Chart 3. New-vehicle margin indexes for publicly traded dealerships, 2007–19
Year	Sonic Automotive	Asbury Automotive Group	Group 1 Automotive	Lithia Motors	AutoNation	Average
2007	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
2008	96.83	93.56	94.46	101.30	92.85	96.26
2009	100.98	94.27	90.51	107.81	95.00	97.83
2010	95.24	92.04	85.95	104.79	95.08	92.75
2011	93.31	93.92	92.25	98.49	102.64	93.98
2012	86.14	88.40	86.05	93.07	91.43	87.74
2013	84.72	85.48	82.79	85.65	87.06	84.49
2014	82.21	85.44	80.89	82.36	83.27	82.71
2015	74.27	77.36	75.96	78.77	78.86	78.28
2016	72.66	72.10	78.09	74.95	72.90	77.48
2017	73.02	66.06	78.04	75.40	67.89	78.22
2018	70.86	60.69	75.06	74.59	61.72	76.86
2019	69.58	57.47	71.09	72.61	63.42	74.38
Source: Authors' calculations using U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission data (https://www.sec.gov/edgar/search/).