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population (1).................................. 222,509 222,161 222,357 222,550 222,757 222,967 223,196 223,422 223,677 223,941 224,192 224,422 224,640 Civilian labor force.................. 146,808 146,785 146,529 146,737 146,788 147,018 147,386 147,823 147,676 147,531 147,893 148,313 148,203 Participation rate.............. 66.0 66.1 65.9 65.9 65.9 65.9 66.0 66.2 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.1 66.0 Employed............................ 138,409 138,481 138,334 138,408 138,645 138,846 139,158 139,639 139,658 139,527 139,827 140,293 140,156 Employment-population ratio..... 62.2 62.3 62.2 62.2 62.2 62.3 62.3 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.4 62.5 62.4 Unemployed.......................... 8,399 8,303 8,195 8,330 8,143 8,172 8,228 8,184 8,018 8,005 8,066 8,020 8,047 Unemployment rate............... 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population (1).................................. 98,927 98,866 98,966 99,065 99,170 99,279 99,396 99,512 99,642 99,776 99,904 100,017 100,126 Civilian labor force.................. 75,103 75,139 74,854 75,035 74,908 75,095 75,361 75,567 75,615 75,462 75,632 75,866 75,754 Participation rate.............. 75.9 76.0 75.6 75.7 75.5 75.6 75.8 75.9 75.9 75.6 75.7 75.9 75.7 Employed............................ 71,135 71,283 71,014 71,158 71,158 71,226 71,575 71,830 71,847 71,701 71,895 72,134 72,020 Employment-population ratio..... 71.9 72.1 71.8 71.8 71.8 71.7 72.0 72.2 72.1 71.9 72.0 72.1 71.9 Unemployed.......................... 3,968 3,856 3,840 3,877 3,751 3,869 3,786 3,737 3,768 3,761 3,736 3,733 3,733 Unemployment rate............... 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population (1).................................. 107,404 107,131 107,216 107,299 107,389 107,483 107,586 107,687 107,801 107,920 108,032 108,129 108,221 Civilian labor force.................. 64,743 64,475 64,636 64,723 64,776 64,803 64,989 65,085 64,909 65,008 65,126 65,244 65,260 Participation rate.............. 60.3 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.3 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.2 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.3 Employed............................ 61,437 61,237 61,456 61,424 61,591 61,723 61,731 61,902 61,877 61,939 62,024 62,145 62,208 Employment-population ratio..... 57.2 57.2 57.3 57.2 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.5 Unemployed.......................... 3,306 3,238 3,179 3,299 3,185 3,080 3,259 3,183 3,032 3,069 3,102 3,099 3,051 Unemployment rate............... 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population (1).................................. 16,178 16,164 16,175 16,186 16,198 16,205 16,214 16,222 16,234 16,246 16,257 16,275 16,293 Civilian labor force.................. 6,961 7,171 7,039 6,979 7,104 7,120 7,036 7,172 7,152 7,062 7,135 7,202 7,189 Participation rate.............. 43.0 44.4 43.5 43.1 43.9 43.9 43.4 44.2 44.1 43.5 43.9 44.2 44.1 Employed............................ 5,836 5,962 5,864 5,825 5,897 5,896 5,853 5,907 5,934 5,887 5,908 6,014 5,927 Employment-population ratio..... 36.1 36.9 36.3 36.0 36.4 36.4 36.1 36.4 36.6 36.2 36.3 36.9 36.4 Unemployed.......................... 1,125 1,209 1,175 1,154 1,207 1,223 1,184 1,265 1,217 1,175 1,227 1,188 1,262 Unemployment rate............... 16.2 16.9 16.7 16.5 17.0 17.2 16.8 17.6 17.0 16.6 17.2 16.5 17.6 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. - 7 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the informa- tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house- holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establish- ment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro- fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. - 8 - Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri- vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and method- ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur- veys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in- dividuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The ef- fect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctua- tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad- justing the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make non- seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. - 9 - Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 350,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -250,000 to 450,000 (100,000 +/- 350,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc- curred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 320,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .22 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. - 10 - The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 222,509 224,422 224,640 222,509 223,677 223,941 224,192 224,422 224,640 Civilian labor force............................ 146,501 148,246 147,877 146,808 147,676 147,531 147,893 148,313 148,203 Participation rate........................ 65.8 66.1 65.8 66.0 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.1 66.0 Employed...................................... 138,556 140,581 140,278 138,409 139,658 139,527 139,827 140,293 140,156 Employment-population ratio............... 62.3 62.6 62.4 62.2 62.4 62.3 62.4 62.5 62.4 Unemployed.................................... 7,945 7,665 7,599 8,399 8,018 8,005 8,066 8,020 8,047 Unemployment rate......................... 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 Not in labor force.............................. 76,007 76,176 76,763 75,701 76,001 76,410 76,299 76,109 76,437 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,355 4,755 4,607 4,730 4,908 4,903 5,338 5,087 5,021 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,123 108,276 108,392 107,123 107,881 108,020 108,153 108,276 108,392 Civilian labor force............................ 78,413 79,455 79,093 78,710 79,253 79,041 79,290 79,602 79,412 Participation rate........................ 73.2 73.4 73.0 73.5 73.5 73.2 73.3 73.5 73.3 Employed...................................... 73,901 75,232 74,707 74,122 74,824 74,629 74,852 75,188 74,938 Employment-population ratio............... 69.0 69.5 68.9 69.2 69.4 69.1 69.2 69.4 69.1 Unemployed.................................... 4,512 4,224 4,385 4,587 4,429 4,413 4,438 4,414 4,474 Unemployment rate......................... 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 Not in labor force.............................. 28,710 28,820 29,300 28,413 28,628 28,979 28,863 28,674 28,981 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 98,927 100,017 100,126 98,927 99,642 99,776 99,904 100,017 100,126 Civilian labor force............................ 74,984 75,857 75,625 75,103 75,615 75,462 75,632 75,866 75,754 Participation rate........................ 75.8 75.8 75.5 75.9 75.9 75.6 75.7 75.9 75.7 Employed...................................... 71,024 72,273 71,897 71,135 71,847 71,701 71,895 72,134 72,020 Employment-population ratio............... 71.8 72.3 71.8 71.9 72.1 71.9 72.0 72.1 71.9 Unemployed.................................... 3,960 3,584 3,727 3,968 3,768 3,761 3,736 3,733 3,733 Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 Not in labor force.............................. 23,943 24,160 24,501 23,824 24,026 24,314 24,272 24,151 24,372 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 115,386 116,146 116,247 115,386 115,796 115,921 116,039 116,146 116,247 Civilian labor force............................ 68,089 68,791 68,785 68,098 68,423 68,490 68,603 68,711 68,791 Participation rate........................ 59.0 59.2 59.2 59.0 59.1 59.1 59.1 59.2 59.2 Employed...................................... 64,656 65,349 65,571 64,286 64,834 64,898 64,975 65,104 65,218 Employment-population ratio............... 56.0 56.3 56.4 55.7 56.0 56.0 56.0 56.1 56.1 Unemployed.................................... 3,433 3,441 3,214 3,811 3,589 3,592 3,628 3,606 3,573 Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 Not in labor force.............................. 47,298 47,356 47,463 47,288 47,373 47,431 47,436 47,436 47,456 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,404 108,129 108,221 107,404 107,801 107,920 108,032 108,129 108,221 Civilian labor force............................ 64,855 65,446 65,383 64,743 64,909 65,008 65,126 65,244 65,260 Participation rate........................ 60.4 60.5 60.4 60.3 60.2 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.3 Employed...................................... 61,823 62,492 62,581 61,437 61,877 61,939 62,024 62,145 62,208 Employment-population ratio............... 57.6 57.8 57.8 57.2 57.4 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 3,031 2,954 2,802 3,306 3,032 3,069 3,102 3,099 3,051 Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.5 4.3 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 Not in labor force.............................. 42,550 42,683 42,838 42,661 42,892 42,912 42,906 42,885 42,961 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,178 16,275 16,293 16,178 16,234 16,246 16,257 16,275 16,293 Civilian labor force............................ 6,663 6,943 6,870 6,961 7,152 7,062 7,135 7,202 7,189 Participation rate........................ 41.2 42.7 42.2 43.0 44.1 43.5 43.9 44.2 44.1 Employed...................................... 5,709 5,816 5,800 5,836 5,934 5,887 5,908 6,014 5,927 Employment-population ratio............... 35.3 35.7 35.6 36.1 36.6 36.2 36.3 36.9 36.4 Unemployed.................................... 954 1,127 1,070 1,125 1,217 1,175 1,227 1,188 1,262 Unemployment rate......................... 14.3 16.2 15.6 16.2 17.0 16.6 17.2 16.5 17.6 Not in labor force.............................. 9,515 9,333 9,423 9,216 9,082 9,184 9,122 9,074 9,104 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 182,185 183,340 183,483 182,185 182,846 183,022 183,188 183,340 183,483 Civilian labor force............................ 120,453 121,590 121,257 120,703 121,278 120,995 121,273 121,606 121,509 Participation rate.......................... 66.1 66.3 66.1 66.3 66.3 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.2 Employed...................................... 114,702 116,247 115,978 114,626 115,526 115,318 115,618 115,966 115,910 Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 63.4 63.2 62.9 63.2 63.0 63.1 63.3 63.2 Unemployed.................................... 5,751 5,342 5,279 6,077 5,752 5,677 5,655 5,640 5,600 Unemployment rate........................... 4.8 4.4 4.4 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 Not in labor force.............................. 61,732 61,751 62,226 61,482 61,568 62,027 61,915 61,735 61,973 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 62,656 63,264 63,110 62,738 63,115 62,859 63,092 63,225 63,199 Participation rate.......................... 76.1 76.2 76.0 76.2 76.3 75.9 76.1 76.2 76.1 Employed...................................... 59,680 60,742 60,466 59,780 60,368 60,149 60,415 60,565 60,570 Employment-population ratio................. 72.5 73.2 72.8 72.6 73.0 72.6 72.9 73.0 72.9 Unemployed.................................... 2,975 2,522 2,645 2,958 2,747 2,710 2,678 2,660 2,629 Unemployment rate........................... 4.7 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 52,227 52,587 52,459 52,168 52,214 52,243 52,270 52,443 52,385 Participation rate.......................... 59.8 59.9 59.8 59.8 59.7 59.6 59.6 59.8 59.7 Employed...................................... 50,186 50,585 50,625 49,901 50,126 50,141 50,186 50,318 50,344 Employment-population ratio................. 57.5 57.7 57.7 57.2 57.3 57.2 57.2 57.4 57.3 Unemployed.................................... 2,040 2,002 1,834 2,267 2,088 2,102 2,084 2,125 2,040 Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 3.8 3.5 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,571 5,738 5,688 5,796 5,949 5,893 5,911 5,938 5,926 Participation rate.......................... 44.3 45.5 45.0 46.1 47.2 46.7 46.9 47.0 46.9 Employed...................................... 4,835 4,920 4,887 4,944 5,032 5,028 5,017 5,083 4,995 Employment-population ratio................. 38.4 39.0 38.7 39.3 39.9 39.9 39.8 40.3 39.5 Unemployed.................................... 736 818 801 852 917 865 894 855 931 Unemployment rate........................... 13.2 14.3 14.1 14.7 15.4 14.7 15.1 14.4 15.7 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,894 26,239 26,273 25,894 26,120 26,163 26,204 26,239 26,273 Civilian labor force............................ 16,422 16,814 16,773 16,362 16,721 16,711 16,820 16,728 16,713 Participation rate.......................... 63.4 64.1 63.8 63.2 64.0 63.9 64.2 63.8 63.6 Employed...................................... 14,828 15,029 15,033 14,697 14,972 14,981 15,012 14,913 14,907 Employment-population ratio................. 57.3 57.3 57.2 56.8 57.3 57.3 57.3 56.8 56.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,594 1,784 1,739 1,665 1,749 1,730 1,808 1,814 1,806 Unemployment rate........................... 9.7 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.5 10.4 10.7 10.8 10.8 Not in labor force.............................. 9,472 9,425 9,500 9,532 9,399 9,452 9,384 9,512 9,559 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,422 7,544 7,507 7,386 7,439 7,470 7,490 7,485 7,473 Participation rate.......................... 71.6 71.6 71.1 71.2 70.9 71.1 71.2 71.0 70.8 Employed...................................... 6,718 6,757 6,696 6,699 6,665 6,707 6,722 6,697 6,677 Employment-population ratio................. 64.8 64.1 63.4 64.6 63.6 63.8 63.9 63.5 63.3 Unemployed.................................... 704 788 811 687 774 763 768 788 796 Unemployment rate........................... 9.5 10.4 10.8 9.3 10.4 10.2 10.2 10.5 10.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,325 8,471 8,532 8,271 8,483 8,504 8,513 8,438 8,477 Participation rate.......................... 63.4 63.9 64.3 63.0 64.2 64.3 64.3 63.6 63.9 Employed...................................... 7,595 7,719 7,804 7,487 7,743 7,747 7,756 7,675 7,702 Employment-population ratio................. 57.9 58.2 58.8 57.1 58.6 58.6 58.6 57.9 58.0 Unemployed.................................... 730 752 727 784 740 757 757 763 775 Unemployment rate........................... 8.8 8.9 8.5 9.5 8.7 8.9 8.9 9.0 9.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 675 799 734 706 799 737 818 804 763 Participation rate.......................... 28.1 32.7 30.0 29.4 32.9 30.3 33.6 33.0 31.2 Employed...................................... 514 554 533 511 564 526 534 542 528 Employment-population ratio................. 21.4 22.7 21.8 21.3 23.2 21.6 21.9 22.2 21.6 Unemployed.................................... 161 244 201 195 235 211 283 263 235 Unemployment rate........................... 23.8 30.6 27.4 27.6 29.4 28.6 34.7 32.7 30.8 ASIAN Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,372 9,655 9,658 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force............................ 6,272 6,416 6,394 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 66.9 66.5 66.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 5,938 6,149 6,130 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 63.4 63.7 63.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 334 267 264 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 5.3 4.2 4.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force.............................. 3,101 3,239 3,264 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 28,116 28,520 28,608 28,116 28,243 28,338 28,431 28,520 28,608 Civilian labor force............................ 19,031 19,548 19,514 19,051 19,463 19,444 19,524 19,552 19,544 Participation rate.......................... 67.7 68.5 68.2 67.8 68.9 68.6 68.7 68.6 68.3 Employed...................................... 17,785 18,258 18,236 17,794 18,128 18,079 18,213 18,238 18,252 Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 64.0 63.7 63.3 64.2 63.8 64.1 63.9 63.8 Unemployed.................................... 1,246 1,290 1,279 1,257 1,335 1,366 1,311 1,313 1,292 Unemployment rate........................... 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.9 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.6 Not in labor force.............................. 9,085 8,972 9,094 9,065 8,780 8,894 8,907 8,968 9,064 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 11,015 11,271 11,175 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 84.2 84.8 83.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 10,381 10,654 10,541 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 79.3 80.2 79.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 634 617 634 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 5.8 5.5 5.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,126 7,264 7,312 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 57.2 57.7 57.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,666 6,765 6,827 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 53.5 53.7 54.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 459 498 485 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 6.4 6.9 6.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 890 1,013 1,028 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 34.6 38.4 38.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 738 839 868 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 28.7 31.8 32.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 152 174 160 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 17.1 17.2 15.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force...................... 12,640 12,725 12,895 12,586 12,554 12,742 12,502 12,722 12,814 Participation rate.................... 44.6 45.3 45.3 44.4 45.6 45.3 45.0 45.3 45.0 Employed................................ 11,554 11,714 11,762 11,566 11,531 11,608 11,471 11,703 11,746 Employment-population ratio........... 40.8 41.7 41.3 40.8 41.9 41.3 41.3 41.6 41.3 Unemployed.............................. 1,086 1,012 1,133 1,021 1,023 1,133 1,031 1,019 1,068 Unemployment rate..................... 8.6 8.0 8.8 8.1 8.2 8.9 8.2 8.0 8.3 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force...................... 38,170 37,809 37,842 37,997 38,002 37,700 37,712 37,630 37,695 Participation rate.................... 63.8 63.4 63.3 63.5 63.2 63.2 63.5 63.1 63.1 Employed................................ 36,131 36,034 36,035 35,911 36,129 35,894 35,874 35,788 35,846 Employment-population ratio........... 60.4 60.4 60.3 60.1 60.1 60.2 60.4 60.0 60.0 Unemployed.............................. 2,039 1,776 1,808 2,086 1,873 1,806 1,838 1,842 1,849 Unemployment rate..................... 5.3 4.7 4.8 5.5 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force...................... 34,101 34,509 34,391 34,125 34,499 34,431 34,548 34,549 34,483 Participation rate.................... 72.6 72.3 72.1 72.7 72.1 72.2 71.8 72.4 72.3 Employed................................ 32,658 33,062 32,968 32,617 33,096 33,037 33,112 33,051 32,995 Employment-population ratio........... 69.5 69.3 69.1 69.4 69.1 69.3 68.8 69.3 69.2 Unemployed.............................. 1,443 1,447 1,423 1,508 1,404 1,394 1,435 1,498 1,487 Unemployment rate..................... 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.3 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force...................... 40,206 41,139 40,835 40,408 40,219 40,471 40,772 41,131 41,026 Participation rate.................... 78.4 78.5 78.3 78.8 77.8 77.8 77.8 78.5 78.7 Employed................................ 39,078 40,156 39,894 39,188 39,152 39,438 39,744 40,090 40,009 Employment-population ratio........... 76.2 76.6 76.5 76.4 75.7 75.8 75.8 76.5 76.7 Unemployed.............................. 1,128 982 941 1,219 1,068 1,033 1,027 1,041 1,018 Unemployment rate..................... 2.8 2.4 2.3 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries....... 2,053 2,147 1,996 2,239 2,305 2,221 2,155 2,212 2,179 Wage and salary workers................ 1,168 1,173 1,061 1,298 1,265 1,213 1,194 1,204 1,185 Self-employed workers.................. 870 947 918 917 1,014 970 921 952 963 Unpaid family workers.................. 15 27 16 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries............... 136,503 138,434 138,282 136,172 137,321 137,460 137,764 138,068 137,973 Wage and salary workers................ 126,984 128,699 128,783 126,639 127,628 127,829 128,035 128,431 128,459 Government........................... 19,821 20,428 20,381 19,701 20,117 20,166 20,213 20,309 20,270 Private industries................... 107,163 108,271 108,401 107,024 107,508 107,692 107,823 108,120 108,257 Private households................. 780 779 789 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries................... 106,383 107,493 107,612 106,274 106,686 106,910 107,090 107,360 107,492 Self-employed workers.................. 9,412 9,668 9,420 9,472 9,630 9,481 9,702 9,505 9,473 Unpaid family workers.................. 107 66 80 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,833 4,398 4,516 4,782 4,509 4,476 4,762 4,533 4,474 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,327 2,716 2,851 3,197 2,816 2,805 3,052 2,761 2,735 Could only find part-time work....... 1,182 1,381 1,304 1,305 1,403 1,312 1,385 1,420 1,440 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,543 20,620 20,361 18,656 19,657 19,410 19,704 19,499 19,502 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,717 4,255 4,399 4,704 4,408 4,400 4,656 4,404 4,382 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,248 2,616 2,774 3,149 2,722 2,750 2,971 2,685 2,682 Could only find part-time work....... 1,178 1,365 1,288 1,272 1,388 1,320 1,363 1,396 1,397 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,246 20,259 19,962 18,416 19,204 19,061 19,288 19,141 19,176 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 138,556 140,581 140,278 138,409 139,658 139,527 139,827 140,293 140,156 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,709 5,816 5,800 5,836 5,934 5,887 5,908 6,014 5,927 16 to 17 years................................ 2,175 2,188 2,168 2,274 2,121 2,149 2,189 2,240 2,261 18 to 19 years................................ 3,534 3,628 3,632 3,591 3,875 3,730 3,711 3,739 3,691 20 years and over............................... 132,847 134,765 134,478 132,572 133,724 133,640 133,920 134,279 134,229 20 to 24 years................................ 13,426 13,799 13,819 13,451 13,777 13,641 13,842 13,818 13,851 25 years and over............................. 119,421 120,966 120,659 119,170 119,994 119,993 120,066 120,455 120,421 25 to 54 years.............................. 97,613 98,279 97,836 97,449 97,610 97,667 97,700 97,885 97,701 25 to 34 years............................ 30,384 30,675 30,509 30,369 30,496 30,508 30,432 30,495 30,504 35 to 44 years............................ 34,861 34,840 34,707 34,789 34,547 34,556 34,599 34,739 34,632 45 to 54 years............................ 32,368 32,763 32,620 32,292 32,568 32,604 32,669 32,651 32,566 55 years and over........................... 21,808 22,687 22,823 21,721 22,384 22,326 22,366 22,571 22,719 Men, 16 years and over............................ 73,901 75,232 74,707 74,122 74,824 74,629 74,852 75,188 74,938 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,877 2,958 2,810 2,987 2,977 2,927 2,957 3,055 2,917 16 to 17 years................................ 1,072 1,089 992 1,136 1,018 1,040 1,072 1,117 1,049 18 to 19 years................................ 1,805 1,869 1,818 1,847 2,016 1,874 1,879 1,914 1,862 20 years and over............................... 71,024 72,273 71,897 71,135 71,847 71,701 71,895 72,134 72,020 20 to 24 years................................ 6,993 7,249 7,274 7,067 7,284 7,151 7,307 7,295 7,354 25 years and over............................. 64,031 65,024 64,623 64,110 64,591 64,497 64,592 64,823 64,704 25 to 54 years.............................. 52,386 52,830 52,464 52,476 52,564 52,553 52,582 52,695 52,563 25 to 34 years............................ 16,748 16,945 16,785 16,774 16,946 16,917 16,900 16,851 16,818 35 to 44 years............................ 18,825 18,839 18,697 18,849 18,641 18,639 18,649 18,799 18,719 45 to 54 years............................ 16,813 17,046 16,983 16,853 16,977 16,998 17,033 17,045 17,026 55 years and over........................... 11,645 12,194 12,159 11,634 12,026 11,943 12,010 12,128 12,141 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 64,656 65,349 65,571 64,286 64,834 64,898 64,975 65,104 65,218 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,833 2,858 2,990 2,849 2,957 2,959 2,951 2,959 3,010 16 to 17 years................................ 1,103 1,099 1,176 1,138 1,103 1,109 1,118 1,123 1,212 18 to 19 years................................ 1,729 1,759 1,814 1,744 1,859 1,856 1,831 1,826 1,830 20 years and over............................... 61,823 62,492 62,581 61,437 61,877 61,939 62,024 62,145 62,208 20 to 24 years................................ 6,434 6,550 6,545 6,384 6,493 6,490 6,535 6,523 6,497 25 years and over............................. 55,390 55,942 56,036 55,060 55,404 55,497 55,474 55,633 55,716 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,227 45,449 45,372 44,973 45,046 45,114 45,118 45,190 45,138 25 to 34 years............................ 13,636 13,730 13,724 13,595 13,550 13,591 13,532 13,644 13,686 35 to 44 years............................ 16,036 16,001 16,011 15,939 15,906 15,917 15,950 15,940 15,912 45 to 54 years............................ 15,554 15,718 15,637 15,439 15,591 15,606 15,636 15,606 15,540 55 years and over........................... 10,163 10,493 10,664 10,086 10,358 10,383 10,356 10,443 10,578 Married men, spouse present....................... 45,562 45,631 45,499 45,383 45,099 45,093 45,127 45,462 45,315 Married women, spouse present..................... 35,217 35,319 35,213 34,897 34,494 34,704 34,808 34,961 34,878 Women who maintain families....................... 8,501 8,710 8,884 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Full-time workers (2)............................. 113,942 115,000 115,117 114,443 114,775 114,831 114,954 115,415 115,585 Part-time workers (3)............................. 24,614 25,581 25,161 24,137 25,047 24,729 24,931 24,940 24,728 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 8,399 8,020 8,047 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,125 1,188 1,262 16.2 17.0 16.6 17.2 16.5 17.6 16 to 17 years................................ 515 603 587 18.5 20.7 19.6 20.6 21.2 20.6 18 to 19 years................................ 608 585 674 14.5 14.9 14.9 15.2 13.5 15.4 20 years and over............................... 7,274 6,832 6,785 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8 20 to 24 years................................ 1,426 1,398 1,360 9.6 9.0 9.5 9.8 9.2 8.9 25 years and over............................. 5,795 5,409 5,391 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 25 to 54 years.............................. 4,962 4,545 4,597 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 25 to 34 years............................ 1,893 1,811 1,813 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.6 5.6 35 to 44 years............................ 1,743 1,457 1,456 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.0 45 to 54 years............................ 1,327 1,276 1,328 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 55 years and over........................... 877 869 825 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,587 4,414 4,474 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 16 to 19 years.................................. 620 681 741 17.2 18.1 18.2 19.2 18.2 20.3 16 to 17 years................................ 255 334 336 18.3 21.9 20.6 22.1 23.0 24.3 18 to 19 years................................ 362 333 403 16.4 16.1 16.8 17.7 14.8 17.8 20 years and over............................... 3,968 3,733 3,733 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 20 to 24 years................................ 816 791 728 10.4 10.0 10.5 10.2 9.8 9.0 25 years and over............................. 3,114 2,919 2,969 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,642 2,449 2,531 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.6 25 to 34 years............................ 1,032 960 1,024 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.7 35 to 44 years............................ 911 804 792 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 45 to 54 years............................ 699 686 716 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 55 years and over........................... 472 470 438 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.5 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,811 3,606 3,573 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 16 to 19 years.................................. 505 507 522 15.1 15.9 15.0 15.1 14.6 14.8 16 to 17 years................................ 260 269 251 18.6 19.7 18.6 19.0 19.3 17.2 18 to 19 years................................ 246 252 271 12.4 13.5 12.8 12.5 12.1 12.9 20 years and over............................... 3,306 3,099 3,051 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 20 to 24 years................................ 610 607 632 8.7 7.9 8.4 9.4 8.5 8.9 25 years and over............................. 2,681 2,490 2,422 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,320 2,096 2,066 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 25 to 34 years............................ 861 851 789 6.0 5.5 5.2 5.8 5.9 5.5 35 to 44 years............................ 831 654 664 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.0 45 to 54 years............................ 628 590 613 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.8 55 years and over (2)....................... 367 390 350 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.2 Married men, spouse present....................... 1,578 1,432 1,434 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,384 1,236 1,227 3.8 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.4 Women who maintain families (2)................... 779 722 675 8.4 8.3 8.2 7.8 7.7 7.1 Full-time workers (3)............................. 7,048 6,570 6,637 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.4 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,354 1,432 1,417 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.4 5.4 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been revised to reflect update seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 4,629 3,898 4,166 4,569 3,978 4,014 4,074 4,066 4,108 On temporary layoff............................. 1,137 797 1,040 1,054 971 919 947 941 965 Not on temporary layoff......................... 3,492 3,101 3,126 3,516 3,007 3,094 3,127 3,124 3,144 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,681 2,296 2,272 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 811 806 854 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 715 847 845 759 885 830 829 880 898 Reentrants........................................ 2,065 2,265 2,040 2,387 2,440 2,417 2,411 2,388 2,361 New entrants...................................... 536 655 548 696 699 697 747 723 709 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 58.3 50.9 54.8 54.3 49.7 50.4 50.5 50.5 50.9 On temporary layoff............................ 14.3 10.4 13.7 12.5 12.1 11.6 11.8 11.7 11.9 Not on temporary layoff........................ 44.0 40.5 41.1 41.8 37.6 38.9 38.8 38.8 38.9 Job leavers...................................... 9.0 11.0 11.1 9.0 11.1 10.4 10.3 10.9 11.1 Reentrants....................................... 26.0 29.5 26.8 28.4 30.5 30.4 29.9 29.6 29.2 New entrants..................................... 6.8 8.6 7.2 8.3 8.7 8.8 9.3 9.0 8.8 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3.2 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 Job leavers...................................... .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 New entrants..................................... .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,298 2,467 2,546 2,595 2,605 2,796 2,753 2,611 2,865 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,439 2,353 2,244 2,453 2,521 2,251 2,290 2,361 2,264 15 weeks and over................................. 3,208 2,844 2,809 3,389 2,924 2,971 3,032 3,012 2,961 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,343 1,173 1,202 1,496 1,243 1,227 1,261 1,294 1,325 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,865 1,671 1,608 1,893 1,681 1,744 1,771 1,718 1,636 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 20.0 20.0 19.5 19.8 19.2 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.3 Median duration, in weeks......................... 10.6 9.7 9.6 10.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.8 9.5 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 28.9 32.2 33.5 30.8 32.4 34.9 34.1 32.7 35.4 5 to 14 weeks................................... 30.7 30.7 29.5 29.1 31.3 28.1 28.4 29.6 28.0 15 weeks and over............................... 40.4 37.1 37.0 40.2 36.3 37.1 37.5 37.7 36.6 15 to 26 weeks................................ 16.9 15.3 15.8 17.7 15.4 15.3 15.6 16.2 16.4 27 weeks and over............................. 23.5 21.8 21.2 22.4 20.9 21.7 21.9 21.5 20.2 NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 138,556 140,278 7,945 7,599 5.4 5.1 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 48,320 49,184 1,380 1,281 2.8 2.5 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 19,887 20,170 589 567 2.9 2.7 Professional and related occupations........................... 28,432 29,014 791 713 2.7 2.4 Service occupations.............................................. 21,633 22,907 1,560 1,440 6.7 5.9 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,770 35,511 1,835 1,632 4.9 4.4 Sales and related occupations.................................. 16,543 15,930 909 770 5.2 4.6 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,227 19,581 926 862 4.6 4.2 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 14,347 14,649 1,208 1,279 7.8 8.0 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 907 845 164 183 15.3 17.8 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 8,272 8,517 766 880 8.5 9.4 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 5,168 5,287 279 217 5.1 3.9 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 18,486 18,027 1,396 1,368 7.0 7.1 Production occupations......................................... 9,820 9,411 690 708 6.6 7.0 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,666 8,616 706 660 7.5 7.1 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry (in thousands) Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2003 2004 2003 2004 Total, 16 years and over (1)............... 7,945 7,599 5.4 5.1 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers... 6,456 6,045 5.7 5.3 Mining.......................................... 32 16 5.6 2.5 Construction.................................... 813 870 9.3 9.5 Manufacturing................................... 1,025 872 5.9 5.1 Durable goods................................. 647 529 5.9 4.9 Nondurable goods.............................. 378 344 5.8 5.5 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 1,081 1,058 5.0 5.0 Transportation and utilities.................... 267 204 5.0 3.8 Information..................................... 224 173 6.5 5.7 Financial activities............................ 283 290 3.0 3.1 Professional and business services.............. 948 875 7.6 6.9 Education and health services................... 620 562 3.5 3.1 Leisure and hospitality......................... 885 850 8.2 7.4 Other services.................................. 278 276 4.5 4.3 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers........................................ 137 165 10.9 14.0 Government workers................................ 516 499 2.5 2.4 Self employed and unpaid family workers........... 299 341 2.8 3.2 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................. 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................... 3.2 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)....................... 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers..... 5.7 5.4 5.4 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.................................................. 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.4 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................................... 9.6 9.1 9.1 9.9 9.5 9.4 9.7 9.4 9.3 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2003 2004 2003 2004 2003 2004 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 76,007 76,763 28,710 29,300 47,298 47,463 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,355 4,607 1,858 2,138 2,496 2,469 Searched for work and available to work now (1)................ 1,483 1,463 688 737 795 726 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)................... 433 442 212 265 221 177 Reasons other than discouragement (3)................ 1,050 1,021 476 472 574 549 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)..................................... 7,260 7,834 3,548 4,061 3,711 3,774 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.2 5.6 4.8 5.4 5.7 5.8 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 3,860 4,086 2,095 2,339 1,765 1,747 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,618 1,757 478 552 1,141 1,205 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 244 270 162 192 82 77 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,493 1,685 797 963 696 722 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibili- ties, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Nov. 2004- Dec. 2004p Total nonfarm......... 130,862 132,928 133,207 133,027 130,035 131,541 131,660 131,972 132,109 132,266 157 Total private........... 108,967 110,934 111,060 110,940 108,491 109,912 110,008 110,297 110,422 110,550 128 Goods-producing............. 21,609 22,259 22,153 21,937 21,668 21,939 21,958 22,016 22,017 22,030 13 Natural resources and mining.... 570 601 600 597 570 591 593 592 595 598 3 Logging...................... 67.0 67.7 65.7 65.4 65.9 64.6 64.9 64.2 63.6 65.1 1.5 Mining......................... 503.3 533.0 534.1 531.8 504.3 526.6 527.7 527.5 531.0 532.8 1.8 Oil and gas extraction........ 124.1 131.7 132.4 132.1 124.6 132.7 132.9 132.7 133.5 133.2 -.3 Mining, except oil and gas(1). 200.5 212.6 213.4 208.9 202.0 209.2 209.4 209.0 210.7 210.6 -.1 Coal mining.................. 70.5 74.4 75.6 76.3 69.8 74.6 74.8 74.4 75.0 75.2 .2 Support activities for mining. 178.7 188.7 188.3 190.8 177.7 184.7 185.4 185.8 186.8 189.0 2.2 Construction.................... 6,699 7,221 7,140 6,933 6,774 6,936 6,958 7,018 7,025 7,032 7 Construction of buildings..... 1,582.7 1,698.3 1,684.4 1,664.2 1,585.1 1,635.5 1,648.8 1,661.6 1,665.1 1,669.3 4.2 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 885.1 989.7 957.4 892.3 920.7 921.9 922.5 928.4 930.9 931.6 .7 Specialty trade contractors... 4,231.1 4,532.6 4,498.3 4,376.9 4,268.4 4,378.9 4,386.8 4,427.5 4,428.8 4,430.6 1.8 Manufacturing................... 14,340 14,437 14,413 14,407 14,324 14,412 14,407 14,406 14,397 14,400 3 Production workers........... 10,060 10,188 10,164 10,153 10,044 10,162 10,150 10,150 10,141 10,143 2 Durable goods.................. 8,882 8,991 8,991 8,991 8,868 8,986 8,979 8,985 8,979 8,979 0 Production workers........... 6,094 6,199 6,196 6,191 6,079 6,195 6,184 6,188 6,180 6,182 2 Wood products................. 534.2 553.1 549.2 546.3 536.6 545.9 544.8 549.7 548.5 550.3 1.8 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 483.5 510.4 507.2 498.7 487.5 501.6 503.2 503.0 502.9 502.7 -.2 Primary metals................ 465.6 463.2 464.0 465.8 464.6 465.4 464.1 464.5 464.6 464.3 -.3 Fabricated metal products..... 1,473.5 1,511.7 1,510.2 1,510.1 1,471.2 1,504.7 1,505.8 1,508.5 1,507.5 1,508.0 .5 Machinery..................... 1,143.0 1,156.7 1,160.8 1,165.5 1,140.4 1,163.3 1,161.7 1,161.4 1,162.0 1,162.0 .0 Computer and electronic products(1).................. 1,335.0 1,347.6 1,344.4 1,345.5 1,332.2 1,353.0 1,350.7 1,348.6 1,344.6 1,342.8 -1.8 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 218.0 214.4 213.8 215.5 217.8 217.9 217.1 215.6 214.4 215.4 1.0 Communications equipment..... 153.5 159.0 158.7 158.4 153.0 158.5 158.1 158.0 158.6 158.7 .1 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 452.0 456.6 454.8 452.9 451.3 460.2 459.4 457.2 455.2 452.2 -3.0 Electronic instruments....... 425.8 434.5 434.0 436.0 425.3 433.0 433.1 435.4 434.1 434.5 .4 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 452.1 446.3 447.6 446.3 451.2 449.6 449.1 447.3 447.8 445.5 -2.3 Transportation equipment...... 1,772.0 1,775.5 1,778.1 1,783.4 1,762.7 1,774.4 1,771.7 1,774.3 1,772.3 1,774.1 1.8 Furniture and related products 570.7 572.3 573.2 573.5 569.3 574.6 573.8 573.7 574.1 574.3 .2 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 652.3 653.8 655.9 655.7 651.9 653.6 653.7 654.0 654.6 655.1 .5 Nondurable goods............... 5,458 5,446 5,422 5,416 5,456 5,426 5,428 5,421 5,418 5,421 3 Production workers........... 3,966 3,989 3,968 3,962 3,965 3,967 3,966 3,962 3,961 3,961 0 Food manufacturing............ 1,513.2 1,527.4 1,512.9 1,515.8 1,506.3 1,499.6 1,502.5 1,504.5 1,506.5 1,512.9 6.4 Beverages and tobacco products 196.8 199.2 200.5 195.8 198.3 197.2 198.5 197.0 199.8 197.4 -2.4 Textile mills................. 239.7 232.8 231.0 228.3 241.0 234.4 233.8 233.0 231.2 230.4 -.8 Textile product mills......... 173.8 178.7 178.5 178.6 174.3 179.4 179.6 180.1 180.0 180.2 .2 Apparel....................... 295.1 278.7 273.4 269.6 297.7 284.2 282.7 277.4 273.5 272.5 -1.0 Leather and allied products... 44.0 45.0 45.9 44.8 44.3 44.8 45.4 45.3 45.8 45.2 -.6 Paper and paper products...... 511.5 509.6 507.4 508.6 510.3 509.8 508.6 508.0 505.7 506.1 .4 Printing and related support activities................... 672.4 661.1 660.7 664.3 670.1 662.2 660.3 660.6 660.3 661.7 1.4 Petroleum and coal products... 110.7 115.6 114.8 112.2 112.4 114.1 114.3 114.2 114.2 113.2 -1.0 Chemicals..................... 895.5 887.6 886.5 891.1 895.9 891.9 892.7 891.3 890.3 890.4 .1 Plastics and rubber products.. 805.7 810.4 810.3 807.3 805.8 808.8 809.5 809.2 811.1 811.0 -.1 Service-providing........... 109,253 110,669 111,054 111,090 108,367 109,602 109,702 109,956 110,092 110,236 144 Private service-providing.. 87,358 88,675 88,907 89,003 86,823 87,973 88,050 88,281 88,405 88,520 115 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 25,875 25,665 26,028 26,218 25,211 25,516 25,522 25,562 25,580 25,580 0 Wholesale trade................ 5,604.1 5,678.3 5,685.9 5,701.5 5,598.4 5,652.8 5,662.8 5,670.4 5,678.4 5,695.4 17.0 Durable goods................. 2,948.2 2,995.6 2,997.5 3,008.3 2,945.8 2,989.6 2,992.3 2,995.6 2,996.2 3,005.8 9.6 Nondurable goods.............. 1,992.8 2,007.5 2,007.7 2,006.5 1,991.8 1,992.5 1,996.6 2,000.2 2,002.5 2,005.3 2.8 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 663.1 675.2 680.7 686.7 660.8 670.7 673.9 674.6 679.7 684.3 4.6 Retail trade...................15,486.7 15,107.0 15,464.2 15,617.6 14,876.0 15,048.8 15,030.5 15,055.6 15,064.5 15,044.9 -19.6 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)................... 1,886.4 1,911.7 1,910.0 1,898.6 1,893.7 1,904.9 1,904.8 1,903.4 1,907.3 1,909.1 1.8 Automobile dealers........... 1,256.9 1,254.9 1,255.2 1,250.1 1,259.5 1,256.8 1,253.7 1,251.6 1,254.6 1,254.7 .1 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 568.6 552.2 566.4 573.3 547.2 548.7 548.7 550.0 550.8 551.8 1.0 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 536.4 519.7 539.5 541.6 511.9 511.6 512.6 517.8 519.8 515.5 -4.3 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,193.2 1,254.3 1,252.5 1,241.9 1,209.5 1,251.7 1,256.5 1,258.7 1,262.4 1,263.9 1.5 Food and beverage stores...... 2,858.0 2,838.7 2,858.4 2,865.1 2,813.9 2,832.9 2,832.2 2,832.3 2,827.9 2,822.6 -5.3 Health and personal care stores....................... 967.5 956.3 965.8 969.2 952.6 956.4 956.4 956.3 957.5 956.8 -.7 Gasoline stations............. 872.7 870.1 867.1 863.6 871.1 870.3 871.8 869.6 867.1 864.7 -2.4 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,411.0 1,348.3 1,411.5 1,465.4 1,301.0 1,355.2 1,349.9 1,353.0 1,354.8 1,353.8 -1.0 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 703.6 643.6 672.3 699.5 633.2 638.4 635.0 636.5 636.3 631.7 -4.6 General merchandise stores(1). 3,080.7 2,839.2 3,026.9 3,093.0 2,793.4 2,823.8 2,810.9 2,822.8 2,828.2 2,822.9 -5.3 Department stores............ 1,799.5 1,622.1 1,766.2 1,809.5 1,601.3 1,607.9 1,599.4 1,609.3 1,615.3 1,614.5 -.8 Miscellaneous store retailers. 958.5 936.7 941.7 950.0 924.4 927.1 924.7 927.7 924.0 923.1 -.9 Nonstore retailers............ 450.1 436.2 452.1 456.4 424.1 427.8 427.0 427.5 428.4 429.0 .6 Transportation and warehousing. 4,205.8 4,298.8 4,298.4 4,320.1 4,157.0 4,232.5 4,246.0 4,254.4 4,256.0 4,260.5 4.5 Air transportation............ 514.6 511.8 510.4 511.3 512.9 511.8 510.0 511.5 510.0 509.6 -.4 Rail transportation........... 216.5 218.5 218.0 217.0 215.5 217.4 217.9 217.8 217.1 216.9 -.2 Water transportation.......... 48.9 51.2 48.7 48.9 50.0 50.3 50.1 50.7 50.2 50.2 .0 Truck transportation.......... 1,344.4 1,383.6 1,375.3 1,381.4 1,338.7 1,363.7 1,368.1 1,367.4 1,366.7 1,374.7 8.0 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 398.6 398.1 398.3 400.0 385.0 374.5 380.2 382.7 383.6 384.8 1.2 Pipeline transportation....... 38.9 38.5 38.4 38.6 38.8 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.3 38.2 -.1 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 24.7 31.2 27.5 25.7 29.4 32.7 32.7 31.6 31.8 31.3 -.5 Support activities for transportation............... 514.1 530.2 531.5 537.6 511.6 525.1 525.9 528.3 531.4 535.5 4.1 Couriers and messengers....... 579.9 580.1 592.3 608.2 559.0 580.4 581.1 580.0 581.3 576.5 -4.8 Warehousing and storage....... 525.2 555.6 558.0 551.4 516.1 538.1 541.4 546.0 545.6 542.8 -2.8 Utilities...................... 578.4 581.0 579.8 578.9 579.3 582.0 582.4 581.5 580.8 579.6 -1.2 Information..................... 3,189 3,157 3,171 3,169 3,175 3,166 3,159 3,163 3,164 3,161 -3 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 922.8 912.5 916.7 918.0 917.4 914.3 913.8 913.2 914.0 913.0 -1.0 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 392.5 389.8 390.7 388.8 385.2 388.7 389.4 395.0 388.7 386.4 -2.3 Broadcasting, except Internet. 331.5 338.6 340.0 341.7 329.5 336.6 337.3 338.4 338.9 339.5 .6 Internet publishing and broadcasting................. 30.0 35.4 36.4 36.6 30.4 34.2 34.5 35.7 36.4 36.9 .5 Telecommunications............ 1,060.0 1,027.0 1,032.4 1,031.1 1,061.2 1,037.5 1,030.0 1,026.4 1,032.3 1,032.5 .2 ISPs, search portals, and data processing................... 403.4 405.1 405.9 403.6 402.6 404.3 404.0 404.9 404.6 404.1 -.5 Other information services.... 48.4 48.9 48.4 48.7 48.2 50.0 49.6 49.0 48.7 48.6 -.1 Financial activities............ 7,975 8,080 8,097 8,117 7,981 8,053 8,078 8,092 8,107 8,121 14 Finance and insurance.......... 5,915.5 5,977.1 5,997.6 6,018.8 5,916.5 5,962.4 5,976.2 5,990.7 6,002.9 6,017.1 14.2 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 22.5 21.5 21.2 21.1 22.5 21.8 21.7 21.5 21.3 21.1 -.2 Credit intermediation and related activities(1)........ 2,784.6 2,816.3 2,835.4 2,846.3 2,783.3 2,807.3 2,818.3 2,824.6 2,838.0 2,847.2 9.2 Depository credit intermediation(1)........... 1,755.3 1,768.1 1,777.7 1,785.3 1,757.1 1,768.3 1,772.7 1,776.3 1,781.5 1,784.5 3.0 Commercial banking.......... 1,277.8 1,284.1 1,291.7 1,296.7 1,278.9 1,283.0 1,287.5 1,290.1 1,295.0 1,297.4 2.4 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 771.4 797.9 800.0 803.2 771.9 791.6 793.6 800.6 800.2 802.7 2.5 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,256.3 2,264.4 2,264.6 2,270.7 2,258.1 2,263.9 2,265.1 2,266.7 2,266.6 2,269.1 2.5 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 80.7 77.0 76.4 77.5 80.7 77.8 77.5 77.3 76.8 77.0 .2 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 2,059.0 2,102.7 2,099.1 2,098.4 2,064.0 2,090.6 2,101.8 2,101.6 2,103.8 2,104.3 .5 Real estate................... 1,394.3 1,435.6 1,437.9 1,435.1 1,395.7 1,424.1 1,431.6 1,433.4 1,437.7 1,437.3 -.4 Rental and leasing services... 634.7 638.9 632.7 634.7 638.3 638.0 641.9 639.9 637.6 638.5 .9 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 30.0 28.2 28.5 28.6 30.0 28.5 28.3 28.3 28.5 28.5 .0 Professional and business services....................... 16,136 16,848 16,781 16,690 16,159 16,518 16,548 16,643 16,664 16,705 41 Professional and technical services(1)................... 6,650.0 6,781.9 6,800.9 6,841.4 6,669.3 6,762.0 6,783.3 6,817.4 6,835.7 6,864.2 28.5 Legal services............... 1,142.4 1,149.7 1,149.0 1,150.1 1,140.5 1,146.2 1,148.4 1,148.5 1,147.1 1,148.7 1.6 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 791.1 763.9 768.4 802.3 826.6 815.3 815.7 826.3 830.3 835.3 5.0 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,230.7 1,291.1 1,292.7 1,290.7 1,235.2 1,269.3 1,275.1 1,284.3 1,291.3 1,298.2 6.9 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,109.8 1,142.6 1,155.6 1,164.9 1,105.7 1,129.7 1,136.5 1,142.9 1,153.3 1,163.0 9.7 Management and technical consulting services......... 770.5 801.2 797.7 802.7 764.0 794.3 793.9 796.7 795.4 797.9 2.5 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,682.7 1,681.1 1,688.9 1,687.1 1,670.2 1,682.5 1,679.1 1,678.2 1,679.3 1,678.6 -.7 Administrative and waste services...................... 7,802.8 8,385.0 8,290.7 8,161.2 7,819.2 8,073.0 8,085.4 8,147.2 8,148.7 8,162.5 13.8 Administrative and support services(1).................. 7,480.8 8,057.0 7,963.8 7,837.7 7,496.3 7,746.6 7,759.5 7,821.5 7,822.1 7,837.0 14.9 Employment services(1)....... 3,495.5 3,865.6 3,813.3 3,789.7 3,461.3 3,607.8 3,633.6 3,692.9 3,696.5 3,719.9 23.4 Temporary help services..... 2,378.1 2,681.9 2,630.0 2,603.1 2,355.3 2,474.7 2,501.4 2,554.2 2,551.7 2,561.1 9.4 Business support services.... 756.3 754.1 758.0 759.6 745.1 751.5 744.3 747.8 748.8 749.2 .4 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,573.1 1,733.8 1,698.1 1,604.4 1,635.9 1,691.6 1,691.7 1,688.3 1,686.2 1,677.3 -8.9 Waste management and remediation services......... 322.0 328.0 326.9 323.5 322.9 326.4 325.9 325.7 326.6 325.5 -1.1 Education and health services... 16,889 17,215 17,296 17,294 16,731 16,965 16,980 17,049 17,086 17,133 47 Educational services........... 2,858.5 2,936.7 2,965.4 2,929.7 2,728.0 2,746.4 2,749.6 2,773.0 2,775.9 2,787.5 11.6 Health care and social assistance....................14,030.1 14,278.7 14,330.7 14,364.3 14,003.2 14,218.3 14,230.0 14,275.6 14,309.8 14,345.3 35.5 Ambulatory health care services(1).................. 4,842.0 4,964.9 4,985.9 5,005.8 4,831.0 4,935.1 4,938.4 4,964.6 4,978.1 4,995.2 17.1 Offices of physicians........ 2,036.8 2,078.6 2,087.6 2,095.2 2,030.0 2,062.1 2,068.1 2,078.6 2,083.6 2,088.9 5.3 Outpatient care centers...... 425.7 436.6 438.2 439.1 425.0 438.0 436.9 437.7 438.3 438.8 .5 Home health care services.... 743.5 767.8 776.3 781.5 739.9 760.1 761.5 766.2 773.5 778.2 4.7 Hospitals..................... 4,288.3 4,336.2 4,350.1 4,353.1 4,283.9 4,330.5 4,332.1 4,337.5 4,346.7 4,351.6 4.9 Nursing and residential care facilities(1)................ 2,800.3 2,822.3 2,831.0 2,831.9 2,793.0 2,814.0 2,820.3 2,820.5 2,826.3 2,826.9 .6 Nursing care facilities...... 1,585.7 1,588.3 1,595.2 1,592.7 1,581.7 1,586.3 1,587.1 1,587.1 1,591.4 1,590.6 -.8 Social assistance(1).......... 2,099.5 2,155.3 2,163.7 2,173.5 2,095.3 2,138.7 2,139.2 2,153.0 2,158.7 2,171.6 12.9 Child day care services...... 777.3 799.1 801.4 803.5 770.0 792.7 783.3 789.9 792.4 798.2 5.8 Leisure and hospitality......... 11,927 12,313 12,130 12,110 12,192 12,341 12,353 12,362 12,387 12,399 12 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,654.1 1,748.2 1,640.2 1,625.6 1,795.2 1,785.6 1,793.8 1,787.6 1,783.4 1,772.3 -11.1 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 354.6 364.3 349.2 345.3 368.8 356.0 360.3 361.0 359.8 357.3 -2.5 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 109.4 116.3 113.3 110.3 113.1 116.7 116.2 115.7 115.6 114.8 -.8 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,190.1 1,267.6 1,177.7 1,170.0 1,313.3 1,312.9 1,317.3 1,310.9 1,308.0 1,300.2 -7.8 Accommodations and food services......................10,273.3 10,565.2 10,489.4 10,484.6 10,396.3 10,555.6 10,559.3 10,574.0 10,603.9 10,626.4 22.5 Accommodations................ 1,691.2 1,754.7 1,732.0 1,727.1 1,763.0 1,767.9 1,771.4 1,769.2 1,786.7 1,790.6 3.9 Food services and drinking places....................... 8,582.1 8,810.5 8,757.4 8,757.5 8,633.3 8,787.7 8,787.9 8,804.8 8,817.2 8,835.8 18.6 Other services.................. 5,367 5,397 5,404 5,405 5,374 5,414 5,410 5,410 5,417 5,421 4 Repair and maintenance........ 1,224.3 1,236.3 1,233.6 1,229.8 1,228.5 1,235.2 1,235.2 1,236.6 1,236.4 1,237.1 .7 Personal and laundry services. 1,251.2 1,250.8 1,254.3 1,255.6 1,250.2 1,259.9 1,255.7 1,252.9 1,255.6 1,259.1 3.5 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,891.6 2,909.9 2,916.4 2,919.1 2,895.7 2,919.1 2,918.8 2,920.3 2,924.5 2,924.8 .3 Government...................... 21,895 21,994 22,147 22,087 21,544 21,629 21,652 21,675 21,687 21,716 29 Federal........................ 2,739 2,706 2,705 2,719 2,720 2,712 2,713 2,706 2,713 2,706 -7 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,921.5 1,923.5 1,919.6 1,924.5 1,928.9 1,926.3 1,927.6 1,923.6 1,930.4 1,931.5 1.1 U.S. Postal Service........... 817.4 782.8 785.4 794.9 791.4 785.3 784.9 781.9 782.3 774.6 -7.7 State government............... 5,119 5,190 5,215 5,183 5,027 5,035 5,047 5,058 5,066 5,076 10 State government education.... 2,395.4 2,448.4 2,474.5 2,437.6 2,285.7 2,285.2 2,299.7 2,307.0 2,311.4 2,317.3 5.9 State government, excluding education.................... 2,723.9 2,742.0 2,740.0 2,745.1 2,740.9 2,749.4 2,747.5 2,751.1 2,754.5 2,758.7 4.2 Local government............... 14,037 14,098 14,227 14,185 13,797 13,882 13,892 13,911 13,908 13,934 26 Local government education.... 7,999.4 8,004.7 8,119.7 8,108.6 7,687.1 7,758.4 7,760.4 7,774.9 7,779.9 7,793.5 13.6 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,037.9 6,092.9 6,107.3 6,076.1 6,109.7 6,123.2 6,131.6 6,136.3 6,128.1 6,140.8 12.7 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Nov. 2004- Dec. 2004p Total private......................... 33.6 33.8 33.7 33.8 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.7 33.8 0.1 Goods-producing........................... 40.1 40.2 40.1 40.3 39.9 40.1 40.1 40.0 39.9 39.9 .0 Natural resources and mining.................. 43.5 45.3 45.4 44.7 43.6 44.4 44.6 44.8 44.9 44.9 .0 Construction.................................. 37.4 38.8 38.2 38.2 38.1 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.4 .0 Manufacturing................................. 41.3 40.7 40.8 41.2 40.6 40.9 40.8 40.6 40.5 40.5 .0 Overtime hours............................. 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 .0 Durable goods................................ 41.9 41.2 41.2 41.9 41.2 41.3 41.2 41.1 41.0 41.1 .1 Overtime hours............................. 5.2 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 .0 Wood products............................... 41.1 40.4 40.2 40.2 41.0 40.9 40.3 40.2 40.0 40.0 .0 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 41.9 42.8 42.6 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.4 42.4 42.4 42.5 .1 Primary metals.............................. 43.5 42.9 43.3 43.9 42.7 43.3 43.1 43.1 43.1 43.1 .0 Fabricated metal products................... 41.7 41.2 41.1 41.7 40.8 41.2 41.2 41.0 40.8 40.9 .1 Machinery................................... 41.9 42.0 42.3 42.9 41.1 42.1 42.3 42.2 42.2 42.1 -.1 Computer and electronic products............ 41.3 40.3 40.3 41.0 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.2 39.9 40.2 .3 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 42.0 40.8 40.6 40.4 40.7 41.0 40.5 40.4 40.1 39.6 -.5 Transportation equipment.................... 43.7 42.5 42.4 43.5 42.7 42.5 42.4 42.4 42.2 42.4 .2 Furniture and related products.............. 40.4 38.9 39.5 40.6 39.7 39.5 39.3 39.1 39.4 39.7 .3 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 39.2 38.4 38.4 39.2 38.5 38.5 38.3 38.3 38.2 38.5 .3 Nondurable goods............................. 40.5 40.0 40.1 40.2 39.9 40.2 40.1 39.8 39.7 39.6 -.1 Overtime hours............................. 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 .0 Food manufacturing.......................... 39.7 39.3 39.6 39.3 39.1 39.3 39.4 38.9 38.9 38.7 -.2 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 38.9 38.3 38.6 38.4 39.1 39.5 39.1 38.5 38.5 38.4 -.1 Textile mills............................... 40.2 39.8 40.1 40.7 39.7 40.5 40.1 40.1 40.0 40.1 .1 Textile product mills....................... 40.6 39.2 39.0 39.0 39.8 38.7 39.0 39.0 38.8 38.4 -.4 Apparel..................................... 36.0 35.9 36.1 36.9 35.8 36.1 36.2 36.0 35.9 36.3 .4 Leather and allied products................. 40.8 38.5 38.2 36.5 40.3 37.8 38.1 38.3 38.1 36.8 -1.3 Paper and paper products.................... 42.7 42.3 42.4 43.1 41.8 42.5 42.1 42.2 42.0 42.0 .0 Printing and related support activities..... 38.7 38.5 38.8 38.9 38.2 38.5 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.2 -.1 Petroleum and coal products................. 44.1 45.1 45.7 45.2 44.2 46.3 45.8 44.9 45.4 45.0 -.4 Chemicals................................... 42.9 42.5 42.6 42.4 42.5 42.8 42.8 42.6 42.3 42.2 -.1 Plastics and rubber products................ 41.2 40.1 39.9 40.4 40.4 40.5 40.2 40.0 39.6 39.7 .1 Private service-providing................ 32.2 32.4 32.3 32.4 32.2 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.5 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.6 33.5 33.3 33.6 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.5 33.5 .0 Wholesale trade.............................. 37.8 37.6 37.6 37.5 37.8 37.6 37.8 37.7 37.6 37.6 .0 Retail trade................................. 31.0 30.7 30.4 31.0 30.8 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.7 30.8 .1 Transportation and warehousing............... 36.9 37.4 37.5 37.4 36.7 37.2 37.4 37.4 37.3 37.2 -.1 Utilities.................................... 40.7 41.0 40.8 40.4 40.8 40.9 41.4 40.7 40.5 40.6 .1 Information................................... 36.1 36.4 36.5 36.3 36.2 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.4 .0 Financial activities.......................... 35.2 35.5 35.5 35.7 35.3 35.5 35.5 35.7 35.6 35.8 .2 Professional and business services............ 33.7 34.2 34.1 34.1 33.8 34.2 34.5 34.3 34.2 34.2 .0 Education and health services................. 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.5 32.6 .1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.2 25.6 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.6 25.6 25.7 25.7 25.8 .1 Other services................................ 31.0 31.0 30.9 31.0 31.0 31.1 31.1 31.0 31.0 31.0 .0 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Total private........................... $15.48 $15.83 $15.86 $15.89 $520.13 $535.05 $534.48 $537.08 Seasonally adjusted.................... 15.45 15.82 15.84 15.86 519.12 534.72 533.81 536.07 Goods-producing............................. 17.03 17.39 17.38 17.43 682.90 699.08 696.94 702.43 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.97 18.14 18.32 18.41 781.70 821.74 831.73 822.93 Construction.................................... 19.10 19.47 19.37 19.35 714.34 755.44 739.93 739.17 Manufacturing................................... 16.05 16.27 16.33 16.47 662.87 662.19 666.26 678.56 Durable goods.................................. 16.78 16.99 17.05 17.22 703.08 699.99 702.46 721.52 Wood products................................. 12.93 13.02 13.09 13.13 531.42 526.01 526.22 527.83 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 15.98 16.38 16.50 16.48 669.56 701.06 702.90 698.75 Primary metals................................ 18.39 18.74 18.69 18.73 799.97 803.95 809.28 822.25 Fabricated metal products..................... 15.23 15.37 15.44 15.54 635.09 633.24 634.58 648.02 Machinery..................................... 16.62 16.83 16.80 16.89 696.38 706.86 710.64 724.58 Computer and electronic products.............. 16.85 17.51 17.60 17.86 695.91 705.65 709.28 732.26 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 14.68 15.00 15.02 15.08 616.56 612.00 609.81 609.23 Transportation equipment...................... 21.74 21.84 21.95 22.27 950.04 928.20 930.68 968.75 Furniture and related products................ 13.08 13.26 13.29 13.51 528.43 515.81 524.96 548.51 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 13.60 13.91 13.97 13.96 533.12 534.14 536.45 547.23 Nondurable goods............................... 14.88 15.12 15.17 15.24 602.64 604.80 608.32 612.65 Food manufacturing............................ 12.95 12.93 12.97 13.01 514.12 508.15 513.61 511.29 Beverages and tobacco products................ 18.58 19.20 18.84 18.72 722.76 735.36 727.22 718.85 Textile mills................................. 12.21 12.12 12.12 12.19 490.84 482.38 486.01 496.13 Textile product mills......................... 11.44 11.44 11.44 11.68 464.46 448.45 446.16 455.52 Apparel....................................... 9.80 9.97 10.02 10.02 352.80 357.92 361.72 369.74 Leather and allied products................... 11.90 11.57 11.53 11.74 485.52 445.45 440.45 428.51 Paper and paper products...................... 17.60 17.87 18.10 17.99 751.52 755.90 767.44 775.37 Printing and related support activities....... 15.56 15.94 15.90 15.86 602.17 613.69 616.92 616.95 Petroleum and coal products................... 24.06 24.35 24.78 24.56 1061.05 1098.19 1132.45 1110.11 Chemicals..................................... 18.79 19.47 19.47 19.76 806.09 827.48 829.42 837.82 Plastics and rubber products.................. 14.47 14.55 14.60 14.73 596.16 583.46 582.54 595.09 Private service-providing.................. 15.07 15.41 15.46 15.48 485.25 499.28 499.36 501.55 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.31 14.78 14.77 14.72 480.82 495.13 491.84 494.59 Wholesale trade................................ 17.46 17.77 17.81 17.83 659.99 668.15 669.66 668.63 Retail trade................................... 11.87 12.18 12.18 12.14 367.97 373.93 370.27 376.34 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.33 16.98 17.00 17.08 602.58 635.05 637.50 638.79 Utilities...................................... 25.26 26.00 25.99 26.05 1028.08 1066.00 1060.39 1052.42 Information..................................... 21.10 21.69 21.71 21.86 761.71 789.52 792.42 793.52 Financial activities............................ 17.26 17.67 17.62 17.65 607.55 627.29 625.51 630.11 Professional and business services.............. 17.29 17.50 17.59 17.70 582.67 598.50 599.82 603.57 Education and health services................... 15.86 16.25 16.28 16.29 512.28 528.13 529.10 529.43 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.94 9.01 9.06 9.17 225.29 230.66 230.12 233.84 Other services.................................. 13.88 13.97 14.04 14.11 430.28 433.07 433.84 437.41 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Nov. 2004- Dec. 2004p Total private: Current dollars........................ $15.45 $15.76 $15.78 $15.82 $15.84 $15.86 0.1 Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.30 8.26 8.25 8.22 8.22 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 16.97 17.24 17.30 17.33 17.35 17.38 .2 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.91 18.12 18.11 18.19 18.32 18.34 .1 Construction.................................... 19.04 19.25 19.27 19.33 19.34 19.34 .0 Manufacturing................................... 15.93 16.23 16.29 16.29 16.30 16.36 .4 Excluding overtime(4)........................ 15.09 15.37 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.50 .4 Durable goods.................................. 16.64 16.90 16.98 16.99 17.00 17.07 .4 Nondurable goods............................... 14.81 15.15 15.19 15.16 15.18 15.20 .1 Private service-providing.................. 15.05 15.36 15.38 15.41 15.43 15.46 .2 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.41 14.73 14.74 14.77 14.79 14.82 .2 Wholesale trade................................ 17.46 17.70 17.74 17.80 17.81 17.84 .2 Retail trade................................... 11.95 12.16 12.17 12.17 12.22 12.23 .1 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.33 16.99 16.91 16.97 16.97 17.04 .4 Utilities...................................... 25.13 25.54 25.73 25.95 25.85 25.95 .4 Information..................................... 20.99 21.53 21.61 21.60 21.58 21.78 .9 Financial activities............................ 17.30 17.58 17.61 17.68 17.65 17.70 .3 Professional and business services.............. 17.25 17.56 17.52 17.59 17.62 17.65 .2 Education and health services................... 15.81 16.19 16.23 16.24 16.27 16.26 -.1 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.84 8.91 8.95 8.99 9.02 9.03 .1 Other services.................................. 13.80 13.92 13.95 13.99 14.02 14.03 .1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from Oct. 2004 to Nov. 2004, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Nov. 2004- Dec. 2004p Total private......................... 98.9 101.8 101.6 101.8 98.4 100.4 100.8 101.1 100.9 101.3 0.4 Goods-producing........................... 95.3 99.4 98.5 97.7 95.2 97.4 97.4 97.3 97.2 97.3 .1 Natural resources and mining.................. 96.9 108.1 108.1 105.7 97.1 103.8 105.0 104.5 105.7 106.4 .7 Construction.................................. 94.9 107.8 104.6 100.8 98.2 100.9 101.9 102.3 102.9 103.2 .3 Manufacturing................................. 95.4 95.2 95.2 96.0 93.6 95.4 95.0 94.6 94.3 94.3 .0 Durable goods................................ 95.9 96.0 95.9 97.5 94.1 96.1 95.7 95.6 95.2 95.5 .3 Wood products............................... 98.9 101.2 99.8 99.0 99.2 101.0 99.3 99.9 99.2 99.3 .1 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 91.5 100.7 99.6 97.0 93.6 97.4 98.2 98.0 98.2 98.4 .2 Primary metals.............................. 93.6 92.5 93.4 94.9 91.7 93.4 92.7 93.0 93.1 92.9 -.2 Fabricated metal products................... 97.4 99.1 98.8 100.3 95.0 98.6 98.7 98.4 97.9 98.4 .5 Machinery................................... 95.7 97.4 98.3 99.8 93.5 98.6 98.6 98.3 98.0 97.5 -.5 Computer and electronic products............ 92.0 92.2 91.7 93.1 89.4 92.7 92.2 91.8 90.6 91.0 .4 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 93.3 89.3 89.3 88.6 90.0 90.2 89.1 88.5 88.0 86.5 -1.7 Transportation equipment.................... 99.8 97.2 97.1 100.1 96.8 97.5 96.8 96.9 96.2 96.9 .7 Furniture and related products.............. 96.0 92.6 94.3 97.0 94.1 94.7 94.0 93.5 94.2 94.9 .7 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 93.4 91.3 91.8 93.6 91.6 91.5 91.0 90.9 90.8 91.6 .9 Nondurable goods............................. 94.6 94.0 93.7 93.8 93.2 93.9 93.7 92.9 92.6 92.4 -.2 Food manufacturing.......................... 99.1 100.0 99.7 99.1 97.1 98.0 98.1 97.1 97.1 96.9 -.2 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 85.8 90.9 93.5 89.4 87.4 91.6 91.8 89.7 93.2 90.5 -2.9 Textile mills............................... 81.0 76.3 76.1 76.2 80.4 78.8 77.5 77.0 75.9 75.5 -.5 Textile product mills....................... 93.6 92.9 93.1 93.1 91.9 92.1 93.4 93.4 93.2 91.9 -1.4 Apparel..................................... 76.9 73.0 71.7 72.3 77.6 75.2 75.1 72.7 71.7 72.4 1.0 Leather and allied products................. 92.5 91.4 93.0 85.7 92.2 87.5 89.0 91.0 92.3 87.6 -5.1 Paper and paper products.................... 93.8 92.1 91.7 93.5 91.5 92.5 91.3 91.4 90.5 90.5 .0 Printing and related support activities..... 95.2 93.8 94.4 94.9 93.6 93.6 92.8 92.8 93.1 92.9 -.2 Petroleum and coal products................. 96.1 108.9 109.5 106.6 97.8 109.9 109.4 107.0 108.4 107.5 -.8 Chemicals................................... 99.4 98.6 98.6 99.3 98.6 99.8 100.0 99.5 98.6 98.7 .1 Plastics and rubber products................ 95.7 94.3 93.7 94.4 94.0 94.8 94.3 93.8 93.1 93.2 .1 Private service-providing................ 99.9 102.5 102.5 102.9 99.1 101.5 101.9 102.2 102.1 102.5 .4 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 101.4 100.3 101.5 103.2 98.0 99.5 99.9 100.1 100.0 99.9 -.1 Wholesale trade.............................. 97.5 99.2 99.3 99.3 97.4 98.4 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.5 .3 Retail trade................................. 103.7 99.8 101.6 104.8 98.3 99.3 99.6 99.7 99.5 99.6 .1 Transportation and warehousing............... 99.7 104.1 104.6 104.9 97.6 101.6 102.8 102.8 102.6 102.2 -.4 Utilities.................................... 96.8 96.9 96.4 95.3 97.2 96.8 98.0 96.3 95.9 95.8 -.1 Information................................... 97.7 101.1 101.9 101.5 97.5 100.9 101.1 101.5 101.7 101.8 .1 Financial activities.......................... 100.2 102.4 102.6 103.2 100.7 102.0 102.3 103.1 103.0 103.6 .6 Professional and business services............ 98.4 105.4 104.7 103.9 98.7 103.0 104.2 104.3 104.1 104.2 .1 Education and health services................. 102.8 105.2 105.7 105.7 102.1 103.8 104.1 104.5 104.4 104.9 .5 Leisure and hospitality....................... 96.4 101.4 99.0 99.2 100.2 101.6 101.7 102.2 102.5 103.0 .5 Other services................................ 95.4 96.4 96.4 96.6 95.4 97.0 96.9 96.7 96.8 97.0 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004 2004 2004p 2004p Nov. 2004- Dec. 2004p Total private......................... 102.4 107.8 107.9 108.2 101.7 105.8 106.4 107.0 107.0 107.5 0.5 Goods-producing........................... 99.4 105.9 104.9 104.3 98.9 102.8 103.2 103.3 103.2 103.5 .3 Natural resources and mining.................. 101.2 114.0 115.2 113.2 101.1 109.4 110.6 110.6 112.6 113.5 .8 Construction.................................. 97.9 113.3 109.4 105.3 100.9 104.9 106.0 106.8 107.5 107.7 .2 Manufacturing................................. 100.1 101.3 101.6 103.4 97.5 101.2 101.3 100.8 100.5 100.9 .4 Durable goods................................ 100.5 101.8 102.1 104.8 97.8 101.4 101.5 101.4 101.0 101.7 .7 Nondurable goods............................. 99.5 100.4 100.5 101.0 97.5 100.6 100.5 99.5 99.3 99.2 -.1 Private service-providing................ 103.4 108.5 108.8 109.4 102.5 107.1 107.7 108.2 108.2 108.9 .6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 103.5 105.8 106.9 108.4 100.7 104.6 105.1 105.5 105.5 105.6 .1 Wholesale trade.............................. 100.3 103.8 104.2 104.3 100.2 102.6 103.7 104.0 104.1 104.6 .5 Retail trade................................. 105.5 104.2 106.1 109.0 100.7 103.5 103.9 104.0 104.3 104.4 .1 Transportation and warehousing............... 103.3 112.2 112.8 113.7 101.1 109.5 110.2 110.7 110.5 110.5 .0 Utilities.................................... 102.0 105.2 104.6 103.6 101.9 103.2 105.3 104.4 103.4 103.8 .4 Information................................... 102.1 108.5 109.5 109.9 101.3 107.5 108.1 108.5 108.7 109.8 1.0 Financial activities.......................... 106.9 111.8 111.7 112.6 107.7 110.9 111.4 112.7 112.4 113.4 .9 Professional and business services............ 101.2 109.8 109.6 109.5 101.3 107.6 108.6 109.1 109.1 109.5 .4 Education and health services................. 107.2 112.4 113.1 113.2 106.1 110.4 111.0 111.6 111.6 112.2 .5 Leisure and hospitality....................... 100.4 106.6 104.6 106.1 103.3 105.5 106.1 107.2 107.8 108.5 .6 Other services................................ 96.4 98.1 98.6 99.3 96.0 98.4 98.5 98.5 98.9 99.1 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2000 .............. 61.9 62.9 63.3 59.5 46.9 61.7 63.1 52.5 51.1 53.4 56.8 53.8 2001 .............. 52.2 47.8 50.4 34.4 41.4 39.2 37.1 38.8 38.3 32.4 36.7 34.9 2002 .............. 40.1 35.1 41.0 41.5 41.7 47.8 44.1 44.1 42.8 39.0 38.7 34.5 2003 .............. 41.2 35.1 38.1 41.4 42.8 40.1 40.5 39.7 49.3 46.0 51.1 49.1 2004 .............. 52.3 56.1 68.7 67.6 63.8 60.6 55.2 56.3 56.8 58.3 p57.4 p57.6 Over 3-month span: 2000 .............. 69.2 66.2 67.8 68.3 60.1 58.1 56.3 61.5 56.5 53.2 52.9 56.8 2001 .............. 52.7 50.4 50.4 43.5 38.8 34.9 36.2 37.9 34.7 35.3 30.8 32.0 2002 .............. 34.0 37.4 35.1 36.2 36.7 39.4 39.9 40.8 38.7 37.1 34.4 34.7 2003 .............. 36.5 32.6 36.3 35.1 40.5 42.6 37.4 35.4 40.1 45.5 50.5 51.1 2004 .............. 54.0 55.2 62.8 70.0 74.5 68.7 64.6 57.2 60.6 57.7 p58.6 p58.1 Over 6-month span: 2000 .............. 67.3 69.1 72.5 72.5 67.4 67.8 66.7 60.8 59.0 55.0 59.7 54.0 2001 .............. 51.8 50.0 51.8 47.3 43.5 41.5 38.1 35.4 32.2 33.1 31.5 31.1 2002 .............. 29.5 30.0 31.1 31.1 31.7 37.1 37.2 39.0 34.7 36.5 35.3 33.3 2003 .............. 33.6 31.1 31.7 31.7 33.5 37.8 36.2 36.5 40.5 39.4 42.6 41.7 2004 .............. 48.9 54.1 59.5 64.7 67.8 71.2 68.3 71.6 67.1 65.1 p61.0 p56.3 Over 12-month span: 2000 .............. 70.9 69.2 73.2 71.0 69.8 71.0 70.0 70.3 70.3 65.6 63.8 62.1 2001 .............. 59.5 59.5 53.4 49.3 48.6 45.0 43.3 43.9 39.9 37.8 37.1 34.9 2002 .............. 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.4 30.2 29.1 32.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 32.9 34.7 2003 .............. 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 36.2 34.4 34.7 33.1 37.6 37.4 33.1 35.4 2004 .............. 37.8 43.2 47.3 50.7 54.9 60.3 64.0 63.8 65.3 66.5 p68.7 p66.5 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2000 .............. 48.2 58.3 50.0 50.0 41.1 57.1 60.7 28.6 25.0 35.1 39.9 41.1 2001 .............. 22.6 22.0 21.4 16.1 15.5 23.2 13.7 14.3 19.0 17.9 14.9 10.1 2002 .............. 21.4 18.5 23.8 35.1 29.8 32.7 40.5 28.0 31.0 11.9 15.5 17.9 2003 .............. 26.2 15.5 22.6 13.7 26.2 25.0 28.0 26.2 27.4 28.6 51.2 45.8 2004 .............. 42.9 55.4 60.1 66.1 64.9 52.4 57.1 48.2 44.0 47.6 p47.6 p51.2 Over 3-month span: 2000 .............. 53.6 53.6 56.0 54.8 44.0 44.0 51.2 47.6 32.7 25.0 23.2 38.7 2001 .............. 35.7 21.4 16.1 14.3 13.1 13.7 11.9 8.9 8.3 13.1 8.9 10.1 2002 .............. 9.5 10.1 11.3 17.9 17.3 19.0 28.0 22.0 23.8 15.5 6.5 4.8 2003 .............. 13.7 13.1 16.7 10.1 13.1 14.9 16.1 16.1 16.1 24.4 27.4 41.7 2004 .............. 48.8 51.8 59.5 66.1 71.4 65.5 65.5 51.8 53.0 43.5 p44.6 p42.3 Over 6-month span: 2000 .............. 44.0 52.4 55.4 57.7 47.6 51.8 56.0 45.2 39.3 34.5 32.1 27.4 2001 .............. 22.0 23.8 22.0 20.8 14.3 13.7 14.3 10.1 10.7 5.4 7.1 4.8 2002 .............. 6.5 8.9 7.7 8.3 7.7 14.3 14.9 10.7 12.5 10.1 8.9 8.9 2003 .............. 11.3 9.5 6.0 7.1 8.9 13.1 8.9 13.1 13.1 16.7 19.0 19.6 2004 .............. 28.6 36.9 46.4 56.5 61.3 64.9 66.7 66.1 58.3 54.8 p45.2 p46.4 Over 12-month span: 2000 .............. 41.7 39.3 47.0 50.0 46.4 52.4 51.8 49.4 46.4 40.5 35.1 33.3 2001 .............. 29.8 32.1 20.8 19.0 13.1 12.5 10.7 11.9 11.9 10.1 8.3 6.0 2002 .............. 7.1 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.1 3.6 4.8 6.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 8.3 2003 .............. 10.7 6.0 6.5 5.4 8.3 9.5 9.5 9.5 10.7 11.9 9.5 11.3 2004 .............. 9.5 19.0 16.7 26.2 29.8 40.5 50.0 50.6 52.4 55.4 p52.4 p48.2 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.