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May 2010 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
NAICS 561900 - Other Support Services
These national industry-specific occupational employment and wage estimates are calculated with data collected from employers of all sizes, in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas in every State and the District of Columbia, in NAICS 561900 - Other Support Services.
Additional information, including the hourly and annual 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentile wages, percent of establishments reporting the occupation,
and the employment percent relative standard error, is available in the downloadable XLS files.
NAICS Industry 561900 - Other Support Services is part of: NAICS 561000 - Administrative and Support Services.
Links to OES estimates for other industries
SOC Major Groups in NAICS 561900 - Other Support Services:
- 00-0000 All Occupations
- 11-0000 Management Occupations
- 13-0000 Business and Financial Operations Occupations
- 15-0000 Computer and Mathematical Occupations
- 17-0000 Architecture and Engineering Occupations
- 19-0000 Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations
- 21-0000 Community and Social Service Occupations
- 23-0000 Legal Occupations
- 27-0000 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations
- 29-0000 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations
- 33-0000 Protective Service Occupations
- 35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations
- 37-0000 Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations
- 39-0000 Personal Care and Service Occupations
- 41-0000 Sales and Related Occupations
- 43-0000 Office and Administrative Support Occupations
- 45-0000 Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations
- 47-0000 Construction and Extraction Occupations
- 49-0000 Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations
- 51-0000 Production Occupations
- 53-0000 Transportation and Material Moving Occupations
NAICS 561900 - Other Support Services
| All Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 00-0000 |
All Occupations |
275,340 |
100.00% |
$14.30 |
$18.96 |
$39,440 |
1.3 % |
| |
| Management Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 11-0000 |
Management Occupations |
12,720 |
4.62% |
$44.35 |
$51.57 |
$107,260 |
1.2 % |
| 11-1011 |
Chief Executives |
660 |
0.24% |
(5) |
$87.40 |
$181,780 |
3.1 % |
| 11-1021 |
General and Operations Managers |
6,450 |
2.34% |
$41.89 |
$50.07 |
$104,160 |
1.4 % |
| 11-2011 |
Advertising and Promotions Managers |
50 |
0.02% |
$49.69 |
$49.29 |
$102,530 |
9.3 % |
| 11-2021 |
Marketing Managers |
510 |
0.19% |
$40.97 |
$46.04 |
$95,760 |
2.6 % |
| 11-2022 |
Sales Managers |
1,040 |
0.38% |
$41.40 |
$52.68 |
$109,570 |
4.2 % |
| 11-2031 |
Public Relations and Fundraising Managers |
50 |
0.02% |
$46.08 |
$47.76 |
$99,340 |
9.9 % |
| 11-3011 |
Administrative Services Managers |
740 |
0.27% |
$34.01 |
$37.92 |
$78,880 |
2.7 % |
| 11-3021 |
Computer and Information Systems Managers |
430 |
0.16% |
$56.77 |
$58.34 |
$121,340 |
3.8 % |
| 11-3031 |
Financial Managers |
700 |
0.25% |
$51.22 |
$55.29 |
$115,000 |
3.1 % |
| 11-3051 |
Industrial Production Managers |
270 |
0.10% |
$41.43 |
$45.62 |
$94,880 |
4.6 % |
| 11-3061 |
Purchasing Managers |
100 |
0.04% |
$43.16 |
$44.77 |
$93,130 |
3.9 % |
| 11-3071 |
Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers |
170 |
0.06% |
$37.29 |
$38.70 |
$80,490 |
4.0 % |
| 11-3121 |
Human Resources Managers |
80 |
0.03% |
$47.13 |
$50.90 |
$105,870 |
8.5 % |
| 11-3131 |
Training and Development Managers |
90 |
0.03% |
$31.04 |
$31.77 |
$66,090 |
4.5 % |
| 11-9021 |
Construction Managers |
(8) |
(8) |
$30.68 |
$28.06 |
$58,370 |
17.7 % |
| 11-9041 |
Architectural and Engineering Managers |
70 |
0.03% |
$59.92 |
$57.11 |
$118,790 |
5.2 % |
| 11-9111 |
Medical and Health Services Managers |
50 |
0.02% |
$42.88 |
$48.65 |
$101,200 |
7.9 % |
| |
| Business and Financial Operations Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 13-0000 |
Business and Financial Operations Occupations |
22,210 |
8.07% |
$27.54 |
$30.07 |
$62,540 |
2.3 % |
| 13-1022 |
Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products |
320 |
0.12% |
$19.11 |
$21.70 |
$45,140 |
5.7 % |
| 13-1023 |
Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products |
570 |
0.21% |
$25.26 |
$27.30 |
$56,780 |
3.6 % |
| 13-1041 |
Compliance Officers |
250 |
0.09% |
$24.95 |
$27.21 |
$56,590 |
3.8 % |
| 13-1051 |
Cost Estimators |
140 |
0.05% |
$29.38 |
$30.35 |
$63,130 |
2.2 % |
| 13-1078 |
Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other* |
620 |
0.23% |
$25.80 |
$28.60 |
$59,480 |
5.2 % |
| 13-1081 |
Logisticians |
170 |
0.06% |
$28.06 |
$29.70 |
$61,770 |
4.6 % |
| 13-1111 |
Management Analysts |
1,300 |
0.47% |
$31.95 |
$42.37 |
$88,120 |
10.8 % |
| 13-1121 |
Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners* |
6,850 |
2.49% |
$21.90 |
$24.76 |
$51,490 |
2.7 % |
| 13-1141 |
Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists |
80 |
0.03% |
$32.68 |
$33.93 |
$70,580 |
6.5 % |
| 13-1151 |
Training and Development Specialists |
700 |
0.25% |
$20.73 |
$23.66 |
$49,210 |
3.4 % |
| 13-1161 |
Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists* |
850 |
0.31% |
$23.46 |
$28.93 |
$60,180 |
4.8 % |
| 13-1199 |
Business Operations Specialists, All Other* |
7,730 |
2.81% |
$32.67 |
$33.55 |
$69,780 |
2.7 % |
| 13-2011 |
Accountants and Auditors |
2,110 |
0.77% |
$28.74 |
$30.46 |
$63,360 |
4.8 % |
| 13-2031 |
Budget Analysts |
40 |
0.01% |
$42.05 |
$41.67 |
$86,660 |
4.5 % |
| 13-2051 |
Financial Analysts |
260 |
0.09% |
$43.29 |
$43.10 |
$89,640 |
3.2 % |
| 13-2099 |
Financial Specialists, All Other |
120 |
0.04% |
$27.14 |
$27.97 |
$58,180 |
8.2 % |
| |
| Computer and Mathematical Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 15-0000 |
Computer and Mathematical Occupations |
6,180 |
2.24% |
$33.93 |
$34.76 |
$72,310 |
1.9 % |
| 15-1121 |
Computer Systems Analysts |
420 |
0.15% |
$36.04 |
$37.32 |
$77,620 |
3.7 % |
| 15-1131 |
Computer Programmers |
1,600 |
0.58% |
$36.14 |
$36.90 |
$76,760 |
2.3 % |
| 15-1132 |
Software Developers, Applications |
330 |
0.12% |
$38.03 |
$39.89 |
$82,980 |
4.2 % |
| 15-1133 |
Software Developers, Systems Software |
1,270 |
0.46% |
$37.22 |
$38.22 |
$79,500 |
3.4 % |
| 15-1141 |
Database Administrators |
280 |
0.10% |
$33.15 |
$33.78 |
$70,270 |
2.5 % |
| 15-1142 |
Network and Computer Systems Administrators* |
540 |
0.20% |
$36.78 |
$37.33 |
$77,650 |
4.2 % |
| 15-1150 |
Computer Support Specialists |
1,100 |
0.40% |
$21.66 |
$24.18 |
$50,290 |
3.8 % |
| 15-1179 |
Information Security Analysts, Web Developers, and Computer Network Architects |
390 |
0.14% |
$36.28 |
$37.27 |
$77,510 |
4.8 % |
| 15-1799 |
Computer Occupations, All Other* |
140 |
0.05% |
$25.50 |
$29.04 |
$60,390 |
4.8 % |
| 15-2031 |
Operations Research Analysts |
40 |
0.01% |
$29.99 |
$32.16 |
$66,900 |
6.9 % |
| 15-2041 |
Statisticians |
80 |
0.03% |
$31.16 |
$33.41 |
$69,480 |
6.0 % |
| |
| Architecture and Engineering Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 17-0000 |
Architecture and Engineering Occupations |
1,530 |
0.56% |
$28.01 |
$30.89 |
$64,240 |
4.4 % |
| 17-1022 |
Surveyors |
80 |
0.03% |
$24.13 |
$24.04 |
$50,010 |
2.3 % |
| 17-2051 |
Civil Engineers |
60 |
0.02% |
$33.32 |
$36.01 |
$74,890 |
9.4 % |
| 17-2072 |
Electronics Engineers, Except Computer |
90 |
0.03% |
$47.99 |
$46.88 |
$97,520 |
2.6 % |
| 17-2112 |
Industrial Engineers |
170 |
0.06% |
$34.93 |
$36.41 |
$75,730 |
4.0 % |
| 17-2141 |
Mechanical Engineers |
170 |
0.06% |
$35.73 |
$38.95 |
$81,010 |
6.1 % |
| 17-2199 |
Engineers, All Other |
230 |
0.08% |
$37.15 |
$39.64 |
$82,450 |
4.8 % |
| 17-3013 |
Mechanical Drafters |
(8) |
(8) |
$43.30 |
$38.27 |
$79,590 |
13.2 % |
| 17-3019 |
Drafters, All Other |
40 |
0.01% |
$22.54 |
$23.73 |
$49,360 |
11.2 % |
| 17-3023 |
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technicians |
100 |
0.04% |
$23.08 |
$23.86 |
$49,620 |
15.4 % |
| 17-3026 |
Industrial Engineering Technicians |
30 |
0.01% |
$18.40 |
$18.29 |
$38,050 |
6.5 % |
| 17-3031 |
Surveying and Mapping Technicians |
340 |
0.12% |
$16.44 |
$18.44 |
$38,340 |
7.4 % |
| |
| Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 19-0000 |
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations |
260 |
0.09% |
$29.35 |
$32.57 |
$67,740 |
4.5 % |
| 19-2031 |
Chemists |
130 |
0.05% |
$32.79 |
$34.57 |
$71,910 |
5.2 % |
| 19-4031 |
Chemical Technicians |
30 |
0.01% |
$20.98 |
$21.94 |
$45,620 |
4.6 % |
| |
| Community and Social Service Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 21-0000 |
Community and Social Service Occupations |
90 |
0.03% |
$22.07 |
$23.57 |
$49,030 |
8.0 % |
| |
| Legal Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 23-0000 |
Legal Occupations |
640 |
0.23% |
$11.44 |
$21.86 |
$45,460 |
22.0 % |
| 23-1011 |
Lawyers |
80 |
0.03% |
(5) |
$82.12 |
$170,800 |
12.9 % |
| 23-2093 |
Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers |
240 |
0.09% |
$11.28 |
$14.14 |
$29,410 |
8.6 % |
| 23-2099 |
Legal Support Workers, All Other |
280 |
0.10% |
$9.96 |
$10.80 |
$22,470 |
4.0 % |
| |
| Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 27-0000 |
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations |
9,230 |
3.35% |
$16.13 |
$19.15 |
$39,830 |
3.5 % |
| 27-1011 |
Art Directors |
50 |
0.02% |
$31.11 |
$39.34 |
$81,820 |
10.0 % |
| 27-1014 |
Multimedia Artists and Animators |
80 |
0.03% |
$25.53 |
$25.50 |
$53,030 |
4.0 % |
| 27-1023 |
Floral Designers |
40 |
0.01% |
$12.61 |
$14.31 |
$29,760 |
25.4 % |
| 27-1024 |
Graphic Designers |
1,030 |
0.37% |
$24.09 |
$27.19 |
$56,550 |
5.5 % |
| 27-1026 |
Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers |
(8) |
(8) |
$12.31 |
$13.63 |
$28,360 |
5.6 % |
| 27-1027 |
Set and Exhibit Designers |
630 |
0.23% |
$23.39 |
$24.61 |
$51,190 |
6.1 % |
| 27-1029 |
Designers, All Other |
100 |
0.04% |
$17.10 |
$18.77 |
$39,040 |
8.4 % |
| 27-2012 |
Producers and Directors |
90 |
0.03% |
$32.35 |
$45.72 |
$95,110 |
15.7 % |
| 27-3031 |
Public Relations Specialists |
460 |
0.17% |
$23.63 |
$25.42 |
$52,870 |
4.4 % |
| 27-3041 |
Editors |
190 |
0.07% |
$24.36 |
$25.26 |
$52,540 |
5.0 % |
| 27-3042 |
Technical Writers |
80 |
0.03% |
$25.10 |
$26.97 |
$56,100 |
7.2 % |
| 27-3043 |
Writers and Authors |
40 |
0.01% |
$19.55 |
$21.25 |
$44,200 |
6.6 % |
| 27-3099 |
Media and Communication Workers, All Other |
30 |
0.01% |
$17.53 |
$19.99 |
$41,570 |
9.3 % |
| 27-4011 |
Audio and Video Equipment Technicians |
1,720 |
0.62% |
$19.74 |
$21.47 |
$44,650 |
10.8 % |
| 27-4014 |
Sound Engineering Technicians |
30 |
0.01% |
$17.48 |
$19.26 |
$40,060 |
6.5 % |
| |
| Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 29-0000 |
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations |
1,280 |
0.46% |
$15.82 |
$18.84 |
$39,190 |
4.5 % |
| 29-1111 |
Registered Nurses* |
40 |
0.01% |
$27.29 |
$27.76 |
$57,730 |
3.7 % |
| 29-2041 |
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics |
870 |
0.32% |
$14.64 |
$15.42 |
$32,080 |
3.1 % |
| 29-2071 |
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians |
(8) |
(8) |
$20.33 |
$20.60 |
$42,850 |
5.7 % |
| 29-9011 |
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists |
40 |
0.01% |
$28.17 |
$31.31 |
$65,110 |
10.5 % |
| |
| Protective Service Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 33-0000 |
Protective Service Occupations |
20,160 |
7.32% |
$12.32 |
$14.53 |
$30,230 |
1.6 % |
| 33-1021 |
First-Line Supervisors of Fire Fighting and Prevention Workers |
890 |
0.32% |
$23.72 |
$25.42 |
$52,870 |
2.9 % |
| 33-1099 |
First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other |
440 |
0.16% |
$17.55 |
$19.86 |
$41,310 |
6.1 % |
| 33-2011 |
Firefighters |
9,130 |
3.32% |
$12.38 |
$14.44 |
$30,040 |
2.0 % |
| 33-2021 |
Fire Inspectors and Investigators |
70 |
0.03% |
$17.99 |
$17.88 |
$37,200 |
6.0 % |
| 33-9021 |
Private Detectives and Investigators |
70 |
0.03% |
$30.67 |
$27.44 |
$57,060 |
5.0 % |
| 33-9032 |
Security Guards |
2,100 |
0.76% |
$11.31 |
$13.42 |
$27,920 |
5.2 % |
| 33-9091 |
Crossing Guards |
7,070 |
2.57% |
$11.93 |
$13.28 |
$27,610 |
2.4 % |
| 33-9092 |
Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers |
230 |
0.08% |
$8.87 |
$9.35 |
$19,460 |
3.3 % |
| 33-9099 |
Protective Service Workers, All Other * |
170 |
0.06% |
$13.43 |
$14.54 |
$30,250 |
6.8 % |
| |
| Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 35-0000 |
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations |
830 |
0.30% |
$9.12 |
$10.60 |
$22,040 |
3.3 % |
| 35-1012 |
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers |
50 |
0.02% |
$13.60 |
$14.59 |
$30,350 |
6.7 % |
| 35-2011 |
Cooks, Fast Food |
80 |
0.03% |
$8.87 |
$9.15 |
$19,020 |
4.1 % |
| 35-2012 |
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria |
30 |
0.01% |
$14.98 |
$15.23 |
$31,670 |
4.5 % |
| 35-2014 |
Cooks, Restaurant |
60 |
0.02% |
$9.23 |
$9.64 |
$20,040 |
5.1 % |
| 35-2021 |
Food Preparation Workers |
(8) |
(8) |
$9.20 |
$9.31 |
$19,360 |
5.6 % |
| 35-3021 |
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food |
140 |
0.05% |
$7.76 |
$9.20 |
$19,140 |
6.3 % |
| 35-3022 |
Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop |
40 |
0.01% |
$9.26 |
$9.73 |
$20,240 |
5.3 % |
| 35-3031 |
Waiters and Waitresses |
110 |
0.04% |
$10.84 |
$10.62 |
$22,090 |
5.4 % |
| 35-3041 |
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant |
120 |
0.04% |
$8.81 |
$10.36 |
$21,550 |
11.5 % |
| 35-9011 |
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers |
50 |
0.02% |
$8.69 |
$9.60 |
$19,970 |
5.6 % |
| |
| Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 37-0000 |
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations |
1,790 |
0.65% |
$10.82 |
$12.28 |
$25,550 |
2.3 % |
| 37-1011 |
First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers |
70 |
0.03% |
$18.26 |
$20.00 |
$41,600 |
3.5 % |
| 37-1012 |
First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers |
30 |
0.01% |
$21.18 |
$23.19 |
$48,240 |
5.6 % |
| 37-2011 |
Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners |
1,270 |
0.46% |
$10.26 |
$11.16 |
$23,220 |
1.6 % |
| 37-2012 |
Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners |
150 |
0.05% |
$9.83 |
$10.74 |
$22,340 |
2.9 % |
| 37-3011 |
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers |
250 |
0.09% |
$13.08 |
$15.02 |
$31,250 |
10.0 % |
| |
| Personal Care and Service Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 39-0000 |
Personal Care and Service Occupations |
(8) |
(8) |
$8.98 |
$10.39 |
$21,610 |
3.9 % |
| 39-1021 |
First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers |
50 |
0.02% |
$15.04 |
$16.02 |
$33,320 |
8.0 % |
| 39-3031 |
Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers |
(8) |
(8) |
$8.74 |
$9.02 |
$18,750 |
2.5 % |
| 39-3091 |
Amusement and Recreation Attendants |
(8) |
(8) |
$8.28 |
$8.02 |
$16,680 |
4.3 % |
| 39-3099 |
Entertainment Attendants and Related Workers, All Other |
40 |
0.01% |
$12.48 |
$12.30 |
$25,580 |
3.5 % |
| 39-6011 |
Baggage Porters and Bellhops |
(8) |
(8) |
$9.09 |
$9.79 |
$20,360 |
5.5 % |
| 39-7011 |
Tour Guides and Escorts |
390 |
0.14% |
$16.27 |
$16.30 |
$33,910 |
5.7 % |
| |
| Sales and Related Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 41-0000 |
Sales and Related Occupations |
22,330 |
8.11% |
$18.09 |
$23.42 |
$48,710 |
2.0 % |
| 41-1011 |
First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers |
320 |
0.12% |
$17.96 |
$21.34 |
$44,390 |
4.9 % |
| 41-1012 |
First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers |
810 |
0.29% |
$32.50 |
$36.25 |
$75,390 |
3.1 % |
| 41-2011 |
Cashiers |
1,530 |
0.56% |
$9.21 |
$10.46 |
$21,750 |
2.4 % |
| 41-2021 |
Counter and Rental Clerks |
600 |
0.22% |
$10.55 |
$11.55 |
$24,030 |
4.3 % |
| 41-2031 |
Retail Salespersons |
(8) |
(8) |
$11.17 |
$13.77 |
$28,640 |
3.9 % |
| 41-3011 |
Advertising Sales Agents |
160 |
0.06% |
$17.33 |
$18.45 |
$38,380 |
13.0 % |
| 41-3021 |
Insurance Sales Agents |
70 |
0.03% |
$18.36 |
$19.27 |
$40,080 |
12.6 % |
| 41-3041 |
Travel Agents |
110 |
0.04% |
$13.43 |
$14.88 |
$30,950 |
5.4 % |
| 41-3099 |
Sales Representatives, Services, All Other |
6,900 |
2.51% |
$25.40 |
$30.72 |
$63,900 |
3.2 % |
| 41-4011 |
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products |
300 |
0.11% |
$34.41 |
$40.04 |
$83,280 |
6.3 % |
| 41-4012 |
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products |
3,920 |
1.42% |
$24.85 |
$28.54 |
$59,370 |
2.7 % |
| 41-9011 |
Demonstrators and Product Promoters |
1,890 |
0.69% |
$11.86 |
$14.25 |
$29,650 |
4.5 % |
| 41-9022 |
Real Estate Sales Agents |
120 |
0.04% |
$16.92 |
$19.06 |
$39,640 |
17.4 % |
| 41-9031 |
Sales Engineers |
70 |
0.03% |
$34.72 |
$40.41 |
$84,050 |
20.4 % |
| 41-9041 |
Telemarketers |
1,240 |
0.45% |
$9.75 |
$11.46 |
$23,840 |
4.0 % |
| 41-9091 |
Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers |
140 |
0.05% |
$11.14 |
$13.62 |
$28,320 |
11.9 % |
| 41-9799 |
Sales and Related Workers, All Other* |
2,400 |
0.87% |
$15.89 |
$20.42 |
$42,480 |
4.3 % |
| |
| Office and Administrative Support Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 43-0000 |
Office and Administrative Support Occupations |
83,630 |
30.37% |
$13.09 |
$14.41 |
$29,960 |
0.6 % |
| 43-1011 |
First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers |
5,130 |
1.86% |
$20.11 |
$22.69 |
$47,190 |
1.4 % |
| 43-2011 |
Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service |
230 |
0.08% |
$12.88 |
$13.16 |
$27,360 |
2.3 % |
| 43-3011 |
Bill and Account Collectors |
620 |
0.23% |
$14.40 |
$15.36 |
$31,950 |
3.6 % |
| 43-3021 |
Billing and Posting Clerks |
680 |
0.25% |
$16.12 |
$16.85 |
$35,040 |
1.7 % |
| 43-3031 |
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks |
5,560 |
2.02% |
$14.78 |
$15.72 |
$32,700 |
1.3 % |
| 43-3051 |
Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks |
500 |
0.18% |
$16.70 |
$16.96 |
$35,280 |
2.0 % |
| 43-3061 |
Procurement Clerks |
100 |
0.04% |
$17.05 |
$17.78 |
$36,980 |
3.2 % |
| 43-4031 |
Court, Municipal, and License Clerks |
1,810 |
0.66% |
$10.60 |
$11.44 |
$23,790 |
3.1 % |
| 43-4041 |
Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks |
(8) |
(8) |
$14.49 |
$15.59 |
$32,440 |
4.9 % |
| 43-4051 |
Customer Service Representatives |
14,120 |
5.13% |
$13.92 |
$14.81 |
$30,810 |
1.7 % |
| 43-4071 |
File Clerks |
240 |
0.09% |
$12.07 |
$13.61 |
$28,310 |
5.1 % |
| 43-4111 |
Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan |
190 |
0.07% |
$13.88 |
$14.62 |
$30,400 |
4.6 % |
| 43-4151 |
Order Clerks |
370 |
0.13% |
$13.92 |
$14.91 |
$31,020 |
4.0 % |
| 43-4161 |
Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping |
280 |
0.10% |
$16.20 |
$16.93 |
$35,200 |
3.2 % |
| 43-4171 |
Receptionists and Information Clerks |
1,200 |
0.44% |
$12.67 |
$12.91 |
$26,840 |
2.0 % |
| 43-4181 |
Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks |
180 |
0.07% |
$12.70 |
$14.25 |
$29,650 |
6.7 % |
| 43-4199 |
Information and Record Clerks, All Other |
850 |
0.31% |
$15.13 |
$16.11 |
$33,510 |
3.4 % |
| 43-5021 |
Couriers and Messengers |
270 |
0.10% |
$12.34 |
$12.85 |
$26,720 |
7.7 % |
| 43-5031 |
Police, Fire, and Ambulance Dispatchers |
170 |
0.06% |
$14.23 |
$15.49 |
$32,210 |
6.2 % |
| 43-5032 |
Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance |
(8) |
(8) |
$14.41 |
$15.70 |
$32,660 |
6.5 % |
| 43-5041 |
Meter Readers, Utilities |
3,260 |
1.18% |
$13.79 |
$14.95 |
$31,100 |
3.1 % |
| 43-5061 |
Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks |
2,370 |
0.86% |
$18.09 |
$19.42 |
$40,390 |
4.1 % |
| 43-5071 |
Shipping, Receiving, and Traffic Clerks |
2,510 |
0.91% |
$13.00 |
$13.75 |
$28,590 |
1.1 % |
| 43-5081 |
Stock Clerks and Order Fillers |
11,720 |
4.26% |
$10.55 |
$11.54 |
$24,000 |
1.7 % |
| 43-5111 |
Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping |
11,130 |
4.04% |
$10.93 |
$11.81 |
$24,560 |
1.3 % |
| 43-6011 |
Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants |
2,120 |
0.77% |
$18.87 |
$19.87 |
$41,330 |
1.5 % |
| 43-6014 |
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive |
4,130 |
1.50% |
$13.78 |
$14.25 |
$29,640 |
1.7 % |
| 43-9011 |
Computer Operators |
380 |
0.14% |
$16.17 |
$16.91 |
$35,180 |
4.4 % |
| 43-9021 |
Data Entry Keyers |
1,730 |
0.63% |
$12.05 |
$12.42 |
$25,830 |
1.9 % |
| 43-9022 |
Word Processors and Typists |
40 |
0.01% |
$19.06 |
$18.31 |
$38,080 |
9.5 % |
| 43-9031 |
Desktop Publishers |
230 |
0.08% |
$9.06 |
$9.87 |
$20,520 |
6.9 % |
| 43-9041 |
Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks |
30 |
0.01% |
$12.92 |
$12.49 |
$25,980 |
5.0 % |
| 43-9051 |
Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service |
730 |
0.27% |
$11.04 |
$11.68 |
$24,300 |
2.4 % |
| 43-9061 |
Office Clerks, General |
7,890 |
2.87% |
$12.00 |
$12.73 |
$26,480 |
1.0 % |
| 43-9071 |
Office Machine Operators, Except Computer |
370 |
0.13% |
$11.66 |
$12.27 |
$25,530 |
4.4 % |
| 43-9081 |
Proofreaders and Copy Markers |
50 |
0.02% |
$15.51 |
$15.93 |
$33,130 |
7.0 % |
| 43-9799 |
Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other* |
1,040 |
0.38% |
$14.44 |
$17.28 |
$35,940 |
5.4 % |
| |
| Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 45-0000 |
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations |
240 |
0.09% |
$14.31 |
$15.37 |
$31,970 |
7.0 % |
| 45-4023 |
Log Graders and Scalers |
80 |
0.03% |
$20.61 |
$20.51 |
$42,670 |
7.4 % |
| |
| Construction and Extraction Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 47-0000 |
Construction and Extraction Occupations |
7,260 |
2.64% |
$22.32 |
$23.31 |
$48,480 |
1.9 % |
| 47-1011 |
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers |
320 |
0.12% |
$28.17 |
$30.24 |
$62,890 |
2.7 % |
| 47-2031 |
Carpenters |
3,170 |
1.15% |
$24.16 |
$25.20 |
$52,410 |
2.9 % |
| 47-2061 |
Construction Laborers |
1,480 |
0.54% |
$20.61 |
$20.70 |
$43,060 |
5.0 % |
| 47-2073 |
Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators |
(8) |
(8) |
$14.49 |
$15.38 |
$32,000 |
7.0 % |
| 47-2111 |
Electricians |
460 |
0.17% |
$24.10 |
$26.47 |
$55,050 |
5.4 % |
| 47-2141 |
Painters, Construction and Maintenance |
70 |
0.03% |
$21.64 |
$19.66 |
$40,900 |
11.0 % |
| 47-2152 |
Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters |
740 |
0.27% |
$18.80 |
$20.83 |
$43,330 |
3.9 % |
| 47-3013 |
Helpers--Electricians |
120 |
0.04% |
$15.46 |
$15.40 |
$32,030 |
5.8 % |
| 47-3019 |
Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other |
40 |
0.01% |
$15.14 |
$15.49 |
$32,210 |
3.5 % |
| 47-4011 |
Construction and Building Inspectors |
430 |
0.16% |
$20.80 |
$21.35 |
$44,400 |
4.7 % |
| 47-4799 |
Construction and Related Workers, All Other* |
180 |
0.07% |
$22.10 |
$21.00 |
$43,680 |
5.3 % |
| |
| Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 49-0000 |
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations |
9,590 |
3.48% |
$18.93 |
$21.02 |
$43,720 |
1.5 % |
| 49-1011 |
First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers |
700 |
0.25% |
$28.00 |
$29.30 |
$60,950 |
1.8 % |
| 49-2011 |
Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers |
320 |
0.12% |
$17.58 |
$18.61 |
$38,710 |
3.7 % |
| 49-2022 |
Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers |
280 |
0.10% |
$27.27 |
$26.81 |
$55,760 |
3.8 % |
| 49-2098 |
Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers |
100 |
0.04% |
$16.90 |
$17.77 |
$36,970 |
6.7 % |
| 49-3023 |
Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics |
60 |
0.02% |
$15.03 |
$17.32 |
$36,030 |
4.7 % |
| 49-3031 |
Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists |
70 |
0.03% |
$20.98 |
$21.15 |
$43,990 |
3.8 % |
| 49-9012 |
Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door |
450 |
0.16% |
$14.94 |
$18.28 |
$38,010 |
8.4 % |
| 49-9021 |
Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers |
40 |
0.01% |
$23.34 |
$22.08 |
$45,920 |
7.7 % |
| 49-9031 |
Home Appliance Repairers |
190 |
0.07% |
$15.60 |
$16.21 |
$33,710 |
3.5 % |
| 49-9041 |
Industrial Machinery Mechanics |
400 |
0.15% |
$20.37 |
$21.56 |
$44,850 |
3.0 % |
| 49-9043 |
Maintenance Workers, Machinery |
140 |
0.05% |
$15.89 |
$17.94 |
$37,320 |
10.4 % |
| 49-9051 |
Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers |
80 |
0.03% |
$23.16 |
$22.60 |
$47,010 |
11.6 % |
| 49-9052 |
Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers |
290 |
0.11% |
$15.95 |
$16.66 |
$34,650 |
4.8 % |
| 49-9062 |
Medical Equipment Repairers |
30 |
0.01% |
$21.79 |
$22.24 |
$46,260 |
11.7 % |
| 49-9071 |
Maintenance and Repair Workers, General |
2,940 |
1.07% |
$17.24 |
$18.31 |
$38,080 |
1.5 % |
| 49-9091 |
Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers |
100 |
0.04% |
$12.50 |
$13.03 |
$27,110 |
7.0 % |
| 49-9092 |
Commercial Divers |
(8) |
(8) |
$24.93 |
$27.04 |
$56,230 |
3.4 % |
| 49-9098 |
Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers |
570 |
0.21% |
$13.66 |
$13.60 |
$28,300 |
4.4 % |
| 49-9799 |
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other* |
780 |
0.28% |
$16.77 |
$18.76 |
$39,030 |
4.2 % |
| |
| Production Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 51-0000 |
Production Occupations |
29,370 |
10.67% |
$11.67 |
$13.59 |
$28,270 |
1.0 % |
| 51-1011 |
First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers |
2,610 |
0.95% |
$21.53 |
$23.65 |
$49,190 |
1.7 % |
| 51-2022 |
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers |
90 |
0.03% |
$13.06 |
$13.77 |
$28,630 |
5.3 % |
| 51-2092 |
Team Assemblers |
4,200 |
1.53% |
$10.12 |
$11.67 |
$24,270 |
2.6 % |
| 51-2099 |
Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other |
950 |
0.35% |
$9.91 |
$11.43 |
$23,770 |
6.3 % |
| 51-4011 |
Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic |
40 |
0.01% |
$15.52 |
$16.12 |
$33,530 |
2.4 % |
| 51-4031 |
Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic |
1,390 |
0.50% |
$11.85 |
$13.31 |
$27,680 |
3.6 % |
| 51-4041 |
Machinists |
550 |
0.20% |
$16.14 |
$17.85 |
$37,130 |
6.3 % |
| 51-4121 |
Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers |
180 |
0.07% |
$15.26 |
$16.08 |
$33,440 |
5.0 % |
| 51-5111 |
Prepress Technicians and Workers |
50 |
0.02% |
$14.57 |
$16.39 |
$34,080 |
7.9 % |
| 51-5112 |
Printing Press Operators |
420 |
0.15% |
$15.67 |
$16.86 |
$35,060 |
3.9 % |
| 51-5113 |
Print Binding and Finishing Workers |
60 |
0.02% |
$11.96 |
$13.19 |
$27,440 |
8.1 % |
| 51-6021 |
Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials |
40 |
0.01% |
$10.84 |
$11.09 |
$23,080 |
6.1 % |
| 51-6031 |
Sewing Machine Operators |
110 |
0.04% |
$10.70 |
$11.98 |
$24,920 |
10.2 % |
| 51-6062 |
Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
(8) |
(8) |
$11.38 |
$13.33 |
$27,720 |
9.4 % |
| 51-7042 |
Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing |
40 |
0.01% |
$9.06 |
$10.35 |
$21,530 |
5.6 % |
| 51-8031 |
Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators |
90 |
0.03% |
$13.71 |
$13.01 |
$27,050 |
11.8 % |
| 51-9023 |
Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
210 |
0.08% |
$15.95 |
$16.06 |
$33,410 |
4.9 % |
| 51-9032 |
Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders |
1,080 |
0.39% |
$13.84 |
$14.51 |
$30,180 |
3.5 % |
| 51-9061 |
Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers |
3,680 |
1.34% |
$12.11 |
$13.71 |
$28,510 |
2.3 % |
| 51-9111 |
Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders |
8,770 |
3.19% |
$10.85 |
$11.63 |
$24,190 |
1.3 % |
| 51-9123 |
Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers |
(8) |
(8) |
$14.16 |
$14.56 |
$30,270 |
6.3 % |
| 51-9151 |
Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators |
(8) |
(8) |
$12.02 |
$13.92 |
$28,950 |
4.3 % |
| 51-9194 |
Etchers and Engravers |
(8) |
(8) |
$13.36 |
$12.57 |
$26,150 |
10.4 % |
| 51-9198 |
Helpers--Production Workers |
2,500 |
0.91% |
$10.58 |
$11.30 |
$23,510 |
2.6 % |
| 51-9399 |
Production Workers, All Other* |
1,530 |
0.56% |
$11.26 |
$13.56 |
$28,210 |
6.7 % |
| |
| Transportation and Material Moving Occupations top |
|
Employment Estimates |
Wage Estimates |
| SOC Code Number |
Occupation Title (click on the occupation title to view an occupational profile) |
Employment (1) |
Percent of Total |
Median Hourly |
Mean Hourly |
Mean Annual (2) |
Mean RSE (3) |
| 53-0000 |
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations |
42,160 |
15.31% |
$11.12 |
$12.89 |
$26,810 |
0.9 % |
| 53-1021 |
First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand |
1,600 |
0.58% |
$20.24 |
$21.39 |
$44,480 |
1.1 % |
| 53-1031 |
First-Line Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators |
480 |
0.17% |
$24.38 |
$24.67 |
$51,300 |
1.9 % |
| 53-2012 |
Commercial Pilots |
80 |
0.03% |
(4) |
(4) |
$75,200 |
7.2 % |
| 53-3031 |
Driver/Sales Workers |
390 |
0.14% |
$13.36 |
$13.50 |
$28,080 |
3.0 % |
| 53-3032 |
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers |
1,710 |
0.62% |
$15.86 |
$17.21 |
$35,800 |
3.5 % |
| 53-3033 |
Light Truck or Delivery Services Drivers |
2,880 |
1.05% |
$13.75 |
$14.75 |
$30,670 |
2.2 % |
| 53-3099 |
Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other |
430 |
0.16% |
(8) |
(8) |
(8) |
(8) |
| 53-5011 |
Sailors and Marine Oilers |
60 |
0.02% |
$14.62 |
$17.06 |
$35,490 |
6.9 % |
| 53-5021 |
Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels |
50 |
0.02% |
$41.02 |
$40.28 |
$83,780 |
11.5 % |
| 53-6021 |
Parking Lot Attendants |
30 |
0.01% |
$9.13 |
$9.92 |
$20,620 |
6.8 % |
| 53-6099 |
Transportation Workers, All Other |
230 |
0.08% |
$15.99 |
$16.55 |
$34,420 |
8.4 % |
| 53-7021 |
Crane and Tower Operators |
170 |
0.06% |
(8) |
(8) |
(8) |
(8) |
| 53-7051 |
Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators |
2,550 |
0.93% |
$13.38 |
$14.14 |
$29,410 |
1.8 % |
| 53-7061 |
Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment |
450 |
0.16% |
$8.98 |
$9.81 |
$20,400 |
2.8 % |
| 53-7062 |
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand |
17,070 |
6.20% |
$11.33 |
$12.74 |
$26,510 |
1.4 % |
| 53-7063 |
Machine Feeders and Offbearers |
160 |
0.06% |
$9.52 |
$10.37 |
$21,570 |
4.6 % |
| 53-7064 |
Packers and Packagers, Hand |
13,200 |
4.79% |
$9.14 |
$9.82 |
$20,430 |
0.9 % |
| 53-7081 |
Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors |
140 |
0.05% |
$14.80 |
$16.36 |
$34,020 |
6.0 % |
| 53-7199 |
Material Moving Workers, All Other |
(8) |
(8) |
$12.25 |
$15.02 |
$31,250 |
12.0 % |
About May 2010 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(4) Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries
depending on how they are typically paid.
(5) This wage is equal to or greater than $80.00 per hour or $166,400 per year.
(8) Estimate not released.
Other OES estimates and related information:
May 2010 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (cross-industry estimates)
May 2010 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (cross-industry estimates)
May 2010 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates (cross-industry estimates)
May 2010 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
List of Occupations in SOC Code Number Order
List of Occupations in Alphabetical Order
Download May 2010 Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates in Zipped XLS files
Technical notes
Last Modified Date: May 17, 2011
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