Internet Address: http://www.bls.gov/ro2/home.htm For Release: August 8, 2007
Fax-On-Demand: (212) 337-2412
Media Contact: Michael L. Dolfman,(212) 337-2500
Information: Martin Kohli,(212) 337-2420
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES IN NEW YORK-WAYNE-
WHITE PLAINS, MAY 2006
All occupational groups had higher-than-average wages
Workers in the New York-Wayne-White Plains Metropolitan Division
had an average (mean) hourly wage of $24.44 during May 2006, roughly
30 percent above the nationwide average of $18.84, according to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor.1
Regional Commissioner Michael L. Dolfman noted that, after testing
for statistical significance, wages in the local area were higher
than their respective national averages in all 22 major occupational
groups. In addition, when compared to the nationwide distribution,
local employment was more highly concentrated in 11 of the 22
occupational groups, while 8 others had employment shares
significantly below their national representation. (See tables A
and B and box note at end of release.)
These statistics are from the Occupational Employment Statistics
(OES) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and
State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the Departments of Labor in
New York and New Jersey. The OES survey provides estimates of
employment and hourly and annual wages for wage and salary workers
in 22 major occupational groups and up to 801 non-military detailed
occupations for the nation, states, metropolitan areas, and
metropolitan divisions.
Occupational wages in the New York-Wayne-White Plains division
Management and legal occupations were the two highest-paid
occupational groups in the New York division in May 2006, with those
in management averaging $59.30 an hour and those in legal
occupations averaging $51.23. (See chart A.) Nationwide, these
were also the two highest-paying groups, with earnings of $44.20 in
management and $41.04 in legal occupations.
In New York, hourly wages varied widely in both of these
occupational groups. Six management occupations had hourly rates
over $65.00 (chief executives, sales managers, financial managers,
marketing managers, natural sciences managers, and general and
operations managers), while five had rates under $35.00 (social and
community service managers; postmasters and mail superintendents;
funeral directors; education administrators, preschool and child
care center/program; and food service managers). In the legal group
lawyers were among the highest paid at $63.63 an hour, while law
clerks were at the lower end of the wage scale, averaging $19.99 an
hour. (Detailed occupational data are presented in table 1.)
Computer and mathematical science ($38.13), business and
financial operations ($36.45), healthcare practitioner and technical
($36.32), and architecture and engineering ($34.74) were also among
the better-paid occupational groups in New York. Among computer and
mathematical science occupations, higher-paying jobs included
computer and information research scientists ($53.95) and actuaries
($53.22).
The construction and extraction occupational group, although not
among the highest paid, had a local pay rate nearly 44 percent above
the U.S. average, one of the largest wage differentials in New York.
Among the higher-paid non-supervisory occupations in this grouping
were operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
at $34.16 an hour (75.1 percent above the national average) and
structural iron and steel workers at $34.14 (61.6 percent above the
national average). The average pay of six other local area
construction occupations, including construction laborers, exceeded
national pay rates by more than 50 percent. The arts, design,
entertainment, sports, and media group and the education, training,
and library group also had wages 40 percent or more above their
corresponding national averages.
Food preparation and serving related workers were the lowest-paid
occupational group in the New York division, although at $11.28, the
average wage for this group was significantly above the national
rate of $8.86. Locally, chefs and head cooks were among the highest
paid occupations in this group, earning $23.26 an hour, while
combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food,
were among the lowest paid, earning $8.23. Other relatively low-
paid occupational groups in the New York division included
healthcare support ($12.39) and production ($14.92) workers.
Wage comparisons with Chicago-Naperville-Joliet and Los Angeles-
Long Beach-Glendale
Like New York, the second- and third-largest metropolitan
divisions in the United States, Chicago and Los Angeles, reported
average hourly wages significantly above the national average, at
$20.88 and $20.75, respectively.2 Wages in these metropolitan
divisions were significantly higher than those of the nation in 17
and 18 of the 22 major occupational groups, respectively. Unlike
New York and Chicago, Los Angeles had one group-production
workers-with an hourly wage significantly below the national
average.
Table A. Average hourly wage by major occupational group, United States and the three largest
metropolitan divisions, May 2006
Average hourly wage
Chicago- Los Angeles- New York-
United Naperville- Long Beach- Wayne-
Major occupational group States Joliet Glendale White Plains
Management $44.20 $45.82* $49.25* $59.30*
Business and financial operations 28.85 31.67* 31.24* 36.45*
Computer and mathematical 33.29 34.33* 34.87* 38.13*
Architecture and engineering 31.82 31.70 37.16* 34.74*
Life, physical, and social science 28.68 29.93* 31.41* 32.68*
Community and social services 18.75 20.93* 21.35* 20.53*
Legal 41.04 52.04* 50.62* 51.23*
Education, training, and library 21.79 25.57* 24.35* 30.62*
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 22.17 22.40 25.53* 31.37*
Healthcare practitioner and technical 29.82 29.07 34.60* 36.32*
Healthcare support 11.83 12.31* 13.01* 12.39*
Protective service 17.81 19.14 20.90 20.20*
Food preparation and serving related 8.86 9.12* 9.22* 11.28*
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 10.86 11.77* 11.41* 13.47*
Personal care and service 11.02 13.26* 12.73* 13.28*
Sales and related 16.52 18.98* 17.89* 22.58*
Office and administrative support 14.60 15.71* 15.81* 17.14*
Farming, fishing, and forestry 10.49 12.84* 10.75 12.14*
Construction and extraction 18.89 27.03* 21.37* 27.13*
Installation, maintenance, and repair 18.78 21.53* 20.23* 21.78*
Production 14.65 14.53 13.19* 14.92*
Transportation and material moving 14.16 15.93* 13.97 16.84*
* Indicates a wage that differs significantly from the national wage at the 90-percent confidence level.
Management and legal occupations were the two highest-paid
occupational groups in the Los Angeles and Chicago metropolitan
divisions. As in New York, wage levels for these two occupational
groups were significantly above the national averages in both
divisions. However, it should be noted that while workers in the
three largest metropolitan divisions all had above-average wages in
management, those in Los Angeles and Chicago still earned
significantly less than their counterparts in New York.
In Chicago, some of the other higher-paying occupational groups
with wages significantly above the national average included
computer and mathematical science ($34.33); life, physical, and
social science ($29.93); and construction and extraction ($27.03).
In Los Angeles, architecture and engineering ($37.16), computer and
mathematical science ($34.87), and healthcare practitioner and
technical ($34.60) were among the higher paid groups.
In Chicago, as in New York, construction and extraction
occupations had one of the larger wage differences, 43.1 percent
above the U.S. average. In Los Angeles, the contrast with the
national wage rate was widest for legal occupations, 23.3 percent
above that for the nation.
Occupational employment in the New York-Wayne-White Plains division
Office and administrative support workers were the largest major
occupational group in the New York-Wayne-White Plains metropolitan
division, with 1,001,560 workers representing 20.1 percent of area
employment. The local percentage of workers in this occupational
group was significantly higher than the national share of 17.4
percent. In New York, general office clerks (126,570); secretaries,
except legal and medical (99,600); and executive secretaries and
administrative assistants (93,200) accounted for almost one-third of
office and administrative support workers. (See table 1.)
Sales and related jobs were the second largest major occupational
group in both New York (10.4 percent) and the nation (10.6 percent).
The relatively low-paid positions of retail salespersons and
cashiers, with 150,490 and 101,720 workers, respectively, made up
almost half of employment in this group. However, the next largest
sales occupation, wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives,
except technical and scientific products, employed 71,400 workers
and was higher paid at $33.46 per hour. Securities, commodities, and
financial services sales agents also had a large number of workers,
31,910, reflecting New York's concentration of employment in the
securities industry. With an average wage of $53.60 an hour, this
was one of the highest-paid sales occupations.
Other occupational groups with employment shares above the
national average included healthcare support (3.9 percent of New
York employment); protective service (3.6 percent); and arts,
design, entertainment, sports, and media (2.6 percent). In each
case, the share of employment in New York was 1.3 percentage points
higher than the respective national share.
On the other hand, production workers had a significantly smaller
employment share in the New York division than in the nation as a
whole. This group made up 3.6 percent of the division's employment
compared with 7.7 percent nationally. Food preparation and serving
related, transportation and material moving, and construction and
extraction occupations were among the other groups with lower-than-
average shares locally.
Table B. Occupational employment by major occupational group, United States and the three largest
metropolitan divisions, May 2006
Percent of total employment
Chicago- Los Angeles- New York-
United Naperville- Long Beach- Wayne-
Major occupational group States Joliet Glendale White Plains
Management 4.4 4.5 5.0* 5.2*
Business and financial operations 4.4 5.8* 4.8* 5.5*
Computer and mathematical 2.3 2.7* 2.0* 2.9*
Architecture and engineering 1.8 1.4* 1.8 0.9*
Life, physical, and social science 0.9 0.8* 0.7* 1.0
Community and social services 1.3 1.1* 1.1* 2.0*
Legal 0.7 1.0* 0.8* 1.5*
Education, training, and library 6.2 6.1 6.5* 6.8*
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 1.3 1.2 4.0* 2.6*
Healthcare practitioner and technical 5.1 5.0 4.2* 5.1
Healthcare support 2.6 2.2* 2.0* 3.9*
Protective service 2.3 2.6* 2.4* 3.6*
Food preparation and serving related 8.3 7.2* 7.5* 6.0*
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 3.3 3.4 2.5* 3.4
Personal care and service 2.5 2.4 2.2* 3.3*
Sales and related 10.6 10.9 10.0* 10.4*
Office and administrative support 17.4 17.7 19.9* 20.1*
Farming, fishing, and forestry 0.3 0.1* 0.1* --*
Construction and extraction 5.0 3.9* 3.4* 3.3*
Installation, maintenance, and repair 4.0 3.2* 3.1* 3.3*
Production 7.7 8.4* 8.0* 3.6*
Transportation and material moving 7.3 8.2* 7.7* 5.5*
* Indicates a percentage that differs significantly from the national percentage at the 90-percent
confidence level.
-- Indicates a value of less than 0.05 percent.
Employment comparisons with Chicago-Naperville-Joliet and
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale
In both Chicago and Los Angeles, office and administrative
support and sales were the two largest occupational groups. In
Chicago these groups accounted for 17.7 and 10.9 percent of
employment, respectively, while in Los Angeles the shares were 19.9
and 10.0 percent, respectively.
Employment in Chicago was higher than the national average in six
occupational groups and lower in eight. Los Angeles exceeded
national employment shares in 9 occupational groups and fell below
in 12 others. As in New York, Chicago and Los Angeles had above-
average employment concentrations in business and financial
operations, legal, and protective service occupations and below-
average representation in food preparation and serving related and
construction and extraction occupations.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| The OES wage and employment data for the 22 major occupational |
| groups in the New York metropolitan area were compared to their |
| respective national averages based on statistical significance |
| testing. Only those occupations with wages or employment shares |
| above or below the national shares after testing for significance at |
| the 90-percent confidence level meet the criteria. NOTE: A value |
| that is statistically different from another does not necessarily |
| mean that the difference has economic or practical significance. |
| Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make |
| confident statements about a universe based on a sample. It is |
| entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not |
| significantly different statistically, while a small difference is, |
| since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the |
| relative error of the data being tested. |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_______________________________
1The New York-Wayne-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division consists
of New York City, Putnam, Rockland, and Westchester counties in New York;
and Bergen, Hudson, and Passaic Counties in New Jersey. For convenience,
the New York Metropolitan Division is referred to as New York throughout
this release.
2The Chicago-Naperville-Joliet IL Metropolitan Division consists of Cook,
DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, McHenry, and Will counties. The
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale CA Metropolitan Division consists of
Los Angeles County. For convenience, these are referred to as Chicago
and Los Angeles, respectively.
NYLS - 7294 Labor - New York
08/2/07
Technical Note
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a
semiannual mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage
rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the
United States. Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are
surveyed, but their data are not included in this release. OES
estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.2 million
establishments. Forms are mailed to approximately 200,000
establishments in May and November of each year for a 3-year period.
The nationwide response rate for the May 2006 survey was 78.1
percent based on establishments and 73.4 percent based on
employment. The survey included establishments sampled in the May
2006, November 2005, May 2005, November 2004, May 2004, and November
2003 semiannual panels. The sample in the New York- metropolitan
division included 23,146 establishments with a response rate of 69
percent. In Chicago and Los Angeles the samples sizes were 13,988
and 17,209, respectively, and the response rates were 73 and 74
percent, respectively.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB-
required occupational classification system for federal agencies.
The OES survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations.
Together, these detailed occupations make up 23 major occupational
groups, 22 of which are covered in this release. The one exception
is military specific occupations which are not included in the OES
survey.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web
site at http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical
support, while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of
the data. BLS produces cross-industry and industry-specific
estimates for the nation, states, and metropolitan statistical areas
(MSAs). Industry-specific estimates are produced at the NAICS
sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-digit industry levels. BLS
releases all cross-industry and national estimates; the SWAs release
industry-specific estimates at the state and MSA levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe
from which the OES survey draws its sample. Employment benchmarks
are obtained from reports submitted by employers to the UI program.
The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan areas and industry. Samples selected in panels
prior to May 2005 were stratified using MSA definitions based on the
1990 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards. Beginning with the
May 2005 panel, the sample was stratified using new MSA definitions
based on the 2000 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and
salary employment in an occupation across the industries surveyed.
The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can
be classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on
paid vacations or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-
term absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of
incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units;
and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty
station regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay,
exclusive of premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances,
guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including
commissions and production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are
included. Excluded are: back pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay,
severance pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, employer
cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation
is the total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an
hour divided by the total employment of the occupation. To
calculate the mean hourly wage of each occupation, total weighted
hourly wages are summed across all intervals and divided by the
occupation's weighted survey employment. The mean wage for each
interval is based on occupational wage data collected by the BLS
Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National
Compensation Survey (NCS).
Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by
their employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per
week. Annual wage estimates for most occupations in this release
are calculated by multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round,
full-time" figure of 2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus,
annual wage estimates may not represent the actual annual pay
received by the employee if they work more or less than 2,080 hours
per year. Some workers typically work less than fulltime, year
round. For these occupations, the OES survey collects and reports
either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how
the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example,
teachers, flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual
salary, but do not work the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this
case, an annual salary is reported. Other workers, such as
entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but generally do not
work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage
is reported.
Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation,
respondents are asked to report the number of employees paid within
specific wage intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly
rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for
an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a
typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establishment can
reference either the hourly or the annual rate for full-time
workers, but they are instructed to report the hourly rate for part-
time workers.
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments.
The OES survey is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3
years) of data. The full six-panel sample of 1.2 million
establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels
of geography, industry, and occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are
obtained by combining six panels of data, particularly for small
geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current panel need
no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to
be updated to the current panel's reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to
adjust survey data from prior panels before combining them with the
current panel's data. The wage updating procedure adjusts each
detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel,
according to the average movement of its broader occupational
division. The procedure assumes that there are no major differences
by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the
occupational division.
May 2006 OES survey estimates. The May 2006 OES survey
estimates are based on all data collected from establishments in the
May 2006, November 2005, May 2005, November 2004, May 2004, November
2003 semiannual samples.
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a
sample survey are subject to two types of error: sampling and
nonsampling. Sampling error occurs when estimates are calculated
from a subset (that is, a sample) of the population instead of the
full population. When a sample of the population is surveyed, there
is a chance that the sample estimate of the characteristic of
interest may differ from the population value of that
characteristic. Differences between the sample estimate and the
population value will vary depending on the sample selected. This
variability can be estimated by calculating the standard error (SE)
of the sample estimate. If we were to repeat the sampling and
estimation process countless times using the same survey design,
approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding and
subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would include the
population value. These intervals are called 90-percent confidence
intervals. The OES survey, however, usually uses the relative
standard error (RSE) of a sample estimate instead of its SE to
measure sampling error. RSE is defined as the SE of a sample
estimate divided by the sample estimate itself. This statistic
provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of the
sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational
employment and mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment
RSEs are calculated using a subsample, random group replication
technique called the jackknife. Mean wage rate RSEs are calculated
using a variance components model that accounts for both the
observed and unobserved components of the wage data. The variances
of the unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the
BLS National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on
many establishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few
establishments. If the distributional assumptions of the models are
violated, the resulting confidence intervals may not reflect the
prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of
which are directly connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling
error include: nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the
respondent, mistakes made in entering collected data into the
database, and mistakes made in editing and processing the collected
data.
Additional information
The May 2006 OES national data by occupation, comparable to
data in table 1, are available on the BLS Web site at
http://www.bls.gov/oes. Users also may access each occupation's
definition and percentile wages. The May 2006 cross-industry data
for states and metropolitan areas are also available on the BLS Web
site, as are the industry staffing patterns at the sector, 3-, 4-,
and selected 5-digit NAICS levels. These data include industry-
specific occupational employment and wage data. A more detailed
technical note for OES is available at
http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.tn.htm.
OES data are available on our regional web page at
http://www.bls.gov/ro2/home.htm. If you have additional questions,
contact the New York Economic Analysis and Information Unit at
212-767-6970. Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-
5200; TDD message referral phone number:
1-800-337-2400.
Table 1. Employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey,
by occupation, New York-Wayne-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division, May 2006
Median
Mean wages hourly
Occupation Employment1 Hourly Annual2 wages
Management occupations 261,010 $ 59.30 $ 123,340 $ 54.28
Chief executives 9,810 87.98 183,000 (3)
General and operations managers 57,400 66.04 137,360 63.29
Legislators 910 (4) 56,100 (4)
Advertising and promotions managers 4,080 60.75 126,360 56.68
Marketing managers 11,990 67.84 141,120 64.23
Sales managers 11,380 68.84 143,180 67.39
Public relations managers 4,580 59.80 124,390 55.61
Administrative services managers 13,330 46.55 96,830 43.64
Computer and information systems managers 15,120 64.22 133,570 60.91
Financial managers 40,470 68.54 142,570 65.97
Compensation and benefits managers 2,370 53.16 110,570 50.12
Training and development managers 2,120 54.45 113,250 53.08
Human resources managers, all other 4,300 50.87 105,810 46.08
Industrial production managers 3,060 50.69 105,430 45.74
Purchasing managers 2,550 52.02 108,210 45.61
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 3,240 48.79 101,490 43.27
Construction managers 7,570 56.35 117,210 50.87
Education administrators, preschool and child care
center/program 1,980 30.21 62,830 27.32
Education administrators, postsecondary 4,570 45.63 94,900 42.71
Education administrators, all other 1,100 44.40 92,350 39.49
Engineering managers 3,570 60.63 126,110 57.22
Food service managers 5,140 27.17 56,520 25.00
Funeral directors 600 31.29 65,080 27.53
Lodging managers 440 36.43 75,780 34.72
Medical and health services managers 15,550 48.36 100,590 43.83
Natural sciences managers 890 66.44 138,200 63.15
Postmasters and mail superintendents 170 34.48 71,730 34.20
Property, real estate, and community association
managers 4,850 40.57 84,380 33.38
Social and community service managers 7,050 34.56 71,880 32.76
Managers, all other 11,050 49.37 102,700 45.31
Business and financial operations occupations 274,100 36.45 75,820 31.71
Agents and business managers of artists, performers,
and athletes 1,420 51.04 106,170 45.12
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 290 46.23 96,160 42.16
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 6,760 31.61 65,750 27.32
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm
products 7,050 30.71 63,880 29.18
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 12,140 30.07 62,550 28.51
Insurance appraisers, auto damage 170 25.83 53,730 25.69
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,
health and safety, and transportation 12,170 29.31 60,960 26.09
Cost estimators 5,020 34.96 72,720 33.57
Emergency management specialists 290 26.43 54,980 23.43
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 12,080 30.38 63,200 23.65
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 9,290 29.23 60,790 28.65
Training and development specialists 7,640 28.92 60,160 27.51
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists, all other 8,700 26.34 54,790 25.08
Logisticians 1,830 36.35 75,610 35.44
Management analysts 21,570 42.11 87,590 36.42
Meeting and convention planners 2,920 27.55 57,310 25.78
Business operations specialists, all other 19,890 33.19 69,030 31.35
Accountants and auditors 67,240 36.20 75,300 32.79
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 1,420 31.89 66,330 31.64
Budget analysts 1,410 34.96 72,720 31.89
Credit analysts 3,400 44.37 92,300 37.86
Financial analysts 26,530 46.61 96,960 40.09
Personal financial advisors 16,050 55.13 114,670 47.30
Insurance underwriters 5,660 36.53 75,990 34.07
Financial examiners 1,980 39.40 81,960 35.94
Loan counselors 900 19.52 40,590 17.72
Loan officers 8,320 37.61 78,230 28.60
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 2,090 33.28 69,210 31.74
Tax preparers 2,530 17.07 35,500 13.40
Financial specialists, all other 7,350 31.74 66,020 28.50
Computer and mathematical science occupations 142,300 38.13 79,320 36.59
Computer and information scientists, research 1,210 53.95 112,210 51.55
Computer programmers 23,600 36.67 76,270 35.01
Computer software engineers, applications 24,360 43.11 89,670 42.29
Computer software engineers, systems software 11,500 45.97 95,610 44.89
Computer support specialists 22,620 25.68 53,420 24.20
Computer systems analysts 22,000 40.67 84,580 38.91
Database administrators 5,790 39.26 81,670 37.24
Network and computer systems administrators 12,940 39.44 82,040 38.52
Network systems and data communications analysts 11,220 38.80 80,700 37.04
Computer specialists, all other 3,240 31.67 65,870 29.68
Actuaries 1,320 53.22 110,690 49.35
Mathematicians 40 43.38 90,230 43.20
Operations research analysts 1,820 40.00 83,210 35.09
Statisticians 420 31.83 66,200 30.77
Mathematical scientists, all other (5) 36.07 75,020 37.96
Architecture and engineering occupations 47,030 34.74 72,270 32.41
Architects, except landscape and naval 7,380 36.20 75,290 33.12
Landscape architects 220 35.15 73,100 35.36
Cartographers and photogrammetrists 70 27.30 56,790 25.94
Surveyors 750 29.84 62,060 28.54
Aerospace engineers 130 40.39 84,020 40.26
Biomedical engineers 390 38.04 79,120 36.77
Chemical engineers 380 40.99 85,260 40.87
Civil engineers 6,280 38.24 79,550 36.49
Computer hardware engineers 1,550 52.45 109,100 46.68
Electrical engineers 3,180 42.10 87,580 41.45
Electronics engineers, except computer 1,640 40.93 85,140 39.67
Environmental engineers 1,890 38.31 79,680 37.08
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety
engineers and inspectors 630 38.59 80,270 38.10
Industrial engineers 2,590 39.57 82,300 39.17
Marine engineers and naval architects (5) 31.33 65,170 27.57
Materials engineers 170 35.63 74,110 35.76
Mechanical engineers 2,700 37.29 77,570 34.73
Engineers, all other 1,220 39.20 81,540 37.93
Architectural and civil drafters 4,380 24.41 50,780 23.29
Electrical and electronics drafters 850 29.87 62,120 30.40
Mechanical drafters 1,810 29.82 62,030 26.15
Drafters, all other 510 24.26 50,470 24.28
Civil engineering technicians 1,040 23.57 49,020 22.58
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 4,160 29.44 61,240 30.35
Electro-mechanical technicians 130 23.08 48,000 22.47
Environmental engineering technicians 410 21.22 44,130 19.86
Industrial engineering technicians 470 27.31 56,800 26.45
Mechanical engineering technicians 380 22.13 46,030 21.68
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 480 23.27 48,390 22.36
Surveying and mapping technicians 790 20.13 41,880 18.41
Life, physical, and social science occupations 49,080 32.68 67,970 29.22
Food scientists and technologists 130 36.53 75,970 36.51
Soil and plant scientists 40 33.72 70,140 32.67
Biochemists and biophysicists 780 36.80 76,550 34.02
Microbiologists 780 32.17 66,910 29.01
Zoologists and wildlife biologists 50 19.52 40,600 15.59
Biological scientists, all other 440 30.75 63,970 31.22
Conservation scientists 200 30.18 62,780 30.01
Epidemiologists 270 38.96 81,040 34.73
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 2,250 37.79 78,600 33.31
Life scientists, all other 370 31.02 64,520 30.92
Physicists 170 50.24 104,510 47.33
Chemists 3,180 35.49 73,820 32.86
Materials scientists (5) 32.73 68,070 29.38
Environmental scientists and specialists, including
health 3,000 36.85 76,640 31.88
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers (5) 30.35 63,140 27.12
Hydrologists 50 30.79 64,040 28.63
Physical scientists, all other 640 42.64 88,690 40.68
Economists 290 47.73 99,280 45.89
Market research analysts 18,340 34.75 72,280 30.86
Survey researchers 410 23.99 49,900 20.88
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 5,260 38.63 80,360 35.52
Industrial-organizational psychologists (5) 50.55 105,140 46.57
Psychologists, all other 240 34.18 71,090 31.87
Sociologists 110 32.97 68,580 29.54
Urban and regional planners 690 31.18 64,860 30.20
Anthropologists and archeologists (5) 26.01 54,110 25.26
Political scientists 120 37.54 78,080 33.49
Social scientists and related workers, all other 1,510 28.35 58,960 28.41
Agricultural and food science technicians 180 17.77 36,970 16.22
Biological technicians 2,240 19.67 40,920 17.67
Chemical technicians 1,370 20.31 42,240 18.88
Social science research assistants 370 18.79 39,090 17.83
Environmental science and protection technicians,
including health 860 19.18 39,900 17.48
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all
other 3,190 20.67 42,990 19.50
Community and social services occupations 100,520 20.53 42,700 18.88
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 5,110 19.82 41,230 19.55
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 11,380 28.14 58,540 27.35
Marriage and family therapists 840 23.98 49,880 23.09
Mental health counselors 4,530 17.62 36,650 15.13
Rehabilitation counselors 9,980 13.73 28,560 12.67
Counselors, all other 1,350 20.97 43,610 19.41
Child, family, and school social workers 15,830 22.69 47,200 20.96
Medical and public health social workers 6,370 24.71 51,400 24.22
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 5,760 21.64 45,010 20.74
Social workers, all other 5,180 24.37 50,690 24.11
Health educators 2,980 21.48 44,680 19.74
Probation officers and correctional treatment
specialists 2,360 26.59 55,320 26.46
Social and human service assistants 16,080 13.79 28,680 13.10
Clergy 3,270 23.44 48,760 21.51
Directors, religious activities and education 910 20.92 43,510 19.29
Religious workers, all other (5) 15.67 32,600 10.48
Legal occupations 75,430 51.23 106,550 43.99
Lawyers 50,190 63.63 132,340 59.13
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators (5) 26.00 54,090 22.88
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 750 61.52 127,950 65.27
Paralegals and legal assistants 17,340 25.67 53,390 24.73
Court reporters 1,020 30.51 63,460 32.38
Law clerks 2,660 19.99 41,580 19.19
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 610 21.35 44,400 20.01
Legal support workers, all other 1,400 22.02 45,800 21.39
Education, training, and library occupations 339,490 30.62 63,690 29.25
Business teachers, postsecondary 1,790 (4) 72,750 (4)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 720 (4) 78,640 (4)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary 1,070 (4) 86,180 (4)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary 680 (4) 76,650 (4)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 1,140 (4) 71,830 (4)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers,
postsecondary 30 (4) 80,150 (4)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 440 (4) 79,080 (4)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary 210 (4) 72,650 (4)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 170 (4) 85,680 (4)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary 140 (4) 82,930 (4)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers,
postsecondary 240 (4) 63,320 (4)
Economics teachers, postsecondary 310 (4) 84,650 (4)
Political science teachers, postsecondary 210 (4) 79,960 (4)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 780 (4) 79,040 (4)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 310 (4) 83,130 (4)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other 220 (4) 67,840 (4)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 4,770 (4) 103,520 (4)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 970 (4) 69,020 (4)
Education teachers, postsecondary 940 (4) 71,460 (4)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers,
postsecondary 260 (4) 64,580 (4)
Law teachers, postsecondary 680 (4) 103,050 (4)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 2,240 (4) 80,860 (4)
Communications teachers, postsecondary 350 (4) 75,350 (4)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 1,490 (4) 73,610 (4)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary 430 (4) 64,010 (4)
History teachers, postsecondary 450 (4) 74,220 (4)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 310 (4) 73,340 (4)
Graduate teaching assistants 4,380 (4) 30,350 (4)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 100 (4) 75,040 (4)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 2,850 23.82 49,550 22.77
Postsecondary teachers, all other 35,310 (4) 88,020 (4)
Preschool teachers, except special education 15,900 23.33 48,530 17.14
Elementary school teachers, except special education 53,910 (4) 76,970 (4)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education 22,910 (4) 77,910 (4)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 90 (4) 67,910 (4)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education 38,250 (4) 81,560 (4)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 2,010 (4) 82,650 (4)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and
elementary school 9,840 (4) 71,030 (4)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers
and instructors 2,540 27.87 57,970 26.42
Self-enrichment education teachers 11,440 21.82 45,380 16.09
Teachers and instructors, all other 17,260 (4) 38,900 (4)
Archivists 520 22.92 47,680 21.23
Curators 650 32.10 66,770 31.52
Museum technicians and conservators 390 22.00 45,750 21.20
Librarians 5,080 27.89 58,000 26.10
Library technicians 2,900 15.44 32,110 14.96
Audio-visual collections specialists 120 17.53 36,460 18.20
Instructional coordinators 3,350 31.28 65,060 28.99
Teacher assistants 60,300 (4) 23,680 (4)
Education, training, and library workers, all other 1,730 23.76 49,420 22.61
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 127,640 31.37 65,260 26.24
Art directors 4,330 51.25 106,600 46.05
Craft artists 320 21.57 44,860 20.43
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and
illustrators 1,040 26.62 55,370 24.52
Multi-media artists and animators 2,320 29.85 62,090 28.10
Artists and related workers, all other 250 29.65 61,680 26.84
Commercial and industrial designers 2,590 30.56 63,570 25.50
Fashion designers 6,920 37.70 78,410 34.83
Floral designers 1,470 13.86 28,820 12.99
Graphic designers 14,580 27.66 57,530 25.51
Interior designers 2,390 28.41 59,100 26.32
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 2,240 18.05 37,540 16.84
Set and exhibit designers 1,010 25.13 52,270 23.77
Designers, all other 680 25.67 53,390 21.27
Actors 5,550 40.18 (4) 38.61
Producers and directors 9,970 49.65 103,270 43.85
Coaches and scouts 3,220 (4) 40,390 (4)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 100 (4) 44,290 (4)
Choreographers 280 (5) (5) (5)
Music directors and composers 1,050 27.35 56,890 22.23
Musicians and singers 5,630 34.68 (4) 20.41
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers,
all other (5) 22.23 (4) 21.16
Radio and television announcers 1,120 38.52 80,120 29.90
Public address system and other announcers 190 22.27 46,320 14.50
Broadcast news analysts 340 43.50 90,490 30.84
Reporters and correspondents 4,140 28.75 59,810 24.53
Public relations specialists 15,380 27.32 56,820 25.25
Editors 13,140 33.74 70,170 28.84
Technical writers 1,300 35.56 73,960 34.01
Writers and authors 3,440 32.76 68,140 27.16
Interpreters and translators 1,590 22.81 47,450 20.81
Media and communication workers, all other 1,650 26.39 54,900 23.18
Audio and video equipment technicians 3,310 21.09 43,860 17.35
Broadcast technicians 2,780 23.09 48,020 20.61
Radio operators (5) 14.80 30,790 11.60
Sound engineering technicians 2,870 25.57 53,180 22.80
Photographers 2,800 21.35 44,400 16.67
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 2,090 20.43 42,500 19.61
Film and video editors 2,570 29.65 61,670 26.19
Media and communication equipment workers, all other 890 30.28 62,980 30.67
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 255,550 36.32 75,540 31.31
Chiropractors 570 37.16 77,280 34.92
Dentists, general 4,480 60.70 126,250 59.14
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons (5) 68.75 142,990 (3)
Orthodontists 90 90.40 188,030 (3)
Dentists, all other specialists 260 51.67 107,470 33.89
Dietitians and nutritionists 2,510 25.51 53,060 24.90
Optometrists 700 51.46 107,040 49.58
Pharmacists 7,850 42.89 89,210 43.16
Anesthesiologists 690 (3) (3) (3)
Family and general practitioners 2,070 70.31 146,250 68.27
Internists, general 2,010 75.68 157,420 (3)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 750 82.45 171,490 (3)
Pediatricians, general 960 63.33 131,730 59.86
Psychiatrists 2,490 60.86 126,590 64.58
Surgeons 2,120 87.28 181,540 (3)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 23,870 61.23 127,350 60.12
Physician assistants 3,310 37.92 78,880 39.12
Podiatrists 700 60.89 126,660 57.18
Registered nurses 96,720 35.98 74,830 34.75
Audiologists 330 33.35 69,360 31.84
Occupational therapists 4,170 32.71 68,040 30.08
Physical therapists 6,550 35.57 73,980 33.02
Radiation therapists 540 38.15 79,360 37.91
Recreational therapists 1,510 21.25 44,190 20.96
Respiratory therapists 3,350 29.26 60,860 29.16
Speech-language pathologists 3,040 (5) (5) (5)
Therapists, all other 170 26.23 54,560 24.75
Veterinarians 760 52.96 110,150 45.68
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 1,140 51.83 107,810 48.46
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 6,940 26.60 55,340 26.52
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 6,550 19.40 40,350 18.07
Dental hygienists 4,050 32.88 68,380 33.21
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 1,880 23.89 49,690 22.85
Diagnostic medical sonographers 2,140 29.36 61,060 28.10
Nuclear medicine technologists 730 33.67 70,030 33.61
Radiologic technologists and technicians 5,680 30.04 62,480 30.01
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 8,120 18.52 38,520 18.03
Dietetic technicians 540 16.05 33,380 15.99
Pharmacy technicians 7,370 13.98 29,080 13.72
Psychiatric technicians 880 17.51 36,410 17.44
Respiratory therapy technicians 530 24.04 50,010 24.61
Surgical technologists 3,220 19.48 40,530 18.32
Veterinary technologists and technicians 1,220 15.36 31,950 14.83
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 20,630 21.61 44,940 21.61
Medical records and health information technicians 3,840 18.57 38,620 17.89
Opticians, dispensing 1,470 21.96 45,680 21.95
Orthotists and prosthetists (5) 31.74 66,020 32.52
Health technologists and technicians, all other 2,440 21.54 44,800 19.93
Occupational health and safety specialists 850 29.73 61,840 29.10
Athletic trainers 350 (4) 44,080 (4)
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all
other 830 31.78 66,110 31.20
Healthcare support occupations 195,440 12.39 25,780 11.60
Home health aides 95,560 9.68 20,140 9.59
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 55,940 14.49 30,130 14.58
Psychiatric aides 2,900 15.31 31,840 15.30
Occupational therapist assistants 660 21.25 44,200 21.12
Occupational therapist aides 350 15.60 32,450 14.28
Physical therapist assistants 1,370 21.61 44,940 21.91
Physical therapist aides 1,610 12.91 26,850 12.09
Massage therapists 1,260 26.07 54,230 26.99
Dental assistants 9,550 15.39 32,010 15.20
Medical assistants 10,900 15.03 31,250 14.55
Medical equipment preparers 1,160 15.95 33,180 16.03
Medical transcriptionists 1,620 17.48 36,360 17.56
Pharmacy aides 2,110 10.94 22,760 10.72
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 1,190 12.58 26,180 11.51
Healthcare support workers, all other 9,250 15.50 32,240 15.18
Protective service occupations 180,030 20.20 42,010 18.27
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service
workers, all other 3,530 23.90 49,720 22.69
Bailiffs 2,080 24.53 51,020 25.76
Detectives and criminal investigators 5,510 29.88 62,140 27.09
Parking enforcement workers 590 16.31 33,930 15.25
Animal control workers 100 15.96 33,200 15.00
Private detectives and investigators 1,160 23.24 48,340 22.29
Security guards 76,850 12.30 25,590 11.13
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational
protective service workers 3,990 10.21 21,230 9.84
Protective service workers, all other 1,120 17.51 36,420 15.38
Food preparation and serving related occupations 296,550 11.28 23,460 9.80
Chefs and head cooks 3,460 23.26 48,380 20.83
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and
serving workers 23,050 15.75 32,750 14.88
Cooks, fast food 13,820 8.42 17,500 7.80
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 6,450 13.99 29,100 13.70
Cooks, restaurant 21,540 12.90 26,820 12.17
Cooks, short order 4,280 10.65 22,150 10.24
Cooks, all other 930 12.95 26,930 12.45
Food preparation workers 40,800 10.50 21,840 9.99
Bartenders 13,320 12.58 26,170 10.97
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including
fast food 41,380 8.23 17,110 7.10
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and
coffee shop 18,860 8.99 18,700 8.21
Waiters and waitresses 69,030 12.22 25,420 10.67
Food servers, nonrestaurant 7,300 13.89 28,890 13.66
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender
helpers 11,440 9.73 20,250 8.17
Dishwashers 13,480 8.72 18,140 7.77
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 6,820 10.92 22,710 10.19
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 570 9.69 20,140 8.91
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 168,630 13.47 28,010 12.72
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and
janitorial workers 7,260 20.03 41,660 20.04
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers 2,220 24.76 51,500 24.80
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping
cleaners 108,510 12.65 26,310 11.89
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 27,860 14.43 30,020 14.51
Building cleaning workers, all other (5) 13.31 27,680 12.61
Pest control workers 1,420 15.31 31,850 15.35
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 17,440 13.23 27,530 12.18
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators,
vegetation 530 17.77 36,960 15.93
Tree trimmers and pruners 300 19.59 40,740 20.15
Personal care and service occupations 163,440 13.28 27,620 10.92
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service
workers 5,900 21.48 44,670 18.08
Animal trainers 240 15.65 32,550 15.60
Nonfarm animal caretakers 1,700 10.87 22,600 9.20
Motion picture projectionists 420 14.46 30,070 14.56
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 7,550 11.95 24,860 10.71
Amusement and recreation attendants (5) 9.62 20,010 8.45
Costume attendants 370 19.05 39,620 19.56
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 900 10.62 22,100 9.73
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other 150 14.93 31,050 11.89
Embalmers 210 28.67 59,620 21.31
Funeral attendants 650 11.25 23,400 10.54
Barbers (5) 10.13 21,070 8.87
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 14,250 13.73 28,560 12.20
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 180 23.98 49,870 21.78
Manicurists and pedicurists 4,000 9.54 19,850 9.12
Shampooers 1,240 8.86 18,420 8.41
Skin care specialists 1,100 15.35 31,920 11.99
Baggage porters and bellhops 3,250 13.56 28,190 12.71
Concierges 1,770 17.01 35,390 17.48
Tour guides and escorts 1,440 11.43 23,780 10.01
Travel guides 90 15.86 33,000 15.73
Flight attendants 8,710 (4) 61,300 (4)
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and
baggage porters 610 8.85 18,400 7.94
Child care workers 37,580 11.30 23,510 11.53
Personal and home care aides 43,770 9.82 20,420 9.82
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 9,010 22.09 45,960 20.69
Recreation workers 12,240 12.00 24,970 10.88
Residential advisors 790 15.53 32,300 14.96
Personal care and service workers, all other 1,830 12.81 26,640 11.07
Sales and related occupations 517,490 22.58 46,970 14.65
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 27,840 22.09 45,950 19.43
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales
workers 15,820 52.31 108,810 46.99
Cashiers 101,720 9.23 19,200 7.99
Counter and rental clerks 10,760 12.10 25,170 10.20
Parts salespersons 3,690 15.88 33,030 14.17
Retail salespersons 150,490 12.06 25,090 9.70
Advertising sales agents 21,120 28.75 59,800 26.00
Insurance sales agents 9,630 37.55 78,110 27.76
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents 31,910 53.60 111,490 46.43
Travel agents 6,360 17.41 36,220 16.95
Sales representatives, services, all other 22,160 30.80 64,060 27.29
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
technical and scientific products 9,880 40.92 85,110 38.09
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products 71,400 33.46 69,600 28.31
Demonstrators and product promoters 2,140 16.30 33,900 13.31
Real estate brokers (5) 48.24 100,340 37.20
Real estate sales agents 11,010 40.38 83,990 32.10
Sales engineers 2,200 46.86 97,470 43.67
Telemarketers 10,620 15.31 31,850 13.61
Sales and related workers, all other 4,980 23.87 49,640 21.12
Office and administrative support occupations 1,001,560 17.14 35,640 16.02
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers 64,240 26.93 56,010 25.51
Switchboard operators, including answering service 6,100 14.48 30,120 14.11
Telephone operators 1,200 18.65 38,780 19.46
Communications equipment operators, all other 100 22.08 45,920 20.13
Bill and account collectors 10,300 17.92 37,280 16.67
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 18,600 16.90 35,150 16.52
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 72,070 18.04 37,510 17.56
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 9,870 17.55 36,510 17.01
Procurement clerks 3,010 17.43 36,250 17.13
Tellers 19,690 11.37 23,650 10.87
Brokerage clerks 14,870 21.53 44,770 19.86
Correspondence clerks 430 17.33 36,050 16.90
Court, municipal, and license clerks 4,290 24.42 50,780 22.96
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 2,710 16.82 34,990 16.61
Customer service representatives 86,140 17.88 37,180 16.36
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 4,820 18.48 38,450 17.74
File clerks 13,320 13.24 27,540 12.70
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 3,210 14.39 29,940 13.96
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 9,070 14.69 30,550 14.79
Library assistants, clerical 3,530 12.67 26,350 12.63
Loan interviewers and clerks 5,880 17.58 36,570 17.11
New accounts clerks 4,200 15.42 32,070 14.40
Order clerks 7,190 15.38 31,980 15.09
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping 6,260 18.27 38,000 17.95
Receptionists and information clerks 49,840 13.45 27,970 13.09
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel
clerks 6,460 15.65 32,540 15.48
All other information and record clerks 4,370 17.56 36,530 16.90
Cargo and freight agents 5,590 18.58 38,640 18.89
Couriers and messengers 9,910 10.78 22,430 9.36
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 6,600 16.92 35,200 15.35
Meter readers, utilities 460 18.81 39,120 19.64
Postal service clerks 3,800 21.56 44,850 21.82
Postal service mail carriers 13,370 21.08 43,850 21.49
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing
machine operators 13,620 20.65 42,950 21.48
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 10,010 21.76 45,270 21.03
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 24,870 13.74 28,570 12.89
Stock clerks and order fillers 57,420 10.82 22,500 9.27
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping 2,020 12.60 26,210 11.25
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 93,200 23.19 48,230 22.07
Legal secretaries 19,160 22.14 46,040 21.48
Medical secretaries 9,700 16.16 33,620 16.02
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 99,600 16.03 33,340 15.34
Computer operators 7,860 18.19 37,830 17.46
Data entry keyers 14,450 13.76 28,610 13.21
Word processors and typists 9,350 16.75 34,830 16.11
Desktop publishers 1,480 22.12 46,010 22.25
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 7,360 16.94 35,240 16.37
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except
postal service 7,520 14.35 29,840 13.07
Office clerks, general 126,570 13.28 27,620 12.90
Proofreaders and copy markers 1,770 18.46 38,400 18.57
Statistical assistants 730 19.70 40,970 18.47
Office and administrative support workers, all other 14,890 13.01 27,060 11.26
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 1,790 12.14 25,240 9.94
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers 40 20.05 41,710 20.94
Agricultural inspectors 130 22.67 47,150 22.48
Graders and sorters, agricultural products 810 9.42 19,600 8.05
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 350 10.82 22,500 10.22
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 200 (5) (5) (5)
Fallers (5) 24.75 51,480 21.29
Construction and extraction occupations 163,110 27.13 56,420 25.74
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades
and extraction workers 13,990 38.29 79,650 36.50
Brickmasons and blockmasons 2,730 26.86 55,870 24.43
Stonemasons 520 20.36 42,350 18.63
Carpenters 25,410 26.22 54,540 25.05
Carpet installers 850 27.47 57,130 25.29
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles 500 20.18 41,970 16.44
Tile and marble setters 1,450 27.37 56,940 26.82
Cement masons and concrete finishers 2,900 28.83 59,960 30.07
Terrazzo workers and finishers (5) 15.74 32,740 13.26
Construction laborers 23,510 22.73 47,280 23.38
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 1,360 25.04 52,080 23.98
Operating engineers and other construction equipment
operators 5,450 34.16 71,040 34.74
Drywall and ceiling tile installers 2,550 25.63 53,310 24.04
Tapers 810 30.11 62,630 31.48
Electricians 22,710 32.12 66,800 30.00
Glaziers 1,400 21.30 44,300 18.84
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 610 27.92 58,080 30.31
Insulation workers, mechanical 190 (5) (5) (5)
Painters, construction and maintenance 7,180 22.89 47,620 20.38
Paperhangers 440 20.83 43,330 18.66
Pipelayers 550 21.31 44,320 22.88
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 15,250 28.14 58,520 26.19
Plasterers and stucco masons 720 25.66 53,360 27.15
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 330 33.79 70,280 34.67
Roofers 2,330 22.13 46,030 17.76
Sheet metal workers 3,360 27.94 58,110 28.94
Structural iron and steel workers 2,200 34.14 71,000 37.46
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile
and marble setters 900 21.88 45,510 23.64
Helpers--carpenters 3,500 12.74 26,490 11.12
Helpers--electricians 2,500 16.31 33,930 15.09
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco
masons 190 12.20 25,380 10.92
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and
steamfitters 1,980 15.26 31,730 13.50
Helpers--roofers 220 13.72 28,530 11.02
Helpers, construction trades, all other 920 16.51 34,350 14.68
Construction and building inspectors 2,940 26.43 54,970 25.28
Elevator installers and repairers 3,190 31.56 65,640 32.14
Fence erectors 410 14.24 29,630 13.43
Hazardous materials removal workers 2,360 20.89 43,450 20.77
Highway maintenance workers 2,670 21.30 44,310 21.58
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners (5) 19.63 40,830 18.63
Construction and related workers, all other 700 19.13 39,790 16.30
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 120 22.65 47,120 19.29
Helpers--extraction workers (5) 18.49 38,470 19.60
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 163,300 21.78 45,300 21.07
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers 11,660 33.18 69,010 33.02
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 5,640 21.46 44,630 20.25
Radio mechanics 280 28.52 59,330 28.40
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers,
except line installers 7,850 28.20 58,650 29.91
Avionics technicians (5) 26.62 55,360 26.14
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 260 18.27 37,990 17.71
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and
industrial equipment 960 20.85 43,360 20.64
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse,
substation, and relay 850 28.71 59,720 27.64
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor
vehicles 480 16.62 34,570 15.38
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and
repairers 830 15.58 32,410 14.74
Security and fire alarm systems installers 1,990 18.27 38,000 17.78
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 2,860 25.77 53,600 25.39
Automotive body and related repairers 3,170 19.48 40,520 17.89
Automotive glass installers and repairers (5) 13.54 28,170 13.51
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 14,740 18.42 38,310 16.62
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 7,080 23.66 49,220 24.27
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 1,020 25.47 52,980 25.23
Motorcycle mechanics 180 14.51 30,170 12.74
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 220 18.85 39,200 20.21
Bicycle repairers 210 10.97 22,820 10.66
Tire repairers and changers 1,110 10.38 21,590 9.51
Mechanical door repairers (5) 16.65 34,630 15.08
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
and installers 7,760 24.91 51,810 25.07
Home appliance repairers 1,210 18.83 39,170 16.72
Industrial machinery mechanics 3,620 22.19 46,160 21.54
Maintenance and repair workers, general 55,850 17.44 36,280 17.15
Maintenance workers, machinery 1,310 20.82 43,310 20.66
Millwrights 410 35.10 73,010 37.22
Camera and photographic equipment repairers (5) 14.54 30,230 11.90
Medical equipment repairers 830 23.07 47,980 21.92
Musical instrument repairers and tuners 140 14.06 29,250 13.60
Watch repairers 200 21.33 44,360 21.06
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 210 30.86 64,190 28.23
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and
repairers 540 13.33 27,730 12.57
Locksmiths and safe repairers 720 17.92 37,260 17.99
Riggers (5) 24.33 50,610 23.96
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 5,670 15.72 32,690 14.79
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 2,280 20.73 43,120 19.75
Production occupations 180,360 14.92 31,030 12.68
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers 12,440 25.94 53,960 24.90
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers 70 16.57 34,460 16.42
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 310 12.44 25,870 12.31
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 2,830 13.25 27,560 12.10
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 1,020 14.77 30,730 14.28
Engine and other machine assemblers 80 15.40 32,040 15.40
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 1,400 18.78 39,070 15.52
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 70 15.43 32,090 15.85
Team assemblers 10,750 11.21 23,320 9.80
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 3,060 12.66 26,330 11.36
Bakers 5,510 12.63 26,270 11.57
Butchers and meat cutters 4,670 16.69 34,710 16.96
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 2,800 11.98 24,920 10.26
Slaughterers and meat packers 210 11.88 24,710 11.18
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders 360 8.90 18,510 7.13
Food batchmakers 1,910 9.53 19,830 8.22
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 800 10.76 22,380 10.39
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and
plastic 820 17.07 35,500 16.32
Numerical tool and process control programmers 170 20.28 42,180 19.44
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 1,470 13.86 28,820 12.71
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 240 11.45 23,820 11.06
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 300 13.96 29,030 13.29
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 2,760 12.32 25,620 11.31
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 230 13.11 27,280 12.44
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool
setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 1,190 13.90 28,900 13.05
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 450 16.53 34,370 16.13
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 230 13.95 29,030 13.24
Machinists 3,730 18.01 37,460 17.20
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 150 14.64 30,440 13.84
Pourers and casters, metal 40 12.80 26,620 11.89
Model makers, metal and plastic 80 21.55 44,820 21.59
Patternmakers, metal and plastic 60 15.97 33,230 15.44
Foundry mold and coremakers 160 13.16 27,380 13.14
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 1,210 12.10 25,160 10.91
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic (5) 15.56 32,360 15.25
Tool and die makers 870 20.91 43,490 20.76
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 2,840 17.86 37,160 16.41
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 330 15.49 32,220 15.83
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 190 14.74 30,660 14.08
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 150 15.72 32,690 15.61
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 350 13.33 27,720 12.83
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 80 13.72 28,540 10.91
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 170 14.15 29,430 13.19
Bindery workers 2,940 13.48 28,050 12.85
Bookbinders 90 19.43 40,410 20.05
Job printers 1,440 18.49 38,460 16.77
Prepress technicians and workers 2,060 21.76 45,260 21.35
Printing machine operators 7,230 16.72 34,780 14.58
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 7,360 10.81 22,480 9.57
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 2,720 8.81 18,330 8.10
Sewing machine operators 17,300 9.99 20,780 8.40
Shoe and leather workers and repairers 990 9.63 20,030 9.48
Shoe machine operators and tenders 40 10.18 21,180 9.23
Sewers, hand 1,530 12.40 25,780 10.91
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 2,430 14.35 29,850 12.28
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and
tenders 710 14.04 29,210 13.56
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 2,360 10.82 22,510 9.77
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators,
and tenders 1,190 11.89 24,740 11.84
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine
setters, operators, and tenders 150 12.26 25,490 12.28
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and
tenders, synthetic and glass fibers (5) 10.20 21,220 9.51
Fabric and apparel patternmakers 1,670 25.91 53,890 26.17
Upholsterers 840 17.77 36,970 18.52
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 740 12.88 26,800 12.10
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 1,960 17.75 36,920 16.50
Furniture finishers 560 17.43 36,250 18.58
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 330 15.25 31,720 14.26
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders,
except sawing 870 12.77 26,570 12.09
Power plant operators 800 31.66 65,860 32.34
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 2,690 28.72 59,730 30.22
Chemical plant and system operators 500 22.33 46,440 22.57
Gas plant operators 260 33.22 69,100 33.07
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and
gaugers (5) 24.62 51,210 25.00
Plant and system operators, all other 150 25.15 52,300 25.94
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 850 18.19 37,830 19.50
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and
still machine setters, operators, and tenders 240 17.94 37,310 17.02
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 680 13.28 27,620 12.78
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 510 11.17 23,220 10.43
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and
tenders 3,850 15.22 31,650 14.91
Cutters and trimmers, hand 910 12.29 25,560 11.68
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders 1,370 13.74 28,590 12.73
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine
setters, operators, and tenders 1,130 13.45 27,970 12.86
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders 250 14.02 29,160 14.24
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 7,180 14.85 30,890 13.40
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 4,240 18.68 38,850 15.93
Dental laboratory technicians 1,320 19.77 41,130 18.04
Medical appliance technicians 200 18.63 38,750 15.43
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 1,020 15.42 32,070 13.66
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 7,080 11.75 24,450 9.79
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters,
operators, and tenders (5) 15.43 32,090 15.31
Painters, transportation equipment 430 20.64 42,920 20.57
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 540 14.58 30,320 15.30
Photographic process workers 860 19.96 41,520 18.40
Photographic processing machine operators 1,470 11.07 23,020 9.25
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders 410 12.22 25,420 11.65
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment
operators and tenders 140 12.04 25,040 10.97
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders (5) 13.41 27,900 15.03
Etchers and engravers 730 15.09 31,390 13.42
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 530 16.01 33,300 13.54
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 1,890 14.22 29,580 13.36
Helpers--production workers 7,380 9.24 19,230 8.36
Production workers, all other 1,530 14.88 30,950 11.54
Transportation and material moving occupations 272,620 16.84 35,040 14.17
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 170 27.59 57,380 26.12
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers,
and material movers, hand 5,130 22.91 47,640 22.26
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and
material-moving machine and vehicle operators 8,620 28.50 59,280 28.55
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers 4,970 (4) 170,220 (4)
Commercial pilots 190 (4) 85,200 (4)
Air traffic controllers 150 56.56 117,630 57.63
Airfield operations specialists (5) 23.03 47,900 22.27
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency
medical technicians 2,160 10.78 22,410 10.61
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 19,730 20.64 42,920 21.43
Bus drivers, school 19,690 15.55 32,330 15.01
Driver/sales workers 5,260 14.08 29,290 13.09
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 23,970 20.38 42,400 20.05
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 29,470 15.59 32,420 14.61
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 7,870 14.41 29,980 13.39
Motor vehicle operators, all other 1,640 15.02 31,250 15.94
Locomotive engineers (5) 27.18 56,540 28.17
Sailors and marine oilers 1,410 17.18 35,740 16.82
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 1,220 29.17 60,660 28.80
Motorboat operators (5) 14.82 30,820 13.98
Ship engineers 720 28.33 58,920 27.90
Parking lot attendants 11,140 9.17 19,080 8.64
Service station attendants 2,760 8.34 17,340 7.78
Transportation workers, all other 1,520 16.80 34,940 17.80
Conveyor operators and tenders 890 15.47 32,180 14.92
Crane and tower operators 240 31.04 64,570 27.73
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 440 22.36 46,500 20.83
Industrial truck and tractor operators 9,280 15.48 32,210 14.76
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 8,560 13.73 28,560 12.10
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 58,370 11.53 23,990 10.32
Machine feeders and offbearers 2,730 10.60 22,050 9.80
Packers and packagers, hand 24,330 9.13 19,000 7.99
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 780 22.76 47,330 20.73
Material moving workers, all other 1,600 13.63 28,340 11.94
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
1Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include
occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
2Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round,
full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly
mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
3Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.
4Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported
either as hourly wages or annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid.
5Estimates not released.
Last Modified Date: August 8, 2007
