From June 2022 to September 2022, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector establishments in Ohio were 269,541, while gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector establishments were 265,688, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Regional Commissioner Jason Palmer noted that the difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment gain of 3,853 jobs in the private sector during the third quarter of 2022. During the previous quarter, gross job losses exceeded gross job gains by 25,614. (See chart 1.)

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.)

Gross job gains

In the third quarter of 2022, gross job gains represented 5.8 percent of private-sector employment in Ohio; nationally, gross job gains accounted for 6.8 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 2.) Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. In Ohio, gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 231,310 in the third quarter of 2022, an increase of 5,784 jobs compared to the previous quarter. (See table 1.) Opening establishments accounted for 38,231 jobs gained in the third quarter of 2022, a decrease of 1,807 jobs from the previous quarter.

Gross job losses

In the third quarter of 2022, gross job losses represented 5.6 percent of private-sector employment in Ohio; nationally, gross job losses accounted for 5.8 percent of private-sector employment. (See chart 3.) Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. In Ohio, contracting establishments lost 216,742 jobs in the third quarter of 2022, a decrease of 23,625 jobs from the prior quarter. Closing establishments lost 48,946 jobs, a decrease of 1,865 jobs from the previous quarter.

Industries

Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 6 of the 11 industry sectors in Ohio in the third quarter of 2022. Education and health services had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 8,302 jobs. This was the result of 41,003 gross job gains and 32,701 gross job losses. Leisure and hospitality showed a net loss of 5,411 jobs, the largest loss of any sector in the state.

For more information

The BED data series include gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by employer size class. BED data for the states have been included in table 2 of this release. Additional information is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm/.

The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2022 are scheduled to be released on Wednesday, July 26, 2023.

Technical Note

The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame.

In the BED program, the QCEW records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at closing and contracting units.

The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all businesses in the economy. BED statistics track these changes in employment at private business establishments from the third month of one quarter to the third month of the next. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions at existing establishments and the addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of jobs at closing establishments. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment.

Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:

Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.

Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period.

Closings. These are units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter and either not reported, or reported with zero employment, in the current quarter.

Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period.

The full Technical Note for the Business Employment Dynamics program, which includes information on coverage, concepts, and methodology, can be found in the current quarterly news release online at www.bls.gov/news.release/cewbd.htm.

Information in this release will be made available to individuals with sensory impairments upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Telecommunications Relay Service: 7-1-1.

Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, Ohio, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains and losses (3 months ended)					Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022
Total private (1)
Gross job gains	279,666	320,621	284,863	265,564	269,541	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8
At expanding establishments	237,382	268,593	250,405	225,526	231,310	5.2	5.9	5.4	4.8	5.0
At opening establishments	42,284	52,028	34,458	40,038	38,231	0.9	1.1	0.7	0.9	0.8
Gross job losses	270,186	234,473	226,562	291,178	265,688	6.0	5.2	4.8	6.3	5.6
At contracting establishments	220,483	200,080	192,797	240,367	216,742	4.9	4.4	4.1	5.2	4.6
At closing establishments	49,703	34,393	33,765	50,811	48,946	1.1	0.8	0.7	1.1	1.0
Net employment change (2)	9,480	86,148	58,301	-25,614	3,853	0.1	1.8	1.3	-0.6	0.2
Construction
Gross job gains	19,704	22,133	23,582	19,961	18,163	8.9	9.9	10.1	8.5	7.9
At expanding establishments	15,707	17,906	19,943	16,885	14,811	7.1	8.0	8.5	7.2	6.4
At opening establishments	3,997	4,227	3,639	3,076	3,352	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.5
Gross job losses	19,427	18,059	16,573	21,127	20,759	8.7	8.0	7.1	9.0	9.0
At contracting establishments	15,795	14,693	13,638	16,030	17,200	7.1	6.5	5.8	6.8	7.5
At closing establishments	3,632	3,366	2,935	5,097	3,559	1.6	1.5	1.3	2.2	1.5
Net employment change (2)	277	4,074	7,009	-1,166	-2,596	0.2	1.9	3.0	-0.5	-1.1
Manufacturing
Gross job gains	22,641	27,149	23,635	20,625	21,346	3.4	4.1	3.5	3.0	3.1
At expanding establishments	21,052	25,163	22,514	19,488	19,750	3.2	3.8	3.3	2.8	2.9
At opening establishments	1,589	1,986	1,121	1,137	1,596	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gross job losses	21,521	16,858	16,470	23,762	21,422	3.2	2.5	2.4	3.5	3.1
At contracting establishments	19,446	15,325	15,283	21,562	19,055	2.9	2.3	2.2	3.2	2.8
At closing establishments	2,075	1,533	1,187	2,200	2,367	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Net employment change (2)	1,120	10,291	7,165	-3,137	-76	0.2	1.6	1.1	-0.5	0.0
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains	11,827	13,950	11,320	10,672	11,502	5.2	6.1	4.8	4.5	4.9
At expanding establishments	9,768	11,019	9,825	8,780	9,915	4.3	4.8	4.2	3.7	4.2
At opening establishments	2,059	2,931	1,495	1,892	1,587	0.9	1.3	0.6	0.8	0.7
Gross job losses	10,937	8,453	8,891	11,496	9,857	4.8	3.7	3.7	4.9	4.2
At contracting establishments	7,746	6,486	6,903	8,212	7,493	3.4	2.8	2.9	3.5	3.2
At closing establishments	3,191	1,967	1,988	3,284	2,364	1.4	0.9	0.8	1.4	1.0
Net employment change (2)	890	5,497	2,429	-824	1,645	0.4	2.4	1.1	-0.4	0.7
Retail trade
Gross job gains	31,047	32,484	36,854	29,951	34,304	5.7	6.1	6.7	5.5	6.3
At expanding establishments	28,130	28,438	33,884	26,233	30,989	5.2	5.3	6.2	4.8	5.7
At opening establishments	2,917	4,046	2,970	3,718	3,315	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.6
Gross job losses	39,385	29,035	25,397	40,269	34,447	7.2	5.4	4.6	7.3	6.3
At contracting establishments	34,881	26,430	23,107	36,534	30,286	6.4	4.9	4.2	6.6	5.5
At closing establishments	4,504	2,605	2,290	3,735	4,161	0.8	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-8,338	3,449	11,457	-10,318	-143	-1.5	0.7	2.1	-1.8	0.0
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains	17,579	24,487	14,513	11,648	11,733	7.5	10.0	5.7	4.6	4.7
At expanding establishments	15,917	22,294	13,390	10,310	10,234	6.8	9.1	5.3	4.1	4.1
At opening establishments	1,662	2,193	1,123	1,338	1,499	0.7	0.9	0.4	0.5	0.6
Gross job losses	11,017	14,343	12,072	21,362	11,356	4.7	5.9	4.7	8.5	4.6
At contracting establishments	9,345	13,123	10,998	19,215	9,935	4.0	5.4	4.3	7.6	4.0
At closing establishments	1,672	1,220	1,074	2,147	1,421	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.9	0.6
Net employment change (2)	6,562	10,144	2,441	-9,714	377	2.8	4.1	1.0	-3.9	0.1
Information
Gross job gains	4,738	4,281	4,184	3,995	3,989	7.3	6.4	6.2	5.8	5.7
At expanding establishments	3,838	3,008	3,320	3,125	3,165	5.9	4.5	4.9	4.5	4.5
At opening establishments	900	1,273	864	870	824	1.4	1.9	1.3	1.3	1.2
Gross job losses	3,192	3,567	2,909	4,181	3,787	4.9	5.4	4.2	6.0	5.4
At contracting establishments	2,087	2,965	2,013	3,059	2,684	3.2	4.5	2.9	4.4	3.8
At closing establishments	1,105	602	896	1,122	1,103	1.7	0.9	1.3	1.6	1.6
Net employment change (2)	1,546	714	1,275	-186	202	2.4	1.0	2.0	-0.2	0.3
Financial activities
Gross job gains	14,331	15,909	14,624	14,973	15,066	4.9	5.4	4.9	5.0	5.0
At expanding establishments	11,521	12,112	12,827	12,627	12,590	3.9	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.2
At opening establishments	2,810	3,797	1,797	2,346	2,476	1.0	1.3	0.6	0.8	0.8
Gross job losses	14,032	12,855	13,972	14,571	14,156	4.8	4.3	4.6	4.9	4.7
At contracting establishments	10,630	10,380	11,492	11,318	11,362	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.8
At closing establishments	3,402	2,475	2,480	3,253	2,794	1.2	0.8	0.8	1.1	0.9
Net employment change (2)	299	3,054	652	402	910	0.1	1.1	0.3	0.1	0.3
Professional and business services
Gross job gains	50,813	67,650	52,847	49,294	48,873	7.1	9.3	7.2	6.6	6.6
At expanding establishments	41,428	55,739	45,055	40,252	40,697	5.8	7.7	6.1	5.4	5.5
At opening establishments	9,385	11,911	7,792	9,042	8,176	1.3	1.6	1.1	1.2	1.1
Gross job losses	50,637	41,145	45,373	51,737	48,367	7.1	5.6	6.2	7.0	6.5
At contracting establishments	38,598	33,702	37,397	41,240	37,797	5.4	4.6	5.1	5.6	5.1
At closing establishments	12,039	7,443	7,976	10,497	10,570	1.7	1.0	1.1	1.4	1.4
Net employment change (2)	176	26,505	7,474	-2,443	506	0.0	3.7	1.0	-0.4	0.1
Education and health services
Gross job gains	32,477	37,844	35,186	37,559	41,003	3.8	4.4	4.0	4.3	4.7
At expanding establishments	28,473	30,409	31,624	33,025	36,470	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.8	4.2
At opening establishments	4,004	7,435	3,562	4,534	4,533	0.5	0.9	0.4	0.5	0.5
Gross job losses	38,794	34,782	30,588	36,448	32,701	4.5	4.0	3.5	4.2	3.7
At contracting establishments	31,856	30,141	26,061	29,214	25,806	3.7	3.5	3.0	3.4	2.9
At closing establishments	6,938	4,641	4,527	7,234	6,895	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.8	0.8
Net employment change (2)	-6,317	3,062	4,598	1,111	8,302	-0.7	0.4	0.5	0.1	1.0
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains	60,694	57,256	54,817	51,995	49,683	11.9	10.9	10.2	9.6	9.3
At expanding establishments	50,061	48,942	46,826	42,717	41,315	9.8	9.3	8.7	7.9	7.7
At opening establishments	10,633	8,314	7,991	9,278	8,368	2.1	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6
Gross job losses	47,049	44,192	41,645	52,857	55,094	9.3	8.5	7.7	9.8	10.2
At contracting establishments	39,071	37,585	35,616	44,127	44,671	7.7	7.2	6.6	8.2	8.3
At closing establishments	7,978	6,607	6,029	8,730	10,423	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.9
Net employment change (2)	13,645	13,064	13,172	-862	-5,411	2.6	2.4	2.5	-0.2	-0.9
Other services (3)
Gross job gains	10,850	12,235	10,002	11,862	10,292	7.7	8.5	6.9	8.2	7.0
At expanding establishments	9,038	9,311	8,569	9,717	8,678	6.4	6.5	5.9	6.7	5.9
At opening establishments	1,812	2,924	1,433	2,145	1,614	1.3	2.0	1.0	1.5	1.1
Gross job losses	10,690	8,605	9,161	10,125	10,608	7.5	6.0	6.3	7.0	7.1
At contracting establishments	8,134	7,016	7,291	7,241	7,921	5.7	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.3
At closing establishments	2,556	1,589	1,870	2,884	2,687	1.8	1.1	1.3	2.0	1.8
Net employment change (2)	160	3,630	841	1,737	-316	0.2	2.5	0.6	1.2	-0.1
Footnotes: (1) Includes unclassified sector not shown separately. (2) The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical Note for further information. (3) Except public administration.

Table 2. Private-sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted

Category	Gross job gains as a percent of employment (3 months ended)					Gross job losses as a percent of employment (3 months ended)
	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022	Sept. 2021	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2022	June 2022	Sept. 2022
United States(1)	7.3	7.7	6.6	6.4	6.8	6.1	5.4	5.4	6.7	5.8
Alabama	6.7	7.6	6.2	6.6	7.1	6.3	5.2	6.0	7.0	6.2
Alaska	10.5	11.8	10.1	10.1	8.6	9.7	8.7	9.3	9.6	10.3
Arizona	7.1	6.8	6.8	6.7	7.9	5.1	5.0	5.7	7.3	5.5
Arkansas	6.8	7.8	5.9	5.6	6.4	6.7	4.8	5.4	6.0	5.5
California	7.8	8.5	7.4	6.6	6.7	6.1	5.5	5.6	7.2	6.1
Colorado	8.0	7.6	7.5	7.3	5.0	7.0	6.1	6.3	6.7	5.8
Connecticut	6.9	6.9	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.0	5.3	5.3	6.5	6.2
Delaware	7.6	8.2	7.3	6.5	8.6	7.2	6.0	5.6	8.2	6.1
District of Columbia	7.9	7.3	6.0	6.0	7.2	4.9	4.9	4.9	6.8	4.8
Florida	9.0	7.7	6.5	7.5	7.8	6.0	6.0	5.7	6.9	5.5
Georgia	7.5	7.9	6.8	6.6	7.0	6.2	5.5	5.7	6.7	6.0
Hawaii	7.3	7.1	6.1	5.9	6.2	6.3	5.1	5.1	5.9	4.8
Idaho	7.7	8.5	8.5	7.1	8.5	7.3	6.3	6.2	9.1	7.5
Illinois	6.6	7.5	6.2	5.9	6.0	6.0	4.9	5.0	5.9	5.3
Indiana	6.3	7.3	6.0	5.6	6.4	5.7	4.7	4.8	6.8	5.5
Iowa	6.2	6.6	6.5	5.8	5.8	6.1	5.4	5.3	6.7	6.0
Kansas	6.6	7.6	6.2	6.5	7.6	6.5	5.3	5.4	7.5	5.6
Kentucky	6.7	7.4	6.6	6.3	6.7	6.4	4.9	5.0	8.7	5.4
Louisiana	6.9	9.6	6.5	6.6	7.3	8.5	5.8	7.1	7.3	5.7
Maine	7.8	8.2	8.0	17.7	7.4	7.8	6.9	6.1	8.1	7.4
Maryland	7.5	7.3	6.6	6.7	7.5	6.4	5.3	5.9	8.1	6.0
Massachusetts	7.2	7.0	6.6	6.1	6.2	5.8	5.7	5.1	5.4	6.1
Michigan	6.5	7.5	6.3	6.0	5.7	5.9	5.2	5.1	6.5	5.9
Minnesota	6.4	7.3	6.0	6.6	6.8	6.7	5.2	5.4	7.1	6.0
Mississippi	7.6	7.9	6.1	6.5	7.2	6.1	5.7	6.0	7.0	6.3
Missouri	6.7	7.4	6.5	6.3	6.8	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.9	6.3
Montana	8.5	9.9	9.3	8.2	8.5	8.3	7.2	8.5	9.4	7.7
Nebraska	6.3	7.0	6.8	6.0	6.9	6.5	5.8	5.9	6.6	6.2
Nevada	8.9	8.3	6.8	6.9	7.6	5.7	4.8	5.2	6.7	5.7
New Hampshire	7.0	7.6	7.7	6.6	6.9	6.8	6.4	5.4	7.9	6.7
New Jersey	7.5	8.7	7.1	6.5	6.8	6.1	5.4	5.5	6.3	6.3
New Mexico	8.2	8.2	7.4	6.5	7.7	6.5	6.3	6.2	7.1	5.9
New York	7.5	7.7	6.7	7.1	6.7	5.9	5.4	5.2	6.6	6.0
North Carolina	6.8	8.1	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.4	5.0	5.3	6.2	5.9
North Dakota	7.5	7.6	7.5	6.8	7.6	6.7	6.5	6.5	6.7	6.4
Ohio	6.1	7.0	6.1	5.7	5.8	6.0	5.2	4.8	6.3	5.6
Oklahoma	7.1	7.6	6.3	6.4	7.1	6.6	5.9	5.7	6.2	5.5
Oregon	7.1	7.8	7.5	6.1	6.7	6.5	6.1	5.7	7.1	8.6
Pennsylvania	6.3	6.8	6.3	5.5	6.1	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.6	5.2
Rhode Island	7.6	8.5	7.9	7.0	6.7	7.1	6.6	5.7	7.3	7.4
South Carolina	7.3	7.9	6.9	6.4	7.3	6.0	5.3	6.2	6.9	5.6
South Dakota	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.6	7.3	6.4	5.9	6.1	6.8	6.4
Tennessee	6.9	7.3	6.6	6.3	7.0	5.4	5.6	4.7	6.4	5.4
Texas	7.1	7.7	6.3	6.5	7.4	5.5	4.8	5.4	6.1	5.2
Utah	7.4	7.5	7.8	7.0	7.9	7.0	6.0	5.9	6.8	6.7
Vermont	8.0	8.1	8.0	7.3	7.2	7.7	6.9	6.3	8.4	8.0
Virginia	6.9	7.2	6.4	6.5	7.5	6.0	5.3	5.8	7.0	6.1
Washington	7.3	7.8	7.3	7.0	7.1	5.9	5.3	5.0	7.1	6.1
West Virginia	7.1	7.9	7.3	6.3	6.8	6.5	6.0	5.9	7.9	6.5
Wisconsin	5.5	6.6	6.5	5.9	6.1	5.8	5.2	4.8	6.8	5.9
Wyoming	9.1	10.1	8.9	8.4	9.2	8.4	7.8	8.3	9.1	8.5
Puerto Rico	8.5	6.4	7.0	6.5	6.2	5.1	5.5	4.9	6.1	5.2
Virgin Islands	7.5	8.0	6.9	8.8	7.9	8.5	9.5	10.3	12.6	4.9
Footnotes (1) Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.