Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 99-286 Household data:(202) 606-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 606-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, October 8, 1999. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: SEPTEMBER 1999 Payroll employment was essentially unchanged in September, and the unemployment rate remained at 4.2 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment declined in manufacturing and retail trade, and the services industry added relatively few jobs over the month. Average hourly earnings rose by 7 cents in September, following a 2-cent increase in August. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons, 5.8 million, was essentially unchanged in September, and the unemployment rate held at 4.2 percent. The rate has been 4.2 or 4.3 percent each month since March. The jobless rates for most major demographic groups--adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.7 percent), whites (3.6 percent), blacks (8.3 percent), and Hispanics (6.7 percent)-- showed little or no change from August. The rate for teenagers rose to 15.0 percent in September. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The civilian labor force, at 139.4 million, was essentially unchanged in September. The labor force participation rate held at 66.9 percent. Total employment also was about unchanged, at 133.6 million, and the employment- population ratio remained at 64.1 percent. (See table A-1.) About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in September. These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of the total employed, down from 6.0 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in September, down from 1.4 million a year earlier. These were people who wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them--was 289,000 in September. (See table A-10.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Aug.- Category | 1999 | 1999 | Sept. |_________________|________ _________________|change | II | III | July | Aug. | Sept. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 139,173| 139,301| 139,254| 139,264| 139,386| 122 Employment..........| 133,242| 133,423| 133,307| 133,411| 133,550| 139 Unemployment........| 5,931| 5,879| 5,947| 5,853| 5,836| -17 Not in labor force....| 68,259| 68,743| 68,574| 68,774| 68,879| 105 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.3 | 4.2| 4.3| 4.2| 4.2| .0 Adult men...........| 3.5 | 3.5| 3.5| 3.6| 3.4| -0.2 Adult women.........| 3.9 | 3.8| 4.0| 3.7| 3.7| .0 Teenagers...........| 13.4 | 13.7| 12.7| 13.5| 15.0| 1.5 White...............| 3.8 | 3.7| 3.7| 3.7| 3.6| -.1 Black...............| 7.5 | 8.3| 8.8| 7.8| 8.3| .5 Hispanic origin.....| 6.8 | 6.5| 6.2| 6.5| 6.7| .2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 128,246|p128,882| 128,816|p128,919|p128,911| p-8 Goods-producing 1/..| 25,222| p25,176| 25,247| p25,140| p25,141| p1 Construction......| 6,258| p6,260| 6,270| p6,245| p6,266| p21 Manufacturing.....| 18,433| p18,391| 18,449| p18,372| p18,351| p-21 Service-producing 1/| 103,024|p103,706| 103,569|p103,779|p103,770| p-9 Retail trade......| 22,756| p22,873| 22,903| p22,882| p22,833| p-49 Services..........| 38,810| p39,165| 39,055| p39,201| p39,240| p39 Government........| 20,094| p20,180| 20,153| p20,205| p20,182| p-23 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.4| p34.5| 34.5| p34.5| p34.4| p-0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| p41.8| 41.9| p41.8| p41.8| p.0 Overtime..........| 4.5| p4.7| 4.7| p4.7| p4.7| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 147.3| p148.1| 148.3| p148.4| p147.7| p-0.7 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.19| p$13.32| $13.28| p$13.30| p$13.37| p$0.07 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 454.06| p458.98| 458.16| p458.85| p459.93| p1.08 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged in September at 128.9 million, seasonally adjusted. For the third quarter, the average monthly payroll employment increase was 156,000, compared with an average monthly gain of 210,000 over the first half of the year. The widespread flooding and other serious problems caused by Hurricane Floyd during the survey reference period negatively affected employment in some industries. (In the establishment survey, persons who are on unpaid absence from work for the entire reference period are not counted as employed.) Still, employment growth was relatively slow even in the areas of the country and industries that appear to have been unaffected by the hurricane. (See table B-1.) In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing lost 21,000 jobs in September. Employment declined, on average, 15,000 per month in the third quarter of this year, compared with 36,000 per month during the first half of the year. In September, job losses continued in industrial machinery, aircraft, apparel, and textiles. Employment in food and kindred products rose by 11,000, but this followed a decline of 17,000 in the previous month. Since January, the food processing industry has lost 24,000 jobs. In contrast, employment in electrical equipment manufacturing increased by 6,000 in September and has had a net gain of 10,000 jobs since June. In the first half of the year, the industry lost 12,000 jobs. Construction employment increased by 21,000 in September, seasonally adjusted, following a decline of about the same magnitude in August. Employment in mining was essentially unchanged over the month. The number of jobs in oil and gas extraction held steady in the third quarter, following sharp losses in the first half of the year. In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry grew by only 39,000 in September, well below the average monthly gain of 126,000 for the prior 12 months. The disruptions caused by Hurricane Floyd may have contributed to employment declines or below-average growth in personnel supply services, amusements and recreation, social services, and membership organizations. In some other services industries, below-average growth in September appears to be unrelated to the hurricane. These include health services and engineering and management services. In contrast, computer services continued its rapid growth, adding 12,000 jobs. Employment in retail trade declined by 49,000 in September, the second consecutive monthly decline; during the first 7 months of the year, the average monthly employment gain in the industry was 54,000. Some of the employment declines in eating and drinking places and other retail establish- ments may have been related to the hurricane. For the fifth consecutive month, department stores lost jobs; since April, employment in the industry has fallen by 49,000. Employment in wholesale trade was essentially unchanged in September. - 4 - Transportation and public utilities added 20,000 jobs in September, nearly all of which were in trucking and air transportation. Employment had been weak in both industries in August. In September, employment in finance, insurance, and real estate was virtually unchanged. Mortgage banking lost 6,000 jobs, the fourth monthly decrease in a row after 4 years of growth. Real estate employment was little changed in September and has shown a net increase of just 3,000 since June. In contrast, the industry added 25,000 jobs during the first half of the year. State and local government employment declined in September, partly offsetting gains in the prior month. Federal government employment continued its downward trend. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in September to 34.4 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek and overtime were unchanged at 41.8 and 4.7 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.5 percent to 147.7 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index declined by 0.2 percent in September to 106.2. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 7 cents in September to $13.37, seasonally adjusted. In each of the first 3 quarters of the year, average hourly earnings increased by 13 cents. In September, average weekly earnings rose by 0.2 percent to $459.93, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.8 percent, and average weekly earnings rose by 3.5 percent. (See table B-3.) _________________________ The Employment Situation for October 1999 is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or $40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 205,699 208,038 208,265 205,699 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 Civilian labor force............................ 137,903 140,090 139,217 138,081 139,019 139,408 139,254 139,264 139,386 Participation rate........................ 67.0 67.3 66.8 67.1 67.0 67.1 67.0 66.9 66.9 Employed...................................... 131,864 134,264 133,555 131,818 133,224 133,432 133,307 133,411 133,550 Employment-population ratio............... 64.1 64.5 64.1 64.1 64.2 64.3 64.1 64.1 64.1 Agriculture................................. 3,671 3,525 3,342 3,470 3,295 3,354 3,292 3,219 3,137 Nonagricultural industries.................. 128,193 130,739 130,214 128,348 129,929 130,078 130,015 130,192 130,413 Unemployed.................................... 6,039 5,826 5,661 6,263 5,795 5,975 5,947 5,853 5,836 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 Not in labor force.............................. 67,796 67,948 69,048 67,618 68,408 68,225 68,574 68,774 68,879 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,006 99,863 99,976 99,006 99,563 99,668 99,761 99,863 99,976 Civilian labor force............................ 73,954 75,190 74,393 74,202 74,316 74,420 74,500 74,400 74,634 Participation rate........................ 74.7 75.3 74.4 74.9 74.6 74.7 74.7 74.5 74.7 Employed...................................... 70,866 72,348 71,603 70,841 71,198 71,321 71,444 71,332 71,615 Employment-population ratio............... 71.6 72.4 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.6 71.6 71.4 71.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,088 2,842 2,790 3,361 3,118 3,099 3,056 3,067 3,019 Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 3.8 3.8 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,003 91,692 91,793 91,003 91,368 91,487 91,561 91,692 91,793 Civilian labor force............................ 69,817 70,509 70,286 69,869 69,932 70,127 70,164 70,179 70,326 Participation rate........................ 76.7 76.9 76.6 76.8 76.5 76.7 76.6 76.5 76.6 Employed...................................... 67,416 68,210 68,078 67,262 67,399 67,633 67,687 67,682 67,950 Employment-population ratio............... 74.1 74.4 74.2 73.9 73.8 73.9 73.9 73.8 74.0 Agriculture................................. 2,526 2,377 2,296 2,402 2,212 2,248 2,271 2,242 2,168 Nonagricultural industries.................. 64,890 65,833 65,782 64,860 65,186 65,385 65,416 65,440 65,782 Unemployed.................................... 2,401 2,299 2,208 2,607 2,534 2,494 2,477 2,496 2,376 Unemployment rate......................... 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,693 108,175 108,289 106,693 107,864 107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 Civilian labor force............................ 63,949 64,900 64,823 63,879 64,704 64,988 64,754 64,864 64,753 Participation rate........................ 59.9 60.0 59.9 59.9 60.0 60.2 59.9 60.0 59.8 Employed...................................... 60,998 61,917 61,952 60,977 62,026 62,112 61,863 62,079 61,935 Employment-population ratio............... 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.5 57.5 57.2 57.4 57.2 Unemployed.................................... 2,951 2,984 2,871 2,902 2,677 2,876 2,891 2,786 2,817 Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 98,994 100,285 100,385 98,994 100,008 100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 Civilian labor force............................ 60,059 60,568 61,053 59,804 60,729 61,092 60,791 60,908 60,793 Participation rate........................ 60.7 60.4 60.8 60.4 60.7 61.0 60.7 60.7 60.6 Employed...................................... 57,610 58,093 58,753 57,426 58,520 58,719 58,373 58,654 58,572 Employment-population ratio............... 58.2 57.9 58.5 58.0 58.5 58.6 58.3 58.5 58.3 Agriculture................................. 834 840 833 767 831 869 797 764 767 Nonagricultural industries.................. 56,776 57,253 57,920 56,659 57,689 57,849 57,576 57,890 57,804 Unemployed.................................... 2,449 2,475 2,299 2,378 2,209 2,373 2,418 2,254 2,222 Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,702 16,061 16,086 15,702 16,051 16,014 16,065 16,061 16,086 Civilian labor force............................ 8,027 9,014 7,878 8,408 8,358 8,189 8,300 8,177 8,267 Participation rate........................ 51.1 56.1 49.0 53.5 52.1 51.1 51.7 50.9 51.4 Employed...................................... 6,838 7,962 6,724 7,130 7,306 7,081 7,247 7,075 7,028 Employment-population ratio............... 43.5 49.6 41.8 45.4 45.5 44.2 45.1 44.0 43.7 Agriculture................................. 311 309 212 301 252 237 225 212 201 Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,527 7,653 6,512 6,829 7,054 6,843 7,023 6,862 6,827 Unemployed.................................... 1,189 1,051 1,154 1,278 1,052 1,108 1,053 1,102 1,238 Unemployment rate......................... 14.8 11.7 14.7 15.2 12.6 13.5 12.7 13.5 15.0 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 171,804 173,275 173,432 171,804 172,859 172,999 173,133 173,275 173,432 Civilian labor force............................ 115,599 117,093 116,243 115,751 116,254 116,578 116,393 116,602 116,409 Participation rate.......................... 67.3 67.6 67.0 67.4 67.3 67.4 67.2 67.3 67.1 Employed...................................... 111,316 112,846 112,241 111,221 111,985 112,092 112,117 112,277 112,210 Employment-population ratio................. 64.8 65.1 64.7 64.7 64.8 64.8 64.8 64.8 64.7 Unemployed.................................... 4,284 4,246 4,002 4,530 4,269 4,486 4,276 4,325 4,198 Unemployment rate........................... 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 59,542 60,063 59,808 59,587 59,500 59,711 59,837 59,968 59,839 Participation rate.......................... 77.2 77.5 77.1 77.3 77.0 77.2 77.3 77.4 77.1 Employed...................................... 57,756 58,303 58,236 57,615 57,615 57,784 57,978 58,013 58,120 Employment-population ratio................. 74.9 75.2 75.1 74.7 74.5 74.7 74.9 74.8 74.9 Unemployed.................................... 1,785 1,760 1,571 1,972 1,884 1,927 1,859 1,955 1,719 Unemployment rate........................... 3.0 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 49,348 49,410 49,746 49,108 49,669 49,933 49,542 49,701 49,534 Participation rate.......................... 60.0 59.5 59.9 59.8 60.0 60.2 59.7 59.9 59.6 Employed...................................... 47,682 47,653 48,138 47,456 48,067 48,215 47,878 48,134 47,946 Employment-population ratio................. 58.0 57.4 57.9 57.7 58.0 58.2 57.7 58.0 57.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,667 1,757 1,608 1,652 1,602 1,718 1,665 1,567 1,587 Unemployment rate........................... 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 6,709 7,620 6,690 7,056 7,085 6,934 7,013 6,932 7,036 Participation rate.......................... 53.6 59.8 52.5 56.4 55.8 54.6 55.1 54.4 55.2 Employed...................................... 5,878 6,890 5,867 6,150 6,302 6,093 6,261 6,129 6,144 Employment-population ratio................. 46.9 54.1 46.0 49.1 49.7 48.0 49.2 48.1 48.2 Unemployed.................................... 832 730 823 906 783 840 753 803 892 Unemployment rate........................... 12.4 9.6 12.3 12.8 11.0 12.1 10.7 11.6 12.7 Men....................................... 14.1 9.7 12.4 14.7 11.9 11.8 10.9 12.2 13.0 Women..................................... 10.5 9.4 12.2 10.8 10.1 12.5 10.6 10.9 12.4 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,458 24,904 24,946 24,458 24,798 24,833 24,867 24,904 24,946 Civilian labor force............................ 15,996 16,474 16,494 16,027 16,303 16,300 16,384 16,279 16,534 Participation rate.......................... 65.4 66.2 66.1 65.5 65.7 65.6 65.9 65.4 66.3 Employed...................................... 14,552 15,156 15,113 14,584 15,079 15,103 14,949 15,005 15,154 Employment-population ratio................. 59.5 60.9 60.6 59.6 60.8 60.8 60.1 60.3 60.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,444 1,318 1,381 1,443 1,224 1,197 1,434 1,274 1,380 Unemployment rate........................... 9.0 8.0 8.4 9.0 7.5 7.3 8.8 7.8 8.3 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,024 7,183 7,216 6,999 7,206 7,152 7,132 7,151 7,200 Participation rate.......................... 72.0 72.2 72.4 71.7 72.8 72.1 71.8 71.9 72.3 Employed...................................... 6,534 6,760 6,711 6,499 6,727 6,712 6,601 6,706 6,684 Employment-population ratio................. 66.9 68.0 67.3 66.6 68.0 67.7 66.5 67.4 67.1 Unemployed.................................... 490 424 506 500 479 440 531 445 516 Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 5.9 7.0 7.1 6.6 6.1 7.4 6.2 7.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,932 8,239 8,361 7,948 8,177 8,214 8,318 8,229 8,383 Participation rate.......................... 64.8 66.1 66.9 64.9 65.8 66.0 66.8 66.0 67.1 Employed...................................... 7,277 7,627 7,774 7,320 7,653 7,671 7,663 7,658 7,821 Employment-population ratio................. 59.4 61.1 62.2 59.8 61.6 61.7 61.5 61.4 62.6 Unemployed.................................... 655 613 587 628 524 544 654 571 562 Unemployment rate........................... 8.3 7.4 7.0 7.9 6.4 6.6 7.9 6.9 6.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,040 1,052 917 1,080 920 934 934 899 951 Participation rate.......................... 42.3 42.3 36.9 44.0 37.1 37.7 37.6 36.2 38.3 Employed...................................... 742 770 628 765 699 721 685 642 649 Employment-population ratio................. 30.2 31.0 25.3 31.1 28.2 29.0 27.6 25.8 26.1 Unemployed.................................... 299 282 289 315 222 214 249 257 302 Unemployment rate........................... 28.7 26.8 31.5 29.2 24.1 22.9 26.7 28.6 31.7 Men....................................... 30.5 27.8 28.7 32.7 26.2 26.7 30.8 29.4 30.6 Women..................................... 26.9 25.9 34.2 25.7 22.0 19.6 22.9 27.9 32.9 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,224 21,752 21,820 21,224 21,548 21,618 21,684 21,752 21,820 Civilian labor force............................ 14,487 14,843 14,768 14,457 14,535 14,643 14,592 14,734 14,756 Participation rate.......................... 68.3 68.2 67.7 68.1 67.5 67.7 67.3 67.7 67.6 Employed...................................... 13,481 13,872 13,818 13,394 13,558 13,654 13,685 13,776 13,763 Employment-population ratio................. 63.5 63.8 63.3 63.1 62.9 63.2 63.1 63.3 63.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,007 971 950 1,063 977 989 907 959 993 Unemployment rate........................... 6.9 6.5 6.4 7.4 6.7 6.8 6.2 6.5 6.7 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 29,290 28,568 28,583 29,290 28,298 28,515 28,015 28,568 28,583 Civilian labor force.................... 12,642 12,299 12,275 12,563 11,743 12,047 12,069 12,412 12,198 Percent of population............... 43.2 43.1 42.9 42.9 41.5 42.2 43.1 43.4 42.7 Employed.............................. 11,845 11,507 11,506 11,692 10,959 11,238 11,244 11,530 11,358 Employment-population ratio......... 40.4 40.3 40.3 39.9 38.7 39.4 40.1 40.4 39.7 Unemployed............................ 797 793 769 871 784 810 825 883 840 Unemployment rate................... 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.1 6.9 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,589 57,195 57,518 57,589 57,931 57,963 57,162 57,195 57,518 Civilian labor force.................... 37,468 36,797 37,286 37,289 37,416 37,403 36,941 36,845 37,133 Percent of population............... 65.1 64.3 64.8 64.8 64.6 64.5 64.6 64.4 64.6 Employed.............................. 36,050 35,550 36,022 35,783 36,058 35,961 35,629 35,550 35,807 Employment-population ratio......... 62.6 62.2 62.6 62.1 62.2 62.0 62.3 62.2 62.3 Unemployed............................ 1,418 1,247 1,264 1,506 1,359 1,442 1,313 1,294 1,325 Unemployment rate................... 3.8 3.4 3.4 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.6 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 41,769 43,130 42,955 41,769 42,742 42,780 43,610 43,130 42,955 Civilian labor force.................... 31,184 31,751 31,930 31,271 31,930 31,937 32,102 31,803 32,076 Percent of population............... 74.7 73.6 74.3 74.9 74.7 74.7 73.6 73.7 74.7 Employed.............................. 30,276 30,765 31,086 30,343 31,043 31,130 31,097 30,795 31,211 Employment-population ratio......... 72.5 71.3 72.4 72.6 72.6 72.8 71.3 71.4 72.7 Unemployed............................ 907 986 844 928 886 806 1,005 1,008 866 Unemployment rate................... 2.9 3.1 2.6 3.0 2.8 2.5 3.1 3.2 2.7 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,669 45,086 45,081 43,669 44,442 44,464 45,042 45,086 45,081 Civilian labor force.................... 35,059 35,915 35,948 34,914 35,771 35,856 35,981 36,142 35,745 Percent of population............... 80.3 79.7 79.7 80.0 80.5 80.6 79.9 80.2 79.3 Employed.............................. 34,453 35,223 35,333 34,335 35,107 35,128 35,317 35,579 35,157 Employment-population ratio......... 78.9 78.1 78.4 78.6 79.0 79.0 78.4 78.9 78.0 Unemployed............................ 606 692 615 579 664 727 664 563 588 Unemployment rate................... 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 131,864 134,264 133,555 131,818 133,224 133,432 133,307 133,411 133,550 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,385 43,398 43,663 43,170 42,882 43,291 43,353 43,398 43,446 Married women, spouse present................... 33,067 33,023 33,403 32,891 33,487 33,802 33,302 33,458 33,204 Women who maintain families..................... 8,042 8,332 8,380 7,984 8,039 7,991 8,289 8,357 8,313 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 39,572 40,504 40,892 39,553 40,500 40,946 40,901 40,893 40,843 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,485 38,998 38,519 38,478 39,103 38,729 38,573 38,842 38,557 Service occupations............................. 17,835 18,341 17,817 17,926 18,111 18,020 18,035 18,034 17,907 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,060 14,355 14,531 14,045 14,432 14,084 14,405 14,241 14,589 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,073 18,231 18,202 18,118 17,813 18,190 17,985 18,058 18,260 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,838 3,836 3,594 3,585 3,441 3,504 3,423 3,422 3,346 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,260 2,088 2,051 2,145 1,919 1,911 1,938 1,900 1,929 Self-employed workers......................... 1,368 1,379 1,246 1,290 1,348 1,369 1,300 1,262 1,176 Unpaid family workers......................... 43 58 44 40 33 37 47 48 41 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 118,974 121,595 121,255 119,148 121,168 121,005 121,157 121,163 121,498 Government.................................. 18,268 18,646 18,939 18,448 18,672 19,110 19,068 19,243 19,131 Private industries.......................... 100,706 102,949 102,316 100,700 102,496 101,895 102,089 101,920 102,367 Private households........................ 887 923 1,006 918 910 1,001 943 871 1,039 Other industries.......................... 99,818 102,026 101,310 99,782 101,586 100,894 101,146 101,049 101,328 Self-employed workers......................... 9,131 9,057 8,864 9,096 8,687 8,857 8,837 9,066 8,820 Unpaid family workers......................... 88 87 95 88 60 87 74 91 98 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,112 3,238 2,948 3,419 3,422 3,418 3,299 3,248 3,269 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,721 1,759 1,689 1,913 1,946 2,092 1,983 1,871 1,895 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,113 1,068 1,031 1,168 1,137 1,014 1,044 1,057 1,087 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,989 16,455 19,069 18,687 18,632 18,666 19,122 19,359 18,787 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 2,928 3,102 2,814 3,191 3,247 3,232 3,130 3,105 3,096 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,619 1,677 1,596 1,800 1,838 1,944 1,846 1,791 1,789 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,072 1,046 1,015 1,132 1,111 1,010 1,028 1,041 1,080 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,378 15,870 18,490 18,161 18,098 18,016 18,618 18,781 18,288 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 6,263 5,853 5,836 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,607 2,496 2,376 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,378 2,254 2,222 4.0 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,278 1,102 1,238 15.2 12.6 13.5 12.7 13.5 15.0 Married men, spouse present.................... 1,006 1,022 955 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1 Married women, spouse present.................. 921 921 885 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.6 Women who maintain families.................... 653 567 574 7.6 6.0 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.5 Full-time workers.............................. 4,916 4,756 4,553 4.3 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 Part-time workers.............................. 1,298 1,118 1,247 5.3 5.1 5.4 4.9 4.5 5.1 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 711 733 744 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,550 1,448 1,390 3.9 3.3 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.5 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 628 682 586 4.3 4.1 4.9 3.8 4.6 3.9 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,357 1,187 1,277 7.0 6.5 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.5 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 269 228 172 7.0 8.0 7.5 6.4 6.2 4.9 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 5,024 4,536 4,663 4.8 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 Goods-producing industries................... 1,474 1,383 1,375 5.1 4.4 4.7 4.4 5.0 4.9 Mining..................................... 18 25 44 3.0 5.9 4.7 6.4 4.0 7.1 Construction............................... 601 586 519 8.6 7.2 7.5 6.7 7.9 6.8 Manufacturing.............................. 855 773 812 4.0 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.9 4.1 Durable goods............................ 470 447 510 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.7 4.1 Nondurable goods......................... 385 326 302 4.6 3.6 4.0 3.0 4.2 3.9 Service-producing industries................. 3,550 3,153 3,288 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.0 4.2 Transportation and public utilities........ 257 245 217 3.5 3.3 2.8 3.6 3.1 2.7 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,547 1,282 1,415 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.2 4.8 5.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 191 196 178 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2 Services................................... 1,555 1,430 1,477 4.5 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.0 4.1 Government workers............................. 422 405 381 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 183 206 108 7.9 10.7 9.6 8.9 9.8 5.3 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,665 2,498 2,627 2,638 2,467 2,529 2,680 2,621 2,589 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,793 1,976 1,664 1,968 1,816 1,736 1,766 1,810 1,831 15 weeks and over................................ 1,581 1,352 1,370 1,636 1,523 1,668 1,505 1,449 1,392 15 to 26 weeks................................ 686 633 672 732 794 824 787 745 698 27 weeks and over............................. 896 719 698 904 729 844 718 704 694 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 14.5 13.1 13.1 14.3 13.4 14.5 13.6 13.2 12.8 Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.8 6.7 6.0 6.6 6.7 6.2 5.7 6.5 5.8 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 44.1 42.9 46.4 42.3 42.5 42.6 45.0 44.6 44.5 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 29.7 33.9 29.4 31.5 31.3 29.3 29.7 30.8 31.5 15 weeks and over.............................. 26.2 23.2 24.2 26.2 26.2 28.1 25.3 24.6 23.9 15 to 26 weeks............................... 11.4 10.9 11.9 11.7 13.7 13.9 13.2 12.7 12.0 27 weeks and over............................ 14.8 12.3 12.3 14.5 12.6 14.2 12.1 12.0 11.9 NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,534 2,559 2,299 2,865 2,663 2,683 2,740 2,662 2,586 On temporary layoff............................. 628 784 620 909 821 892 850 929 890 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,905 1,775 1,678 1,956 1,842 1,791 1,890 1,734 1,696 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,237 1,250 1,158 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 668 525 520 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 854 866 871 727 789 864 755 797 737 Reentrants........................................ 2,223 1,925 2,028 2,161 2,040 2,057 2,011 1,896 1,965 New entrants...................................... 428 477 464 501 415 349 402 483 537 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 42.0 43.9 40.6 45.8 45.1 45.1 46.4 45.6 44.4 On temporary layoff............................ 10.4 13.5 11.0 14.5 13.9 15.0 14.4 15.9 15.3 Not on temporary layoff........................ 31.5 30.5 29.6 31.3 31.2 30.1 32.0 29.7 29.1 Job leavers...................................... 14.1 14.9 15.4 11.6 13.4 14.5 12.8 13.6 12.7 Reentrants....................................... 36.8 33.0 35.8 34.6 34.5 34.6 34.0 32.5 33.7 New entrants..................................... 7.1 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.0 5.9 6.8 8.3 9.2 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.6 4.3 4.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.3 4.9 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.6 7.2 7.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 6,263 5,853 5,836 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,400 2,126 2,245 10.9 9.4 9.9 9.6 9.6 10.1 16 to 19 years................................ 1,278 1,102 1,238 15.2 12.6 13.5 12.7 13.5 15.0 16 to 17 years.............................. 596 517 532 17.6 15.9 16.1 14.6 15.8 16.3 18 to 19 years.............................. 679 592 706 13.5 10.6 11.8 11.4 12.1 14.1 20 to 24 years................................ 1,122 1,023 1,007 8.2 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.3 7.2 25 years and over............................... 3,894 3,745 3,630 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 25 to 54 years................................ 3,416 3,272 3,168 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 55 years and over............................. 464 472 458 2.7 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.6 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,361 3,067 3,019 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 16 to 24 years................................ 1,374 1,126 1,162 11.9 10.2 10.7 10.2 9.8 9.9 16 to 19 years.............................. 754 571 642 17.4 13.3 14.1 13.4 13.5 14.9 16 to 17 years............................ 352 270 281 20.2 17.7 16.5 15.4 15.8 16.6 18 to 19 years............................ 386 308 345 15.1 10.6 12.8 11.8 12.3 13.4 20 to 24 years.............................. 620 555 519 8.6 8.3 8.7 8.3 7.6 7.0 25 years and over............................. 1,994 1,963 1,873 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,711 1,680 1,581 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 55 years and over........................... 286 286 296 3.0 2.7 2.6 3.2 2.9 3.0 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,902 2,786 2,817 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 16 to 24 years................................ 1,026 1,000 1,083 9.8 8.6 9.0 8.9 9.4 10.2 16 to 19 years.............................. 524 531 596 12.9 11.8 12.9 11.9 13.4 15.0 16 to 17 years............................ 244 248 250 14.9 13.8 15.7 13.8 15.8 15.9 18 to 19 years............................ 293 284 360 11.9 10.6 10.7 11.0 11.9 15.0 20 to 24 years.............................. 502 469 487 7.8 6.7 6.7 7.1 7.0 7.3 25 years and over............................. 1,900 1,782 1,758 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.2 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,705 1,593 1,587 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.4 55 years and over........................... 178 185 161 2.3 2.6 3.5 2.9 2.3 2.0 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. 1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 67,796 69,048 25,051 25,582 42,744 43,466 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,753 4,196 1,951 1,797 2,801 2,398 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,377 1,172 634 578 743 594 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 317 289 188 158 129 131 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 1,060 883 446 420 614 463 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,906 7,584 4,156 3,899 3,750 3,685 Percent of total employed..................................... 6.0 5.7 5.9 5.4 6.1 5.9 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,442 4,171 2,550 2,430 1,892 1,742 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,635 1,667 534 482 1,101 1,186 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 310 279 228 193 82 86 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,461 1,420 827 766 634 654 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total......................... 126,769 128,802 128,732 129,362 126,361 128,162 128,443 128,816 128,919 128,911 Total private.................... 107,086 109,711 109,734 109,372 106,470 108,085 108,338 108,663 108,714 108,729 Goods-producing......................... 25,705 25,567 25,622 25,518 25,333 25,199 25,180 25,247 25,140 25,141 Mining................................ 590 536 534 532 583 531 526 528 523 524 Metal mining........................ 50.3 49.0 47.4 47.0 50 49 48 48 46 47 Coal mining......................... 89.7 84.2 83.5 82.4 90 86 84 85 83 82 Oil and gas extraction.............. 336.7 289.4 289.7 290.2 334 287 285 285 285 286 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 112.9 113.8 113.3 112.8 109 109 109 110 109 109 Construction.......................... 6,282 6,620 6,620 6,546 6,009 6,239 6,258 6,270 6,245 6,266 General building contractors........ 1,417.7 1,504.7 1,494.7 1,464.7 1,382 1,427 1,430 1,432 1,424 1,429 Heavy construction, except building. 917.8 927.8 932.7 932.4 837 854 857 857 852 851 Special trade contractors........... 3,946.3 4,187.3 4,192.7 4,148.8 3,790 3,958 3,971 3,981 3,969 3,986 Manufacturing......................... 18,833 18,411 18,468 18,440 18,741 18,429 18,396 18,449 18,372 18,351 Production workers................ 12,980 12,615 12,678 12,688 12,893 12,662 12,623 12,691 12,613 12,607 Durable goods........................ 11,176 10,967 10,983 10,974 11,159 10,971 10,960 11,015 10,971 10,954 Production workers................ 7,639 7,482 7,497 7,508 7,628 7,504 7,487 7,549 7,507 7,495 Lumber and wood products............ 825.4 838.5 841.5 837.1 815 824 824 826 828 828 Furniture and fixtures.............. 531.0 540.7 542.1 540.5 532 537 538 546 543 541 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 574.4 577.7 579.8 579.0 565 569 568 571 568 570 Primary metal industries............ 711.9 684.7 687.6 685.7 712 689 687 692 689 685 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 230.6 222.2 222.8 220.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,500.9 1,476.9 1,482.9 1,486.4 1,500 1,487 1,485 1,493 1,485 1,484 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,189.2 2,125.1 2,113.8 2,111.0 2,197 2,129 2,128 2,131 2,122 2,116 Computer and office equipment..... 377.0 361.9 361.2 357.7 377 362 364 360 360 358 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,691.8 1,662.4 1,659.2 1,667.4 1,692 1,658 1,657 1,667 1,661 1,667 Electronic components and accessories.................... 649.5 640.1 641.6 642.3 651 635 637 639 641 643 Transportation equipment............ 1,892.7 1,834.7 1,850.5 1,842.2 1,891 1,853 1,849 1,863 1,852 1,841 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 997.7 986.8 1,009.9 1,006.9 996 996 998 1,014 1,011 1,006 Aircraft and parts................ 524.5 487.3 481.1 477.3 525 498 491 488 483 477 Instruments and related products.... 863.5 841.1 837.6 834.0 863 839 837 840 836 834 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 395.5 385.0 388.1 390.9 392 386 387 386 387 388 Nondurable goods..................... 7,657 7,444 7,485 7,466 7,582 7,458 7,436 7,434 7,401 7,397 Production workers................ 5,341 5,133 5,181 5,180 5,265 5,158 5,136 5,142 5,106 5,112 Food and kindred products........... 1,749.1 1,704.6 1,733.8 1,733.0 1,687 1,688 1,680 1,681 1,664 1,675 Tobacco products.................... 41.7 35.4 36.1 37.5 40 38 39 39 36 36 Textile mill products............... 596.5 556.4 557.0 555.6 593 563 560 559 557 554 Apparel and other textile products.. 758.0 672.0 675.2 673.4 751 691 686 679 671 666 Paper and allied products........... 673.6 660.8 660.6 657.6 672 661 659 659 658 658 Printing and publishing............. 1,560.3 1,554.5 1,553.2 1,549.6 1,565 1,551 1,552 1,554 1,554 1,554 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,042.9 1,037.3 1,035.6 1,031.9 1,043 1,036 1,033 1,032 1,030 1,031 Petroleum and coal products......... 142.2 141.1 139.9 138.4 140 138 137 138 137 136 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,011.4 1,012.2 1,021.1 1,015.9 1,010 1,018 1,016 1,021 1,021 1,014 Leather and leather products........ 80.8 69.6 72.8 73.0 81 74 74 72 73 73 Service-producing....................... 101,064 103,235 103,110 103,844 101,028 102,963 103,263 103,569 103,779 103,770 Transportation and public utilities... 6,681 6,784 6,794 6,868 6,637 6,758 6,781 6,799 6,808 6,828 Transportation...................... 4,356 4,410 4,415 4,500 4,313 4,402 4,423 4,438 4,441 4,459 Railroad transportation........... 234.5 231.7 227.2 227.6 233 233 233 230 226 225 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 483.0 420.1 421.4 498.1 471 480 483 483 488 486 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,787.5 1,841.1 1,850.2 1,858.0 1,759 1,802 1,810 1,817 1,817 1,828 Water transportation.............. 188.0 192.1 189.9 187.8 183 180 181 182 182 184 Transportation by air............. 1,191.5 1,238.1 1,239.2 1,243.0 1,196 1,226 1,234 1,240 1,243 1,250 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.9 13.4 13.2 13.0 14 13 13 13 13 13 Transportation services........... 457.5 473.2 473.5 472.7 457 468 469 473 472 473 Communications and public utilities. 2,325 2,374 2,379 2,368 2,324 2,356 2,358 2,361 2,367 2,369 Communications.................... 1,473.4 1,523.7 1,529.5 1,525.7 1,472 1,513 1,513 1,519 1,524 1,526 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 851.8 850.5 849.3 842.1 852 843 845 842 843 843 Wholesale trade....................... 6,880 7,062 7,064 7,050 6,871 6,977 6,993 7,012 7,033 7,040 Durable goods....................... 4,060 4,183 4,186 4,166 4,066 4,124 4,139 4,154 4,171 4,171 Nondurable goods.................... 2,820 2,879 2,878 2,884 2,805 2,853 2,854 2,858 2,862 2,869 Retail trade.......................... 22,436 23,044 23,036 22,890 22,382 22,748 22,796 22,903 22,882 22,833 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 957.0 1,023.6 1,008.7 989.5 954 979 982 986 988 987 General merchandise stores.......... 2,709.9 2,719.5 2,720.1 2,718.3 2,745 2,784 2,782 2,778 2,773 2,755 Department stores................. 2,407.5 2,423.3 2,422.6 2,420.2 2,437 2,486 2,482 2,476 2,467 2,450 Food stores......................... 3,482.3 3,503.4 3,503.9 3,477.8 3,486 3,487 3,479 3,478 3,489 3,486 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,364.2 2,439.5 2,438.6 2,426.9 2,349 2,400 2,403 2,407 2,410 2,412 New and used car dealers.......... 1,052.9 1,090.4 1,092.2 1,093.8 1,050 1,077 1,080 1,085 1,088 1,091 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,131.2 1,185.0 1,192.1 1,170.8 1,150 1,172 1,178 1,192 1,189 1,184 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,021.7 1,080.9 1,083.3 1,085.5 1,033 1,084 1,091 1,090 1,094 1,097 Eating and drinking places.......... 7,911.5 8,165.1 8,147.7 8,068.9 7,782 7,880 7,911 7,989 7,953 7,934 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,858.4 2,927.0 2,941.4 2,952.6 2,883 2,962 2,970 2,983 2,986 2,978 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,473 7,747 7,732 7,653 7,467 7,621 7,636 7,647 7,650 7,647 Finance............................. 3,617 3,744 3,737 3,704 3,623 3,706 3,709 3,715 3,717 3,712 Depository institutions........... 2,036.1 2,061.0 2,058.0 2,039.8 2,040 2,047 2,045 2,044 2,046 2,046 Commercial banks................ 1,462.0 1,474.6 1,473.7 1,459.4 1,465 1,465 1,463 1,462 1,465 1,465 Savings institutions............ 256.4 258.4 256.4 254.1 258 256 256 256 255 255 Nondepository institutions........ 670.9 723.9 721.6 712.4 673 720 721 721 719 714 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 341.4 371.7 368.8 360.8 342 374 372 369 367 361 Security and commodity brokers.... 656.7 689.5 690.9 686.1 656 672 676 682 685 685 Holding and other investment offices........................ 252.8 269.1 266.9 266.0 254 267 267 268 267 267 Insurance........................... 2,359 2,417 2,414 2,403 2,362 2,399 2,402 2,404 2,406 2,407 Insurance carriers................ 1,609.8 1,645.5 1,641.8 1,632.7 1,611 1,635 1,638 1,635 1,635 1,634 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 749.3 771.9 772.6 770.7 751 764 764 769 771 773 Real estate......................... 1,497 1,586 1,581 1,546 1,482 1,516 1,525 1,528 1,527 1,528 Services2............................. 37,911 39,507 39,486 39,393 37,780 38,782 38,952 39,055 39,201 39,240 Agricultural services............... 750.6 841.6 826.3 803.7 712 751 757 760 756 762 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,836.0 1,952.6 1,946.5 1,854.2 1,785 1,786 1,797 1,807 1,808 1,807 Personal services................... 1,160.1 1,164.4 1,164.7 1,176.6 1,195 1,189 1,200 1,207 1,207 1,214 Business services................... 8,759.0 9,190.9 9,297.0 9,306.1 8,654 9,047 9,088 9,148 9,189 9,198 Services to buildings............. 958.5 999.8 1,005.9 1,007.7 956 979 984 992 997 1,003 Personnel supply services......... 3,334.7 3,423.9 3,507.8 3,500.5 3,230 3,366 3,387 3,422 3,420 3,420 Help supply services............ 2,972.9 3,033.9 3,113.3 3,102.0 2,874 2,986 3,000 3,025 3,025 3,018 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,634.8 1,796.5 1,808.0 1,811.6 1,639 1,765 1,781 1,794 1,807 1,819 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,154.7 1,193.5 1,192.7 1,191.4 1,153 1,182 1,184 1,185 1,186 1,189 Miscellaneous repair services....... 386.6 399.6 400.4 397.1 384 398 395 395 397 396 Motion pictures..................... 569.3 618.8 621.0 608.6 577 604 611 609 608 616 Amusement and recreation services... 1,707.4 2,006.6 1,981.9 1,793.1 1,622 1,675 1,695 1,694 1,712 1,697 Health services..................... 9,862.3 10006.9 10011.7 9,996.8 9,873 9,954 9,964 9,975 9,996 10,004 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,816.7 1,875.9 1,882.4 1,872.5 1,818 1,860 1,864 1,868 1,876 1,874 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,761.2 1,759.8 1,760.1 1,755.9 1,761 1,755 1,755 1,754 1,755 1,754 Hospitals......................... 3,937.7 3,984.3 3,980.5 3,975.3 3,943 3,966 3,969 3,968 3,973 3,978 Home health care services......... 658.3 654.2 655.6 658.0 658 653 653 655 658 658 Legal services...................... 973.6 1,018.0 1,010.3 1,000.9 980 999 1,002 1,000 1,004 1,006 Educational services................ 2,139.4 1,989.9 1,961.6 2,243.2 2,189 2,265 2,272 2,278 2,285 2,296 Social services..................... 2,661.6 2,780.4 2,758.5 2,791.0 2,672 2,760 2,778 2,763 2,799 2,791 Child day care services........... 613.9 579.5 580.0 631.5 610 629 633 632 631 622 Residential care.................. 750.5 787.1 789.1 785.7 753 775 777 781 785 788 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 94.2 102.7 101.6 94.8 93 93 94 94 95 94 Membership organizations............ 2,347.9 2,476.1 2,449.3 2,388.5 2,369 2,394 2,409 2,403 2,409 2,411 Engineering and management services. 3,217.5 3,469.2 3,466.8 3,452.2 3,231 3,391 3,411 3,441 3,455 3,463 Engineering and architectural services....................... 916.1 962.3 961.9 947.5 913 940 942 948 947 944 Management and public relations... 1,058.8 1,177.9 1,182.2 1,185.2 1,058 1,143 1,153 1,165 1,176 1,178 Services, nec....................... 52.8 58.2 57.7 57.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 19,683 19,091 18,998 19,990 19,891 20,077 20,105 20,153 20,205 20,182 Federal............................. 2,685 2,668 2,658 2,642 2,689 2,666 2,664 2,656 2,652 2,649 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,818.0 1,803.6 1,795.3 1,776.2 1,815 1,788 1,789 1,779 1,780 1,775 State............................... 4,603 4,458 4,447 4,663 4,647 4,677 4,675 4,682 4,705 4,695 Education......................... 1,886.8 1,666.0 1,671.1 1,911.4 1,939 1,941 1,934 1,947 1,965 1,952 Other State government............ 2,715.7 2,792.3 2,775.4 2,751.3 2,708 2,736 2,741 2,735 2,740 2,743 Local............................... 12,395 11,965 11,893 12,685 12,555 12,734 12,766 12,815 12,848 12,838 Education......................... 6,947.9 6,111.1 6,121.0 7,152.6 7,103 7,225 7,239 7,268 7,304 7,302 Other local government............ 5,447.0 5,853.7 5,771.7 5,532.4 5,452 5,509 5,527 5,547 5,544 5,536 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... 34.3 34.7 35.1 34.2 34.5 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.4 Goods-producing......................... 40.5 40.9 41.3 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.2 41.2 41.1 41.2 Mining................................ 42.9 44.7 44.5 44.1 43.3 44.1 44.0 45.1 44.2 44.1 Construction.......................... 37.5 39.9 40.0 38.5 38.6 38.9 39.4 38.9 39.0 39.3 Manufacturing......................... 41.5 41.2 41.8 41.6 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.9 41.8 41.8 Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.4 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 Durable goods........................ 41.8 41.6 42.4 42.0 42.2 42.2 42.3 42.5 42.5 42.5 Overtime hours.................... 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 Lumber and wood products............ 40.5 41.1 41.6 40.8 40.7 41.2 41.1 41.1 41.2 40.9 Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.8 40.2 40.7 40.4 40.2 40.4 40.4 40.6 40.3 40.8 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.9 43.8 44.0 43.8 43.4 43.4 43.4 43.6 43.5 43.4 Primary metal industries............ 43.8 43.6 44.1 44.4 43.9 44.3 44.3 44.5 44.4 44.7 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 44.4 44.7 44.8 45.2 44.2 44.8 45.2 45.2 45.0 45.2 Fabricated metal products........... 41.6 41.5 42.3 41.8 42.2 42.1 42.1 42.3 42.4 42.5 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.8 41.7 42.2 41.8 42.6 42.1 42.0 42.4 42.6 42.7 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 41.0 40.9 41.6 41.1 41.4 41.5 41.5 41.7 41.7 41.5 Transportation equipment............ 43.3 42.2 43.7 43.8 43.8 43.5 44.2 44.4 44.0 44.0 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 43.8 42.8 44.7 45.3 44.3 44.4 45.4 46.0 45.2 45.6 Instruments and related products.... 40.6 41.0 41.3 41.2 41.1 41.6 41.5 41.7 41.5 41.8 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.3 39.3 40.1 39.6 39.5 40.2 40.0 40.1 40.2 39.9 Nondurable goods..................... 41.0 40.7 41.0 40.9 40.8 41.0 41.0 41.1 40.9 40.7 Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.4 Food and kindred products........... 42.5 41.8 41.9 41.9 41.7 41.8 41.8 42.0 41.6 41.3 Tobacco products.................... 37.4 40.4 39.9 39.6 37.7 39.9 39.1 41.1 39.8 39.7 Textile mill products............... 40.5 40.6 41.0 40.6 40.4 41.0 40.6 41.3 40.8 40.5 Apparel and other textile products.. 36.7 37.0 37.6 36.6 37.2 37.8 37.7 37.5 37.4 37.1 Paper and allied products........... 44.1 43.0 43.5 43.6 43.6 43.5 43.5 43.5 43.8 43.2 Printing and publishing............. 38.6 38.1 38.4 38.5 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.3 38.1 Chemicals and allied products....... 43.4 42.7 43.2 43.1 43.2 43.0 43.0 43.1 43.4 43.1 Petroleum and coal products......... 43.2 43.3 42.9 43.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.4 41.0 41.4 41.5 41.7 41.9 41.8 41.7 41.6 41.8 Leather and leather products........ 37.3 37.4 38.8 37.9 37.4 38.4 37.9 37.9 38.4 37.8 Service-producing....................... 32.7 33.2 33.5 32.5 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.7 Transportation and public utilities... 39.3 38.9 39.4 38.5 39.3 38.8 38.9 38.7 38.9 38.5 Wholesale trade....................... 38.1 38.4 38.8 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.3 Retail trade.......................... 29.1 29.8 29.9 28.7 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.0 28.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.9 36.2 36.9 36.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.3 32.8 33.2 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... $12.90 $13.15 $13.20 $13.39 $442.47 $456.31 $463.32 $457.94 Seasonally adjusted............. 12.88 13.28 13.30 13.37 444.36 458.16 458.85 459.93 Goods-producing......................... 14.49 14.91 14.93 15.07 586.85 609.82 616.61 614.86 Mining................................ 17.11 17.12 17.04 17.11 734.02 765.26 758.28 754.55 Construction.......................... 16.79 17.22 17.27 17.44 629.63 687.08 690.80 671.44 Manufacturing......................... 13.60 13.92 13.95 14.12 564.40 573.50 583.11 587.39 Durable goods........................ 14.07 14.38 14.46 14.63 588.13 598.21 613.10 614.46 Lumber and wood products............ 11.17 11.52 11.53 11.56 452.39 473.47 479.65 471.65 Furniture and fixtures.............. 10.99 11.24 11.28 11.34 437.40 451.85 459.10 458.14 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.82 14.00 13.97 14.18 606.70 613.20 614.68 621.08 Primary metal industries............ 15.61 16.03 15.94 16.17 683.72 698.91 702.95 717.95 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 18.76 19.12 18.90 19.05 832.94 854.66 846.72 861.06 Fabricated metal products........... 13.16 13.45 13.48 13.61 547.46 558.18 570.20 568.90 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 14.55 15.07 15.12 15.28 608.19 628.42 638.06 638.70 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.23 13.49 13.49 13.64 542.43 551.74 561.18 560.60 Transportation equipment............ 17.49 17.94 18.25 18.50 757.32 757.07 797.53 810.30 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 17.77 18.23 18.61 18.92 778.33 780.24 831.87 857.08 Instruments and related products.... 13.88 14.25 14.27 14.34 563.53 584.25 589.35 590.81 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10.98 11.32 11.32 11.45 431.51 444.88 453.93 453.42 Nondurable goods..................... 12.93 13.22 13.18 13.37 530.13 538.05 540.38 546.83 Food and kindred products........... 11.95 12.15 12.07 12.24 507.88 507.87 505.73 512.86 Tobacco products.................... 17.92 21.15 21.09 19.47 670.21 854.46 841.49 771.01 Textile mill products............... 10.48 10.71 10.72 10.82 424.44 434.83 439.52 439.29 Apparel and other textile products.. 8.63 8.83 8.88 9.00 316.72 326.71 333.89 329.40 Paper and allied products........... 15.84 16.05 15.98 16.29 698.54 690.15 695.13 710.24 Printing and publishing............. 13.65 13.80 13.82 13.97 526.89 525.78 530.69 537.85 Chemicals and allied products....... 17.30 17.49 17.51 17.78 750.82 746.82 756.43 766.32 Petroleum and coal products......... 20.83 21.35 21.35 21.73 899.86 924.46 915.92 936.56 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 11.98 12.35 12.30 12.47 495.97 506.35 509.22 517.51 Leather and leather products........ 9.35 9.61 9.74 9.88 348.76 359.41 377.91 374.45 Service-producing....................... 12.38 12.60 12.66 12.85 404.83 418.32 424.11 417.63 Transportation and public utilities... $15.41 $15.66 $15.65 $15.76 $605.61 $609.17 $616.61 $606.76 Wholesale trade....................... 14.16 14.55 14.66 14.71 539.50 558.72 568.81 561.92 Retail trade.......................... 8.88 9.02 9.04 9.19 258.41 268.80 270.30 263.75 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.10 14.53 14.63 14.64 506.19 525.99 539.85 527.04 Services.............................. 12.97 13.20 13.25 13.50 418.93 432.96 439.90 436.05 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. change Industry 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p from: Aug. 1999- Sept. 1999 Total private: Current dollars.............. $12.88 $13.18 $13.24 $13.28 $13.30 $13.37 0.5 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.80 7.85 7.89 7.88 7.87 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 14.41 14.75 14.85 14.90 14.91 14.97 .4 Mining...................... 17.06 17.05 16.96 17.23 17.15 17.16 .1 Construction................ 16.60 17.08 17.16 17.18 17.16 17.23 .4 Manufacturing............... 13.58 13.85 13.95 14.02 14.03 14.08 .4 Excluding overtime4....... 12.86 13.13 13.20 13.26 13.27 13.30 .2 Service-producing............. 12.38 12.68 12.73 12.77 12.79 12.87 .6 Transportation and public utilities................ 15.37 15.65 15.65 15.70 15.68 15.76 .5 Wholesale trade............. 14.18 14.48 14.56 14.61 14.64 14.73 .6 Retail trade................ 8.84 9.04 9.06 9.10 9.13 9.17 .4 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 14.16 14.60 14.62 14.68 14.65 14.70 .3 Services.................... 12.98 13.33 13.38 13.42 13.44 13.51 .5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from June 1999 to July 1999, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... 145.4 150.8 152.2 147.9 145.1 147.2 147.8 148.3 148.4 147.7 Goods-producing......................... 115.7 116.1 117.7 115.7 114.7 114.4 114.6 115.1 114.3 114.4 Mining................................ 54.8 51.6 51.3 50.8 54.6 50.1 49.7 50.9 49.8 49.9 Construction.......................... 167.4 187.2 187.5 178.4 162.7 170.0 172.8 170.7 170.4 172.0 Manufacturing......................... 108.6 104.9 106.9 106.4 108.3 106.5 106.3 107.3 106.4 106.2 Durable goods........................ 111.3 108.7 110.8 110.1 112.4 110.5 110.4 111.9 111.2 111.1 Lumber and wood products............ 145.5 149.8 152.0 148.4 144.0 147.3 146.9 147.3 147.7 146.8 Furniture and fixtures.............. 132.1 135.9 137.9 136.7 134.0 135.9 136.2 138.8 137.1 138.5 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 119.6 119.7 120.8 119.8 115.7 117.0 116.8 118.1 116.8 116.8 Primary metal industries............ 92.5 88.2 89.5 90.1 92.7 90.3 89.8 91.1 90.4 90.7 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 70.9 69.2 69.4 69.5 70.6 69.2 69.4 69.8 69.5 69.4 Fabricated metal products........... 116.9 114.2 116.9 115.9 118.4 116.9 116.6 118.2 117.4 117.5 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 106.4 102.8 102.7 102.2 109.1 104.5 104.0 105.3 104.6 104.7 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 107.4 104.7 106.7 106.1 108.6 106.2 105.9 108.0 107.4 107.2 Transportation equipment............ 125.4 118.1 124.1 124.1 127.2 123.4 125.0 127.1 126.0 125.0 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 160.0 154.3 166.2 168.3 162.3 162.4 165.9 172.1 169.9 170.1 Instruments and related products.... 74.9 74.5 74.6 73.9 75.7 75.6 75.2 76.0 75.1 75.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 102.2 98.2 101.3 101.4 101.5 101.4 100.9 101.1 101.4 101.4 Nondurable goods..................... 104.8 99.7 101.5 101.3 102.7 101.1 100.5 100.9 99.9 99.5 Food and kindred products........... 125.7 120.0 123.0 123.1 117.7 118.5 117.9 119.1 116.1 116.1 Tobacco products.................... 61.3 50.3 50.2 52.8 57.9 55.3 56.2 59.0 49.3 49.2 Textile mill products............... 85.1 79.3 80.3 79.5 84.3 81.1 79.8 81.3 79.8 79.1 Apparel and other textile products.. 65.6 57.7 59.1 57.5 65.8 61.4 60.4 59.3 58.6 57.6 Paper and allied products........... 110.5 105.0 105.9 106.1 108.6 106.3 106.0 106.0 106.1 105.1 Printing and publishing............. 125.1 121.3 122.5 122.7 124.5 122.3 122.3 122.4 122.3 121.6 Chemicals and allied products....... 104.0 101.2 102.5 102.7 103.4 102.3 101.9 102.1 102.7 102.7 Petroleum and coal products......... 77.8 77.1 76.1 76.0 76.3 73.9 72.9 74.4 73.1 73.9 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 147.2 145.2 148.4 148.3 147.9 149.5 148.6 149.6 149.0 149.0 Leather and leather products........ 34.4 29.2 32.3 31.4 34.5 32.4 32.0 30.9 31.9 31.4 Service-producing....................... 158.7 166.4 167.8 162.4 158.8 161.9 162.7 163.2 163.7 162.6 Transportation and public utilities... 133.4 133.6 135.5 134.2 132.5 133.0 133.7 133.2 134.1 133.4 Wholesale trade....................... 129.1 133.4 134.6 132.1 129.3 131.5 132.0 132.3 132.8 132.1 Retail trade.......................... 141.1 149.0 149.1 142.1 140.2 143.3 143.6 144.4 143.7 141.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 136.1 142.6 144.7 139.1 137.5 138.8 139.4 141.2 140.7 140.1 Services.............................. 193.9 205.0 207.0 200.8 194.7 199.3 200.7 201.1 202.4 202.1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 63.8 58.0 54.6 56.5 47.5 54.8 55.6 59.1 57.9 56.9 55.2 57.7 1996.............. 49.6 64.9 59.4 55.1 61.9 60.8 57.0 62.5 57.3 63.5 59.7 61.2 1997.............. 56.2 61.0 61.9 62.8 58.8 56.3 60.7 61.0 59.4 65.4 63.6 62.1 1998.............. 63.8 57.9 58.8 60.5 55.9 57.9 58.0 55.8 54.6 52.9 59.1 58.6 1999.............. 54.4 58.3 52.1 58.8 51.5 57.0 57.6 p49.4 p52.5 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 63.8 62.9 58.0 53.5 53.9 52.7 59.3 61.0 59.4 58.6 57.3 55.3 1996.............. 62.6 62.5 63.3 63.1 63.1 64.3 64.3 62.2 64.6 64.2 66.2 63.2 1997.............. 63.8 63.6 67.7 67.3 62.6 61.7 61.4 66.2 67.3 69.9 70.8 71.2 1998.............. 66.7 66.2 64.5 63.9 61.4 58.7 60.0 58.4 57.6 57.6 59.0 60.4 1999.............. 60.7 55.9 59.6 54.6 56.3 56.2 p57.2 p55.6 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 66.7 59.7 58.6 56.5 59.0 60.0 57.7 61.0 60.5 59.3 61.7 63.2 1996.............. 62.6 65.2 64.5 65.2 64.7 64.6 67.0 65.4 65.9 66.7 66.9 66.7 1997.............. 67.4 68.3 65.6 67.0 65.6 64.9 66.3 68.4 69.7 71.3 71.3 71.9 1998.............. 70.6 66.9 65.9 62.4 62.6 61.1 58.0 59.8 60.0 60.8 60.8 58.0 1999.............. 61.1 58.8 57.3 59.0 p55.6 p54.8 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 63.6 62.4 62.6 63.3 61.7 61.9 58.7 62.2 62.2 61.5 63.5 65.4 1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9 1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 69.7 69.8 71.3 1998.............. 70.4 68.3 67.1 64.0 62.1 61.7 61.8 63.8 59.8 59.0 59.3 58.6 1999.............. 60.1 p58.0 p57.3 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 57.2 50.4 47.1 52.9 41.4 45.3 45.0 51.1 48.6 51.1 45.3 48.2 1996.............. 42.4 55.4 46.8 41.0 55.8 51.4 47.1 56.5 48.9 55.0 50.7 54.0 1997.............. 50.0 52.9 53.6 56.1 52.2 53.2 51.1 55.4 53.6 62.2 61.2 55.4 1998.............. 58.6 51.8 50.4 50.4 40.6 46.8 40.3 45.3 42.1 36.3 39.9 45.0 1999.............. 40.3 42.4 39.6 44.6 36.3 45.3 57.2 p39.9 p42.4 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 55.4 51.4 44.2 41.7 43.5 37.4 42.1 43.9 48.2 46.8 44.6 41.4 1996.............. 46.8 46.0 43.5 46.0 48.2 51.1 51.8 49.6 53.2 52.5 55.0 50.7 1997.............. 51.8 51.4 57.6 56.8 54.3 51.8 53.6 55.4 59.7 68.3 65.8 64.4 1998.............. 59.4 57.9 51.8 44.2 41.7 34.9 37.4 37.1 38.1 34.2 35.6 35.3 1999.............. 37.4 31.7 37.1 30.2 33.8 43.9 p45.7 p45.7 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 55.4 45.7 43.2 38.1 41.7 42.8 41.0 42.1 43.5 43.2 44.2 45.0 1996.............. 41.4 46.0 45.7 47.1 46.0 48.6 52.9 50.4 51.8 51.4 52.5 51.8 1997.............. 54.7 54.0 51.4 54.3 52.5 52.2 55.4 61.2 61.5 64.7 66.2 65.1 1998.............. 59.7 49.3 48.2 36.7 36.7 36.7 28.4 31.3 33.5 35.3 32.7 28.1 1999.............. 33.1 29.1 28.1 36.0 p32.4 p33.5 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 46.0 44.2 46.0 47.8 41.0 41.7 38.5 38.8 36.3 38.5 39.9 44.6 1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7 1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.5 55.4 57.2 1998.............. 54.0 49.3 46.0 40.6 35.6 33.8 30.9 32.0 26.6 26.6 25.5 26.3 1999.............. 32.7 p27.0 p27.0 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.