Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 00-158 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, June 1, 2000 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2000 In the first quarter of 2000, there were 1,268 mass layoff actions by employers that resulted in the separation of 232,874 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the number of layoff events and the number of separations were sharply lower than in January-March 1999, with separations at their lowest level in two years. (See table A.) With this release, the mass layoff statistics program has reported statistics for five years. The completion of seasonal work was the major reason cited for layoffs in the first quarter and accounted for 41 percent of all events and 39 percent of all separations. Layoffs due to internal company restructuring resulted in 63,048 separations. Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 13 percent of all events and affected 40,449 workers, down from a year earlier (50,633). The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs covers layoffs of at least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the first quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. Additional information about the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs In the private sector during January-March 2000, agriculture accounted for 17 percent of all layoff events and separations. The layoff activity occurred in agricultural services, primarily farm labor contractors, and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work. (See table 1.) Thirty-six percent of all layoff events and thirty-five percent of separations occurred in manufacturing industries. Layoffs from durable goods industries were most prevalent in transportation equipment (motor vehicle parts and accessories and motor vehicles and car bodies). Among nondurable goods manufacturers, layoffs were most numerous in food and kindred products (primarily in canned fruits and vegetables). - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Period | Layoff events | Separations | Initial claimants --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995 | | | April-June .............| 1,724 | 400,891 | 332,731 July-September..........| 950 | 193,956 | 154,226 October-December........| 1,764 | 348,036 | 312,428 1996 | | | January-March...........| 1,408 | 272,399 | 224,393 April-June..............| 1,352 | 261,628 | 200,032 July-September..........| 1,021 | 233,199 | 185,247 October-December........| 1,916 | 417,044 | 348,073 1997 | | | January-March...........| 1,317 | 255,227 | 224,180 April-June..............| 1,587 | 351,198 | 292,673 July-September..........| 1,082 | 217,869 | 209,019 October-December........| 1,697 | 321,821 | 316,035 1998 | | | January-March...........| 1,320 | 208,082 | 247,315 April-June..............| 1,563 | 391,461 | 402,276 July-September..........| 1,234 | 248,054 | 256,803 October-December(r).....| 1,734 | 379,976 | 325,990 1999 | | | January-March(r)........| 1,509 | 277,780 | 252,122 April-June(r)...........| 1,444 | 294,968 | 242,351 July-September(r).......| 1,097 | 241,725 | 189,732 October-December(r).....| 1,625 | 334,676 | 286,538 2000 | | | January-March(p)........| 1,268 | 232,874 | 175,233 --------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Construction accounted for 15 percent of events and 9 percent of separations, primarily in heavy construction, excluding building. Cutbacks in services accounted for 12 percent of all layoff events and separations, mainly in business services (mainly help supply) and health services (mostly in general medical and surgical hospitals). Retail trade accounted for 8 percent of all layoff events and 11 percent of all separations, largely in miscellaneous retail (catalog and mail-order houses) and general merchandise stores (department stores). Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 2 percent of all events and 3 percent of separations. Reasons for Extended Layoff Thirty-nine percent of the separations and 41 percent of the events in the first quarter were due to seasonal work. These layoffs were most numerous among workers in agricultural services (such as farm labor contractors and crop preparation services) and agricultural production crops (mostly in grapes and in vegetables and melons). Layoffs due to internal company restructuring (bankruptcy, business ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization) comprised 20 percent of layoff events and 27 percent of all separations. More than half of these separations were attributed to company reorganizations. (See table 2.) - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, January-March 2000p --------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Size |---------------------|-------------------- | Number | Percent | Number | Percent --------------------------------------------------------------- Total.............| 1,268 | 100.0 | 232,874 | 100.0 | | | | 50-99...............| 556 | 43.9 | 39,130 | 16.8 100-149.............| 278 | 21.9 | 32,287 | 13.9 150-199.............| 122 | 9.6 | 20,343 | 8.7 200-299.............| 146 | 11.5 | 33,520 | 14.4 300-499.............| 92 | 7.3 | 33,606 | 14.4 500-999.............| 46 | 3.6 | 28,354 | 12.2 1,000 or more.......| 28 | 2.2 | 45,634 | 19.6 --------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the first quarter continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 66 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These events, however, accounted for only 31 percent of all separations. (See table B.) Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 32 percent of all separations, about unchanged from a year earlier. The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from an average of 76 separations in local and interurban passenger transit to 1,006 in depository institutions. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 175,233 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the first quarter of 2000. Of these claimants, 13 percent were black, 39 percent were women, 27 percent were Hispanic, and 12 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) Over 2 out of 5 claimants were 30 to 44 years of age. Among the civilian labor force, 12 percent were black, 47 percent were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-nine percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution In the first quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass layoff events was higher in the West (77,212) than in any of the other regions. (See table 4.) Contributing to extended mass layoffs in the West were agricultural services and agricultural production crops. The lowest number of worker separations was reported in the Northeast region (33,299). All four regions reported over-the-year decreases in separations, with the largest decline occurring in the West (-30,646), primarily in motion pictures and depository institutions. Within the West region, lower levels of separations this year were reported mainly by employers in the Pacific division, with sharply fewer layoffs in motion pictures, agricultural services, and depository institutions. Separations rose in the East South Central (+2,206) and West South Central (+2,093) divisions. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (61,235), followed by Texas (22,835), Illinois (19,084), and Pennsylvania (13,593). These four states accounted for 47 percent of total layoff events and 50 percent of all separations during the first quarter of 2000. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (22,233). - 4 - Over the year, the largest decreases in laid-off workers occurred in California (-29,651) and New Jersey (-6,315). The largest increase occurred in Texas (+6,106), primarily in depository institutions. Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, first quarter 1999-first quarter 2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Percentage of events |------------------------------------------------ Nature of the recall | I | II | III | IV | I | 1999 | 1999r | 1999r | 1999r | 2000p ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Anticipate a recall....| 57.3 | 60.2 | 50.5 | 68.6 | 58.9 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months........| 84.1 | 84.2 | 82.7 | 81.9 | 79.0 Within 3 months......| 47.3 | 51.1 | 56.7 | 30.2 | 40.7 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half..........| 89.5 | 91.5 | 88.6 | 88.8 | 87.8 All workers..........| 53.0 | 60.3 | 39.7 | 42.7 | 41.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ p=preliminary. r=revised. Recall Expectations Fifty-nine percent of employers reporting a layoff in the first quarter of 2000 indicated they anticipated some type of recall, about the same as a year earlier. (See table C.) Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6 months. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 90 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 37 percent of the events, unchanged from first quarter 1999. In layoff events due to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 12 percent of the events. Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. - 2 - Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Industry I IV I I IV I I IV I 1999r 1999r 2000p 1999r 1999r 2000p 1999r 1999r 2000p Total( 1 )..................................... 1,509 1,625 1,268 277,780 334,676 232,874 252,122 286,538 175,233 Total, private ........................................ 1,483 1,580 1,239 273,073 318,431 225,581 247,065 275,830 171,674 Agriculture ........................................ 222 397 207 41,715 81,410 38,844 34,022 56,771 27,013 Nonagriculture ...................................... 1,251 1,177 1,022 230,212 235,867 185,565 211,768 217,837 143,299 Manufacturing ................................... 502 457 441 87,137 92,249 78,213 78,440 91,264 68,281 Durable goods ................................ 280 227 228 52,961 38,568 40,696 42,100 45,442 36,688 Lumber and wood products ................... 27 26 18 3,833 2,758 3,015 2,782 2,514 2,118 Furniture and fixtures ..................... 13 7 15 1,932 940 1,964 1,861 1,413 1,474 Stone, clay, and glass products ............ 33 25 18 4,078 4,059 2,241 3,256 4,174 1,575 Primary metal industries ................... 24 16 12 6,633 2,924 2,565 4,830 3,243 2,053 Fabricated metal products .................. 27 25 24 3,497 3,474 2,994 3,430 3,793 2,606 Industrial machinery and equipment ......... 52 42 32 7,824 8,910 4,483 7,848 9,390 3,767 Electronic and other electrical equipment .. 41 26 34 5,185 4,277 5,128 6,059 5,829 4,857 Transportation equipment ................... 37 40 47 13,659 8,359 13,626 8,531 11,709 15,387 Instruments and related products ........... 16 6 13 4,416 718 2,957 2,211 872 1,456 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ..... 10 14 15 1,904 2,149 1,723 1,292 2,505 1,395 Nondurable goods ............................. 222 230 213 34,176 53,681 37,517 36,340 45,822 31,593 Food and kindred products .................. 91 105 88 12,844 30,419 16,604 14,594 23,817 14,764 Tobacco products ........................... 8 - 7 2,845 - 2,135 2,011 - 1,427 Textile mill products ...................... 16 19 9 2,099 5,063 3,850 3,906 4,296 1,371 Apparel and other textile products ......... 41 43 52 6,124 7,564 7,507 6,805 8,134 7,598 Paper and allied products .................. 14 8 14 1,932 988 1,477 2,082 826 1,599 Printing and publishing .................... 17 8 11 2,323 1,519 1,623 2,498 1,524 1,246 Chemicals and allied products .............. 12 9 9 1,396 1,282 1,351 1,412 1,443 1,038 Petroleum and coal products ................ 3 15 4 392 2,547 546 329 2,409 514 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products . 14 15 15 3,616 2,794 1,481 2,007 2,036 1,326 Leather and leather products ............... 6 8 4 605 1,505 943 696 1,337 710 Nonmanufacturing ................................ 749 720 581 143,075 143,618 107,352 133,328 126,573 75,018 Mining ....................................... 35 18 15 4,539 3,002 1,509 5,666 2,628 1,506 Construction .................................. 273 314 184 32,149 50,066 21,429 34,607 49,710 20,536 Transportation and public utilities ........... 41 49 60 8,059 7,678 10,478 6,915 9,092 7,201 Wholesale and retail trade .................... 159 114 143 48,924 32,690 31,366 30,989 22,820 21,024 Wholesale trade ........................... 45 37 45 5,912 7,172 6,776 4,778 5,486 4,765 Retail trade .............................. 114 77 98 43,012 25,518 24,590 26,211 17,334 16,259 Finance, insurance, and real estate ........... 32 26 31 10,675 4,406 15,066 5,557 4,538 3,343 Services ...................................... 209 199 148 38,729 45,776 27,504 49,594 37,785 21,408 Not identified ..................................... 10 6 10 1,146 1,154 1,172 1,275 1,222 1,362 Government ............................................ 26 45 29 4,707 16,245 7,293 5,057 10,708 3,559 Federal ....................................... 11 8 11 1,995 2,219 4,901 2,321 2,657 1,600 State ......................................... 7 19 3 1,513 8,965 285 1,476 3,883 285 Local ......................................... 8 18 15 1,199 5,061 2,107 1,260 4,168 1,674 1 For the first quarter of 2000, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Reason for separation I IV I I IV I I IV I 1999r 1999r 2000p 1999r 1999r 2000p 1999r 1999r 2000p Total, all reasons( 1 )........ 1,509 1,625 1,268 277,780 334,676 232,874 252,122 286,538 175,233 Automation ....................... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 727 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 532 Bankruptcy ....................... 26 26 32 22,853 7,177 10,221 10,368 3,202 3,451 Business ownership change ........ 53 34 25 16,325 9,752 3,731 9,233 5,490 2,206 Contract cancellation ............ 27 18 15 4,388 2,535 2,461 2,927 2,708 1,831 Contract completed ............... 172 155 128 31,192 30,663 20,484 42,587 32,543 18,955 Domestic relocation .............. 16 8 12 2,009 1,929 1,572 1,553 1,360 1,352 Energy-related ................... 22 - - 2,769 - - 4,355 - - Environment-related .............. 3 6 4 510 1,306 749 651 1,120 558 Financial difficulty ............. 50 41 71 13,074 10,105 12,706 9,839 5,948 10,435 Import competition ............... 24 26 6 5,585 7,081 2,918 4,386 4,905 653 Labor dispute .................... 10 8 6 3,446 2,615 1,013 1,459 1,757 682 Material shortage ................ ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) Model changeover ................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Overseas relocation .............. 6 9 9 789 1,479 2,144 805 1,188 1,233 Plant or machine repair .......... 6 3 - 526 376 - 604 374 - Product line discontinued ........ 10 6 7 1,371 1,556 1,090 2,077 1,984 1,078 Reorganization within company .... 131 98 123 26,048 18,270 36,390 24,620 18,562 23,345 Seasonal work .................... 516 948 514 93,135 196,643 91,850 75,002 157,977 66,071 Slack work ....................... 211 118 161 25,925 17,706 19,693 34,786 24,788 19,956 Vacation period .................. 5 6 8 614 921 2,530 394 1,444 2,965 Weather-related .................. 76 20 43 7,590 3,195 3,990 7,881 2,786 4,376 Other ............................ 59 40 39 7,832 11,206 8,168 8,599 8,255 5,986 Not reported ..................... 81 52 56 10,750 9,696 9,012 9,302 9,671 8,956 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, fourth quarter 1999 and first quarter 2000 Percent of total Total Layoff events initial Hispanic claimants Black origin Women Persons age 55 and over State IV I IV I IV I IV I IV I IV I 1999r 2000p 1999r 2000p 1999r 2000p 1999r 2000p 1999r 2000p 1999r 2000p Total( 1 ) ........ 1,625 1,268 286,538 175,233 9.9 12.9 30.8 26.7 35.9 39.3 12.8 12.3 Alabama ............... 15 16 2,071 1,875 28.2 39.1 .2 .5 43.7 42.9 17.2 11.2 Alaska ................ 7 ( 2 ) 942 ( 2 ) 2.1 .8 14.2 - 26.8 9.3 14.8 12.7 Arizona ............... 8 15 1,036 1,943 1.9 2.8 38.6 59.9 34.8 34.4 14.3 20.1 Arkansas .............. 10 3 1,424 184 16.9 44.0 1.9 1.1 51.5 67.4 11.0 5.4 California ............ 525 341 85,181 45,783 2.8 3.4 71.0 68.1 39.0 40.3 10.6 10.8 Colorado .............. 18 9 1,867 1,147 4.7 6.1 33.4 24.4 30.0 46.3 12.4 10.1 Connecticut ........... 5 8 629 1,071 12.4 19.6 5.4 8.2 27.7 38.3 16.2 13.6 Delaware .............. ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 18.2 - 2.3 - 39.8 - 19.3 - District of Columbia .. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 81.9 84.7 5.9 - 25.4 52.2 9.4 12.7 Florida ............... 28 19 3,487 2,473 17.4 27.8 19.5 28.1 52.5 36.2 27.5 25.7 Georgia ............... 12 8 1,680 612 54.1 59.6 1.1 1.3 53.9 61.8 10.4 17.3 Hawaii ................ 7 9 1,199 826 .8 .2 .5 1.9 19.1 31.6 18.8 22.5 Idaho ................. 11 11 1,176 1,032 .3 .2 33.6 19.3 26.8 34.7 12.0 10.6 Illinois .............. 148 90 26,019 10,098 18.8 26.5 16.5 13.1 27.6 42.2 12.1 10.3 Indiana ............... 27 23 4,533 2,397 7.6 8.9 4.5 3.3 19.5 34.4 14.7 12.0 Iowa .................. 32 27 6,690 3,381 1.6 .6 5.3 1.3 23.0 40.2 11.7 10.8 Kansas ................ 8 3 1,319 241 10.5 10.8 11.4 4.6 20.8 49.0 14.6 5.8 Kentucky .............. 6 16 676 1,405 3.7 12.0 - .4 71.7 51.0 15.1 9.8 Louisiana ............. 7 20 990 2,037 50.7 37.3 1.2 2.5 25.3 24.6 12.4 9.3 Maine ................. 12 4 1,607 1,167 .3 .3 .1 .2 15.6 54.7 11.6 15.6 Maryland .............. 4 4 359 537 37.0 52.1 - .4 16.2 18.2 39.8 23.6 Massachusetts ......... 35 33 6,054 4,397 7.4 4.5 11.0 6.3 51.9 40.5 21.4 16.4 Michigan .............. 90 64 18,957 10,062 16.0 17.6 9.4 2.8 34.9 32.8 11.5 8.9 Minnesota ............. 73 20 10,792 2,577 1.1 12.7 5.6 .7 24.4 24.1 13.2 11.4 Mississippi ........... 10 9 961 1,645 66.5 41.9 .7 1.4 58.9 35.7 5.5 8.1 Missouri .............. 15 9 2,591 853 11.1 14.7 2.1 .6 59.9 65.9 15.2 20.8 Montana ............... 4 ( 2 ) 510 ( 2 ) .6 1.8 1.4 3.5 5.7 5.3 14.3 14.0 Nebraska .............. - 4 - 424 - 17.9 - 6.4 - 65.1 - 9.9 Nevada ................ 10 10 1,246 926 8.1 4.0 20.9 18.4 26.8 25.1 17.8 13.3 New Hampshire ......... - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - - - .5 - 9.2 - 17.5 New Jersey ............ 31 32 5,504 3,326 17.3 19.6 26.5 20.8 47.7 46.7 19.7 17.5 New Mexico ............ ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) 441 2.6 2.0 79.9 63.5 31.2 27.2 20.1 9.3 New York .............. 41 45 5,766 5,396 13.0 8.7 9.4 12.2 47.2 44.1 19.6 11.4 North Carolina ........ 22 23 3,318 2,713 37.3 66.1 .8 2.5 51.1 60.2 11.5 15.6 North Dakota .......... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) .2 1.5 1.5 4.8 13.5 37.0 5.5 5.9 Ohio .................. 80 83 13,274 9,763 9.8 14.1 4.3 1.6 25.7 30.6 11.6 10.4 Oklahoma .............. ( 2 ) 6 ( 2 ) 805 17.6 13.4 2.7 2.5 47.9 37.9 24.9 19.9 Oregon ................ 15 17 1,966 2,289 1.6 1.5 24.9 27.3 40.0 55.6 14.5 17.0 Pennsylvania .......... 66 79 20,148 14,387 6.9 6.5 1.8 1.5 46.0 29.2 17.1 13.2 Rhode Island .......... ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) 594 3.9 4.4 16.9 3.2 72.1 85.5 29.2 19.5 South Carolina ........ 6 6 870 689 65.3 52.2 - 1.6 57.0 78.7 4.7 5.1 South Dakota .......... - - - - - - - - - - - - Tennessee ............. 5 30 893 3,798 16.6 19.3 .1 .5 42.8 66.2 8.6 22.2 Texas ................. 87 80 22,025 15,165 16.9 17.1 43.3 46.4 33.4 37.6 10.2 12.1 Utah .................. 11 5 1,492 375 1.1 1.3 13.3 15.2 18.0 21.1 6.4 9.3 Vermont ............... 3 - 431 - .2 - .2 - 29.9 - 24.8 - Virginia .............. 15 21 2,876 2,812 40.6 48.4 .8 .7 64.7 53.4 14.8 12.4 Washington ............ 29 18 5,992 6,882 2.6 2.3 35.3 7.4 33.7 24.1 12.2 10.5 West Virginia ......... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2.5 - - - 25.7 33.3 15.6 - Wisconsin ............. 76 31 15,874 5,846 4.7 13.1 8.3 6.7 25.1 49.6 12.6 13.0 Wyoming ............... - - - - - - - - - - - - Puerto Rico ........... 14 16 1,830 1,542 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 67.9 40.7 6.0 6.5 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division I IV I I IV I I IV I 1999r 1999r 2000p 1999r 1999r 2000p 1999r 1999r 2000p United States( 1 )..... 1,509 1,625 1,268 277,780 334,676 232,874 252,122 286,538 175,233 Northeast .................. 199 194 206 44,745 31,116 33,299 43,787 40,293 30,544 New England ............ 53 56 50 16,890 12,024 11,317 9,142 8,875 7,435 Middle Atlantic ........ 146 138 156 27,855 19,092 21,982 34,645 31,418 23,109 South ...................... 313 234 263 55,735 45,891 54,997 55,312 42,738 36,958 South Atlantic ......... 139 92 83 24,535 21,909 19,498 21,206 13,437 10,044 East South Central ..... 36 36 71 7,549 5,226 9,755 4,895 4,601 8,723 West South Central ..... 138 106 109 23,651 18,756 25,744 29,211 24,700 18,191 Midwest .................... 480 550 356 69,442 111,373 67,366 61,319 100,522 45,912 East North Central ..... 411 421 291 57,947 85,860 55,225 52,929 78,657 38,166 West North Central ..... 69 129 65 11,495 25,513 12,141 8,390 21,865 7,746 West ....................... 517 647 443 107,858 146,296 77,212 91,704 102,985 61,819 Mountain ............... 51 64 57 6,806 11,368 8,141 7,114 7,705 5,921 Pacific ................ 466 583 386 101,052 134,928 69,071 84,590 95,280 55,898 1 See footnote 1, table 1. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 1999 and 2000 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance State I IV I I IV I I IV I 1999r 1999r 2000p 1999r 1999r 2000p 1999r 1999r 2000p Total( 1 )........... 1,509 1,625 1,268 277,780 334,676 232,874 252,122 286,538 175,233 Alabama ................. 15 15 16 4,161 1,821 1,865 2,738 2,071 1,875 Alaska .................. 4 7 ( 2 ) 334 5,183 ( 2 ) 331 942 ( 2 ) Arizona ................. 9 8 15 1,574 627 2,850 2,197 1,036 1,943 Arkansas ................ 5 10 3 1,167 1,467 310 887 1,424 184 California .............. 415 525 341 90,886 121,277 61,235 77,524 85,181 45,783 Colorado ................ - 18 9 - 2,952 1,500 - 1,867 1,147 Connecticut ............. 8 5 8 6,858 1,369 1,381 1,557 629 1,071 Delaware ................ - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - District of Columbia .... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Florida ................. 43 28 19 6,763 6,553 5,136 6,388 3,487 2,473 Georgia ................. 10 12 8 1,615 1,737 977 1,095 1,680 612 Hawaii .................. 19 7 9 1,737 932 897 1,941 1,199 826 Idaho ................... 12 11 11 1,065 1,538 1,330 1,082 1,176 1,032 Illinois ................ 118 148 90 20,409 35,610 19,084 17,107 26,019 10,098 Indiana ................. 15 27 23 2,232 5,334 3,626 1,777 4,533 2,397 Iowa .................... 7 32 27 642 6,690 3,381 515 6,690 3,381 Kansas .................. 8 8 3 3,933 1,271 246 2,192 1,319 241 Kentucky ................ 14 6 16 2,278 1,435 2,120 1,237 676 1,405 Louisiana ............... 18 7 20 3,586 1,137 1,794 3,654 990 2,037 Maine ................... 9 12 4 2,017 3,412 1,769 1,758 1,607 1,167 Maryland ................ 13 4 4 1,722 380 881 1,317 359 537 Massachusetts ........... 31 35 33 7,491 6,658 6,506 5,369 6,054 4,397 Michigan ................ 140 90 64 14,082 12,994 10,157 15,627 18,957 10,062 Minnesota ............... 21 73 20 2,908 13,211 6,078 2,754 10,792 2,577 Mississippi ............. 4 10 9 767 1,305 3,704 577 961 1,645 Missouri ................ 32 15 9 3,712 3,868 1,742 2,780 2,591 853 Montana ................. ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 461 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 510 ( 2 ) Nebraska ................ - - 4 - - 424 - - 424 Nevada .................. 15 10 10 2,198 1,911 1,098 1,942 1,246 926 New Hampshire ........... 3 - ( 2 ) 300 - ( 2 ) 297 - ( 2 ) New Jersey .............. 24 31 32 9,427 3,832 3,112 5,720 5,504 3,326 New Mexico .............. 10 ( 2 ) 6 1,233 ( 2 ) 538 1,197 ( 2 ) 441 New York ................ 35 41 45 6,687 6,201 5,277 6,659 5,766 5,396 North Carolina .......... 29 22 23 5,909 4,409 4,717 4,813 3,318 2,713 North Dakota ............ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Ohio .................... 98 80 83 12,551 16,692 11,748 11,663 13,274 9,763 Oklahoma ................ 7 ( 2 ) 6 2,169 ( 2 ) 805 2,154 ( 2 ) 805 Oregon .................. 18 15 17 2,955 2,184 2,289 2,776 1,966 2,289 Pennsylvania ............ 87 66 79 11,741 9,059 13,593 22,266 20,148 14,387 Rhode Island ............ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,376 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 594 South Carolina .......... 14 6 6 1,692 669 561 2,837 870 689 South Dakota ............ - - - - - - - - - Tennessee ............... 3 5 30 343 665 2,066 343 893 3,798 Texas ................... 108 87 80 16,729 15,891 22,835 22,516 22,025 15,165 Utah .................... ( 2 ) 11 5 ( 2 ) 2,712 760 ( 2 ) 1,492 375 Vermont ................. - 3 - - 431 - - 431 - Virginia ................ 26 15 21 5,989 7,225 6,920 4,356 2,876 2,812 Washington .............. 10 29 18 5,140 5,352 4,532 2,018 5,992 6,882 West Virginia ........... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Wisconsin ............... 40 76 31 8,673 15,230 10,610 6,755 15,874 5,846 Wyoming ................. ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - Puerto Rico ............. 19 14 16 2,829 1,344 2,780 3,492 1,830 1,542 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero.