Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov:80/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 96-500 Household data: (202) 606-6378 606-6373 Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until Establishment data: 606-6555 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, December 6, 1996. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: NOVEMBER 1996 Nonfarm payroll employment increased in November, and the unemployment rate edged up to 5.4 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Payroll employment rose by 118,000, with modest but widespread gains occurring throughout the private sector. Average hourly earnings rose by 9 cents over the month, following a decline of 1 cent in October. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) About 7.2 million persons were unemployed in November, 273,000 more than in the previous month. The increase was concentrated among those unemployed for fewer than 5 weeks. The unemployment rate was 5.4 percent in November, up slightly from 5.2 percent in October. The rate for whites edged up to 4.6 percent, while rates were essentially unchanged for blacks (10.6 percent) and Hispanics (8.3 percent), as well as for adult men (4.5 percent), adult women (4.8 percent), and teenagers (17.0 percent). (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-5.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment was 127.6 million in November, little different from the previous month. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population 16 years and over that is employed--was essentially unchanged in November at 63.3 percent, but was 0.6 percentage point higher than a year earlier. The civilian labor force stood at 134.8 million in November, and has grown by 2.3 million over the past year. (See table A-1.) In November, 3.9 million persons worked part time for economic reasons, 361,000 fewer than in October. These are workers who prefer full-time work but are unable to find it, or whose schedules have been reduced to part time. (See table A-3.) About 8.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in November. These multiple jobholders comprised 6.6 percent of the total employed, compared with 6.1 percent a year earlier. (See table A-9.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________|Oct.- Category | 1996 | 1996 |Nov. |_________________|__________________________|change | II | III | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 133,647| 134,135| 134,340| 134,574| 134,818| 244 Employment..........| 126,389| 127,102| 127,368| 127,627| 127,597| -30 Unemployment........| 7,258| 7,033| 6,971| 6,948| 7,221| 273 Not in labor force....| 66,633| 66,715| 66,721| 66,699| 66,645| -54 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 5.4| 5.2| 5.2| 5.2| 5.4| 0.2 Adult men...........| 4.7| 4.5| 4.5| 4.3| 4.5| .2 Adult women.........| 4.8| 4.7| 4.5| 4.7| 4.8| .1 Teenagers...........| 16.3| 16.4| 15.6| 16.1| 17.0| .9 White...............| 4.7| 4.5| 4.5| 4.4| 4.6| .2 Black...............| 10.3| 10.5| 10.5| 10.8| 10.6| -.2 Hispanic origin.....| 9.2| 8.7| 8.2| 8.0| 8.3| .3 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 119,264| 119,958| 120,050|p120,274|p120,392| p118 Goods-producing 1/..| 24,249| 24,273| 24,257| p24,277| p24,299| p22 Construction......| 5,379| 5,438| 5,449| p5,461| p5,475| p14 Manufacturing.....| 18,295| 18,266| 18,241| p18,250| p18,259| p9 Service-producing 1/| 95,015| 95,685| 95,793| p95,997| p96,093| p96 Retail trade......| 21,489| 21,682| 21,702| p21,795| p21,812| p17 Services..........| 34,260| 34,529| 34,607| p34,695| p34,765| p70 Government........| 19,433| 19,536| 19,519| p19,511| p19,489| p-22 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.4| 34.4| 34.7| p34.3| p34.5| p0.2 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| 41.7| 41.7| p41.7| p41.7| p.0 Overtime..........| 4.6| 4.5| 4.5| p4.4| p4.5| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $11.76| $11.86| $11.91| p$11.90| p$11.99| p$0.09 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 404.67| 408.50| 413.28| p408.17| p413.66| p5.49 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in November--that is, they wanted and were available for work but had stopped looking for jobs sometime in the prior 12 months. Of this total, 346,000 were discouraged workers--persons who were not looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-9.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 118,000 in November to 120.4 million, after seasonal adjustment. This gain was in line with the average increase over the prior 2 months, but it was only about half of the average monthly increase that had occurred this year through August. (See table B-1.) Employment in the services industry rose by 70,000 in November, continuing its pattern of slower growth that began in June. Employment declined by 32,000 in help supply services in November, following 2 months of little change. Motion pictures lost 12,000 jobs. In contrast, health services added 32,000 jobs, with hospitals showing strong increases in 2 of the past 3 months. Employment in private education rose by 14,000 in November, about the same magnitude as in the prior month. The long-term growth pattern continued in computer and data processing services and in engineering and management services in November. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose by 16,000 over the month. Within finance, job growth continued in commercial banks, security brokerages, and mortgage brokerages. The insurance industry has added 10,000 jobs over the past 3 months, after showing some weakness during the summer. Real estate employment continued to expand in November. Following a substantial rise in October, retail trade employment rose modestly in November (17,000). The November increase was held down by declines (after seasonal adjustment) in department stores and apparel and accessory stores; job gains in these industries had been larger than usual in October. Employment rose in most other types of retail establishments. Wholesale trade employment was little changed in November, following substantial gains in the prior 3 months. Manufacturing employment, which had been on a downward trend since March 1995, has risen by 9,000 in each of the past 2 months. In November, a gain of 10,000 occurred in food and kindred products, after seasonal adjustment, but this increase reflected fewer seasonal layoffs this fall, following lighter-than-usual summer hiring. Aircraft continued to add workers. In contrast, motor vehicles has lost 22,000 jobs over the past 3 months; the small November decline reflected plant shutdowns for retooling and parts shortages. Employment in the apparel industry continued to decline and has fallen by 149,000, or 15 percent, over the past 2 years. Construction employment rose by 14,000 in November, continuing its recent pattern of slow but steady growth. November job growth was held down by unseasonably cold weather across much of the country. - 4 - Employment in transportation increased by 8,000 over the month. Job gains in air transportation, transportation services, and local transit were partially offset by a decline in trucking and warehousing, in which employment has fallen by 20,000 since June. Government employment declined by 22,000 in November, with small losses at all levels of government. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour in November to 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted, recouping half of October’s decline. The manufacturing workweek was 41.7 hours for the fourth consecutive month. Factory overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 4.5 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.4 percent, seasonally adjusted, to 137.6 (1982=100) in November. The manufacturing index was about unchanged at 106.0. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls rose 9 cents in November to $11.99, seasonally adjusted, following a decline of 1 cent in the prior month. Average weekly earnings increased by 1.3 percent in November to $413.66. Over the past year, average hourly earnings rose by 40 cents, or 3.5 percent, and average weekly earnings rose by $14.96, or 3.8 percent. (See table B-3.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | In accordance with usual practice, the release of December data | |will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted unemployment | |and other labor force series. Seasonally adjusted data for the most | |recent 3 years are subject to revision. | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- _________________________ The Employment Situation for December 1996 is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 10, 1997, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). Release dates for the balance of 1997 are as follows: Feb. 7 May 2 Aug. 1 Nov. 7 March 7 June 6 Sept. 5 Dec. 5 April 4 July 3 Oct. 3 - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1996, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing over 47 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from zero to 0.6 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $13.00 per issue or $35.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1- H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606- 5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population............ 199,355 201,273 201,463 199,355 200,641 200,847 201,060 201,273 201,463 Civilian labor force.......................... 132,622 135,015 134,973 132,471 134,181 133,885 134,340 134,574 134,818 Participation rate...................... 66.5 67.1 67.0 66.4 66.9 66.7 66.8 66.9 66.9 Employed.................................... 125,599 128,439 128,157 125,062 126,884 127,055 127,368 127,627 127,597 Employment-population ratio............. 63.0 63.8 63.6 62.7 63.2 63.3 63.3 63.4 63.3 Agriculture............................... 3,242 3,515 3,253 3,323 3,502 3,421 3,535 3,457 3,355 Nonagricultural industries................ 122,357 124,924 124,904 121,739 123,382 123,635 123,833 124,169 124,242 Unemployed.................................. 7,024 6,577 6,816 7,409 7,297 6,830 6,971 6,948 7,221 Unemployment rate....................... 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4 Not in labor force............................ 66,733 66,258 66,489 66,884 66,460 66,962 66,721 66,699 66,645 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 95,580 96,556 96,654 95,580 96,230 96,335 96,447 96,556 96,654 Civilian labor force.......................... 71,015 72,436 72,119 71,208 72,375 71,973 72,102 72,375 72,362 Participation rate...................... 74.3 75.0 74.6 74.5 75.2 74.7 74.8 75.0 74.9 Employed.................................... 67,219 69,099 68,565 67,177 68,400 68,442 68,319 68,669 68,574 Employment-population ratio............. 70.3 71.6 70.9 70.3 71.1 71.0 70.8 71.1 70.9 Unemployed.................................. 3,796 3,337 3,555 4,031 3,975 3,531 3,783 3,706 3,788 Unemployment rate....................... 5.3 4.6 4.9 5.7 5.5 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.2 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 88,046 88,840 88,971 88,046 88,614 88,650 88,733 88,840 88,971 Civilian labor force.......................... 67,203 68,495 68,375 67,171 68,274 68,114 68,072 68,247 68,397 Participation rate...................... 76.3 77.1 76.9 76.3 77.0 76.8 76.7 76.8 76.9 Employed.................................... 64,103 65,854 65,502 63,901 65,094 65,286 64,978 65,293 65,353 Employment-population ratio............. 72.8 74.1 73.6 72.6 73.5 73.6 73.2 73.5 73.5 Agriculture............................... 2,243 2,478 2,324 2,259 2,381 2,352 2,377 2,419 2,364 Nonagricultural industries................ 61,860 63,376 63,178 61,642 62,713 62,933 62,601 62,873 62,989 Unemployed.................................. 3,100 2,641 2,874 3,270 3,179 2,829 3,094 2,954 3,044 Unemployment rate....................... 4.6 3.9 4.2 4.9 4.7 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 103,775 104,717 104,809 103,775 104,411 104,512 104,614 104,717 104,809 Civilian labor force.......................... 61,608 62,579 62,854 61,263 61,806 61,912 62,238 62,199 62,456 Participation rate...................... 59.4 59.8 60.0 59.0 59.2 59.2 59.5 59.4 59.6 Employed.................................... 58,380 59,340 59,593 57,885 58,484 58,613 59,049 58,958 59,023 Employment-population ratio............. 56.3 56.7 56.9 55.8 56.0 56.1 56.4 56.3 56.3 Unemployed.................................. 3,228 3,240 3,261 3,378 3,322 3,299 3,189 3,242 3,433 Unemployment rate....................... 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 96,555 97,290 97,366 96,555 97,064 97,146 97,226 97,290 97,366 Civilian labor force.......................... 58,026 58,902 59,100 57,502 58,102 58,225 58,356 58,372 58,534 Participation rate...................... 60.1 60.5 60.7 59.6 59.9 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.1 Employed.................................... 55,374 56,179 56,395 54,752 55,266 55,522 55,711 55,657 55,701 Employment-population ratio............. 57.3 57.7 57.9 56.7 56.9 57.2 57.3 57.2 57.2 Agriculture............................... 790 823 760 806 863 829 881 794 781 Nonagricultural industries................ 54,584 55,356 55,635 53,946 54,403 54,693 54,831 54,862 54,921 Unemployed.................................. 2,652 2,723 2,705 2,750 2,837 2,704 2,645 2,715 2,833 Unemployment rate....................... 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population........... 14,754 15,143 15,126 14,754 14,963 15,051 15,101 15,143 15,126 Civilian labor force.......................... 7,393 7,618 7,498 7,798 7,805 7,545 7,911 7,956 7,887 Participation rate...................... 50.1 50.3 49.6 52.9 52.2 50.1 52.4 52.5 52.1 Employed.................................... 6,121 6,406 6,261 6,409 6,524 6,248 6,679 6,677 6,543 Employment-population ratio............. 41.5 42.3 41.4 43.4 43.6 41.5 44.2 44.1 43.3 Agriculture............................... 209 214 169 258 258 240 278 244 210 Nonagricultural industries................ 5,913 6,192 6,092 6,151 6,266 6,008 6,401 6,434 6,333 Unemployed.................................. 1,272 1,212 1,237 1,389 1,280 1,297 1,232 1,278 1,344 Unemployment rate....................... 17.2 15.9 16.5 17.8 16.4 17.2 15.6 16.1 17.0 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population............ 167,441 168,788 168,924 167,441 168,345 168,489 168,639 168,788 168,924 Civilian labor force.......................... 112,089 113,830 113,881 112,023 113,076 112,832 113,316 113,616 113,867 Participation rate........................ 66.9 67.4 67.4 66.9 67.2 67.0 67.2 67.3 67.4 Employed.................................... 106,828 109,162 108,900 106,451 107,772 107,828 108,256 108,603 108,587 Employment-population ratio............... 63.8 64.7 64.5 63.6 64.0 64.0 64.2 64.3 64.3 Unemployed.................................. 5,261 4,668 4,981 5,572 5,304 5,004 5,060 5,013 5,280 Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.1 4.4 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... 57,739 58,687 58,546 57,679 58,456 58,354 58,303 58,558 58,519 Participation rate........................ 76.9 77.6 77.3 76.8 77.5 77.3 77.1 77.4 77.3 Employed.................................... 55,361 56,738 56,410 55,150 56,079 56,174 56,008 56,344 56,241 Employment-population ratio............... 73.7 75.0 74.5 73.4 74.3 74.4 74.1 74.5 74.3 Unemployed.................................. 2,378 1,949 2,136 2,529 2,376 2,179 2,295 2,215 2,278 Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 3.3 3.6 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... 48,196 48,734 48,981 47,832 47,981 48,124 48,286 48,337 48,609 Participation rate........................ 59.7 60.0 60.3 59.2 59.2 59.3 59.5 59.5 59.8 Employed.................................... 46,250 46,847 47,029 45,796 46,009 46,217 46,406 46,429 46,564 Employment-population ratio............... 57.3 57.7 57.9 56.7 56.8 57.0 57.2 57.2 57.3 Unemployed.................................. 1,946 1,886 1,952 2,036 1,972 1,907 1,881 1,907 2,046 Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force.......................... 6,154 6,409 6,354 6,512 6,639 6,354 6,726 6,721 6,739 Participation rate........................ 53.2 53.6 53.0 56.3 56.0 53.5 56.4 56.2 56.2 Employed.................................... 5,217 5,576 5,461 5,505 5,684 5,437 5,842 5,830 5,782 Employment-population ratio............... 45.1 46.7 45.6 47.6 48.0 45.7 49.0 48.8 48.3 Unemployed.................................. 937 833 893 1,007 955 917 885 891 957 Unemployment rate......................... 15.2 13.0 14.0 15.5 14.4 14.4 13.2 13.3 14.2 Men..................................... 16.3 14.9 15.6 16.4 16.6 15.6 14.5 15.4 15.6 Women................................... 14.1 10.9 12.4 14.5 12.0 13.2 11.8 11.0 12.7 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population............ 23,389 23,728 23,762 23,389 23,611 23,650 23,690 23,728 23,762 Civilian labor force.......................... 15,022 15,370 15,298 15,006 15,279 15,361 15,167 15,291 15,260 Participation rate........................ 64.2 64.8 64.4 64.2 64.7 65.0 64.0 64.4 64.2 Employed.................................... 13,660 13,796 13,772 13,558 13,671 13,750 13,569 13,644 13,644 Employment-population ratio............... 58.4 58.1 58.0 58.0 57.9 58.1 57.3 57.5 57.4 Unemployed.................................. 1,363 1,574 1,526 1,448 1,609 1,611 1,597 1,647 1,617 Unemployment rate......................... 9.1 10.2 10.0 9.6 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.8 10.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... 6,656 6,888 6,916 6,664 6,867 6,890 6,849 6,843 6,931 Participation rate........................ 71.7 72.9 72.9 71.8 72.9 73.2 72.7 72.4 73.1 Employed.................................... 6,118 6,294 6,294 6,108 6,233 6,326 6,177 6,189 6,281 Employment-population ratio............... 66.0 66.6 66.3 65.8 66.2 67.2 65.6 65.5 66.2 Unemployed.................................. 537 594 622 556 634 564 672 654 650 Unemployment rate......................... 8.1 8.6 9.0 8.3 9.2 8.2 9.8 9.6 9.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... 7,423 7,578 7,537 7,366 7,504 7,511 7,417 7,491 7,459 Participation rate........................ 63.2 63.8 63.4 62.7 63.4 63.4 62.5 63.0 62.7 Employed.................................... 6,871 6,905 6,910 6,789 6,830 6,824 6,794 6,830 6,808 Employment-population ratio............... 58.5 58.1 58.1 57.8 57.7 57.6 57.3 57.5 57.2 Unemployed.................................. 552 673 627 577 674 687 623 661 651 Unemployment rate......................... 7.4 8.9 8.3 7.8 9.0 9.1 8.4 8.8 8.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force.......................... 944 904 845 976 908 960 901 957 871 Participation rate........................ 39.9 37.6 35.5 41.2 38.5 40.2 37.5 39.9 36.6 Employed.................................... 671 597 569 661 607 599 598 625 555 Employment-population ratio............... 28.3 24.9 23.9 27.9 25.8 25.1 24.9 26.1 23.3 Unemployed.................................. 273 306 276 315 301 361 303 331 316 Unemployment rate......................... 28.9 33.9 32.7 32.3 33.1 37.6 33.6 34.6 36.3 Men..................................... 28.4 35.1 37.5 33.7 43.3 38.6 36.6 37.1 43.4 Women................................... 29.5 32.7 28.3 30.8 20.9 36.5 30.7 32.1 29.7 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population............ 18,845 19,398 19,454 18,845 19,238 19,292 19,346 19,398 19,454 Civilian labor force.......................... 12,369 13,109 13,248 12,374 12,641 12,877 12,822 12,986 13,271 Participation rate........................ 65.6 67.6 68.1 65.7 65.7 66.7 66.3 66.9 68.2 Employed.................................... 11,246 12,097 12,183 11,227 11,500 11,750 11,766 11,942 12,171 Employment-population ratio............... 59.7 62.4 62.6 59.6 59.8 60.9 60.8 61.6 62.6 Unemployed.................................. 1,123 1,012 1,065 1,147 1,141 1,127 1,057 1,044 1,100 Unemployment rate......................... 9.1 7.7 8.0 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.2 8.0 8.3 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over............... 125,599 128,439 128,157 125,062 126,884 127,055 127,368 127,627 127,597 Married men, spouse present................... 42,133 42,964 42,681 42,081 42,478 42,622 42,265 42,623 42,638 Married women, spouse present................. 32,562 32,800 32,867 32,153 32,713 32,732 32,765 32,507 32,445 Women who maintain families................... 7,317 7,412 7,498 7,274 7,230 7,291 7,443 7,390 7,461 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty......... 35,986 37,212 37,509 35,730 36,361 36,520 36,741 36,911 37,253 Technical, sales, and administrative support.. 37,484 38,004 37,962 37,291 37,795 37,858 37,801 38,004 37,773 Service occupations........................... 16,757 17,208 17,298 16,947 17,418 17,397 17,533 17,242 17,437 Precision production, craft, and repair....... 13,526 13,779 13,644 13,344 13,439 13,701 13,717 13,602 13,536 Operators, fabricators, and laborers.......... 18,395 18,552 18,476 18,213 18,392 18,075 18,047 18,250 18,243 Farming, forestry, and fishing................ 3,452 3,684 3,268 3,590 3,594 3,500 3,576 3,619 3,405 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers..................... 1,715 1,849 1,757 1,750 1,863 1,802 1,833 1,793 1,835 Self-employed workers....................... 1,494 1,597 1,435 1,514 1,564 1,528 1,597 1,585 1,460 Unpaid family workers....................... 33 69 61 34 52 65 97 75 67 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers..................... 113,374 115,748 115,737 112,722 114,294 114,634 114,908 115,120 115,134 Government................................ 18,441 18,270 18,456 18,288 18,294 18,286 18,088 18,107 18,273 Private industries........................ 94,933 97,478 97,282 94,434 96,000 96,348 96,820 97,012 96,861 Private households...................... 953 1,017 953 980 935 1,009 1,006 1,023 959 Other industries........................ 93,980 96,462 96,329 93,454 95,065 95,339 95,814 95,989 95,902 Self-employed workers....................... 8,884 9,035 9,035 8,853 8,998 8,876 8,763 8,928 9,026 Unpaid family workers....................... 99 140 132 105 130 121 127 137 138 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons.............. 4,335 3,973 3,860 4,435 4,366 4,354 4,309 4,300 3,939 Slack work or business conditions......... 2,489 2,053 2,052 2,526 2,589 2,477 2,426 2,217 2,062 Could only find part-time work............ 1,591 1,602 1,499 1,648 1,494 1,610 1,616 1,746 1,541 Part time for noneconomic reasons........... 18,698 18,636 19,398 17,452 17,814 18,229 17,710 17,631 18,163 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons.............. 4,165 3,803 3,700 4,283 4,159 4,205 4,128 4,125 3,775 Slack work or business conditions......... 2,382 1,949 1,959 2,419 2,457 2,350 2,318 2,112 1,965 Could only find part-time work............ 1,574 1,575 1,480 1,622 1,479 1,600 1,574 1,732 1,513 Part time for noneconomic reasons........... 18,113 17,995 18,751 16,852 17,157 17,613 17,036 17,008 17,492 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over....................... 7,409 6,948 7,221 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4 Men, 20 years and over....................... 3,270 2,954 3,044 4.9 4.7 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5 Women, 20 years and over..................... 2,750 2,715 2,833 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years................... 1,389 1,278 1,344 17.8 16.4 17.2 15.6 16.1 17.0 Married men, spouse present.................. 1,414 1,322 1,339 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 Married women, spouse present................ 1,271 1,187 1,243 3.8 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 Women who maintain families.................. 606 685 722 7.7 9.1 8.8 8.3 8.5 8.8 Full-time workers............................ 5,977 5,664 5,840 5.5 5.3 4.9 5.1 5.1 5.3 Part-time workers............................ 1,452 1,341 1,388 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.7 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty........ 930 797 860 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.3 Technical, sales, and administrative support. 1,622 1,796 1,825 4.2 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 Precision production, craft, and repair...... 921 812 872 6.5 5.5 5.2 5.5 5.6 6.1 Operators, fabricators, and laborers......... 1,656 1,527 1,526 8.3 7.7 7.8 7.3 7.7 7.7 Farming, forestry, and fishing............... 305 256 291 7.8 6.3 5.8 7.0 6.6 7.9 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers...................................... 5,773 5,459 5,622 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.5 Goods-producing industries................. 1,878 1,643 1,719 6.7 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.8 6.1 Mining................................... 42 36 26 7.0 2.8 4.4 5.1 6.1 4.4 Construction............................. 764 626 692 12.0 10.1 8.8 9.1 9.6 10.4 Manufacturing............................ 1,072 981 1,000 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.7 4.8 Durable goods.......................... 560 544 563 4.5 4.2 3.8 4.0 4.4 4.5 Nondurable goods....................... 512 436 437 5.8 5.3 6.0 4.6 5.1 5.1 Service-producing industries............... 3,895 3,817 3,903 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.3 Transportation and public utilities...... 292 323 245 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.5 3.4 Wholesale and retail trade............... 1,638 1,643 1,673 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.2 6.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate...... 217 210 207 3.0 2.8 2.4 3.2 2.8 2.8 Services................................. 1,748 1,640 1,777 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.3 4.9 5.3 Government workers........................... 550 540 525 2.9 3.2 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 Agricultural wage and salary workers......... 239 195 229 12.0 8.6 7.4 11.0 9.8 11.1 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks.............................. 2,629 2,291 2,721 2,767 2,701 2,486 2,446 2,487 2,855 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 2,247 2,174 2,109 2,383 2,322 2,129 2,245 2,269 2,236 15 weeks and over.............................. 2,147 2,112 1,986 2,305 2,319 2,248 2,279 2,306 2,149 15 to 26 weeks.............................. 969 982 907 1,057 958 978 1,054 1,076 1,004 27 weeks and over........................... 1,179 1,130 1,079 1,248 1,361 1,270 1,225 1,230 1,146 Average (mean) duration, in weeks.............. 16.3 16.7 15.8 16.3 16.8 17.4 17.0 16.7 15.9 Median duration, in weeks...................... 7.7 8.1 7.3 8.0 8.6 8.5 8.9 8.3 7.7 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................ 37.4 34.8 39.9 37.1 36.8 36.2 35.1 35.2 39.4 5 to 14 weeks................................ 32.0 33.1 30.9 32.0 31.6 31.0 32.2 32.1 30.9 15 weeks and over............................ 30.6 32.1 29.1 30.9 31.6 32.8 32.7 32.6 29.7 15 to 26 weeks............................. 13.8 14.9 13.3 14.2 13.1 14.3 15.1 15.2 13.9 27 weeks and over.......................... 16.8 17.2 15.8 16.7 18.5 18.5 17.6 17.4 15.8 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Reason Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs..... 3,355 2,757 3,126 3,485 3,343 3,054 3,225 3,098 3,266 On temporary layoff................................... 935 649 871 1,049 953 889 1,059 938 996 Not on temporary layoff............................... 2,419 2,108 2,255 2,436 2,391 2,165 2,167 2,160 2,270 Permanent job losers................................ 1,661 1,476 1,549 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs................ 758 632 706 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers............................................. 842 848 838 857 749 773 807 809 841 Reentrants.............................................. 2,349 2,468 2,370 2,504 2,529 2,448 2,404 2,483 2,532 New entrants............................................ 478 504 482 585 623 548 545 575 590 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed........................................ Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.... 47.8 41.9 45.9 46.9 46.1 44.8 46.2 44.5 45.2 On temporary layoff.................................. 13.3 9.9 12.8 14.1 13.1 13.0 15.2 13.5 13.8 Not on temporary layoff.............................. 34.4 32.1 33.1 32.8 33.0 31.7 31.0 31.0 31.4 Job leavers............................................ 12.0 12.9 12.3 11.5 10.3 11.3 11.6 11.6 11.6 Reentrants............................................. 33.4 37.5 34.8 33.7 34.9 35.9 34.4 35.6 35.0 New entrants........................................... 6.8 7.7 7.1 7.9 8.6 8.0 7.8 8.3 8.2 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.... 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 Job leavers............................................ .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 Reentrants............................................. 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 New entrants........................................... .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 1 Not available. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force....................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................................................... 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate).............. 5.3 4.9 5.0 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....................................... 5.6 5.1 5.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............... 6.4 5.9 6.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 9.6 8.8 8.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Nov. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 7,409 6,948 7,221 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.4 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,572 2,456 2,575 12.1 12.2 11.5 11.2 11.5 12.1 16 to 19 years................................ 1,389 1,278 1,344 17.8 16.4 17.2 15.6 16.1 17.0 16 to 17 years.............................. 646 600 534 20.1 19.4 19.1 17.2 17.8 16.4 18 to 19 years.............................. 739 698 814 16.1 14.1 16.0 14.5 15.1 17.5 20 to 24 years................................ 1,183 1,178 1,232 8.8 9.7 8.3 8.7 8.8 9.2 25 years and over............................... 4,848 4,508 4,639 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 25 to 54 years................................ 4,243 4,058 4,139 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 55 years and over............................. 590 497 475 3.7 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.0 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 4,031 3,706 3,788 5.7 5.5 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.2 16 to 24 years................................ 1,432 1,372 1,405 12.8 13.3 11.5 11.9 12.2 12.7 16 to 19 years.............................. 761 752 744 18.9 19.4 18.2 17.1 18.2 18.8 16 to 17 years............................ 355 337 295 21.7 24.2 22.0 18.6 19.4 18.2 18 to 19 years............................ 409 416 455 17.0 16.1 15.9 16.1 17.3 19.3 20 to 24 years.............................. 671 621 661 9.4 9.8 7.7 8.8 8.7 9.3 25 years and over............................. 2,622 2,347 2,403 4.4 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,281 2,104 2,110 4.4 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.0 55 years and over........................... 321 259 278 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.1 Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,378 3,242 3,433 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.5 16 to 24 years................................ 1,140 1,083 1,170 11.4 10.9 11.6 10.6 10.7 11.4 16 to 19 years.............................. 628 526 600 16.7 13.1 16.2 14.0 13.8 15.3 16 to 17 years............................ 291 263 239 18.5 14.4 16.3 15.7 16.2 14.7 18 to 19 years............................ 330 281 359 15.1 11.8 16.0 12.9 12.7 15.7 20 to 24 years.............................. 512 557 570 8.2 9.5 8.9 8.5 8.9 9.0 25 years and over............................. 2,226 2,161 2,236 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,962 1,954 2,029 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 55 years and over........................... 269 237 197 3.8 3.7 2.9 3.4 3.4 2.8 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. Nov. 1995 1996 1995 1996 1995 1996 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force.................................... 66,733 66,489 24,565 24,534 42,167 41,955 Persons who currently want a job.............................. 5,140 4,878 2,194 2,023 2,946 2,855 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............. 1,542 1,503 724 702 818 801 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................. 401 346 240 190 161 156 Reasons other than discouragement(3)............... 1,141 1,157 483 512 657 645 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4).................................... 7,617 8,494 4,045 4,453 3,572 4,041 Percent of total employed................................... 6.1 6.6 6.0 6.5 6.1 6.8 Primary job full time, secondary job part time.............. 4,350 4,648 2,567 2,749 1,783 1,899 Primary and secondary jobs both part time................... 1,726 1,851 561 537 1,165 1,314 Primary and secondary jobs both full time................... 217 258 144 190 73 68 Hours vary on primary or secondary job...................... 1,298 1,697 757 963 541 735 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996p 1996p 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996p 1996p Total......................... 118,915 120,531 121,203 121,483 117,899 119,772 120,052 120,050 120,274 120,392 Total private.................... 99,159 101,253 101,411 101,506 98,561 100,288 100,446 100,531 100,763 100,903 Goods-producing......................... 24,327 24,682 24,639 24,495 24,133 24,264 24,298 24,257 24,277 24,299 Mining................................ 575 573 572 570 569 570 570 567 566 565 Metal mining........................ 50.1 52.1 51.6 51.8 50 52 52 52 52 52 Coal mining......................... 103.9 98.5 97.7 96.8 103 100 99 98 98 96 Oil and gas extraction.............. 312.8 310.3 311.4 311.8 309 310 311 309 308 309 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 107.9 111.8 111.4 109.8 107 108 108 108 108 108 Construction.......................... 5,349 5,742 5,730 5,617 5,211 5,427 5,437 5,449 5,461 5,475 General building contractors........ 1,222.6 1,277.3 1,268.9 1,253.4 1,200 1,231 1,232 1,233 1,230 1,231 Heavy construction, except building. 784.5 846.7 839.3 795.3 751 769 770 765 763 762 Special trade contractors........... 3,342.0 3,618.2 3,621.7 3,567.8 3,260 3,427 3,435 3,451 3,468 3,482 Manufacturing......................... 18,403 18,367 18,337 18,308 18,353 18,267 18,291 18,241 18,250 18,259 Production workers................ 12,729 12,711 12,686 12,657 12,690 12,614 12,626 12,591 12,602 12,615 Durable goods........................ 10,655 10,713 10,713 10,721 10,628 10,680 10,711 10,675 10,682 10,692 Production workers................ 7,288 7,341 7,345 7,350 7,270 7,313 7,339 7,307 7,318 7,329 Lumber and wood products............ 763.9 778.3 777.4 773.4 762 764 769 766 769 770 Furniture and fixtures.............. 507.2 501.2 502.1 504.3 504 500 499 500 499 502 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 540.0 547.5 546.7 542.6 535 535 536 537 538 537 Primary metal industries............ 710.9 706.8 702.6 704.6 710 700 706 706 702 703 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 241.1 237.9 233.1 234.0 241 237 237 237 233 234 Fabricated metal products........... 1,444.7 1,459.2 1,463.2 1,464.7 1,441 1,454 1,456 1,456 1,459 1,460 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,076.2 2,077.8 2,079.9 2,084.0 2,079 2,088 2,089 2,082 2,087 2,087 Computer and office equipment..... 356.2 358.0 358.3 359.1 356 357 359 359 359 359 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,644.7 1,650.4 1,651.2 1,654.7 1,640 1,656 1,654 1,649 1,649 1,650 Electronic components and accessories.................... 600.1 611.9 610.3 609.9 600 616 615 613 611 610 Transportation equipment............ 1,741.2 1,772.4 1,766.7 1,770.9 1,737 1,766 1,784 1,764 1,762 1,768 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 961.0 961.9 948.4 945.3 958 950 967 955 947 945 Aircraft and parts................ 419.0 455.2 464.5 471.3 417 453 454 455 463 469 Instruments and related products.... 830.3 832.2 832.5 832.3 830 832 833 831 833 831 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 395.9 387.5 390.7 389.8 390 385 385 384 384 384 Nondurable goods..................... 7,748 7,654 7,624 7,587 7,725 7,587 7,580 7,566 7,568 7,567 Production workers................ 5,441 5,370 5,341 5,307 5,420 5,301 5,287 5,284 5,284 5,286 Food and kindred products........... 1,682.4 1,709.6 1,681.8 1,655.5 1,676 1,640 1,641 1,639 1,640 1,650 Tobacco products.................... 42.4 42.7 43.2 42.2 42 40 39 40 41 41 Textile mill products............... 654.8 633.0 633.6 631.6 652 637 633 631 633 629 Apparel and other textile products.. 897.7 844.5 839.7 830.0 891 849 837 835 833 825 Paper and allied products........... 685.9 676.5 674.1 676.4 686 672 673 674 674 676 Printing and publishing............. 1,542.9 1,521.7 1,526.3 1,531.0 1,537 1,527 1,527 1,527 1,528 1,525 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,027.8 1,017.9 1,016.7 1,015.4 1,030 1,019 1,021 1,017 1,017 1,018 Petroleum and coal products......... 140.7 140.7 140.1 138.4 140 139 139 139 138 138 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 970.2 972.5 974.3 973.3 969 968 976 971 971 973 Leather and leather products........ 103.3 94.8 94.4 93.4 102 96 94 93 93 92 Service-producing....................... 94,588 95,849 96,564 96,988 93,766 95,508 95,754 95,793 95,997 96,093 Transportation and public utilities... 6,285 6,385 6,384 6,398 6,233 6,333 6,342 6,337 6,337 6,349 Transportation...................... 4,014 4,094 4,100 4,113 3,964 4,051 4,056 4,052 4,057 4,065 Railroad transportation........... 236.7 232.1 232.4 232.4 236 229 230 230 231 231 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 449.9 471.1 476.3 477.1 433 458 463 458 457 460 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,912.7 1,900.4 1,900.5 1,902.4 1,878 1,888 1,882 1,877 1,876 1,871 Water transportation.............. 171.1 175.8 171.7 171.1 174 172 173 171 172 174 Transportation by air............. 808.7 854.8 857.6 865.6 808 848 850 855 859 864 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.4 13.9 13.7 13.8 14 14 14 14 14 14 Transportation services........... 420.6 445.4 447.9 450.4 421 442 444 447 448 451 Communications and public utilities. 2,271 2,291 2,284 2,285 2,269 2,282 2,286 2,285 2,280 2,284 Communications.................... 1,362.3 1,401.8 1,398.2 1,400.4 1,358 1,391 1,398 1,398 1,394 1,398 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 908.8 889.1 885.6 884.4 911 891 888 887 886 886 Wholesale trade....................... 6,491 6,634 6,652 6,650 6,478 6,585 6,603 6,619 6,634 6,637 Durable goods....................... 3,787 3,873 3,872 3,876 3,788 3,862 3,871 3,877 3,876 3,878 Nondurable goods.................... 2,704 2,761 2,780 2,774 2,690 2,723 2,732 2,742 2,758 2,759 Retail trade.......................... 21,633 21,806 21,828 22,158 21,300 21,671 21,672 21,702 21,795 21,812 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 872.2 937.2 936.5 932.2 878 922 923 930 935 938 General merchandise stores.......... 2,889.6 2,716.6 2,809.8 2,961.3 2,681 2,732 2,745 2,737 2,763 2,748 Department stores................. 2,543.6 2,401.9 2,485.9 2,612.3 2,349 2,413 2,422 2,415 2,440 2,423 Food stores......................... 3,423.0 3,440.2 3,456.6 3,481.8 3,395 3,435 3,442 3,440 3,453 3,449 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,208.2 2,313.0 2,309.9 2,309.5 2,212 2,285 2,291 2,297 2,304 2,313 New and used car dealers.......... 1,005.9 1,043.4 1,044.8 1,044.7 1,005 1,034 1,037 1,039 1,042 1,044 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,160.3 1,083.9 1,100.0 1,147.9 1,111 1,103 1,098 1,100 1,107 1,099 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 969.1 983.8 999.0 1,027.5 948 981 989 991 998 1,004 Eating and drinking places.......... 7,348.5 7,647.7 7,482.5 7,463.0 7,413 7,528 7,489 7,504 7,516 7,528 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,761.6 2,683.9 2,733.8 2,834.6 2,662 2,685 2,695 2,703 2,719 2,733 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 6,851 7,016 7,007 7,023 6,871 6,987 6,999 7,009 7,025 7,041 Finance............................. 3,252 3,337 3,338 3,355 3,256 3,329 3,339 3,341 3,351 3,359 Depository institutions........... 2,016.9 2,028.0 2,025.8 2,033.3 2,020 2,030 2,028 2,029 2,034 2,036 Commercial banks................ 1,462.2 1,472.8 1,470.9 1,477.8 1,465 1,472 1,471 1,474 1,476 1,480 Savings institutions............ 268.5 260.0 258.8 257.7 268 265 265 261 260 258 Nondepository institutions........ 477.5 520.6 521.4 527.2 478 514 519 522 524 528 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 212.3 234.9 234.2 236.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Security and commodity brokers.... 524.8 546.7 548.2 551.9 526 543 548 547 550 553 Holding and other investment offices........................ 232.8 242.1 242.2 242.2 232 242 244 243 243 242 Insurance........................... 2,244 2,261 2,261 2,265 2,249 2,261 2,259 2,265 2,265 2,269 Insurance carriers................ 1,542.2 1,551.0 1,550.1 1,551.7 1,546 1,553 1,551 1,554 1,554 1,555 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 701.7 709.5 710.4 713.0 703 708 708 711 711 714 Real estate......................... 1,355 1,418 1,408 1,403 1,366 1,397 1,401 1,403 1,409 1,413 Services2............................. 33,572 34,730 34,901 34,782 33,546 34,448 34,532 34,607 34,695 34,765 Agricultural services............... 580.3 651.5 645.8 622.7 584 619 619 617 622 627 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,588.1 1,736.9 1,689.4 1,625.8 1,648 1,690 1,684 1,686 1,689 1,688 Personal services................... 1,138.3 1,148.3 1,155.1 1,155.5 1,164 1,174 1,179 1,182 1,183 1,183 Business services................... 7,039.7 7,384.7 7,443.2 7,396.8 6,922 7,225 7,269 7,267 7,286 7,280 Services to buildings............. 889.4 893.4 892.9 889.6 888 893 893 891 894 888 Personnel supply services......... 2,611.5 2,805.8 2,834.2 2,767.4 2,518 2,668 2,696 2,691 2,695 2,667 Help supply services............ 2,311.9 2,494.7 2,519.5 2,448.9 2,226 2,368 2,393 2,387 2,389 2,357 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,125.2 1,224.7 1,236.0 1,254.2 1,125 1,206 1,218 1,226 1,239 1,253 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,036.5 1,111.0 1,116.4 1,120.6 1,039 1,096 1,105 1,108 1,116 1,123 Miscellaneous repair services....... 356.2 369.1 368.4 369.5 358 365 366 367 366 371 Motion pictures..................... 502.4 524.6 521.7 520.0 506 532 524 539 535 523 Amusement and recreation services... 1,321.8 1,586.5 1,485.1 1,379.5 1,471 1,514 1,515 1,522 1,534 1,533 Health services..................... 9,392.9 9,612.6 9,633.8 9,676.2 9,383 9,576 9,591 9,621 9,635 9,667 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,630.6 1,686.8 1,689.0 1,695.3 1,630 1,677 1,681 1,686 1,688 1,694 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,717.6 1,752.2 1,755.5 1,763.1 1,712 1,747 1,749 1,751 1,753 1,758 Hospitals......................... 3,809.1 3,857.1 3,861.7 3,875.5 3,810 3,849 3,849 3,863 3,865 3,877 Home health care services......... 648.5 661.8 663.1 667.4 645 656 658 661 663 665 Legal services...................... 921.1 926.3 933.9 941.5 924 933 935 934 938 944 Educational services................ 2,128.4 1,959.8 2,154.5 2,193.9 1,975 2,017 2,014 2,005 2,021 2,035 Social services..................... 2,368.2 2,393.7 2,418.2 2,428.5 2,355 2,390 2,392 2,410 2,414 2,418 Child day care services........... 582.1 576.3 590.5 590.4 568 568 577 575 577 574 Residential care.................. 645.5 668.1 669.5 673.0 646 669 672 672 673 674 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 79.6 86.3 86.7 84.7 82 85 85 85 85 87 Membership organizations............ 2,123.2 2,133.1 2,138.4 2,141.2 2,133 2,146 2,154 2,150 2,149 2,152 Engineering and management services. 2,802.5 2,911.9 2,917.7 2,931.8 2,810 2,893 2,906 2,921 2,929 2,941 Engineering and architectural services....................... 823.6 857.4 855.4 860.6 824 844 848 853 852 860 Management and public relations... 858.8 919.2 923.8 930.3 860 903 907 917 923 932 Services, nec....................... 45.6 46.9 45.8 46.2 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Government............................ 19,756 19,278 19,792 19,977 19,338 19,484 19,606 19,519 19,511 19,489 Federal............................. 2,783 2,739 2,721 2,714 2,796 2,752 2,739 2,739 2,736 2,728 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,932.3 1,890.4 1,871.6 1,862.4 1,946 1,897 1,888 1,883 1,883 1,877 State............................... 4,779 4,595 4,751 4,772 4,634 4,659 4,674 4,658 4,635 4,629 Education......................... 2,103.2 1,907.4 2,084.3 2,116.8 1,937 1,981 1,984 1,975 1,956 1,953 Other State government............ 2,675.9 2,687.9 2,666.4 2,655.5 2,697 2,678 2,690 2,683 2,679 2,676 Local............................... 12,194 11,944 12,320 12,491 11,908 12,073 12,193 12,122 12,140 12,132 Education......................... 6,990.7 6,613.8 7,046.0 7,155.9 6,641 6,768 6,862 6,787 6,797 6,796 Other local government............ 5,203.6 5,329.8 5,273.5 5,334.6 5,267 5,305 5,331 5,335 5,343 5,336 1 This series is not suitable for seasonal adjustment because it has very little seasonal and irregular movement. Thus, the not seasonally adjusted series can be used for analysis of cyclical and long-term trends. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996p 1996p 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996p 1996p Total private.................... 34.4 34.9 34.6 34.4 34.4 34.2 34.4 34.7 34.3 34.5 Goods-producing......................... 41.2 41.7 41.5 41.3 40.9 41.0 41.1 41.0 41.1 41.0 Mining................................ 44.8 46.0 45.9 45.1 44.2 44.9 44.8 45.4 45.4 44.4 Construction.......................... 38.6 39.7 39.9 38.7 38.8 38.7 38.7 38.6 38.8 38.8 Manufacturing......................... 41.9 42.3 41.9 42.1 41.5 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.7 Overtime hours.................... 4.6 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 Durable goods........................ 42.8 43.1 42.7 42.8 42.3 42.3 42.5 42.5 42.4 42.4 Overtime hours.................... 5.0 5.3 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 Lumber and wood products............ 40.7 41.6 41.5 41.1 40.7 41.1 40.9 40.9 41.0 41.1 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.2 40.4 40.2 40.5 39.6 39.7 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.9 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.2 44.3 44.0 43.2 42.9 43.2 43.2 43.2 43.3 42.9 Primary metal industries............ 44.3 44.8 44.5 44.7 43.9 44.0 44.5 44.5 44.5 44.3 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 44.6 44.6 44.7 45.5 44.2 44.3 44.2 44.4 44.9 45.1 Fabricated metal products........... 42.8 43.0 42.7 43.0 42.2 42.4 42.5 42.4 42.4 42.4 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 43.6 43.3 43.0 43.1 43.3 43.1 42.8 43.0 43.0 42.8 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 42.3 42.0 41.6 42.2 41.6 41.2 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.5 Transportation equipment............ 44.3 45.1 44.1 44.4 43.8 43.9 44.7 44.3 43.8 44.0 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.4 46.2 44.8 44.9 44.8 45.5 46.4 45.2 44.5 44.3 Instruments and related products.... 41.8 42.0 41.9 42.2 41.4 41.4 41.7 41.9 41.9 41.8 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.4 40.4 40.2 40.5 39.6 39.7 39.8 39.8 39.7 39.8 Nondurable goods..................... 40.8 41.3 40.9 41.1 40.3 40.5 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.7 Overtime hours.................... 4.2 4.7 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 Food and kindred products........... 41.4 42.2 41.7 41.9 40.8 40.8 40.6 41.0 41.2 41.3 Tobacco products.................... 40.7 42.0 41.2 41.4 40.1 39.4 39.8 40.3 39.9 40.8 Textile mill products............... 40.9 41.4 41.1 41.5 40.5 40.8 40.9 40.9 40.9 41.2 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.1 37.6 37.6 37.5 36.8 37.1 37.4 37.3 37.4 37.2 Paper and allied products........... 43.5 44.0 43.7 44.2 42.9 43.4 43.3 43.5 43.4 43.7 Printing and publishing............. 38.7 38.8 38.5 38.6 38.1 38.2 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.1 Chemicals and allied products....... 43.4 43.3 43.2 43.6 43.1 43.3 43.3 43.1 43.2 43.2 Petroleum and coal products......... 43.8 44.2 43.6 44.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.8 42.1 41.5 41.4 41.2 41.5 41.7 41.6 41.4 41.0 Leather and leather products........ 38.0 39.2 39.1 39.5 37.7 38.3 38.9 38.8 38.5 39.2 Service-producing....................... 32.6 33.0 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6 33.0 32.6 32.7 Transportation and public utilities... 39.5 40.3 39.9 39.9 39.6 39.4 39.7 40.1 39.7 39.9 Wholesale trade....................... 38.2 38.6 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.0 38.3 38.5 38.1 38.2 Retail trade.......................... 28.6 29.1 28.7 28.4 28.9 28.6 28.8 28.9 28.7 28.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.6 36.5 35.7 35.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.3 32.6 32.4 32.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996p 1996p 1995 1996 1996p 1996p Total private.................... $11.59 $11.96 $11.95 $12.00 $398.70 $417.40 $413.47 $412.80 Seasonally adjusted............. 11.59 11.91 11.90 11.99 398.70 413.28 408.17 413.66 Goods-producing......................... 13.18 13.66 13.62 13.62 543.02 569.62 565.23 562.51 Mining................................ 15.35 15.72 15.51 15.60 687.68 723.12 711.91 703.56 Construction.......................... 15.24 15.73 15.72 15.54 588.26 624.48 627.23 601.40 Manufacturing......................... 12.49 12.90 12.84 12.94 523.33 545.67 538.00 544.77 Durable goods........................ 13.03 13.51 13.42 13.50 557.68 582.28 573.03 577.80 Lumber and wood products............ 10.22 10.56 10.56 10.57 415.95 439.30 438.24 434.43 Furniture and fixtures.............. 9.94 10.27 10.29 10.29 399.59 414.91 413.66 416.75 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 12.56 12.99 12.91 12.97 542.59 575.46 568.04 560.30 Primary metal industries............ 14.73 15.19 15.08 15.24 652.54 680.51 671.06 681.23 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 17.55 18.15 17.89 18.15 782.73 809.49 799.68 825.83 Fabricated metal products........... 12.24 12.64 12.53 12.59 523.87 543.52 535.03 541.37 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 13.39 13.77 13.71 13.81 583.80 596.24 589.53 595.21 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 11.83 12.34 12.33 12.38 500.41 518.28 512.93 522.44 Transportation equipment............ 16.82 17.50 17.30 17.35 745.13 789.25 762.93 770.34 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 17.55 18.12 17.80 17.89 796.77 837.14 797.44 803.26 Instruments and related products.... 12.83 13.31 13.30 13.38 536.29 559.02 557.27 564.64 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10.16 10.49 10.50 10.56 410.46 423.80 422.10 427.68 Nondurable goods..................... 11.73 12.02 12.01 12.13 478.58 496.43 491.21 498.54 Food and kindred products........... 11.06 11.21 11.18 11.40 457.88 473.06 466.21 477.66 Tobacco products.................... 19.62 18.65 17.98 19.10 798.53 783.30 740.78 790.74 Textile mill products............... 9.53 9.77 9.72 9.77 389.78 404.48 399.49 405.46 Apparel and other textile products.. 7.77 7.99 8.02 8.02 288.27 300.42 301.55 300.75 Paper and allied products........... 14.38 14.74 14.75 14.84 625.53 648.56 644.58 655.93 Printing and publishing............. 12.40 12.82 12.82 12.81 479.88 497.42 493.57 494.47 Chemicals and allied products....... 15.90 16.29 16.32 16.56 690.06 705.36 705.02 722.02 Petroleum and coal products......... 19.45 19.33 19.21 19.45 851.91 854.39 837.56 855.80 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 11.01 11.30 11.27 11.32 460.22 475.73 467.71 468.65 Leather and leather products........ 8.23 8.70 8.73 8.85 312.74 341.04 341.34 349.58 Service-producing....................... 11.04 11.38 11.38 11.45 359.90 375.54 372.13 373.27 Transportation and public utilities... $14.46 $14.63 $14.55 $14.61 $571.17 $589.59 $580.55 $582.94 Wholesale trade....................... 12.53 13.00 12.90 13.02 478.65 501.80 494.07 497.36 Retail trade.......................... 7.78 8.06 8.11 8.12 222.51 234.55 232.76 230.61 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 12.49 12.90 12.85 12.96 444.64 470.85 458.75 462.67 Services.............................. 11.57 11.91 11.92 12.03 373.71 388.27 386.21 389.77 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Average hourly and weekly earnings for durable goods, industrial machinery and equipment, electronic and other electrical equipment, and transportation equipment from March 1995 forward may differ slightly from those previously published because of corrections to the estimates for some component industries. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. change Industry 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996p 1996p from: Oct. 1996- Nov. 1996 Total private: Current dollars.............. $11.59 $11.81 $11.87 $11.91 $11.90 $11.99 0.8 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.44 7.41 7.45 7.45 7.42 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 13.18 13.48 13.56 13.56 13.57 13.61 .3 Mining...................... 15.47 15.62 15.63 15.67 15.62 15.70 .5 Construction................ 15.20 15.46 15.49 15.53 15.54 15.50 -.3 Manufacturing............... 12.49 12.79 12.89 12.87 12.88 12.95 .5 Excluding overtime4....... 11.86 12.15 12.22 12.21 12.21 12.27 .5 Service-producing............. 11.03 11.25 11.30 11.36 11.34 11.45 1.0 Transportation and public utilities................ 14.42 14.52 14.61 14.58 14.51 14.58 .5 Wholesale trade............. 12.55 12.81 12.88 12.99 12.90 13.04 1.1 Retail trade................ 7.78 7.96 8.01 8.01 8.09 8.12 .4 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 12.52 12.77 12.85 12.92 12.83 13.00 1.3 Services.................... 11.54 11.78 11.82 11.89 11.88 12.00 1.0 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.4 percent from September 1996 to October 1996, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1995 1996 1996p 1996p 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996p 1996p Total private.................... 135.1 139.9 138.9 138.5 134.3 136.1 136.9 138.0 137.0 137.6 Goods-producing......................... 111.3 114.9 114.0 112.6 109.3 110.2 110.6 110.3 110.5 110.6 Mining................................ 54.0 56.3 56.2 55.0 52.5 54.2 54.3 54.7 54.7 53.4 Construction.......................... 146.2 162.6 162.9 153.8 141.9 147.8 148.0 147.9 148.9 149.3 Manufacturing......................... 107.6 108.5 107.2 107.5 106.1 105.8 106.3 105.9 105.9 106.0 Durable goods........................ 108.8 110.3 109.3 109.9 107.3 108.0 108.9 108.3 108.2 108.4 Lumber and wood products............ 135.0 141.3 140.8 138.4 134.5 136.7 136.9 136.2 137.2 138.0 Furniture and fixtures.............. 126.7 126.2 125.8 127.1 123.9 124.2 122.9 122.9 122.6 124.2 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 109.6 114.7 113.6 110.7 107.6 108.6 109.2 109.2 109.9 108.7 Primary metal industries............ 92.8 93.6 92.3 93.2 91.7 90.9 92.9 92.6 92.4 92.2 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 73.6 73.3 72.0 73.5 73.0 72.8 72.6 72.5 72.9 73.3 Fabricated metal products........... 115.5 117.4 116.8 117.6 113.3 115.0 115.8 115.3 115.5 115.6 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 104.6 103.3 102.5 103.3 104.0 103.4 102.8 102.7 103.0 102.7 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 110.4 109.1 108.5 110.2 108.2 107.8 108.7 108.0 107.6 108.0 Transportation equipment............ 118.6 125.0 121.8 123.0 117.5 121.4 125.0 122.3 121.0 122.0 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 165.1 168.9 161.6 161.4 161.1 165.1 172.9 164.5 160.7 159.3 Instruments and related products.... 73.7 74.0 74.2 74.6 73.1 72.6 73.5 74.0 74.0 73.8 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 106.6 104.2 104.5 105.0 102.9 101.3 101.1 101.1 100.9 101.1 Nondurable goods..................... 106.0 105.9 104.4 104.3 104.4 102.6 102.6 102.6 102.7 102.7 Food and kindred products........... 116.1 121.5 117.6 115.9 113.7 111.3 110.6 111.8 112.5 113.6 Tobacco products.................... 65.3 70.3 70.0 68.4 63.5 60.5 57.2 61.9 63.2 66.7 Textile mill products............... 93.9 92.4 91.8 92.4 92.7 91.2 91.1 90.9 91.3 91.4 Apparel and other textile products.. 80.5 76.5 75.9 74.8 79.3 76.0 75.3 74.9 74.6 73.7 Paper and allied products........... 110.1 110.6 109.7 111.2 108.8 107.7 107.9 108.8 108.8 109.7 Printing and publishing............. 126.5 124.2 123.2 124.5 124.0 123.0 123.6 123.0 123.0 122.2 Chemicals and allied products....... 102.7 99.9 99.2 99.7 102.0 100.0 99.8 99.2 99.2 99.0 Petroleum and coal products......... 74.9 77.5 76.4 75.8 73.6 75.8 75.8 75.1 73.4 74.8 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 143.0 143.9 142.2 141.9 140.9 141.2 142.8 142.1 141.2 140.2 Leather and leather products........ 47.0 44.1 43.8 43.8 46.3 43.5 43.0 42.9 42.6 42.8 Service-producing....................... 145.8 151.2 150.1 150.1 145.6 147.7 148.7 150.4 148.9 149.7 Transportation and public utilities... 127.7 132.7 131.3 131.5 126.7 128.3 129.4 130.8 129.4 130.1 Wholesale trade....................... 123.1 126.9 126.4 126.1 122.8 123.9 125.3 126.3 125.2 125.7 Retail trade.......................... 134.2 137.2 135.5 136.5 133.1 134.1 135.0 135.7 135.4 135.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 122.9 129.1 125.7 125.9 123.9 125.1 126.3 129.6 124.8 127.2 Services.............................. 172.6 180.0 179.8 179.1 172.8 176.4 177.5 179.8 178.0 179.3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1992.............. 43.7 43.7 50.0 57.3 55.5 50.1 52.2 49.0 52.1 56.3 53.2 57.4 1993.............. 60.0 60.8 51.3 58.6 61.7 55.2 57.7 57.0 61.8 59.7 61.8 59.6 1994.............. 58.8 62.1 66.0 64.2 60.3 63.5 61.5 62.1 60.8 61.5 63.1 63.9 1995.............. 63.2 59.3 54.9 54.6 51.4 55.1 54.1 57.4 51.8 54.8 56.3 59.4 1996.............. 52.4 63.2 60.0 52.4 62.2 57.4 55.8 57.3 52.7 p61.8 p56.9 Over 3-month span: 1992.............. 39.7 41.9 49.7 57.0 58.4 55.8 50.6 50.1 52.8 54.4 57.6 61.2 1993.............. 63.8 61.2 61.1 59.8 63.1 62.9 59.7 63.1 64.5 67.1 64.6 63.5 1994.............. 67.1 69.5 70.4 68.7 66.4 66.0 68.5 69.5 65.3 65.6 68.0 67.8 1995.............. 66.6 63.2 56.9 53.4 54.2 52.9 56.6 53.8 54.2 54.6 58.3 57.0 1996.............. 60.7 61.8 61.2 60.0 61.0 63.6 60.3 56.7 p60.3 p58.1 Over 6-month span: 1992.............. 43.3 46.8 47.5 52.5 54.9 56.7 53.8 52.2 55.5 57.6 63.9 61.9 1993.............. 63.3 65.2 63.8 64.2 62.4 65.9 65.7 63.9 66.3 67.3 70.6 69.5 1994.............. 70.8 71.6 69.0 69.8 69.5 69.5 69.2 69.0 69.2 68.5 69.1 66.6 1995.............. 66.3 60.8 58.7 54.4 53.5 54.1 53.1 56.3 55.9 54.1 56.2 61.8 1996.............. 60.3 62.9 63.8 63.8 62.6 59.0 p65.3 p63.2 Over 12-month span: 1992.............. 47.2 42.3 42.7 44.1 48.0 52.5 55.8 60.7 59.7 61.4 62.9 62.9 1993.............. 64.9 63.9 64.0 65.4 67.0 67.6 67.6 67.0 70.2 69.5 69.2 70.1 1994.............. 70.2 71.6 71.8 71.8 72.1 71.8 71.5 72.1 70.1 69.4 65.7 65.0 1995.............. 62.6 60.8 60.1 61.2 58.1 57.7 54.5 58.7 58.6 57.3 59.4 59.8 1996.............. 61.0 61.7 61.5 p61.1 p63.2 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1992.............. 37.4 39.9 43.9 56.8 50.0 48.9 52.2 44.6 47.5 47.8 51.4 54.7 1993.............. 52.5 56.5 50.7 45.7 54.0 45.7 49.3 49.3 59.4 53.2 53.6 55.0 1994.............. 56.5 60.1 59.7 58.6 53.2 57.9 57.6 53.6 55.8 54.7 57.2 59.4 1995.............. 56.8 55.0 46.0 45.3 39.2 40.3 45.0 45.0 42.4 45.3 46.4 47.5 1996.............. 42.1 48.2 48.2 39.6 53.2 49.6 43.9 50.0 44.6 p52.9 p50.7 Over 3-month span: 1992.............. 29.9 33.5 43.9 49.6 55.4 53.2 46.8 47.8 45.7 47.5 51.1 54.7 1993.............. 60.8 58.3 53.2 47.8 48.9 54.0 50.4 58.3 57.6 59.7 54.7 57.6 1994.............. 63.7 64.4 66.2 60.8 56.1 56.8 60.8 58.6 54.0 56.1 60.1 60.8 1995.............. 60.4 51.8 43.5 34.9 33.1 32.0 33.1 35.6 38.8 39.6 40.6 38.8 1996.............. 38.8 39.9 37.8 43.2 45.3 47.5 45.7 40.6 p50.0 p47.8 Over 6-month span: 1992.............. 32.4 34.9 39.9 46.8 52.2 54.3 48.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 56.8 56.5 1993.............. 56.5 59.0 56.8 55.4 50.7 57.9 59.4 56.5 57.6 58.6 64.4 60.8 1994.............. 62.2 64.4 60.4 61.5 59.0 56.8 56.5 57.2 60.1 55.8 59.7 55.8 1995.............. 55.4 45.0 38.5 33.5 27.7 28.8 28.8 30.6 33.5 33.1 34.2 38.8 1996.............. 32.0 37.4 37.1 38.1 42.4 37.8 p48.2 p46.0 Over 12-month span: 1992.............. 42.4 36.7 36.3 36.0 39.6 45.7 50.0 55.8 57.9 56.8 58.3 56.5 1993.............. 56.8 57.9 55.8 58.6 57.2 57.6 58.6 59.0 61.2 59.7 60.1 57.6 1994.............. 57.9 58.6 60.8 60.8 60.8 63.3 59.4 60.1 57.2 55.8 49.6 47.5 1995.............. 42.1 40.3 39.9 40.6 34.5 31.7 25.9 28.8 28.1 24.1 27.0 29.1 1996.............. 33.1 33.1 33.8 p35.6 p37.8 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.