Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 98-86 Employment (202) 606-6559 Unemployment 606-6392 Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Thursday, March 5, 1998 REGIONAL AND STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: JANUARY 1998 Regional and state unemployment rates showed little movement in January. Over the month, unemployment rates were virtually unchanged in all four regions, while 39 states and the District of Columbia recorded shifts of 0.3 percentage point or less, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The national jobless rate, 4.7 percent, was unchanged. Nonfarm payroll employment rose in 28 states and the District of Columbia. Regional Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) Among the regions, the Midwest reported the lowest rate, 3.7 percent in January, as it has for more than 6 years. Moreover, this region's current rate is the lowest in its series, as is the jobless rate in the South. (Virtually all regional and state series begin in 1978.) The West has had the highest jobless rate among the regions for the past 5 1/2 years; it was 5.2 percent in January. Compared with last January, the four regions experienced declines of 0.7-0.8 percentage point in their jobless rates. (See table 1.) Among the nine geographic divisions, the West North Central posted the lowest unemployment rate (3.0 percent), while the Pacific division reported the highest (5.7 percent). Five divisions--East North Central, East South Central, Mountain, South Atlantic, and West North Central--recorded the lowest jobless rates of their series. Over the month, unemployment rates were rather stable, with New England and the East South Central divisions reporting the largest shifts (-0.4 percentage point each). Compared with a year ago, unemployment rates were lower in all geographic divisions. The declines ranged from -0.5 to -1.0 percentage point, with the East South Central division reporting the largest decrease. State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) Overall, in January, 32 states reported rates below the U.S. average, while 17 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates. Nebraska and North Dakota registered the lowest unemployment rates, both 1.8 percent. The next lowest rates were recorded in Minnesota and New Hampshire (2.7 percent each), Iowa, South Dakota, and Utah (2.8 percent each), and Colorado (2.9 percent). Thirteen other states had rates below 4.0 percent. Eighteen states recorded the lowest unemployment rates of their series. Among the states, the highest jobless rates were in Alaska (6.2 percent), West Virginia and New Mexico (both 6.1 percent), and New York (6.0 percent). The jobless rate in the District of Columbia was 8.4 percent. (See table 3 and chart 1.) ------------------------------------------------------------------- | In order to expedite the release of state data beginning in 1998,| |this release replaces in part the State and Metropolitan Area | |Employment and Unemployment release. Data for metropolitan areas | |will be issued in a separate release about 2 weeks later. | ------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Unemployment rates decreased over the month in 37 states, although most of those declines were quite small. Jobless rates increased in eight states and the District of Columbia and were unchanged in five states. Alaska experienced the largest decline (-0.9 percentage point), followed by Connecticut and Tennessee (-0.7 point each) and Louisiana (-0.6 point). No state registered an increase greater than 0.3 percentage point. Compared with January 1997, unemployment rates declined in 49 states and rose in 1 state and the District of Columbia. The largest over-the-year improvements occurred in Alaska (-2.0 percentage points), Connecticut (-1.9 points), Arizona and South Carolina (-1.7 points each), and Wyoming (-1.6 points). Eleven other states had decreases of at least 1.0 percentage point, and 26 additional states reported declines of 0.5 point or more. The only notable increase occurred in the District of Columbia, where the rate rose by 0.6 percentage point. Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted) Nonfarm payroll employment rose in 28 states and the District of Columbia in January. The highest percentage increases were in Kentucky (1.1 percent), South Carolina (0.8 percent), and Arizona and New Hampshire (both 0.7 percent). The largest numerical increases occurred in California (20,800), Kentucky (18,400), Florida (14,300), and South Carolina (13,900). Montana and Vermont had the largest percent decreases (each -0.6 percent). (See table 5.) Over the year, nonfarm employment increased in 49 states. Arizona had the highest growth rate (5.3 percent), followed by Utah (4.2 percent) and California (4.0 percent). California had the most job growth (511,700), followed by Texas (319,100) and Florida (249,000). Hawaii (-1.0 percent) and the District of Columbia (-0.8 percent) had the only decreases in employment. (See chart 2.) __________________ The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for January 1998 is scheduled to be issued on March 18. The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment release for February 1998 is scheduled to be issued on March 20. -------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTE: This release introduces labor force data for census regions| |and divisions obtained by summing the component states (tables 1 | |and 2). Effective with this release, labor force estimates for all | |states have been revised to incorporate updated population controls,| |revised seasonal adjustment factors, reestimation of models, and | |benchmarking to CPS annual averages (tables 3 and 4). All nonfarm | |payroll employment estimates for states (tables 5 and 6) have been | |adjusted to March 1997 benchmark levels, and seasonally adjusted | |data for states have been revised for the most recent 5-year period.| -------------------------------------------------------------------- Technical Note This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census regions and divisions, states, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1-4). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and major industry from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 5 and 6). The LAUS and CES programs are both Federal-State cooperative endeavors. Labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census. The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed. Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor- management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. This method utilizes data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) data. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. Effective January 1998, estimates for census regions and divisions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the component states and then calculating the unemployment rate. Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for all states, the District of Columbia, and the two large sub-state areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual averages, usually effective with January estimates. The regional and state data will not sum to national totals obtained from the CPS, since the monthly state estimates are not based directly on the CPS. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of state (and Los Angeles- Long Beach and New York City) labor force levels are computed by aggregating independently seasonally adjusted employment and unemployment levels. Unemployment rates are then computed from these independently adjusted levels. Region and division levels are calculated as the sum of the levels of the component states. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are usually made at the beginning of each calendar year, usually coincident with January estimates. Employment--from the CES program Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month, except for federal government employment, which represents the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual. Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these ratios. Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonally adjusted payroll employment totals for states are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series for major industry divisions. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments. Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to national totals. Because each state series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual state level errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure. Reliability of the estimates The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than from data that may be displayed in the tables; differences, however, are generally insignificant. Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error, in the form of standard errors for state annual average estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Measures of nonsampling error for CPS data are not available, but additional information on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earnings. Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark revisions for states is available upon request. Additional information More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings, which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800), and from the BLS Handbook of Methods, Bulletin 2490, August 1997. Estimates of labor force and unemployment for over 270 metropolitan areas are available in the news release, Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of various federal economic assistance programs are provided in the report, Unemployment in States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in microfiche form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office for $41.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is 029-001-81003-2. These data also are available from the BLS Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Emloyment data from the CES program are available at http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1 Unemployed Civilian labor force Census region and Number Percent of labor force division Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1997 1997 1997 1998 Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1997 1997 1997 1998 1997 1997 1997 1998 Northeast........... 25,987.1 26,114.2 26,078.5 26,078.1 1,443.1 1,345.1 1,320.0 1,273.7 5.6 5.2 5.1 4.9 New England....... 7,075.0 7,137.9 7,132.8 7,128.3 326.0 298.5 292.7 266.3 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.7 Middle Atlantic... 18,912.1 18,976.3 18,945.7 18,949.8 1,117.1 1,046.5 1,027.3 1,007.4 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.3 South............... 46,829.3 47,600.5 47,694.8 47,806.1 2,413.0 2,212.8 2,171.5 2,113.5 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.4 South Atlantic.... 24,199.8 24,635.4 24,677.1 24,727.0 1,155.9 1,060.0 1,046.7 1,030.7 4.8 4.3 4.2 4.2 East South Central 8,018.7 8,135.3 8,145.8 8,147.0 444.3 409.7 397.5 367.8 5.5 5.0 4.9 4.5 West South Central 14,610.8 14,829.8 14,871.9 14,932.1 812.8 743.2 727.2 715.1 5.6 5.0 4.9 4.8 Midwest............. 32,811.9 33,170.2 33,246.3 33,347.6 1,427.6 1,292.6 1,286.6 1,238.2 4.4 3.9 3.9 3.7 East North Central 22,741.1 22,987.8 23,027.2 23,104.1 1,030.4 962.9 959.3 929.6 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.0 West North Central 10,070.8 10,182.3 10,219.1 10,243.5 397.3 329.7 327.4 308.6 3.9 3.2 3.2 3.0 West................ 29,627.2 30,323.8 30,425.5 30,467.6 1,782.3 1,610.2 1,606.5 1,570.8 6.0 5.3 5.3 5.2 Mountain.......... 8,294.9 8,550.2 8,599.7 8,632.4 398.5 349.0 349.7 335.2 4.8 4.1 4.1 3.9 Pacific........... 21,332.3 21,773.6 21,825.8 21,835.2 1,383.8 1,261.1 1,256.8 1,235.6 6.5 5.8 5.8 5.7 1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Data have been revised to incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls, revised inputs to the regression models, and new seasonal adjustment factors. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, not seasonally adjusted1 Unemployed Civilian labor force Number Percent of labor force Census region and division December January December January December January 1996 1997 1997 1998 1996 1997 1997 1998 1996 1997 1997 1998 Northeast............. 25,879.2 26,012.4 25,725.5 25,814.6 1,338.7 1,214.2 1,596.1 1,426.6 5.2 4.7 6.2 5.5 New England......... 7,033.4 7,101.0 7,001.4 7,052.8 302.1 267.4 377.8 317.7 4.3 3.8 5.4 4.5 Middle Atlantic..... 18,845.8 18,911.4 18,724.1 18,761.8 1,036.6 946.8 1,218.3 1,109.0 5.5 5.0 6.5 5.9 South................. 46,563.2 47,532.4 46,220.9 47,171.4 2,190.2 1,970.2 2,593.1 2,283.1 4.7 4.1 5.6 4.8 South Atlantic...... 24,030.3 24,568.7 23,838.6 24,355.3 1,077.7 960.4 1,216.7 1,089.0 4.5 3.9 5.1 4.5 East South Central.. 7,994.5 8,128.9 7,919.6 8,044.0 378.1 336.3 483.4 403.6 4.7 4.1 6.1 5.0 West South Central.. 14,538.4 14,834.8 14,462.7 14,772.1 734.4 673.6 893.0 790.6 5.1 4.5 6.2 5.4 Midwest............... 32,698.9 33,145.4 32,362.4 32,882.2 1,349.3 1,211.5 1,654.1 1,461.5 4.1 3.7 5.1 4.4 East North Central.. 22,670.5 22,980.0 22,414.3 22,768.0 970.5 904.0 1,183.6 1,084.2 4.3 3.9 5.3 4.8 West North Central.. 10,028.5 10,165.4 9,948.1 10,114.2 378.8 307.5 470.5 377.3 3.8 3.0 4.7 3.7 West.................. 29,474.5 30,316.6 29,405.4 30,241.4 1,713.7 1,508.3 1,962.1 1,748.8 5.8 5.0 6.7 5.8 Mountain............ 8,266.5 8,578.2 8,189.2 8,523.9 374.5 324.1 431.1 367.5 4.5 3.8 5.3 4.3 Pacific............. 21,208.0 21,738.5 21,216.3 21,717.5 1,339.2 1,184.1 1,531.0 1,381.3 6.3 5.4 7.2 6.4 1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. The composition of the regions and divisions is described in table 1. NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls and revised inputs to the regression models. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 3. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed Civilian labor force State and Area Number Percent of labor force Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1997 1997 1997 1998p 1997 1997 1997 1998p 1997 1997 1997 1998p Alabama................ 2,155.2 2,164.6 2,154.1 2,144.5 109.4 102.7 99.1 88.7 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.1 Alaska................. 314.9 317.4 318.5 317.6 25.7 23.1 22.6 19.8 8.2 7.3 7.1 6.2 Arizona................ 2,157.3 2,211.5 2,237.7 2,244.3 115.7 94.7 93.0 84.0 5.4 4.3 4.2 3.7 Arkansas............... 1,210.1 1,229.7 1,240.6 1,244.8 69.2 61.7 62.1 64.9 5.7 5.0 5.0 5.2 California............. 15,777.6 16,086.1 16,122.8 16,103.9 1,057.0 973.6 971.0 954.6 6.7 6.1 6.0 5.9 Los Angeles-Long Beach............. 4,438.3 4,536.1 4,567.3 4,560.2 329.8 298.9 300.8 272.9 7.4 6.6 6.6 6.0 Colorado............... 2,116.0 2,196.4 2,199.7 2,215.3 79.1 67.4 66.9 63.2 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.9 Connecticut............ 1,723.6 1,726.6 1,728.2 1,719.5 97.4 80.0 77.5 65.0 5.7 4.6 4.5 3.8 Delaware............... 378.8 383.9 387.0 387.9 18.5 12.7 13.0 13.3 4.9 3.3 3.4 3.4 District of Columbia... 261.1 255.6 255.7 258.5 20.3 20.8 20.8 21.7 7.8 8.1 8.1 8.4 Florida................ 7,016.8 7,221.2 7,253.6 7,257.9 343.9 337.0 337.7 330.7 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.6 Georgia................ 3,853.7 3,928.5 3,918.0 3,927.0 183.9 164.2 158.9 155.9 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.0 Hawaii................. 592.3 592.5 593.1 593.3 38.5 35.4 35.4 33.0 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.6 Idaho.................. 629.0 638.4 641.0 639.6 35.0 32.6 33.6 32.3 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.0 Illinois............... 6,118.7 6,156.7 6,162.1 6,186.9 304.5 294.8 295.1 301.1 5.0 4.8 4.8 4.9 Indiana................ 3,062.3 3,113.8 3,113.0 3,117.5 105.2 109.2 109.1 102.9 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 Iowa................... 1,585.0 1,573.9 1,581.7 1,589.8 58.0 45.3 46.0 44.4 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 Kansas................. 1,347.2 1,394.0 1,404.4 1,407.1 56.2 50.6 52.7 48.2 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.4 Kentucky............... 1,906.0 1,938.7 1,937.2 1,935.3 112.1 94.9 92.3 88.0 5.9 4.9 4.8 4.5 Louisiana.............. 2,011.7 2,037.2 2,043.8 2,067.6 126.3 119.4 117.3 105.0 6.3 5.9 5.7 5.1 Maine.................. 664.0 659.0 661.1 659.1 35.4 35.0 34.9 31.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.8 Maryland............... 2,798.5 2,789.1 2,790.8 2,802.5 140.0 137.4 133.7 134.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.8 Massachusetts.......... 3,233.6 3,263.2 3,254.5 3,257.9 130.9 126.4 124.3 116.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.6 Michigan............... 4,970.0 5,003.4 5,013.0 5,047.6 230.1 199.0 197.3 199.9 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.0 Minnesota.............. 2,595.5 2,660.8 2,670.8 2,671.8 93.9 79.6 77.3 71.1 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.7 Mississippi............ 1,255.7 1,278.4 1,279.3 1,285.2 75.7 69.6 65.6 69.7 6.0 5.4 5.1 5.4 Missouri............... 2,899.8 2,892.5 2,895.0 2,907.2 136.0 116.9 115.7 110.9 4.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 Montana................ 449.2 459.0 460.6 461.9 23.7 24.8 24.7 25.0 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 Nebraska............... 902.9 919.0 923.6 923.7 28.7 19.1 17.7 16.6 3.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 Nevada................. 864.7 897.1 900.6 905.2 39.7 35.4 35.8 38.6 4.6 3.9 4.0 4.3 New Hampshire.......... 631.4 653.2 651.2 654.0 21.9 19.5 19.1 17.9 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.7 New Jersey............. 4,182.7 4,186.2 4,178.1 4,181.6 230.7 206.9 206.6 203.7 5.5 4.9 4.9 4.9 New Mexico............. 806.8 832.8 835.5 835.7 57.0 51.5 53.3 51.2 7.1 6.2 6.4 6.1 New York............... 8,755.5 8,799.5 8,775.9 8,789.8 571.5 546.7 534.0 527.1 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.0 New York City........ 3,367.1 3,341.2 3,321.9 3,339.6 329.8 290.9 280.8 284.8 9.8 8.7 8.5 8.5 North Carolina......... 3,845.9 3,843.3 3,828.0 3,842.1 144.4 139.4 139.8 137.0 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6 North Dakota........... 347.9 346.3 346.1 346.1 10.4 7.1 7.0 6.4 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 Ohio................... 5,669.7 5,767.0 5,786.2 5,791.0 279.5 256.1 254.6 232.2 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.0 Oklahoma............... 1,596.0 1,607.7 1,607.5 1,607.7 71.5 60.8 57.3 52.6 4.5 3.8 3.6 3.3 Oregon................. 1,718.8 1,767.3 1,775.4 1,807.9 108.5 96.5 94.2 93.9 6.3 5.5 5.3 5.2 Pennsylvania........... 5,973.9 5,990.7 5,991.7 5,978.4 315.0 292.9 286.7 276.6 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.6 Rhode Island........... 500.2 506.7 507.5 508.3 26.7 25.2 24.6 24.1 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.7 South Carolina......... 1,891.5 1,907.7 1,902.9 1,907.7 104.2 70.8 70.0 73.4 5.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 South Dakota........... 392.5 395.9 397.5 397.8 14.0 11.2 10.8 11.2 3.6 2.8 2.7 2.8 Tennessee.............. 2,701.8 2,753.6 2,775.2 2,782.0 147.1 142.5 140.6 121.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.4 Texas.................. 9,793.0 9,955.2 9,979.9 10,012.0 545.8 501.3 490.5 492.5 5.6 5.0 4.9 4.9 Utah................... 1,020.0 1,061.9 1,069.7 1,076.4 34.0 31.1 30.9 30.4 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.8 Vermont................ 322.1 329.3 330.3 329.4 13.7 12.4 12.3 12.0 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.6 Virginia............... 3,342.6 3,500.9 3,538.4 3,539.0 141.0 124.8 121.2 115.6 4.2 3.6 3.4 3.3 Washington............. 2,928.8 3,010.2 3,016.0 3,012.4 154.1 132.6 133.6 134.3 5.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 West Virginia.......... 811.0 805.0 802.7 804.2 59.7 52.9 51.6 49.2 7.4 6.6 6.4 6.1 Wisconsin.............. 2,920.4 2,947.0 2,953.0 2,961.2 111.2 103.8 103.2 93.5 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.2 Wyoming................ 251.8 253.0 254.9 254.0 14.3 11.6 11.4 10.5 5.7 4.6 4.5 4.1 Puerto Rico............ 1,303.7 1,309.4 1,294.1 1,303.1 164.0 186.3 187.2 188.7 12.6 14.2 14.5 14.5 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Data have been revised to incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls, revised inputs to the regression models, and new seasonal adjustment factors. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 4. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed Civilian labor force State Number Percent of labor force December January December January December January 1996 1997 1997 1998p 1996 1997 1997 1998p 1996 1997 1997 1998p Alabama................ 2,144.1 2,153.5 2,137.6 2,126.7 91.4 82.9 109.5 88.4 4.3 3.8 5.1 4.2 Alaska................. 311.9 314.5 310.0 311.1 26.8 23.2 31.5 24.3 8.6 7.4 10.2 7.8 Arizona................ 2,168.1 2,236.8 2,132.1 2,218.3 108.5 83.8 113.5 81.7 5.0 3.7 5.3 3.7 Arkansas............... 1,200.2 1,229.8 1,183.0 1,217.2 63.4 61.9 76.4 71.6 5.3 5.0 6.5 5.9 California............. 15,671.5 16,053.7 15,698.2 16,023.8 999.5 899.6 1,157.2 1,054.9 6.4 5.6 7.4 6.6 Los Angeles-Long Beach............. 4,413.1 4,557.5 4,403.9 4,525.9 309.5 272.5 345.1 288.1 7.0 6.0 7.8 6.4 Colorado............... 2,103.8 2,195.9 2,080.2 2,179.2 71.6 58.5 87.7 71.8 3.4 2.7 4.2 3.3 Connecticut............ 1,711.9 1,714.4 1,700.0 1,695.3 93.3 72.4 109.4 77.2 5.4 4.2 6.4 4.6 Delaware............... 379.6 387.7 376.8 385.7 17.4 11.5 21.2 15.9 4.6 3.0 5.6 4.1 District of Columbia... 262.3 254.7 256.4 253.8 20.1 19.6 20.4 21.7 7.7 7.7 7.9 8.5 Florida................ 6,983.3 7,249.1 6,906.4 7,142.5 314.4 310.4 360.3 346.9 4.5 4.3 5.2 4.9 Georgia................ 3,848.7 3,928.8 3,804.9 3,878.1 175.4 148.7 173.0 144.7 4.6 3.8 4.5 3.7 Hawaii................. 593.1 592.7 593.0 594.1 34.8 30.6 38.8 33.2 5.9 5.2 6.5 5.6 Idaho.................. 623.2 637.7 622.5 633.2 34.2 34.7 43.6 40.8 5.5 5.4 7.0 6.5 Illinois............... 6,122.1 6,164.0 6,052.4 6,118.4 296.0 288.1 347.3 344.5 4.8 4.7 5.7 5.6 Indiana................ 3,042.5 3,093.5 3,006.2 3,061.0 104.2 104.3 116.2 113.8 3.4 3.4 3.9 3.7 Iowa................... 1,582.5 1,574.8 1,570.5 1,571.9 57.1 45.3 72.4 55.4 3.6 2.9 4.6 3.5 Kansas................. 1,345.5 1,402.8 1,337.9 1,396.1 52.0 47.7 65.6 57.6 3.9 3.4 4.9 4.1 Kentucky............... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Louisiana.............. 1,996.5 2,023.0 1,982.0 2,037.3 120.4 108.1 144.1 122.6 6.0 5.3 7.3 6.0 Maine.................. 657.7 652.2 652.2 647.3 32.6 32.7 43.0 38.9 5.0 5.0 6.6 6.0 Maryland............... 2,778.1 2,768.2 2,758.6 2,762.6 127.5 123.4 147.5 141.6 4.6 4.5 5.3 5.1 Massachusetts.......... 3,211.5 3,246.1 3,208.5 3,232.4 116.6 110.1 152.6 137.5 3.6 3.4 4.8 4.3 Michigan............... 4,948.3 5,003.2 4,900.5 4,974.7 208.6 174.4 263.3 233.6 4.2 3.5 5.4 4.7 Minnesota.............. 2,579.2 2,650.0 2,560.0 2,636.0 88.8 69.3 113.8 90.7 3.4 2.6 4.4 3.4 Mississippi............ 1,255.9 1,278.2 1,243.7 1,273.2 62.5 52.3 80.2 74.2 5.0 4.1 6.5 5.8 Missouri............... 2,898.1 2,891.1 2,866.9 2,874.1 133.5 112.7 154.9 129.8 4.6 3.9 5.4 4.5 Montana................ 442.2 454.1 441.8 454.4 24.4 26.1 28.2 29.6 5.5 5.7 6.4 6.5 Nebraska............... 896.9 917.0 893.2 914.2 23.4 14.3 33.9 21.9 2.6 1.6 3.8 2.4 Nevada................. 857.4 896.6 855.2 895.5 39.4 33.9 43.5 42.3 4.6 3.8 5.1 4.7 New Hampshire.......... 624.7 648.0 624.4 646.8 21.5 17.6 24.6 20.5 3.4 2.7 3.9 3.2 New Jersey............. 4,181.1 4,177.0 4,139.9 4,138.6 231.2 196.7 251.5 224.4 5.5 4.7 6.1 5.4 New Mexico............. 802.9 832.7 801.3 830.2 54.2 49.4 61.9 56.1 6.7 5.9 7.7 6.8 New York............... 8,711.6 8,747.1 8,689.1 8,723.0 526.6 498.6 620.8 576.5 6.0 5.7 7.1 6.6 New York City........ 3,358.2 3,326.7 3,361.7 3,334.2 306.1 264.9 342.3 297.4 9.1 8.0 10.2 8.9 North Carolina......... 3,807.2 3,800.1 3,777.9 3,774.5 134.6 125.3 161.8 154.6 3.5 3.3 4.3 4.1 North Dakota........... 341.0 339.4 337.5 334.6 10.9 7.3 13.2 8.1 3.2 2.2 3.9 2.4 Ohio................... 5,656.7 5,783.3 5,581.0 5,700.5 271.3 248.5 327.8 280.7 4.8 4.3 5.9 4.9 Oklahoma............... 1,577.8 1,595.4 1,577.5 1,589.0 62.9 53.5 82.2 63.5 4.0 3.4 5.2 4.0 Oregon................. 1,708.4 1,764.5 1,686.1 1,775.7 104.4 91.0 124.1 109.4 6.1 5.2 7.4 6.2 Pennsylvania........... 5,953.1 5,987.3 5,895.2 5,900.2 278.7 251.5 346.0 308.1 4.7 4.2 5.9 5.2 Rhode Island........... 502.5 508.5 498.0 505.9 24.7 22.8 31.1 28.5 4.9 4.5 6.2 5.6 South Carolina......... 1,851.8 1,873.0 1,850.0 1,866.2 98.3 59.7 107.3 76.4 5.3 3.2 5.8 4.1 South Dakota........... 385.1 390.3 382.1 387.4 13.2 10.8 16.6 13.7 3.4 2.8 4.3 3.5 Tennessee.............. 2,698.8 2,762.5 2,656.3 2,736.4 120.6 116.6 164.6 139.3 4.5 4.2 6.2 5.1 Texas.................. 9,763.8 9,986.6 9,720.2 9,928.6 487.7 450.1 590.3 532.9 5.0 4.5 6.1 5.4 Utah................... 1,018.8 1,071.4 1,008.9 1,063.9 28.5 26.2 35.2 31.5 2.8 2.4 3.5 3.0 Vermont................ 325.0 331.8 318.2 325.1 13.5 11.9 17.2 15.1 4.2 3.6 5.4 4.6 Virginia............... 3,310.9 3,504.8 3,305.4 3,496.4 130.0 109.7 155.6 127.8 3.9 3.1 4.7 3.7 Washington............. 2,923.0 3,013.1 2,929.1 3,012.8 173.7 139.7 179.4 159.5 5.9 4.6 6.1 5.3 West Virginia.......... 808.4 802.2 802.1 795.4 59.9 52.1 69.8 59.4 7.4 6.5 8.7 7.5 Wisconsin.............. 2,901.0 2,936.0 2,874.2 2,913.4 90.4 88.7 129.0 111.6 3.1 3.0 4.5 3.8 Wyoming................ 250.1 253.1 247.0 249.2 13.6 11.5 17.5 13.6 5.5 4.6 7.1 5.5 Puerto Rico............ 1,299.2 1,292.6 1,301.8 1,301.2 131.8 169.0 164.3 188.5 10.1 13.1 12.6 14.5 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Data have been revised to incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls and revised inputs to the regression models. ESTABLISHMENT DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) Construction Manufacturing State Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1997 1997 1997 1998p 1997 1997 1997 1998p 1997 1997 1997 1998p Alabama............ 1,850.6 1,871.0 1,871.9 1,874.7 96.5 96.5 96.2 97.0 381.7 378.7 378.6 380.1 Alaska............. 266.2 268.8 268.3 270.0 13.0 12.7 12.8 12.9 16.1 15.5 13.9 15.2 Arizona............ 1,932.8 2,011.8 2,021.9 2,035.5 128.0 131.4 131.6 135.0 203.5 211.6 212.9 214.3 Arkansas........... 1,090.5 1,110.6 1,111.6 1,110.1 46.9 48.0 48.1 47.4 251.6 253.3 254.0 255.5 California......... 12907.4 13367.0 13398.3 13419.1 523.4 573.1 577.9 585.4 1,880.8 1,936.5 1,941.6 1,943.6 Colorado........... 1,942.1 2,003.3 2,009.5 2,015.6 113.6 118.0 122.1 128.0 200.6 206.6 207.7 206.4 Connecticut........ 1,600.5 1,634.6 1,642.6 1,639.2 55.4 58.1 58.9 60.1 275.2 276.0 276.3 277.2 Delaware........... 382.5 393.6 395.5 394.4 23.1 22.2 22.5 23.1 56.6 58.4 58.7 56.7 District of Columbia........ 618.8 610.8 610.4 614.1 9.3 8.4 8.8 8.7 12.9 12.6 12.6 12.8 Florida............ 6,316.9 6,534.1 6,551.6 6,565.9 329.2 339.3 339.9 341.6 490.2 491.5 491.9 491.5 Georgia............ 3,569.5 3,674.8 3,690.0 3,689.4 165.1 173.3 175.2 177.4 589.3 589.3 590.0 589.3 Hawaii(2).......... 533.8 532.8 530.5 528.3 23.2 21.9 21.8 21.9 16.7 16.5 16.5 16.4 Idaho.............. 503.2 513.5 514.0 512.5 31.3 32.5 32.3 31.7 73.9 75.5 75.8 76.2 Illinois........... 5,720.7 5,823.5 5,833.8 5,832.0 224.8 239.3 239.1 243.6 968.7 979.5 980.9 983.0 Indiana............ 2,840.0 2,873.9 2,884.0 2,876.6 139.2 142.3 142.9 142.4 675.3 678.4 679.6 678.3 Iowa............... 1,392.8 1,416.9 1,419.2 1,422.6 57.8 60.5 61.0 59.9 252.0 256.1 256.3 256.6 Kansas............. 1,246.2 1,282.8 1,287.4 1,291.6 57.1 59.4 59.3 60.7 201.4 208.4 208.9 209.9 Kentucky........... 1,695.0 1,726.2 1,732.0 1,750.4 80.9 81.6 82.3 86.5 313.2 315.9 316.7 319.3 Louisiana.......... 1,827.9 1,867.7 1,869.8 1,871.1 114.4 117.4 117.1 118.0 189.7 190.7 190.8 190.8 Maine.............. 546.3 560.8 561.4 558.4 24.0 24.4 24.4 24.4 86.8 87.8 88.1 88.1 Maryland........... 2,242.0 2,272.1 2,273.8 2,281.8 137.8 139.7 140.3 140.7 176.4 176.6 176.7 176.4 Massachusetts...... 3,081.7 3,157.6 3,168.4 3,173.0 99.1 102.5 104.4 107.5 444.9 451.6 452.9 455.1 Michigan........... 4,411.5 4,471.1 4,489.6 4,493.4 172.0 184.1 186.1 184.0 968.7 970.7 969.3 971.0 Minnesota.......... 2,453.3 2,512.6 2,518.5 2,515.8 91.4 95.7 96.3 97.5 428.8 439.3 440.4 439.6 Mississippi........ 1,095.0 1,113.1 1,112.6 1,118.9 48.8 51.6 51.5 52.7 242.2 241.2 241.1 241.7 Missouri........... 2,607.8 2,652.0 2,658.9 2,664.4 119.8 125.2 124.9 123.0 417.6 419.8 420.2 426.4 Montana............ 361.8 369.0 370.3 368.1 16.5 18.6 18.9 18.9 24.0 24.5 24.3 24.5 Nebraska........... 843.9 866.4 868.6 872.8 36.9 39.2 40.9 42.8 114.7 116.8 117.0 117.7 Nevada............. 873.2 904.2 907.2 906.7 79.4 83.7 84.0 84.7 39.6 41.2 41.4 41.7 New Hampshire...... 562.2 572.5 570.0 574.1 20.7 21.0 21.4 21.8 105.4 107.7 108.1 108.8 New Jersey......... 3,688.5 3,758.2 3,766.5 3,772.6 129.2 131.8 131.9 135.2 484.1 483.5 484.4 486.0 New Mexico......... 698.9 713.3 713.9 712.2 41.8 42.2 42.2 41.8 45.8 47.3 47.3 46.9 New York........... 7,967.7 8,083.4 8,095.6 8,086.7 260.4 267.8 268.1 267.9 924.5 923.3 925.1 923.2 North Carolina..... 3,616.8 3,716.8 3,715.4 3,722.3 204.2 207.9 208.7 212.0 835.8 834.7 833.5 834.0 North Dakota....... 311.2 315.1 316.2 317.2 14.2 14.8 14.9 15.1 22.4 23.7 23.6 24.0 Ohio............... 5,339.5 5,417.1 5,421.7 5,434.9 219.7 225.4 225.3 226.8 1,088.3 1,090.8 1,093.8 1,094.3 Oklahoma........... 1,370.7 1,403.4 1,405.1 1,404.9 50.6 50.9 50.8 51.7 178.3 183.2 183.7 184.0 Oregon............. 1,505.9 1,536.9 1,551.0 1,552.8 80.1 83.1 84.6 83.2 240.5 246.2 246.7 247.3 Pennsylvania....... 5,371.7 5,434.4 5,446.5 5,454.7 212.5 216.4 217.1 218.0 933.6 938.6 938.6 942.8 Rhode Island....... 445.5 451.1 453.4 452.9 14.5 14.9 15.1 15.3 80.7 78.8 80.1 79.5 South Carolina..... 1,703.1 1,735.0 1,749.1 1,763.0 98.8 101.6 103.3 104.7 362.6 362.1 362.2 362.3 South Dakota....... 349.9 355.7 356.1 354.8 14.4 15.7 15.9 15.9 48.4 49.7 49.9 49.7 Tennessee.......... 2,553.8 2,603.0 2,605.3 2,618.7 115.4 117.8 118.1 117.0 517.8 517.5 517.7 519.0 Texas.............. 8,432.4 8,732.1 8,760.7 8,751.5 444.9 464.5 467.0 468.2 1,067.6 1,091.8 1,093.9 1,095.2 Utah............... 975.4 1,010.6 1,014.3 1,016.6 60.9 65.8 66.5 65.6 131.1 134.0 134.0 134.5 Vermont............ 275.7 279.7 281.4 279.8 12.7 12.8 13.3 12.7 46.2 46.9 47.2 47.5 Virginia........... 3,197.5 3,267.2 3,278.7 3,276.2 186.2 188.3 189.0 188.7 402.2 405.3 405.8 406.5 Washington......... 2,468.0 2,534.5 2,543.6 2,546.8 133.8 136.8 136.6 137.2 359.9 375.1 376.0 376.5 West Virginia...... 704.9 717.7 717.1 717.1 35.7 35.6 35.5 36.4 82.0 82.4 82.7 82.9 Wisconsin.......... 2,623.2 2,679.4 2,684.9 2,688.8 106.6 109.4 110.0 110.3 601.4 615.8 617.4 619.9 Wyoming............ 221.5 223.2 223.0 222.8 14.1 15.2 14.9 14.9 10.5 10.9 10.9 10.9 Transportation and public Trade Finance, insurance, and real utilities estate Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1997 1997 1997 1998p 1997 1997 1997 1998p 1997 1997 1997 1998p Alabama............ 91.1 90.7 91.0 91.5 424.2 429.2 429.4 429.8 83.3 84.9 85.1 85.6 Alaska............. 23.2 24.0 24.4 24.4 54.8 54.9 55.4 55.9 11.9 12.2 12.2 12.1 Arizona............ 94.0 97.0 97.8 98.5 474.7 487.8 491.3 496.7 121.6 130.0 130.3 130.6 Arkansas........... 64.6 66.9 67.2 67.1 249.7 253.7 252.7 251.5 43.7 44.4 44.5 44.3 California......... 650.8 675.4 675.1 680.4 2,998.8 3,100.1 3,106.6 3,096.3 740.7 764.7 765.1 765.8 Colorado........... 121.6 121.8 121.2 122.2 474.8 486.6 486.5 486.7 123.3 129.5 130.0 129.7 Connecticut........ 74.4 75.3 75.7 75.3 349.8 359.6 362.3 360.0 129.0 132.8 133.6 133.6 Delaware........... 15.5 15.7 15.8 15.5 85.0 85.9 86.1 86.6 45.2 48.2 48.6 48.4 District of Columbia........ 17.9 17.5 17.5 17.7 49.7 48.6 48.8 48.6 28.2 28.3 28.4 29.0 Florida............ 322.9 330.9 332.2 336.1 1,633.6 1,675.7 1,680.9 1,678.3 401.3 419.3 419.2 419.5 Georgia............ 225.9 235.7 236.4 234.2 901.5 929.1 932.4 930.9 182.9 190.8 191.7 191.4 Hawaii(2).......... 41.4 41.5 41.0 41.1 134.6 134.7 134.4 133.8 36.6 35.8 35.7 35.6 Idaho.............. 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 127.8 129.4 129.7 129.3 25.1 25.6 25.6 25.6 Illinois........... 337.3 340.8 342.0 341.2 1,319.9 1,331.7 1,336.8 1,333.4 393.5 404.3 405.2 405.8 Indiana............ 140.5 140.7 141.5 142.1 680.5 682.9 681.9 676.1 136.7 140.1 140.4 140.8 Iowa............... 64.9 66.5 66.7 66.8 344.1 348.5 347.7 348.1 78.3 80.7 80.9 81.3 Kansas............. 71.6 73.0 72.9 72.8 304.7 313.6 314.4 314.8 60.7 60.8 60.9 60.8 Kentucky........... 97.0 98.6 99.4 99.0 407.7 414.4 416.1 417.8 68.1 70.4 70.6 71.7 Louisiana.......... 109.0 111.8 112.1 112.2 426.4 434.7 436.2 434.9 84.3 86.5 86.8 86.5 Maine.............. 22.9 23.4 23.5 23.5 137.7 142.8 142.4 140.5 27.7 29.0 29.2 29.4 Maryland........... 106.8 105.9 106.3 105.6 535.7 539.1 539.1 542.8 130.2 130.9 131.3 131.5 Massachusetts...... 132.0 136.0 135.3 136.9 704.0 722.0 723.6 727.9 212.0 215.2 215.7 216.2 Michigan........... 172.2 175.1 175.3 174.6 1,036.7 1,047.9 1,050.9 1,050.0 205.5 206.6 207.1 207.8 Minnesota.......... 122.4 125.3 126.0 126.0 593.6 607.0 608.6 605.6 145.0 148.5 149.1 149.4 Mississippi........ 53.0 53.6 53.5 54.1 235.5 238.0 237.8 238.1 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.2 Missouri........... 164.2 163.6 164.3 165.7 620.9 625.4 626.4 625.6 153.4 154.8 155.5 155.8 Montana............ 20.9 21.4 21.3 21.5 98.0 99.3 99.4 98.7 16.3 16.6 16.6 16.7 Nebraska........... 51.6 54.4 54.6 54.8 209.1 212.0 211.7 213.8 53.7 55.4 55.9 56.1 Nevada............. 43.9 46.7 46.7 46.7 175.6 182.4 183.1 183.0 39.1 41.1 41.2 41.4 New Hampshire...... 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.8 146.4 150.1 150.2 149.5 28.9 29.4 29.2 29.2 New Jersey......... 255.6 259.4 260.4 260.5 863.5 877.8 880.1 878.5 235.8 240.9 242.2 244.0 New Mexico......... 31.7 32.6 32.5 32.4 166.9 168.8 169.1 168.3 31.4 31.3 31.4 31.5 New York........... 408.2 410.6 410.7 411.8 1,633.7 1,651.6 1,655.5 1,654.2 714.4 721.5 722.1 721.3 North Carolina..... 170.2 171.0 170.9 171.8 828.7 845.1 840.5 843.2 162.5 168.9 169.3 170.6 North Dakota....... 18.2 18.0 18.0 18.3 80.8 81.5 82.0 81.7 14.5 15.0 15.2 15.3 Ohio............... 233.2 233.8 233.3 234.7 1,303.0 1,318.5 1,321.3 1,317.3 282.2 288.7 288.9 289.9 Oklahoma........... 77.6 80.7 80.9 80.6 321.7 326.6 327.3 325.7 68.6 70.2 70.2 70.3 Oregon............. 74.3 74.6 74.4 74.9 373.5 381.9 384.8 384.7 94.0 96.1 96.0 95.9 Pennsylvania....... 277.5 278.4 278.2 280.5 1,213.6 1,223.9 1,228.0 1,218.8 312.1 315.3 317.6 317.5 Rhode Island....... 15.4 15.7 15.9 15.4 97.8 98.7 98.6 99.0 26.1 26.7 26.6 26.9 South Carolina..... 74.8 76.5 76.9 76.3 405.1 426.5 427.6 429.2 73.5 75.3 75.8 76.0 South Dakota....... 16.4 15.9 15.8 16.0 87.1 88.3 88.1 87.1 20.4 21.6 21.7 21.6 Tennessee.......... 148.8 150.4 150.1 153.1 602.2 614.8 618.4 618.0 117.6 121.7 121.7 123.5 Texas.............. 503.8 524.7 526.0 527.5 2,013.6 2,071.0 2,081.5 2,082.8 455.4 469.7 471.2 473.4 Utah............... 55.2 57.3 57.7 57.5 234.2 241.2 242.7 243.6 51.6 54.0 53.9 53.9 Vermont............ 12.2 12.3 12.3 12.4 65.0 65.1 65.3 64.8 12.2 12.3 12.2 12.2 Virginia........... 165.2 170.7 171.3 170.8 719.5 732.3 734.4 730.2 166.4 169.1 169.5 170.2 Washington......... 131.6 133.9 133.9 135.2 597.5 611.9 612.8 614.9 125.5 130.4 131.0 131.1 West Virginia...... 38.7 39.2 38.8 39.4 162.1 164.3 164.5 163.6 27.8 28.5 28.6 28.4 Wisconsin.......... 123.3 123.0 122.5 124.0 600.8 608.5 609.5 609.0 139.3 141.8 141.9 141.9 Wyoming............ 13.9 14.0 13.9 13.7 52.6 52.3 52.3 52.5 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.2 Services Government Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. 1997 1997 1997 1998p 1997 1997 1997 1998p Alabama............ 418.1 433.9 434.3 434.9 345.0 347.1 347.3 345.9 Alaska............. 64.3 66.1 66.0 66.4 73.4 73.3 73.5 73.1 Arizona............ 582.3 612.5 616.3 620.4 314.8 327.3 327.5 325.8 Arkansas........... 248.8 257.3 257.7 257.4 181.7 183.5 183.9 183.3 California......... 3,954.3 4,124.2 4,142.0 4,157.2 2,129.4 2,163.6 2,160.5 2,160.9 Colorado........... 580.3 610.4 610.8 610.3 314.2 316.2 317.0 318.3 Connecticut........ 490.5 506.4 508.7 506.4 225.4 225.6 226.3 225.8 Delaware........... 104.2 109.5 109.9 110.1 52.8 53.6 53.8 53.9 District of Columbia........ 264.5 266.0 265.6 267.2 236.2 229.3 228.6 230.0 Florida............ 2,189.2 2,321.5 2,330.5 2,335.3 943.9 949.3 950.5 957.2 Georgia............ 924.4 967.4 973.2 973.9 572.7 581.1 582.9 584.2 Hawaii(2).......... 168.4 170.3 169.5 168.2 112.9 112.1 111.6 111.3 Idaho.............. 118.5 123.9 123.9 121.0 99.4 99.6 99.4 101.3 Illinois........... 1,658.1 1,709.9 1,714.0 1,709.4 806.4 806.2 804.1 804.0 Indiana............ 670.7 696.7 700.7 691.3 390.5 386.1 390.4 398.8 Iowa............... 359.8 369.1 369.9 371.0 233.8 233.4 234.6 236.9 Kansas............. 306.7 324.1 325.0 324.8 235.9 235.2 237.8 239.4 Kentucky........... 415.8 431.7 433.3 438.1 289.3 291.0 291.1 295.8 Louisiana.......... 491.7 504.6 506.0 507.1 361.3 366.5 365.2 365.4 Maine.............. 154.3 160.5 160.7 160.6 92.8 92.8 93.0 91.8 Maryland........... 738.3 762.7 764.0 764.8 415.5 416.0 414.8 418.7 Massachusetts...... 1,087.1 1,121.6 1,126.1 1,119.5 401.3 407.3 409.0 408.6 Michigan........... 1,199.5 1,235.2 1,243.2 1,243.7 649.3 643.9 650.0 654.5 Minnesota.......... 686.8 708.9 710.5 709.1 377.3 380.1 379.9 380.8 Mississippi........ 251.0 261.5 261.3 264.2 217.7 220.3 220.3 220.6 Missouri........... 723.4 744.3 746.5 746.8 403.9 414.1 416.4 416.1 Montana............ 102.9 106.0 106.6 105.4 77.8 77.3 77.9 77.1 Nebraska........... 224.6 233.4 233.3 233.3 152.2 153.9 154.0 153.1 Nevada............. 376.6 386.7 387.2 386.6 104.1 108.0 109.2 108.4 New Hampshire...... 162.0 166.0 165.7 166.2 79.0 78.4 75.6 78.5 New Jersey......... 1,148.7 1,192.9 1,195.1 1,195.8 569.7 570.0 570.5 570.7 New Mexico......... 191.0 197.4 197.2 196.7 174.8 178.2 178.6 179.0 New York........... 2,648.9 2,729.4 2,736.5 2,737.1 1,372.9 1,374.7 1,373.3 1,367.3 North Carolina..... 841.1 896.2 899.5 899.7 570.4 589.0 589.0 586.9 North Dakota....... 86.3 87.5 87.8 87.9 70.8 70.4 70.5 70.9 Ohio............... 1,444.8 1,485.0 1,484.7 1,496.6 754.8 761.4 760.9 761.6 Oklahoma........... 369.2 382.6 383.0 383.5 273.4 277.6 277.3 277.4 Oregon............. 392.4 404.2 408.7 410.8 249.3 248.9 253.9 254.1 Pennsylvania....... 1,683.5 1,728.8 1,732.9 1,737.8 718.6 712.7 713.8 718.8 Rhode Island....... 148.7 152.3 152.1 151.9 62.2 63.8 64.8 64.8 South Carolina..... 387.7 400.2 401.4 409.3 298.8 290.9 300.0 303.3 South Dakota....... 90.8 92.2 92.5 92.5 70.1 70.1 70.1 69.8 Tennessee.......... 667.3 692.6 691.1 697.9 380.2 383.9 383.6 385.8 Texas.............. 2,314.2 2,447.2 2,457.1 2,445.3 1,471.8 1,495.8 1,496.7 1,490.6 Utah............... 264.4 275.6 276.4 278.1 169.8 174.3 174.8 175.1 Vermont............ 82.4 84.3 84.7 84.2 44.4 45.4 45.7 45.4 Virginia........... 948.4 991.9 999.2 1,002.5 598.4 598.6 598.5 596.7 Washington......... 661.6 686.6 689.4 689.2 454.6 456.3 460.3 459.2 West Virginia...... 194.9 202.9 202.5 202.7 138.9 140.9 140.8 140.4 Wisconsin.......... 662.8 690.7 692.3 690.5 386.5 387.7 388.7 390.7 Wyoming............ 48.7 48.9 49.0 48.8 57.5 56.9 57.1 56.9 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, not seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) Construction Manufacturing State December January December January December January 1996 1997 1997 1998p 1996 1997 1997 1998p 1996 1997 1997 1998p Alabama............ 1,859.5 1,885.8 1,830.0 1,859.2 95.3 96.0 92.2 93.3 382.3 380.4 379.6 379.5 Alaska............. 252.5 257.7 246.9 252.6 10.9 11.2 9.4 9.6 8.8 8.1 11.4 11.0 Arizona............ 1,966.3 2,053.5 1,918.9 2,021.9 128.4 132.3 124.5 131.1 203.0 213.0 202.0 213.5 Arkansas........... 1,097.0 1,118.0 1,069.1 1,093.6 47.0 47.2 43.0 43.8 252.7 254.3 249.7 253.9 California......... 13036.5 13516.3 12710.4 13266.3 516.4 576.4 494.7 557.2 1,872.4 1,935.2 1,849.3 1,922.4 Colorado........... 1,958.2 2,035.8 1,913.4 1,997.1 112.5 120.5 105.0 119.0 200.9 208.2 199.4 206.7 Connecticut........ 1,630.6 1,665.5 1,571.3 1,612.4 54.8 57.9 48.7 52.8 277.7 278.2 274.2 276.9 Delaware........... 384.6 397.9 372.5 385.6 24.2 22.7 21.7 21.4 56.0 58.6 56.2 56.3 District of Columbia........ 624.0 614.3 607.0 602.7 9.1 8.6 8.7 8.4 12.9 12.7 12.7 12.6 Florida............ 6,379.1 6,637.3 6,291.2 6,553.8 329.3 341.6 323.4 337.8 493.7 494.8 488.0 491.9 Georgia............ 3,601.1 3,731.1 3,518.0 3,654.3 164.2 175.8 158.2 171.6 591.3 592.4 585.5 588.8 Hawaii(2).......... 541.1 537.4 528.9 527.0 23.5 22.1 22.5 21.8 16.7 16.4 16.5 16.2 Idaho.............. 502.1 515.7 488.4 500.7 30.2 31.1 26.9 28.1 73.7 76.0 72.8 75.8 Illinois........... 5,788.2 5,881.9 5,598.6 5,723.2 226.4 238.3 194.1 213.6 974.2 982.1 961.1 977.7 Indiana............ 2,867.7 2,912.6 2,781.6 2,831.8 137.3 140.8 123.3 126.7 676.6 680.7 670.2 674.7 Iowa............... 1,407.2 1,431.8 1,363.3 1,397.7 56.2 58.9 47.7 50.3 251.9 257.0 249.6 255.7 Kansas............. 1,259.3 1,295.9 1,222.0 1,273.2 56.1 57.5 50.2 53.8 201.1 209.0 200.3 209.2 Kentucky........... 1,705.8 1,748.3 1,657.1 1,715.8 79.8 82.9 73.0 78.3 313.0 318.4 311.8 317.9 Louisiana.......... 1,840.8 1,881.7 1,799.9 1,854.4 114.7 117.3 109.9 115.0 190.0 191.3 186.4 188.6 Maine.............. 552.8 567.0 527.0 539.0 24.3 24.6 20.8 21.2 88.8 89.2 85.9 87.1 Maryland........... 2,258.5 2,292.0 2,186.6 2,231.1 136.7 140.1 128.7 132.1 177.1 177.2 174.8 174.9 Massachusetts...... 3,112.1 3,203.6 3,022.6 3,123.7 96.8 104.4 87.4 95.1 446.7 454.4 443.1 454.0 Michigan........... 4,459.1 4,544.9 4,333.1 4,431.4 171.4 180.9 152.6 165.5 975.0 978.6 963.2 973.7 Minnesota.......... 2,476.2 2,534.2 2,404.8 2,470.8 85.0 91.0 74.6 81.0 431.9 439.0 421.1 433.3 Mississippi........ 1,102.7 1,121.5 1,079.7 1,108.4 47.9 51.3 45.3 49.8 243.5 242.0 239.8 240.7 Missouri........... 2,620.4 2,674.7 2,544.5 2,600.4 117.4 121.9 108.4 113.2 419.4 422.7 414.7 421.0 Montana............ 362.5 370.3 349.9 358.2 16.1 18.1 13.3 15.6 24.1 24.5 23.4 24.3 Nebraska........... 850.2 874.9 827.3 859.1 36.1 39.5 32.1 37.9 115.2 117.7 114.3 117.5 Nevada............. 874.2 910.8 858.9 897.1 80.0 84.0 75.9 81.4 39.5 41.4 39.2 41.6 New Hampshire...... 567.4 577.0 550.3 565.8 20.4 21.5 18.3 20.2 106.0 108.5 105.4 108.7 New Jersey......... 3,708.8 3,799.3 3,605.7 3,702.8 129.4 133.8 116.0 121.8 482.4 485.2 474.4 479.4 New Mexico......... 707.2 718.7 686.0 700.2 41.9 41.9 39.2 39.2 45.7 47.1 44.6 45.9 New York........... 8,092.9 8,192.1 7,801.0 7,929.7 259.2 267.0 228.9 236.6 923.2 924.6 903.9 907.2 North Carolina..... 3,638.2 3,756.9 3,556.5 3,683.0 196.9 208.5 192.1 203.5 842.9 836.6 832.1 831.9 North Dakota....... 312.6 318.2 303.3 311.1 12.7 13.5 10.9 12.3 22.3 23.5 22.0 23.6 Ohio............... 5,395.9 5,481.2 5,233.0 5,332.2 216.5 224.3 192.5 199.1 1,094.5 1,099.7 1,080.7 1,089.9 Oklahoma........... 1,381.5 1,416.0 1,351.1 1,390.4 50.4 50.6 48.5 49.4 177.5 183.9 177.3 183.4 Oregon............. 1,515.0 1,557.4 1,471.9 1,522.7 77.9 82.3 73.9 78.2 237.3 242.8 234.5 241.1 Pennsylvania....... 5,419.2 5,493.1 5,262.9 5,354.7 204.4 212.5 187.8 197.3 935.5 939.6 926.1 936.1 Rhode Island....... 451.4 459.1 433.9 444.1 14.4 15.1 12.2 14.0 82.1 80.9 80.0 79.2 South Carolina..... 1,702.2 1,757.0 1,669.4 1,728.8 97.2 103.0 95.8 102.1 364.9 363.6 361.2 362.7 South Dakota....... 349.0 356.2 340.4 347.6 13.2 14.9 11.8 13.4 48.3 49.7 47.8 49.2 Tennessee.......... 2,579.3 2,628.4 2,503.3 2,580.0 114.4 117.2 106.9 109.7 518.6 519.0 514.4 518.2 Texas.............. 8,467.4 8,821.3 8,317.4 8,681.5 440.5 467.8 428.9 460.3 1,070.2 1,096.7 1,058.1 1,089.5 Utah............... 987.0 1,026.3 960.6 999.9 61.1 65.2 56.1 60.1 131.9 134.9 130.2 133.3 Vermont............ 282.4 286.2 272.5 277.5 12.4 13.2 10.8 11.2 46.5 47.5 45.5 46.8 Virginia........... 3,220.5 3,306.9 3,148.2 3,237.8 182.6 188.7 176.6 180.9 403.5 408.0 399.7 405.9 Washington......... 2,476.4 2,558.2 2,414.1 2,499.7 128.7 133.6 123.0 125.8 356.3 374.7 353.9 370.6 West Virginia...... 708.0 721.0 688.1 701.7 35.0 34.6 30.2 31.1 81.3 82.5 80.9 82.5 Wisconsin.......... 2,644.4 2,704.0 2,559.8 2,631.6 104.8 107.8 92.7 96.5 600.1 615.2 593.5 613.3 Wyoming............ 219.3 221.6 212.7 214.2 13.4 14.3 11.6 12.3 10.8 11.1 10.5 10.8 Puerto Rico........ 1,009.7 983.7 972.9 956.9 59.0 55.5 54.8 52.4 154.7 148.1 151.1 143.6 Transportation and public Trade Finance, insurance, and real utilities estate December January December January December January 1996 1997 1997 1998p 1996 1997 1997 1998p 1996 1997 1997 1998p Alabama............ 91.6 91.1 90.1 90.7 434.4 439.8 418.9 424.8 83.0 85.0 82.6 85.2 Alaska............. 21.9 23.0 21.3 22.5 54.1 55.1 51.3 52.5 11.8 12.1 11.6 11.8 Arizona............ 95.1 98.7 92.9 96.4 487.6 505.5 475.6 495.7 121.9 130.9 121.0 130.7 Arkansas........... 65.1 68.1 63.6 66.4 253.6 256.4 243.7 246.9 43.9 44.5 43.2 44.0 California......... 656.4 678.8 639.3 671.6 3,108.6 3,196.0 2,968.1 3,074.5 747.8 767.3 734.7 761.8 Colorado........... 123.8 122.4 121.3 121.9 486.4 502.0 470.1 484.9 123.3 130.5 122.7 130.1 Connecticut........ 76.1 76.5 73.6 75.1 365.2 374.4 346.2 355.9 129.5 133.8 128.0 132.9 Delaware........... 15.7 15.8 15.2 15.4 86.6 87.9 81.7 83.6 45.0 48.2 44.6 48.0 District of Columbia........ 18.7 17.6 17.5 17.3 50.8 50.3 47.6 47.5 28.5 28.5 28.3 28.8 Florida............ 325.7 337.5 320.8 334.1 1,684.4 1,730.3 1,632.7 1,678.9 404.1 420.6 398.0 418.4 Georgia............ 229.2 237.8 222.9 232.6 929.2 961.3 889.2 920.7 184.5 192.4 181.1 190.7 Hawaii(2).......... 41.8 41.3 41.2 41.1 138.4 137.1 134.8 133.7 37.0 35.8 36.2 35.4 Idaho.............. 24.1 24.4 23.5 24.1 130.1 132.0 124.8 126.8 25.1 25.8 24.8 25.5 Illinois........... 341.2 344.2 334.9 338.9 1,361.4 1,375.3 1,301.4 1,318.1 394.3 405.2 390.5 403.3 Indiana............ 141.3 142.2 137.7 139.2 699.7 700.4 666.2 667.6 135.3 139.7 134.9 139.4 Iowa............... 65.6 67.1 63.7 66.2 349.9 354.3 335.7 340.8 78.7 80.9 77.6 80.6 Kansas............. 71.8 72.8 70.9 72.4 311.3 318.9 300.1 312.2 59.4 60.7 60.0 60.5 Kentucky........... 97.4 100.5 95.8 98.4 417.9 426.4 400.1 409.5 68.0 70.8 67.3 71.1 Louisiana.......... 110.3 112.4 107.6 111.8 437.4 444.9 420.4 430.8 84.6 86.8 83.8 86.2 Maine.............. 23.1 23.7 22.3 22.9 140.2 144.8 130.8 133.6 27.6 29.1 27.3 29.0 Maryland........... 107.5 107.0 105.2 104.8 550.6 553.4 523.8 530.0 131.0 131.7 128.8 130.2 Massachusetts...... 132.4 137.9 130.0 135.5 723.4 744.9 688.0 715.5 212.1 215.5 210.7 214.9 Michigan........... 173.9 176.0 168.9 171.3 1,067.1 1,079.7 1,018.3 1,036.5 205.0 207.0 203.7 206.0 Minnesota.......... 124.0 127.0 121.4 124.7 607.6 620.9 583.8 596.4 145.7 149.2 143.8 148.2 Mississippi........ 53.4 53.7 52.2 53.5 240.6 242.5 230.9 235.0 41.2 41.0 40.9 40.9 Missouri........... 164.4 164.9 161.9 164.2 633.1 639.6 605.6 612.5 152.4 155.0 151.2 154.6 Montana............ 20.9 21.7 20.6 21.2 98.9 99.8 94.5 95.7 16.6 16.6 16.0 16.5 Nebraska........... 50.9 54.8 51.0 54.4 214.4 216.6 205.1 211.9 53.5 56.0 53.4 56.1 Nevada............. 44.4 46.8 43.2 46.4 179.5 186.8 173.4 181.9 38.8 41.3 38.9 41.2 New Hampshire...... 19.5 19.8 19.1 19.6 150.2 152.9 143.3 147.0 28.8 29.0 28.7 29.1 New Jersey......... 258.1 262.8 252.6 259.3 886.3 906.8 847.2 866.4 235.4 241.5 233.9 240.6 New Mexico......... 32.7 33.2 31.6 32.4 170.3 171.4 163.8 165.7 31.7 31.4 31.0 31.1 New York........... 413.9 415.9 403.1 405.3 1,696.4 1,710.9 1,605.3 1,625.6 722.6 723.5 706.7 714.4 North Carolina..... 171.4 172.5 167.6 170.3 848.5 862.2 811.6 832.2 162.2 168.9 159.8 169.1 North Dakota....... 18.5 18.3 18.1 18.2 82.1 83.6 78.9 80.5 14.7 15.2 14.4 15.1 Ohio............... 234.7 236.0 228.9 230.8 1,344.8 1,355.5 1,283.3 1,295.7 282.2 289.2 278.9 286.8 Oklahoma........... 78.1 81.1 76.8 80.2 328.1 332.5 316.3 321.4 68.3 70.4 67.9 69.8 Oregon............. 76.0 74.7 73.3 74.5 384.1 393.3 365.7 378.1 93.5 96.2 92.9 95.1 Pennsylvania....... 280.6 282.0 275.4 278.8 1,250.2 1,259.9 1,197.6 1,206.3 311.3 316.5 308.5 315.3 Rhode Island....... 15.8 15.9 15.0 15.2 99.2 101.0 94.4 96.3 26.0 26.5 25.9 26.7 South Carolina..... 75.0 77.4 73.5 75.4 408.4 431.0 392.5 416.0 73.8 75.6 72.0 75.0 South Dakota....... 16.5 16.1 16.2 15.9 88.3 88.5 84.7 85.0 20.7 21.6 20.3 21.4 Tennessee.......... 151.7 151.1 145.6 151.0 619.6 633.4 590.5 606.9 117.6 121.6 116.4 122.4 Texas.............. 503.7 531.4 498.8 524.9 2,058.3 2,119.4 1,989.8 2,061.4 453.8 472.0 451.0 470.1 Utah............... 55.8 58.5 54.7 57.2 241.9 251.2 230.0 239.2 52.1 54.4 51.1 53.5 Vermont............ 12.4 12.3 12.1 12.3 66.3 66.3 64.2 64.5 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.1 Virginia........... 167.2 172.5 163.1 168.9 745.3 756.3 708.4 722.0 165.8 169.6 164.7 168.9 Washington......... 133.6 135.2 128.9 132.6 611.7 626.5 584.0 602.8 125.6 131.1 123.8 129.8 West Virginia...... 39.0 38.9 38.1 38.6 166.6 167.8 158.3 160.2 27.9 28.5 27.5 28.0 Wisconsin.......... 125.4 124.1 120.5 122.0 616.4 623.8 586.9 596.5 138.6 141.9 138.4 141.1 Wyoming............ 14.1 14.0 13.7 13.5 52.1 52.1 50.0 50.0 7.9 8.2 7.9 8.1 Puerto Rico........ 26.6 26.0 25.8 26.6 212.3 207.7 197.8 197.1 46.8 46.6 45.6 46.1 Services Government December January December January 1996 1997 1997 1998p 1996 1997 1997 1998p Alabama............ 417.6 434.5 410.3 429.2 344.4 349.0 345.6 346.6 Alaska............. 61.7 64.1 60.4 62.7 74.0 74.3 72.6 72.8 Arizona............ 586.1 620.4 574.0 614.8 330.8 338.5 315.0 325.6 Arkansas........... 246.0 256.1 241.4 251.5 185.3 187.9 181.1 183.6 California......... 3,959.2 4,153.8 3,867.8 4,090.7 2,147.1 2,179.4 2,127.8 2,159.1 Colorado........... 581.4 615.3 573.4 606.6 316.3 322.6 308.0 313.9 Connecticut........ 495.2 511.6 477.3 495.3 231.4 232.3 222.6 222.8 Delaware........... 102.9 109.9 100.9 107.7 54.1 54.7 52.1 53.1 District of Columbia........ 267.3 267.7 257.7 260.5 236.6 228.8 234.4 227.5 Florida............ 2,182.7 2,335.5 2,173.8 2,321.3 952.4 970.5 947.9 965.0 Georgia............ 918.6 973.2 900.9 956.4 576.4 590.0 572.5 585.4 Hawaii(2).......... 170.0 170.0 167.0 167.7 113.7 114.7 110.7 111.1 Idaho.............. 116.7 122.5 115.3 117.9 99.1 100.9 97.4 99.6 Illinois........... 1,661.5 1,710.3 1,612.2 1,671.8 817.1 814.9 792.9 788.7 Indiana............ 670.0 700.1 653.7 683.0 401.0 402.0 389.4 394.8 Iowa............... 363.6 370.9 353.4 365.7 239.3 240.7 233.9 236.7 Kansas............. 307.0 324.2 299.4 320.1 244.6 244.5 233.1 236.8 Kentucky........... 412.9 431.0 402.5 427.1 293.8 295.8 283.8 291.3 Louisiana.......... 489.1 505.9 483.3 504.6 363.2 367.4 358.3 361.7 Maine.............. 152.4 158.9 147.5 153.8 96.3 96.6 92.3 91.3 Maryland........... 732.0 759.0 713.4 743.4 422.4 422.3 410.7 414.5 Massachusetts...... 1,090.2 1,128.4 1,061.5 1,101.2 409.2 416.7 400.8 406.3 Michigan........... 1,188.5 1,241.0 1,170.1 1,218.8 670.8 674.1 649.2 652.5 Minnesota.......... 683.6 710.7 671.2 696.3 390.6 388.9 381.7 383.8 Mississippi........ 250.4 261.9 246.6 261.2 220.2 223.0 218.7 221.3 Missouri........... 714.7 741.8 697.5 719.9 414.3 424.1 400.8 410.3 Montana............ 101.4 105.3 99.6 102.5 79.1 79.0 77.6 77.5 Nebraska........... 225.3 233.0 219.5 228.7 153.6 156.1 150.9 151.5 Nevada............. 371.3 384.5 370.7 383.2 105.9 111.7 102.9 107.4 New Hampshire...... 160.1 165.3 157.1 163.0 81.9 79.6 78.0 77.9 New Jersey......... 1,139.8 1,189.3 1,115.4 1,167.5 575.5 578.0 564.5 566.1 New Mexico......... 192.0 197.1 188.8 195.1 177.3 180.9 171.7 175.3 New York........... 2,675.3 2,756.0 2,589.1 2,679.6 1,397.9 1,390.1 1,360.3 1,357.7 North Carolina..... 831.7 900.3 814.4 876.3 580.8 603.9 575.1 595.7 North Dakota....... 85.5 87.7 84.5 86.7 72.8 72.3 70.8 70.9 Ohio............... 1,437.2 1,483.4 1,401.8 1,456.7 772.6 779.6 753.9 760.1 Oklahoma........... 369.1 382.2 360.1 376.6 277.9 283.5 272.9 278.0 Oregon............. 390.0 407.3 380.7 399.3 254.5 259.0 249.3 254.6 Pennsylvania....... 1,680.5 1,733.8 1,640.8 1,690.9 736.8 728.5 707.4 710.2 Rhode Island....... 149.8 153.1 143.4 147.3 63.9 66.4 62.9 65.3 South Carolina..... 378.3 398.5 374.1 394.2 302.8 306.0 298.5 301.5 South Dakota....... 88.9 91.8 87.3 90.3 70.9 71.5 70.2 70.4 Tennessee.......... 667.0 690.3 645.6 681.5 385.9 391.3 379.6 386.1 Texas.............. 2,293.0 2,450.3 2,264.8 2,416.7 1,488.2 1,515.3 1,465.8 1,490.1 Utah............... 265.3 277.8 260.2 272.8 170.7 175.8 170.3 175.5 Vermont............ 83.8 86.0 83.0 85.2 48.3 48.2 44.4 45.0 Virginia........... 938.4 994.2 926.7 982.1 606.6 606.7 597.9 598.5 Washington......... 657.9 688.1 643.3 674.7 459.2 465.5 453.9 460.1 West Virginia...... 193.3 202.4 191.3 199.9 140.0 142.6 137.0 138.1 Wisconsin.......... 662.9 691.5 644.1 673.9 393.8 397.4 381.7 386.4 Wyoming............ 45.9 46.3 45.0 45.3 59.0 58.7 58.2 57.6 Puerto Rico........ 196.5 193.0 189.6 189.2 312.7 305.7 307.1 300.8 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available.