TEXT Table 1. Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex and race, April-July 1995 Table 2. Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex and race, July 1991-95 Table 3. Employed persons 16 to 24 years of age by industry, class of worker, and race, July 1994-95 Technical information: (202) 606-6378 USDL 95-372 606-6373 Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Friday, September 15, 1995 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG YOUTH--SUMMER 1995 The number of employed youth increased by 2.6 million between April and July--the summertime peak, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This seasonal expansion in employment of 16- to 24-year-olds was slightly smaller than that of a year earlier. The number of unemployed young people also rose between the spring and summer--by 645,000. The unemployment rate for young people in July was the same as a year earlier--12.7 percent. (Because the focus of this analysis is the seasonal change in youth employment and unemployment, the data used for this release are not adjusted for seasonality.) Labor Force Between April and July each year, the number of 16- to 24-year-olds in the labor force--those working or actively looking for work--expands sharply, as large numbers of high school and college students search for summer jobs and recent graduates look for permanent employment. This summer, the increase of 3.3 million was about the same magnitude as in 1994, bringing the youth labor force to 24.1 million in July. (See table 1.) The labor force participation rate for young men in July--the proportion of their population in the labor force--was 79.3 percent, half a percentage point higher than the July 1994 level. The rate for young women (69.3 percent) was little different from a year earlier. (See table 2.) Employment The number of youth employed grew by 2.6 million between April and July of 1995 to a level of 21.0 million. This increase was about 320,000 lower than that in the summer of 1994. (See table 1.) ------------------------------------------------------------ | NOTE: This release provides data on the influx of | |youth into the labor market between the spring and summer | |(table 1). The April-July period is used as the most | |representative time frame to measure the full summertime | |transition from school to work. July is preferable for | |analytical purposes, since it is traditionally the peak | |month of youth employment. | | Information in this release will be made available to | |sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: | |202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral | |phone: 1-800-326-2577. | ------------------------------------------------------------ - 2 - Overall, the proportion of young people in the civilian population who were employed--64.9 percent in July--was little different from a year earlier. Among young men, however, the ratio of 69.6 percent was 1.1 percentage points higher than last year, while the 60.1 percent figure for young women was 0.7 percentage point lower. Employment-population ratios this July were notably lower than a year ago among black youth (down 1.7 percentage points to 46.1 percent) and little different for white youth (69.3 percent). (See table 2.) As in prior years, the vast majority of youth this July--nearly 9 in 10--worked in the private sector, with about 6 in 10 working in the retail trade and services industries. (See table 3.) Unemployment The number of unemployed youth in July (3.1 million) and their unemployment rate (12.7 percent) were the same as the year before. (See table 2.) In contrast, the jobless rate for persons 25 years and over was about half a percentage point lower. Among youth, the unemployment rates were lower in July than a year earlier for men and whites, but were higher among women and blacks. Table 1. Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex and race, April-July 1995 (Numbers in thousands. Data are not seasonally adjusted.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | April-July changes Employment status, sex, and race | April | May | June | July | _________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | Number | Percent | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 32,335 | 32,359 | 32,434 | 32,436 | 101 | 0.3 Civilian labor force...........................| 20,831 | 21,141 | 23,455 | 24,102 | 3,271 | 15.7 Participation rate.......................| 64.4 | 65.3 | 72.3 | 74.3 | 9.9 | 15.4 Employed.....................................| 18,414 | 18,543 | 20,366 | 21,041 | 2,627 | 14.3 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 56.9 | 57.3 | 62.8 | 64.9 | 8.0 | 14.1 Unemployed...................................| 2,417 | 2,598 | 3,089 | 3,062 | 645 | 26.7 Looking for full-time work.................| 1,493 | 1,731 | 2,252 | 2,273 | 780 | 52.2 Looking for part-time work.................| 924 | 867 | 838 | 789 | -135 | -14.6 Unemployment rate..........................| 11.6 | 12.3 | 13.2 | 12.7 | 1.1 | 9.5 Not in labor force.............................| 11,504 | 11,217 | 8,979 | 8,334 | -3,170 | -27.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | Men | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 16,166 | 16,184 | 16,250 | 16,246 | 80 | .5 Civilian labor force...........................| 11,023 | 11,204 | 12,504 | 12,884 | 1,861 | 16.9 Participation rate.......................| 68.2 | 69.2 | 76.9 | 79.3 | 11.1 | 16.3 Employed.....................................| 9,706 | 9,791 | 10,881 | 11,311 | 1,605 | 16.5 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 60.0 | 60.5 | 67.0 | 69.6 | 9.6 | 16.0 Unemployed...................................| 1,317 | 1,413 | 1,623 | 1,573 | 256 | 19.4 Looking for full-time work.................| 885 | 1,000 | 1,250 | 1,219 | 334 | 37.7 Looking for part-time work.................| 432 | 413 | 374 | 354 | -78 | -18.1 Unemployment rate..........................| 11.9 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 12.2 | .3 | 2.5 Not in labor force.............................| 5,143 | 4,980 | 3,746 | 3,363 | -1,780 | -34.6 | | | | | | | | | | | | Women | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 16,169 | 16,175 | 16,184 | 16,190 | 21 | .1 Civilian labor force...........................| 9,808 | 9,937 | 10,951 | 11,219 | 1,411 | 14.4 Participation rate.......................| 60.7 | 61.4 | 67.7 | 69.3 | 8.6 | 14.2 Employed.....................................| 8,708 | 8,752 | 9,485 | 9,730 | 1,022 | 11.7 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 53.9 | 54.1 | 58.6 | 60.1 | 6.2 | 11.5 Unemployed...................................| 1,100 | 1,185 | 1,466 | 1,489 | 389 | 35.4 Looking for full-time work.................| 608 | 732 | 1,002 | 1,054 | 446 | 73.4 Looking for part-time work.................| 492 | 454 | 464 | 435 | -57 | 11.6 Unemployment rate..........................| 11.2 | 11.9 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 2.1 | 18.8 Not in labor force.............................| 6,361 | 6,238 | 5,233 | 4,971 | -1,390 | -21.9 | | | | | | | | | | | | White | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 25,825 | 25,808 | 25,798 | 25,777 | -48 | -.2 Civilian labor force...........................| 17,415 | 17,670 | 19,463 | 19,890 | 2,475 | 14.2 Participation rate.......................| 67.4 | 68.5 | 75.4 | 77.2 | 9.8 | 14.5 Employed.....................................| 15,690 | 15,811 | 17,353 | 17,876 | 2,186 | 13.9 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 60.8 | 61.3 | 67.3 | 69.3 | 8.5 | 14.0 Unemployed...................................| 1,725 | 1,859 | 2,110 | 2,014 | 289 | 16.8 Looking for full-time work.................| 1,067 | 1,206 | 1,497 | 1,454 | 387 | 36.3 Looking for part-time work.................| 658 | 653 | 613 | 559 | -99 | -15.0 Unemployment rate..........................| 9.9 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 10.1 | .2 | 2.0 Not in labor force.............................| 8,410 | 8,138 | 6,336 | 5,887 | -2,523 | -30.0 | | | | | | | | | | | | Black | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 4,844 | 4,826 | 4,832 | 4,834 | -10 | -.2 Civilian labor force...........................| 2,533 | 2,562 | 2,967 | 3,083 | 550 | 21.7 Participation rate.......................| 52.3 | 53.1 | 61.4 | 63.8 | 11.5 | 22.0 Employed.....................................| 1,981 | 1,938 | 2,139 | 2,230 | 249 | 12.6 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 40.9 | 40.1 | 44.3 | 46.1 | 5.2 | 12.7 Unemployed...................................| 553 | 625 | 828 | 852 | 299 | 54.1 Looking for full-time work.................| 348 | 444 | 649 | 667 | 319 | 91.7 Looking for part-time work.................| 205 | 180 | 178 | 186 | -19 | -9.3 Unemployment rate..........................| 21.8 | 24.4 | 27.9 | 27.7 | 5.9 | 27.1 Not in labor force.............................| 2,311 | 2,264 | 1,865 | 1,751 | -560 | -24.2 | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. Table 2. Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex and race, July 1991-95 (Numbers in thousands. Data are not seasonally adjusted.) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Employment status, sex, and race | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 31,172 | 30,880 | 30,814 | 32,579 | 32,436 Civilian labor force...........................| 22,975 | 23,076 | 22,987 | 24,132 | 24,102 Participation rate.......................| 73.7 | 74.7 | 74.6 | 74.1 | 74.3 Employed.....................................| 19,822 | 19,745 | 19,947 | 21,068 | 21,041 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 63.6 | 63.9 | 64.7 | 64.7 | 64.9 Unemployed...................................| 3,152 | 3,331 | 3,039 | 3,064 | 3,062 Looking for full-time work.................| 2,302 | 2,360 | 2,252 | 2,339 | 2,273 Looking for part-time work.................| 850 | 971 | 788 | 725 | 789 Unemployment rate..........................| 13.7 | 14.4 | 13.2 | 12.7 | 12.7 Not in labor force.............................| 8,198 | 7,803 | 7,828 | 8,447 | 8,334 | | | | | | | | | | Men | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 15,443 | 15,302 | 15,298 | 16,292 | 16,246 Civilian labor force...........................| 12,294 | 12,205 | 12,148 | 12,836 | 12,884 Participation rate.......................| 79.6 | 79.8 | 79.4 | 78.8 | 79.3 Employed.....................................| 10,580 | 10,433 | 10,491 | 11,159 | 11,311 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 68.5 | 68.2 | 68.6 | 68.5 | 69.6 Unemployed...................................| 1,714 | 1,772 | 1,657 | 1,676 | 1,573 Looking for full-time work.................| 1,316 | 1,291 | 1,263 | 1,320 | 1,219 Looking for part-time work.................| 399 | 480 | 394 | 356 | 354 Unemployment rate..........................| 13.9 | 14.5 | 13.6 | 13.1 | 12.2 Not in labor force.............................| 3,149 | 3,097 | 3,150 | 3,456 | 3,363 | | | | | | | | | | Women | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 15,729 | 15,577 | 15,516 | 16,287 | 16,190 Civilian labor force...........................| 10,680 | 10,871 | 10,839 | 11,297 | 11,219 Participation rate.......................| 67.9 | 69.8 | 69.9 | 69.4 | 69.3 Employed.....................................| 9,243 | 9,312 | 9,456 | 9,909 | 9,730 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 58.8 | 59.8 | 60.9 | 60.8 | 60.1 Unemployed...................................| 1,438 | 1,559 | 1,383 | 1,388 | 1,489 Looking for full-time work.................| 986 | 1,068 | 989 | 1,019 | 1,054 Looking for part-time work.................| 451 | 491 | 394 | 368 | 435 Unemployment rate..........................| 13.5 | 14.3 | 12.8 | 12.3 | 13.3 Not in labor force.............................| 5,049 | 4,706 | 4,677 | 4,990 | 4,971 | | | | | | | | | | White | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 25,339 | 24,991 | 24,866 | 25,963 | 25,777 Civilian labor force...........................| 19,482 | 19,400 | 19,249 | 20,048 | 19,890 Participation rate.......................| 76.9 | 77.6 | 77.4 | 77.2 | 77.2 Employed.....................................| 17,131 | 17,081 | 17,144 | 17,928 | 17,876 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 67.6 | 68.3 | 68.9 | 69.1 | 69.3 Unemployed...................................| 2,350 | 2,319 | 2,105 | 2,120 | 2,014 Looking for full-time work.................| 1,705 | 1,612 | 1,560 | 1,596 | 1,454 Looking for part-time work.................| 646 | 707 | 545 | 524 | 559 Unemployment rate..........................| 12.1 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 10.1 Not in labor force.............................| 5,857 | 5,591 | 5,616 | 5,915 | 5,887 | | | | | | | | | | Black | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 4,568 | 4,568 | 4,585 | 4,826 | 4,834 Civilian labor force...........................| 2,743 | 2,888 | 2,907 | 3,073 | 3,083 Participation rate.......................| 60.0 | 63.2 | 63.4 | 63.7 | 63.8 Employed.....................................| 2,034 | 2,010 | 2,120 | 2,309 | 2,230 Employment-population ratio 1/...........| 44.5 | 44.0 | 46.2 | 47.8 | 46.1 Unemployed...................................| 708 | 878 | 787 | 764 | 852 Looking for full-time work.................| 538 | 670 | 611 | 634 | 667 Looking for part-time work.................| 171 | 208 | 176 | 130 | 186 Unemployment rate..........................| 25.8 | 30.4 | 27.1 | 24.9 | 27.7 Not in labor force.............................| 1,825 | 1,679 | 1,678 | 1,753 | 1,751 | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Employment as a percent of the civilian information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey noninstitutional population. Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of NOTE: Data for 1994 and 1995 are not directly comparable Employment and Earnings. with data for 1993 and earlier years. For additional Table 3. Employed persons 16 to 24 years of age by industry, class of worker, and race, July 1994-95 (In thousands. Data are not seasonally adjusted.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Total | White | Black Industry and class of workere | | | _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ | | | | | | | 1994 | 1995 | 1994 | 1995 | 1994 | 1995 | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Total employed..............................| 21,068 | 21,041 | 17,928 | 17,876 | 2,309 | 2,230 | | | | | | Agriculture.....................................| 732 | 882 | 685 | 831 | 42 | 17 Nonagricultural industries......................| 20,336 | 20,159 | 17,244 | 17,044 | 2,267 | 2,214 Private wage and salary workers...............| 18,147 | 18,131 | 15,528 | 15,412 | 1,890 | 1,913 Mining......................................| 55 | 42 | 44 | 39 | 8 | 2 Construction................................| 1,035 | 1,157 | 940 | 1,064 | 58 | 60 Manufacturing...............................| 2,240 | 2,274 | 1,926 | 1,876 | 208 | 247 Transportation and public utilities.........| 664 | 701 | 575 | 569 | 64 | 105 Wholesale trade.............................| 626 | 613 | 548 | 547 | 53 | 43 Retail trade................................| 7,278 | 7,224 | 6,222 | 6,119 | 783 | 806 Finance, insurance, and real estate.........| 938 | 894 | 799 | 735 | 100 | 109 Services....................................| 5,311 | 5,228 | 4,474 | 4,463 | 616 | 540 Government....................................| 1,673 | 1,559 | 1,262 | 1,223 | 328 | 269 Federal.....................................| 255 | 204 | 164 | 141 | 63 | 45 State.......................................| 547 | 478 | 425 | 355 | 96 | 104 Local.......................................| 872 | 877 | 673 | 727 | 168 | 119 Self-employed and unpaid family workers.......| 516 | 468 | 454 | 410 | 49 | 32 | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________