TEXT Table 1. Nonfatal occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry Table 2. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, 1992 Table 2. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, 1992 - Continued Table 3. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry division and Table 4. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry, 1992 Table 4. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry, 1992 - Continued Table 4. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry, 1992 - Continued Table 5. Nonfatal occupational injuries: number of cases and incidence rates, per 100 full-time workers 1, Table 6. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full- Table 7. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time USDL-93-553 Technical information: E. Jackson (202) 606-6180 Media contact: FOR RELEASE: 10 a.m. EST K. Hoyle (202) 606-5902 Wednesday, December 15, l993 WORKPLACE INJURIES AND ILLNESSES IN 1992 A total of 6.8 million injuries and illnesses was reported in private industry workplaces during 1992, occurring at a rate of about 9 cases for every 100 equivalent full-time workers. The rate varied by industry, ranging from 13 injuries and illnesses for every 100 full-time construction workers to 3 per 100 full- time workers in finance, insurance, and real estate, according to initial results from the 20th annual survey of job-related injuries and illnesses by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. The 1992 findings announced today are the second in a series of three releases from BLS's recently redesigned safety and health statistical system. In October 1993, a first release covered work-related fatalities from a new BLS national Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. In spring 1994, a third release will contain new information on the characteristics of workers sustaining serious nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 1992, for example, their occupation, the nature of their injury or illness, and how it happened. The annual survey estimates of the number and frequency (incidence rates) of workplace injuries and illnesses are based on logs kept by private industry employers during the year. These records reflect not only the year's injury and illness experience but also the employer's understanding of which cases are work related under current recordkeeping guidelines of the U.S. Department of Labor. The number of injuries and illnesses reported in any given year also can be influenced by changes in the level of economic activity, working conditions and work practices, worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked. The incidence rate of reported injuries and illnesses rose from 8.4 per 100 full-time workers in 1991 to 8.9 cases per 100 workers in 1992. Since 1980, such rates have fluctuated within a broad range of about 7.5 to 9.0. - 2 - 1992 Results Of the 6.8 million nonfatal injuries and illnesses, 6.3 million were injuries that resulted in lost worktime, medical treatment other than first aid, loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or transfer to another job. The remainder of these private industry cases (about 450,000) were work-related illnesses. (For information on work-related fatalities, see the section, "Occupational Fatalities".) Other findings on 1992 nonfatal injuries and illnesses follow: * Nearly 3 million injuries and illnesses were serious enough to require recuperation away from work, to restrict duties at work, or both (table 2). * Manufacturing accounted for about two-thirds of all newly reported occupational illnesses (table 2). A majority of workplace illnesses were disorders associated with repeated trauma (about 282,000), such as carpal tunnel syndrome. (See "Background of the Survey" for limitations on kinds of illnesses reported.) * Injury rates were higher for mid-size establishments (with 50 to 500 workers) than for the smallest and the largest groupings (table 3). This pattern varied somewhat by industry division. * Injury rates can vary widely among individual industries sharing the same broad industrial activity. Rates in manufacturing, for example, ranged from about 16 per 100 full-time workers in primary metal industries to less than 5 per 100 workers in instruments and related products industries (table 4). * Eight industries, each having at least 100,000 injuries, accounted for about 1.8 million injuries, or 30 percent of the 6.3 million total (table 5). * After declining in 1990-91, the incidence rate of reported injuries and illnesses rose from 8.4 per 100 full-time workers in 1991 to 8.9 per 100 full- time workers in 1992 (table 6). Almost all of the 1991-92 rise in injury and illness rates reflected an increase in cases that did not involve lost worktime or restricted work activity. - 3 - * Trade, finance, and services industries together accounted for almost all of the 1991-92 increase in injury and illness rates (table 7). Occupational Fatalities The 1992 survey measures nonfatal injuries and illnesses only. Past BLS Surveys of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses covered both fatal and nonfatal incidents. Work-related fatalities cannot be measured accurately through a sample survey of this size (250,000 establishments) because of their relatively rare occurrence. To better address this basic element of workplace safety, BLS implemented the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Nationwide results of the 1992 fatality census were released on October 1. In 1992, the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries identified 6,083 fatally injured workers of which about 4,200 were private wage and salary workers sharing the same scope as the annual survey whose results are reported in this release. The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries is broader in scope than the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, for example, it includes self- employed and government employees. On the other hand, the Census does not include information on job-related illnesses which are fatal. Because work-related fatalities accounted for approximately 4,200 of the 6.8 million injuries and illnesses, the inclusion of fatalities in the survey estimates would marginally affect the incidence rates. Background of the Survey The Bureau of Labor Statistics, in response to recommendations by the National Academy of Sciences, redesigned its Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses. The 1992 survey is the first under the new format. In addition to the summary injury and illness data gathered in past years, the new survey will provide details on the more seriously injured and ill workers (occupations, age, gender, race, and length of service) and on the circumstances of their injuries and illnesses (nature of the injury/illness, part of body affected, event or exposure, and primary and secondary sources of the injury/illness). "More seriously" is defined in this survey as involving days away from work. This new information is scheduled for release in spring 1994. The survey continues to measure the number of new work-related illness cases which are recognized, diagnosed, and reported during the year. Some conditions, e.g., long-term latent illnesses caused by exposure to carcinogens, often are difficult to relate to the workplace and are not adequately recognized and reported. These long- term latent illnesses are believed to be understated in the survey's - 4 - illness measures. In contrast, the overwhelming majority of the reported new illnesses are those which are easier to directly relate to workplace activity (e.g., contact dermatitis or carpal tunnel syndrome). The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a Federal/ State program (50/50 funded) in which employer reports are collected from about 250,000 private industry establishments and processed by State agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational injury and illness data for coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for railroad activities were provided by the Department of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Department of Transportation's Federal Railroad Administration. The survey excludes the self-employed; farmers with fewer than 11 employees; private households; and employees in federal, state, and local government agencies. The survey estimates of occupational injuries and illnesses are based on a scientifically selected probability sample, rather than a census of the entire population. These sample-based estimates may differ from the results which would be obtained from a census of the population. The sample used was one of many possible samples, each of which could have produced different estimates. The variation in the sample estimates across all possible samples that could have been drawn is measured by the standard error. For example, the 1992 incidence rate for all occupational injuries and illnesses of 8.9 per 100 full-time workers in private industry has an estimated relative standard error of about 0.5 percent or less than 0.1 percentage point. A relative standard error was calculated for each estimate from the survey and will be published in a BLS bulletin that will be available in the summer of 1994. The data also are subject to nonsampling error. The inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample, mistakes in recording or coding the data, and definitional difficulties are examples of nonsampling error in the survey. Nonsampling errors are not measured. However, BLS has implemented quality assurance procedures to reduce nonsampling error in the survey. - 5 - ________________________________________________________ | | | Note on Injury and Illness Severity | | | | Since 1972, BLS has published limited measures of | | severity for lost workday injuries and illnesses. | | These included the total number of lost workdays and | | the lost workday incidence rate per 100 full-time | | workers. Although employer reports include a pre- | | diction of future lost worktime for injured and ill | | workers who have not returned to regular work | | activity by the end of the survey year, BLS is | | unable to verify the accuracy of these estimates. | | Therefore, beginning with the 1992 data, BLS has | | suspended publication of the existing series on the | | number of lost workdays and the lost workday | | incidence rate. These series will be available by | | request beginning in March 1994 for users desiring | | comparisons with estimates for previous years. | | | | Bureau researchers have started to look for | | alternative ways of measuring injury and illness | | severity. One such method uses new information | | from the redesigned survey for individual cases | | involving days away from work to tabulate the median | | number of lost workdays for groups of workers | | sustaining similar work disabilities, for example, | | back injuries. This approach can also identify the | | number of cases by their duration, for example, back | | injuries resulting in 30 days away from work or more. | | Information of this type will be available in the | | spring 1994 news release by industry division, | | worker demographics, and characteristics of the days | | away from work cases. | |_______________________________________________________| Table 1. Nonfatal occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry division, 1992 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Lost workday cases | __________________________________| Cases Industry division | Total | | | without lost | cases | | With | workdays | | Total 2 | days away | | | | from work 3 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | Private industry 4..........| 8.9 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 5.0 | | | | Agriculture, forestry, and | | | | fishing 4......................| 11.6 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 6.2 Mining 5..........................| 7.3 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 Construction......................| 13.1 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 7.3 Manufacturing.....................| 12.5 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 7.1 Durable goods..................| 13.4 | 5.5 | 3.7 | 7.9 Nondurable goods...............| 11.3 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 6.0 Transportation and public | | | | utilities 5....................| 9.1 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 4.0 Wholesale and retail trade........| 8.4 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 4.9 Wholesale trade................| 7.6 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.9 Retail trade...................| 8.7 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 5.3 Finance, insurance, and real | | | | estate.........................| 2.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.7 Services..........................| 7.1 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 4.2 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000, where N = number of injuries and illnesses EH = total hours worked by all employees during calendar year 200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). 2 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work activity. 3 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 4 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 5 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals. Table 2. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, 1992 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Lost workday cases | ________________________________ Cases | Total | | | without lost Industry division | cases | | With | workdays | (000's) | Total (1) | days away | (000's) | | (000's) | from work (2) | _________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | INJURIES AND ILLNESSES | | | | | | | | | | | | Private industry 3 ......| 6,799.4 | 2,953.4 | 2,331.1 | 3,846.0 | | | | Agriculture, forestry, and | | | | fishing 3 ..................| 115.6 | 54.0 | 47.1 | 61.6 Mining 4 ......................| 47.2 | 26.1 | 23.0 | 21.1 Construction....................| 519.9 | 230.4 | 209.6 | 289.5 Manufacturing...................| 2,213.2 | 953.6 | 623.6 | 1,259.6 Durable goods................| 1,356.0 | 553.5 | 370.6 | 802.5 Nondurable goods.............| 857.1 | 400.1 | 253.0 | 457.1 Transportation and public | | | | utilities 4 ................| 487.7 | 272.7 | 224.7 | 215.0 Wholesale and retail trade......| 1,681.5 | 698.3 | 590.1 | 983.2 Wholesale trade..............| 436.6 | 210.4 | 172.7 | 226.2 Retail trade.................| 1,244.9 | 487.9 | 417.4 | 757.0 Finance, insurance, and real | | | | estate.......................| 173.7 | 71.1 | 60.4 | 102.7 Services........................| 1,560.5 | 647.2 | 552.7 | 913.4 | | | | INJURIES | | | | | | | | | | | | Private industry 3 ......| 6,342.0 | 2,776.1 | 2,226.0 | 3,565.9 | | | | Agriculture, forestry, and | | | | fishing 3 ..................| 109.4 | 52.3 | 45.7 | 57.2 Mining 4 ......................| 45.3 | 25.6 | 22.5 | 19.7 Construction....................| 509.5 | 226.8 | 206.4 | 282.6 Manufacturing...................| 1,920.8 | 833.7 | 565.9 | 1,087.1 Durable goods................| 1,184.1 | 488.9 | 336.8 | 695.2 Nondurable goods.............| 736.7 | 344.8 | 229.0 | 391.9 Transportation and public | | | | utilities 4 ................| 471.0 | 266.1 | 219.3 | 204.9 Wholesale and retail trade......| 1,637.6 | 682.0 | 577.0 | 955.5 Wholesale trade..............| 423.0 | 205.3 | 169.0 | 217.7 Retail trade.................| 1,214.6 | 476.7 | 407.9 | 737.9 Finance, insurance, and real | | | | estate.......................| 157.7 | 64.4 | 55.6 | 93.2 Services........................| 1,490.7 | 625.1 | 533.5 | 865.6 _________________________________________________________________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. Table 2. Number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, by industry division, 1992 - Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Lost workday cases | _____________________________________ Cases | Total | | | without lost Industry division | cases | | With | workdays | (000's) | Total (1) | days away | (000's) | | (000's) | from work (2) | | | | (000's) | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | ILLNESSES | | | | | | | | | | | | Private industry 3 .....| 457.4 | 177.3 | 105.1 | 280.1 | | | | Agriculture, forestry, and | | | | fishing 3 .................| 6.2 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 4.4 Mining 4 .....................| 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.4 Construction...................| 10.5 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 6.9 Manufacturing..................| 292.3 | 119.9 | 57.7 | 172.5 Durable goods...............| 171.9 | 64.6 | 33.7 | 107.3 Nondurable goods............| 120.4 | 55.2 | 23.9 | 65.2 Transportation and public | | | | utilities 4 ...............| 16.7 | 6.6 | 5.3 | 10.0 Wholesale and retail trade.....| 43.9 | 16.2 | 13.2 | 27.7 Wholesale trade.............| 13.6 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 8.6 Retail trade................| 30.3 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 19.2 Finance, insurance, and real | | | | estate......................| 16.1 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 9.4 Services.......................| 69.8 | 22.1 | 19.2 | 47.7 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work activity. 2 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 4 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals. Table 3. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry division and employment size, 1992 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Establishment employment size (workers) _______________________________________________________________ Industry division | | | | | | | | | 1 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 250 | 500 | 1,000 | 2,500 | to | to | to | to | to | to | to | or | 19 | 49 | 99 | 249 | 499 | 999 | 2,499 | more ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Private industry 2..........| 4.3 | 8.3 | 10.0 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.4 | | | | | | | | Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2| 8.3 | 10.7 | 12.5 | 13.1 | 13.1 | 12.5 | - | - | | | | | | | | Mining 3............................| 6.1 | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 5.2 | - | - | | | | | | | | Construction........................| 9.8 | 15.9 | 16.4 | 14.4 | 12.1 | 10.5 | 6.6 | 2.5 | | | | | | | | Manufacturing.......................| 7.6 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 12.5 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 10.1 | | | | | | | | Durable goods....................| 9.3 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 13.5 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 11.3 | | | | | | | | Nondurable goods.................| 4.9 | 9.6 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 5.9 | | | | | | | | Transportation and public utilities | | | | | | | | 3................................| 5.6 | 9.1 | 11.5 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 9.7 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | Wholesale and retail trade..........| 3.8 | 8.1 | 9.7 | 11.3 | 11.7 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 10.7 | | | | | | | | Wholesale trade.................| 4.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 8.9 | - | - | | | | | | | | Retail trade....................| 3.7 | 8.2 | 9.9 | 11.8 | 12.3 | 10.7 | - | - | | | | | | | | Finance, insurance, and real estate.| 2.4 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | | | | | | | | Services............................| 2.5 | 5.2 | 8.0 | 10.9 | 8.9 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 7.7 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) X 200,000, where N = number of injuries EH = total hours worked by all employees during calendar year 200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). 2 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. NOTE: Dashes '-' indicate data that are not available or data that do not meet publication guidelines. Table 4. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry, 1992 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Lost workday cases | | | | |___________________________| | | Annual | | | | Industry 2 | SIC | average | Total | | |Cases without | code 3 | employment 4| cases | | With |lost workdays | | (000's) | | Total 7 | days away | | | | | | from work 8 | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Private industry 5................| | 90,459.6 | 8.3 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 4.7 | | | | | Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.....| | 1,224.3 | 11.0 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 5.7 | | | | | | Agricultural production 5..............| 01-02 | n.a. | 11.5 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 6.2 Agricultural services..................| 07 | n.a. | 10.7 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 5.4 Forestry...............................| 08 | n.a. | 10.6 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 6.1 | | | | | | Mining 6.................................| | 631.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.1 | | | | | | Metal mining 6.........................| 10 | 53.2 | 5.8 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 2.6 Coal mining 6..........................| 12 | 125.5 | 11.8 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 4.1 Oil and gas extraction.................| 13 | 350.3 | 5.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.9 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 6...| 14 | 101.5 | 6.3 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 2.6 | | | | | | Construction.............................| | 4,471.0 | 12.9 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 7.1 | | | | | | General building contractors...........| 15 | 1,063.8 | 12.0 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 6.7 Heavy construction, except building....| 16 | 711.2 | 11.9 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 6.5 Special trade contractors..............| 17 | 2,696.0 | 13.5 | 6.0 | 5.5 | 7.5 | | | | | | Manufacturing............................| | 18,040.0 | 10.8 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 6.1 | | | | | | Durable goods..........................| | 10,237.0 | 11.7 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 6.9 | | | | | | Lumber and wood products.............| 24 | 674.4 | 15.6 | 7.3 | 5.8 | 8.3 Furniture and fixtures...............| 25 | 476.1 | 13.5 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 7.5 Stone, clay, and glass products......| 32 | 512.0 | 12.7 | 5.7 | 4.2 | 7.0 Primary metal industries.............| 33 | 693.4 | 16.1 | 6.7 | 4.6 | 9.4 Fabricated metal products............| 34 | 1,322.3 | 15.4 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 9.3 Industrial machinery and equipment...| 35 | 1,922.4 | 10.1 | 3.8 | 2.8 | 6.3 Electronic and other electric | | | | | | equipment..........................| 36 | 1,525.7 | 6.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 3.9 Transportation equipment.............| 37 | 1,822.2 | 14.8 | 5.9 | 3.6 | 8.9 Instruments and related products.....| 38 | 924.6 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.6 Miscellaneous manufacturing | | | | | | industries.........................| 39 | 363.4 | 9.3 | 4.2 | 2.9 | 5.1 | | | | | | Nondurable goods.......................| | 7,804.0 | 9.7 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 5.2 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry, 1992 - Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Lost workday cases | | | | |___________________________| | | Annual | | | | Industry 2 | SIC | average | Total | | |Cases without | code 3 | employment 4| cases | | With |lost workdays | | (000's) | | Total 7 | days away | | | | | | from work 8 | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | Food and kindred products............| 20 | 1,654.8 | 15.4 | 7.8 | 5.1 | 7.6 Tobacco products.....................| 21 | 48.8 | 5.8 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 3.4 Textile mill products................| 22 | 671.4 | 8.6 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 4.8 Apparel and other textile products...| 23 | 1,005.0 | 7.5 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 4.4 Paper and allied products............| 26 | 687.3 | 10.2 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 5.5 Printing and publishing..............| 27 | 1,503.8 | 6.7 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 3.8 Chemicals and allied products........| 28 | 1,082.7 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 2.7 Petroleum and coal products..........| 29 | 158.9 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 2.8 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics | | | | | | products...........................| 30 | 871.9 | 13.3 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 7.1 Leather and leather products.........| 31 | 119.4 | 9.7 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 5.5 | | | | | | Transportation and public utilities 6....| | 5,709.0 | 8.8 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.8 | | | | | | Railroad transportation 6..............| 40 | 254.4 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 1.4 Local and interurban passenger transit.| 41 | 359.2 | 10.7 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 4.9 Trucking and warehousing...............| 42 | 1,605.9 | 13.2 | 7.8 | 6.5 | 5.4 Water transportation...................| 44 | 173.3 | 11.1 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.7 Transportation by air..................| 45 | 729.0 | 13.3 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 6.0 Pipelines, except natural gas..........| 46 | 19.0 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 Transportation services................| 47 | 345.5 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.7 Communications.........................| 48 | 1,267.5 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 Electric, gas, and sanitary services...| 49 | 954.7 | 7.2 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 3.6 | | | | | | Wholesale and retail trade...............| | 25,391.0 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 4.8 | | | | | | Wholesale trade........................| | 6,045.0 | 7.3 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.8 | | | | | | Wholesale trade--durable goods.......| 50 | 3,469.0 | 6.6 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 3.7 Wholesale trade--nondurable goods....| 51 | 2,576.0 | 8.3 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.8 | | | | | | Retail trade...........................| | 19,346.0 | 8.5 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 5.2 | | | | | | Building materials and garden | | | | | | supplies...........................| 52 | 761.7 | 11.0 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 6.0 General merchandise stores...........| 53 | 2,422.2 | 10.2 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 5.5 Food stores..........................| 54 | 3,179.5 | 11.6 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 7.0 Automotive dealers and service | | | | | | stations...........................| 55 | 1,973.9 | 7.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 5.0 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. Table 4. Nonfatal occupational injury incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry, 1992 - Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Lost workday cases | | | | |___________________________ | | Annual | | | | Industry 2 | SIC | average | Total | | |Cases without | code 3 | employment 4| cases | | With |lost workdays | | (000's) | | Total 7 | days away | | | | | | from work 8 | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Apparel and accessory stores.........| 56 | 1,131.0 | 4.2 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 2.7 Furniture and homefurnishings stores.| 57 | 806.2 | 5.7 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 3.1 Eating and drinking places...........| 58 | 6,601.7 | 8.9 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 5.9 Miscellaneous retail.................| 59 | 2,470.2 | 4.8 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.7 | | | | | | Finance, insurance and real estate.......| | 6,571.0 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.6 | | | | | | Depository institutions................| 60 | 2,103.3 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 Nondepository institutions.............| 61 | 395.0 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 Security and commodity brokers.........| 62 | 438.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 Insurance agents, brokers, and service.| 64 | 652.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 Real estate............................| 65 | 1,282.0 | 6.5 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | | | | | | Services.................................| | 28,422.3 | 6.8 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 4.0 | | | | | | Hotels and other lodging places........| 70 | 1,572.0 | 10.9 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 6.2 Personal services......................| 72 | 1,111.4 | 4.8 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.7 Business services......................| 73 | 5,312.6 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 Auto repair, services, and parking.....| 75 | 877.9 | 7.5 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 4.4 Miscellaneous repair services..........| 76 | 344.9 | 8.5 | 3.8 | 3.3 | 4.7 Amusement and recreation services......| 79 | 1,169.4 | 9.8 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 5.5 Health services........................| 80 | 8,523.3 | 9.7 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 5.7 Legal services.........................| 81 | 915.2 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6 Educational services...................| 82 | 1,699.5 | 5.4 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 3.8 Social services........................| 83 | 1,958.0 | 7.8 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 4.5 Museums, botanical, zoological gardens.| 84 | 72.9 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 4.3 Engineering and management services....| 87 | 2,469.4 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.3 Services, n.e.c........................| 89 | 41.6 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.7 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) X 200,000, where N = number of injuries EH = total hours worked by all employees during calendar year 200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). 2 Totals for divisions include data for industries not shown separately. 3 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition. 4 Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived primarily from the BLS-State Current Employment Statistics program. Annual average employment for the agriculture, forestry, and fishing division is a composite of employment data for agricultural production (SIC's 01 and 02) as obtained from the Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and employment data for agricultural services (SIC 07); forestry (SIC 08); and fishing, hunting, and trapping (SIC 09) as obtained from State unemployment insurance programs. 5 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 6 Data conforming to OSHA definitions for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. 7 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work activity. 8 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals. n.a. = data not available. n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. Table 5. Nonfatal occupational injuries: number of cases and incidence rates, per 100 full-time workers 1, for industries with 100,000 or more injury cases, 1992 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | SIC | Total | Incidence Industry | code 2 | cases | rate | | (000's) | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Eating and drinking places............| 581 | 387.8 | 8.9 | | | Hospitals.............................| 806 | 341.1 | 11.2 | | | Grocery stores........................| 541 | 252.8 | 12.3 | | | Nursing and personal care facilities..| 805 | 224.5 | 18.2 | | | Trucking and courier services, except | | | air................................| 421 | 191.0 | 13.3 | | | Department stores.....................| 531 | 153.8 | 10.4 | | | Motor vehicles and equipment..........| 371 | 147.2 | 18.3 | | | Hotels and motels.....................| 701 | 131.9 | 11.0 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Incidence rates represent the number of injuries per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000, where N = number of injuries EH = total hours worked by all employees during calendar year 200,000 = base for 100 equivalent full-time workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). 2 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition. Table 6. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full- time workers 1, 1973-92 2 _____________________________________________________________________ | Injuries and illnesses | Injuries _____________________________ _____________________________ | | Lost workday | | | Lost workday | | | cases | | | cases | _______________ ________________ | | | With |Nonfatal| | | With |Nonfatal Year |Total| | days | cases |Total| | days | cases |cases| Total 3| away |without |cases| Total 3| away |without | | | from | lost | | | from | lost | | |work 4|workdays| | |work 4|workdays _____________________________________________________________________ 1973.. | 11.0| 3.4 | - | 7.5 | 10.6| 3.3 | - | 7.3 1974.. | 10.4| 3.5 | - | 6.9 | 10.0| 3.4 | - | 6.6 1975.. | 9.1| 3.3 | 3.2 | 5.8 | 8.8| 3.2 | 3.1 | 5.6 1976.. | 9.2| 3.5 | 3.3 | 5.7 | 8.9| 3.4 | 3.2 | 5.5 1977.. | 9.3| 3.8 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 9.0| 3.7 | 3.5 | 5.3 1978 5.| 9.4| 4.1 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 9.2| 4.0 | 3.7 | 5.2 1979 5.| 9.5| 4.3 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 9.2| 4.2 | 3.9 | 5.0 1980...| 8.7| 4.0 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 8.5| 3.9 | 3.6 | 4.6 1981...| 8.3| 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 8.1| 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.4 1982...| 7.7| 3.5 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 7.6| 3.4 | 3.2 | 4.1 1983 5.| 7.6| 3.4 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 7.5| 3.4 | 3.1 | 4.1 1984 5.| 8.0| 3.7 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 7.8| 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 1985...| 7.9| 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 7.7| 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 1986...| 7.9| 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 7.7| 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 1987...| 8.3| 3.8 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 8.0| 3.7 | 3.3 | 4.3 1988...| 8.6| 4.0 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 8.3| 3.8 | 3.4 | 4.4 1989...| 8.6| 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 8.2| 3.9 | 3.3 | 4.4 1990...| 8.8| 4.1 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 8.3| 3.9 | 3.3 | 4.5 1991...| 8.4| 3.9 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 7.9| 3.7 | 3.1 | 4.2 1992 6.| 8.9| 3.9 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 8.3| 3.6 | 2.9 | 4.7 _____________________________________________________________________ 1 The incidence rates historical comparability with represent the number of injuries the rest of the series, data for and illnesses per 100 full-time small nonfarm employers in low- workers and were calculated as: risk industries who were not (N/EH) x 200,000, where surveyed were imputed and included in the survey N = number of estimates. injuries and illnesses EH = total hours 6 Data for 1992 exclude worked by all employees fatal work-related injuries and during calendar year illnesses. Because fatalities 200,000 = base for 100 account for about 4,200 of the equivalent full-time workers 6.8 million cases, the inclusion (working 40 hours per week, 50 of fatalities in the survey weeks per year). estimates would marginally impact the rates. 2 Data for 1973-75 are based on the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1967 NOTE: Data for 1976-92 Edition; data for 1976-1987 are exclude farms with fewer than 11 based on the Standard Industrial employees. Dashes '-' indicate Classification Manual, 1972 data that are not available or Edition; and data for 1988-92 data that do not meet are based on the Standard publication guidelines. Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 Edition. 3 Total includes cases involving restricted work activity only in addition to days-away-from-work cases with or without restricted work activity. 4 Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 5 To maintain Table 7. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1, by industry division, 1990-92 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lost workday cases ------------------------------- Industry division Total cases Total 2 With days away Nonfatal cases from work 3 without lost workdays ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1990 1991 1992 1990 1991 1992 1990 1991 1992 1990 1991 1992 4 4 4 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Private Industry 5 8.8 8.4 8.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.2 3.0 4.7 4.5 5.0 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5 11.6 10.8 11.6 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.4 4.8 4.7 5.7 5.3 6.2 Mining 6 8.3 7.4 7.3 5.0 4.5 4.1 4.5 4.0 3.6 3.3 2.8 3.3 Construction 14.2 13.0 13.1 6.7 6.1 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.3 7.5 6.9 7.3 Manufacturing 13.2 12.7 12.5 5.8 5.6 5.4 4.2 3.9 3.5 7.3 7.1 7.1 Durable goods 14.2 13.6 13.4 6.0 5.7 5.5 4.4 4.0 3.7 8.2 7.9 7.9 Nondurable goods 11.7 11.5 11.3 5.6 5.5 5.3 4.0 3.7 3.3 6.2 6.0 6.0 Transportation and public utilities 6 9.6 9.3 9.1 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 Wholesale and retail trade 7.9 7.6 8.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.0 2.9 4.4 4.1 4.9 Wholesale trade 7.4 7.2 7.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.7 3.6 3.9 Retail trade 8.1 7.7 8.7 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.9 2.9 4.7 4.4 5.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate 2.4 2.4 2.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.7 Services 6.0 6.2 7.1 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.3 4.2 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The incidence rates represent Because fatalities account for about the number of injuries and illnesses 4,200 of the 6.8 million cases, the per 100 full-time workers and were inclusion of fatalities in the survey calculated as: (N/EH) x 200,000 where estimates would marginally impact the estimates. N = number of injuries and illnesses 5 Excludes farms with fewer EH = total hours worked by all than 11 employees. employees during calendar year 200,000 = base for 100 6 Data conforming to OSHA equivalent full-time workers (working definitions for mining operators in 40 hours per week, coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and 50 weeks per year). for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by 2 Total includes cases the Mine Safety and Health involving restricted work activity Administration, U.S. Department of only in addition to days-away-from- Labor; and the Federal Railroad work cases with or without restricted Administration, U.S. Department of work activity. Transportation. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the 3 Days-away-from-work cases coal, metal, and nonmetal mining include those which result in days industries. away from work with or without restricted work activity. NOTE: Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals. 4 Data for 1992 exclude fatal work-related injuries and illnesses.