Internet Address: http://www.bls.gov/ro2/ For Release: August 4, 2004 Fax-On-Demand: (212) 337-2412 Media Contact: Michael L. Dolfman,(212) 337-2500 Information: Martin Kohli,(212) 337-2420
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES IN NEWARK, MAY 2003
Workers in the Newark metropolitan area1 had an average
(mean) hourly wage rate of $20.69 per hour in May 2003, 18.8
percent above the nationwide average of $17.41, according to the
U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Regional
Commissioner Michael L. Dolfman reported that wages in the Newark
area were notably higher than national wages in 21 of the 22
major occupational groups2. One of every five jobs in the Newark
area was in office and administrative support, making it the most
common occupational category in the area; more so than at the
national level, where office and administrative support
occupations accounted for more than one of every six jobs.
These statistics for wage and salary workers are from the
Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-state
cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies.
The OES survey provides estimates of employment, hourly wages,
and annual wages for 22 major occupational groups and up to 770
detailed occupations for the nation, the states, and 330
metropolitan areas.
Occupational wages in the Newark area
Management and legal occupations were the two highest-paying
occupational groups in the Newark area in May 2003, with workers
in management earning $51.50 per hour and those in legal
occupations earning $47.01. These two occupations were also the
highest paying nationwide, averaging $39.80 for management jobs
and $37.94 for legal occupations. The food preparation and
serving related occupation was the lowest-paid group in both
Newark, $9.43, and the nation, $8.31.
The difference between wages in the Newark area and the
nation was largest for construction and extraction occupations.
In Newark, jobs in this occupational group earned $23.82, 35
percent more than the national average of $17.62. Wages in the
construction and extraction occupational group are often higher
in major metropolitan areas. Within the construction and
extraction group, among the highest paid were first-line
supervisors averaging $32.95, reinforcing iron and rebar workers
at $32.61, and electricians at $31.73. Among other major
occupational groups, hourly wages in the Newark area were more
than 25 percent greater than the national average in management
occupations ($51.50), and sales and related occupations ($19.00).
Wage comparison with other New Jersey areas
Newark is one of the five most populous metropolitan areas
in New Jersey along with Bergen-Passaic, Middlesex-Somerset-
Hunterdon, Monmouth-Ocean, and Jersey City. Overall, the average
wage in the Newark area ($20.69) was notably higher than the
wages in three of the areas - Bergen-Passaic, Monmouth-Ocean, and
Jersey City. (See table A.) Even so, wages in these three areas
ranged from $18.74 to $19.87, or 7 to 14 percent above the
national average of $17.41. In Bergen-Passaic, 18 of the 22
major occupational groups had earnings higher than the national
average for that occupation. The largest difference in wages was
in the construction and extraction occupational group, which
averaged $23.56 per hour in Bergen-Passaic, 33 percent higher
than the national wage. Jersey City and Monmouth-Ocean had
notably higher wages in 15 and 14 of 22 major occupational
groups, respectively. In both areas hourly wages were at least
20 percent higher than the national average in protective service
occupations in May 2003.
In the remaining area, Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, the
average wage, $20.91, was similar to that in Newark. Within
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, 21 of the 22 major occupational
groups had hourly wages considerably higher than their respective
national averages. Wages in this area were more than 30 percent
greater than the national average in management; farming,
fishing, and forestry; and construction and extraction
occupations.
Table A. Occupational wages by major occupational group, United States and the five largest
metropolitan areas in New Jersey, May 2003
Average hourly wage
Middlesex-
United Bergen- Jersey Somerset- Monmouth-
States Newark Passaic City Hunterdon Ocean
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 17.41 20.69 19.87 19.34 20.91 18.74
Management 39.80 51.50 51.15 50.84 52.36 46.50
Business and financial operations 26.71 30.41 28.70 29.45 30.95 30.94
Computer and mathematical 30.40 35.60 29.91 35.93 34.54 38.26
Architecture and engineering 28.48 29.96 30.24 29.94 30.50 32.25
Life, physical, and social science 25.58 29.83 27.16 28.81 30.36 28.92
Community and social services 17.03 20.25 20.50 19.51 19.01 19.55
Legal 37.94 47.01 43.67 39.48 45.40 38.92
Education, training, and library 19.55 22.41 23.42 22.81 22.54 20.11
Arts, design, entertainment, sports,
and media 20.49 21.96 23.30 22.50 21.66 18.04
Healthcare practitioners and technical 26.62 29.28 32.38 31.44 30.05 31.12
Healthcare support 10.94 11.65 11.81 11.04 12.40 11.43
Protective service 16.39 19.61 21.59 20.30 18.43 20.91
Food preparation and serving related 8.31 9.43 9.16 9.10 9.38 8.67
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance 10.12 10.98 11.54 10.33 11.14 11.72
Personal care and service 10.28 11.85 10.62 9.49 11.11 10.17
Sales and related 15.02 19.00 18.40 18.21 19.11 15.39
Office and administrative support 13.59 15.36 15.20 15.11 15.26 14.01
Farming, fishing, and forestry 9.71 11.26 7.84 NA 13.90 9.71
Construction and extraction 17.62 23.82 23.56 21.36 22.96 21.39
Installation, maintenance, and repair 17.41 20.69 20.08 19.01 19.97 20.21
Production 13.80 15.31 14.08 13.24 15.50 14.21
Transportation and material moving 13.27 14.80 13.24 13.26 12.90 12.77
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NA indicates not available.
Occupational employment in the Newark area
The largest major occupational group in the Newark area was
the office and administrative support group, with a total of
198,220 jobs, representing one of every five jobs in the area.
Nationally, there were 22,678,010 jobs in office and administrative
support, comprising slightly more than one of every six jobs.
Newark's larger share reflects, in part, a higher than average
employment distribution in several industries that employ large
numbers of office and administrative workers, including financial
activities and insurance carriers and related industries. The
second highest occupational group in both Newark and the nation
was sales and related occupations. In both the Newark area and
the U.S., slightly more than one of every ten jobs was in this
occupational group. Only one group employed less than 1.0 percent
of the workers in the Newark area-farming, fishing, and forestry.
Employment in this occupational group is typically low in major
metropolitan areas across the country.
The largest difference in employment between the nation and
the area was for office and administrative support occupations
(20.5 percent in Newark and 17.8 percent nationwide) indicating a
higher concentration of office workers in the Newark area.
Several other occupational groups were over-represented in the
Newark area, including business and financial operations and
protective services. On the other hand, food preparation and
serving related occupations, production occupations, construction
and extraction occupations, and architecture and engineering
occupations were all under-represented in the Newark area.
Employment comparisons with other New Jersey areas
As in Newark, the office and administrative support
occupational group accounted for the largest portion of the
workforce in the four other large metropolitan areas in New
Jersey, with percentages either equaling or surpassing the 17.8
percent national share. (See table B.) With the exception of
Monmouth-Ocean, computer and mathematical occupations accounted
for an above-average share (2.2 percent nationally) of employment
in the other four areas in New Jersey. In contrast, none of the
five areas were over-represented in construction and extraction
occupations; nationally this group represented 4.8 percent of the
employed.
More than the other four areas, Jersey City showed the
largest difference in employment shares compared to the nation in
the transportation and material moving occupations - 13.5 percent
in Jersey City compared to 7.4 percent nationally. The same held
true in Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon which averaged an employment
share of 10.6 percent for this occupational group. The Bergen-
Passaic area, like Newark, differed from the national composition
by having a lower share of employment in construction and
extraction occupations. On the other hand, Monmouth-Ocean was
the only area among the five with an employment share similar to
the nation in construction and extraction occupations.
_______________________________
1 The Newark metropolitan area referenced in this release
consists of Essex, Morris, Sussex, Union, and Warren counties.
2 The exception was transportation and material moving
occupations. Even though the wage estimate for transportation
and material moving occupations was higher than its respective
national average, the difference was not significantly higher.
See the Technical Note at the end of the release for an
explanation of significance testing and standard errors.
Table B. Occupational employment by major occupational group, United States and the five largest
metropolitan areas in New Jersey, May 2003
Percent of total employment
Middlesex-
United Bergen- Jersey Somerset- Monmouth-
States Newark Passaic City Hunterdon Ocean
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Management 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.6 5.5 4.0
Business and financial operations 3.9 5.0 4.1 4.3 4.7 3.9
Computer and mathematical 2.2 2.8 2.7 3.6 5.0 2.3
Architecture and engineering 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.8 1.8
Life, physical, and social science 0.9 1.1 NA NA 1.7 0.6
Community and social services 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.6
Legal 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6
Education, training, and library 6.1 6.3 5.6 5.5 5.6 7.3
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and
media 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0
Healthcare practitioners and technical 4.8 4.5 4.3 3.7 3.6 5.4
Healthcare support 2.5 2.6 3.1 2.2 2.0 2.9
Protective service 2.4 3.0 2.5 3.6 2.6 2.3
Food preparation and serving related 8.0 5.3 6.3 4.7 5.0 9.0
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance 3.3 3.9 3.1 3.4 3.0 3.5
Personal care and service 2.3 2.7 2.2 1.8 2.1 3.8
Sales and related 10.6 10.4 12.1 10.3 10.7 13.2
Office and administrative support 17.8 20.5 21.3 24.3 19.4 18.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry 0.4 0.1 NA NA 0.1 0.1
Construction and extraction 4.8 3.6 3.4 2.4 3.2 4.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.8
Production 8.2 6.3 7.3 5.2 7.3 3.2
Transportation and material moving 7.4 7.8 8.0 13.5 10.6 5.9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NA indicates not available.
NYLS - 7163 Labor - New York
7/30/04
Technical Note
Scope of the survey
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is
a semiannual mail survey measuring occupational employment
and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments, by industry, in the United States, Guam,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. In 2002, the OES
survey switched from Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) coding to the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS). The nationwide response rate for the May
2003 survey was 79 percent for establishment units. The
three-year sample in the Newark area included 5,993
establishments, with a response rate of 75 percent. In
Jersey City, Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, Monmouth-Ocean,
and Bergen-Passaic the sample sizes were 2,417; 4,450;
3,916; and 5,130 establishments, respectively, while the
response rates were 76, 74, 78, and 74 percent,
respectively.
In November 2002, the OES survey changed from an annual
survey of 400,000 to a semiannual survey of 200,000. The
OES survey samples and contacts establishments in May and
November of each year and, over three years, contacts
approximately 1.2 million establishments. Because of the
transition to semiannual collection, the May 2003 data were
combined with the November 2002 sample and annual samples
from 2001 and 2000. In addition, data from 1999 were
included to provide complete coverage of certainty strata.
While estimates can be made from a single year or two years
of data, achieving the desired precision for OES survey
estimates requires the full three years of sample. (See
Estimation methodology section.) The full sample allows the
production of estimates at fine levels of geographic,
industrial, and occupational detail. Survey estimates are
based on data collected using the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC). A brief description of the SOC
classification system is provided below.
The Standard Occupational Classification system
In 1999, the OES survey began using the Office of
Management and Budget's (OMB) occupational classification
system, the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. The SOC system is the first OMB-required
occupational classification system for federal agencies.
The OES survey categorizes workers in one of about 770
detailed occupations. Together, these detailed occupations
comprise 22 major occupational groups. The major groups are
as follows:
Management occupations
Business and financial operations occupations
Computer and mathematical science occupations
Architecture and engineering occupations
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Community and social services occupations
Legal occupations
Education, training, and library occupations
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations
Healthcare support occupations
Protective service occupations
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
Personal care and service occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations
Military specific occupations (not surveyed in OES)
For more information about the SOC system, please see the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) website at http://www.bls.gov/soc.
The industry coding system
The OES survey currently uses the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) to classify all
establishments. An establishment is defined as an economic
unit that processes goods or provides services, such as a
factory, mine, or store. The establishment is generally at
a single physical location and is engaged primarily in one
type of economic activity.
The scope of the OES survey includes establishments in
NAICS sectors 11 (logging and support activities for
agriculture only), 21, 22, 23, 31-33, 42, 44-45, 48-49, 51,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 71, 72, 81 (except private
households), state government, and local government. This
scope covers workers in logging; support activities for
agriculture; mining; utilities; construction; manufacturing;
wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and
warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate
and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and
technical services; management of companies and enterprises;
administrative and support and waste management and
remediation services; educational services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation;
accommodation and food services; other services (except
public administration); and state & local government. Data
for the U.S. Postal Service (most of NAICS code 4911) and
the federal government are universe counts obtained from the
Postal Service and the Office of Personnel Management,
respectively.
Survey coverage
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and
technical support, while the States Workforce Agencies
(SWAs) collect the data. BLS produces cross-industry NAICS
estimates for the nation, states, and metropolitan
statistical areas (MSAs). NAICS estimates are produced
primarily at the 4-digit level with some 5-digit exceptions.
BLS releases all cross-industry and national estimates, and
the SWAs release industry estimates at the state and MSA
levels.
The OES survey defines employment as the number of
workers who can be classified as full-time or part-time
employees, including workers on paid vacations or other
types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences;
salaried officers, executives, and staff members of
incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other
units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their
permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit
prepares their paycheck. The survey excludes the self-
employed, owners/partners of unincorporated firms, and
unpaid family workers. Employees are reported in the
occupation in which they are working, not necessarily for
which they were trained.
States' Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the
universe from which the OES survey draws its sample. The
employment benchmarks are obtained from reports submitted by
employers to the UI program. In some non-manufacturing
industries, supplemental sources are used for establishments
not reporting to the UI program. The OES survey sample is
stratified by area, industry, and size class. Size classes
are defined as follows:
Size class Number of employees
_____________________________________
1 1 to 4
2 5 to 9
3 10 to 19
4 20 to 49
5 50 to 99
6 100 to 249
7 250 and above
_____________________________________
UI reporting units with 250 or more employees are sampled
with virtual certainty across a 3-year period. Generally,
one-sixth of the certainty units are sampled each panel in
each state.
Concepts
Employment is the estimate of total wage and salary
employment in an occupation across the industries in which
that occupation was reported. The OES survey form sent to
an establishment contains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations
selected on the basis of the sampled establishment's
industry classification and size class. To reduce paperwork
and respondent burden, no survey form contains every SOC
occupation. Thus, data for specific occupations are
collected primarily from establishments in industries that
are the predominant employers of workers in those
occupations. Each survey form is structured, however, to
allow a respondent to provide detailed occupational
information for each worker at the establishment; that is,
workers in unlisted occupations can have their occupations
added to the survey form.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay,
exclusive of premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living
allowances, guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive
pay including commissions and production bonuses, tips, and
on-call pay are included. Excluded are back pay, jury duty
pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-
production bonuses, employer cost for supplementary
benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
The OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals.
Employers report the number of employees in an occupation
for each wage range. The wage intervals used for the May
2003 survey are as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------
| Wages
Interval |------------------------------------------
| Hourly | Annual
--------------|-------------------|----------------------
Range A | Under $6.75 | Under $14,040
Range B | $6.75 to $8.49 | $14,040 to $17,679
Range C | $8.50 to $10.74 | $17,680 to $22,359
Range D | $10.75 to $13.49 | $22,360 to $28,079
Range E | $13.50 to $16.99 | $28,080 to $35,359
Range F | $17.00 to $21.49 | $35,360 to $44,719
Range G | $21.50 to $27.24 | $44,720 to $56,679
Range H | $27.25 to $34.49 | $56,680 to $71,759
Range I | $34.50 to $43.74 | $71,760 to $90,999
Range J | $43.75 to $55.49 | $91,000 to $115,439
Range K | $55.50 to $69.99 | $115,440 to $145,599
Range L | $70.00 and over | $145,600 and over
---------------------------------------------------------
A mean wage value is calculated for each wage interval
based on occupational wage data collected by the Bureau's
Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the
National Compensation Survey (NCS). These interval mean
wage values are then attributed to all workers reported in
the interval. To calculate the mean wage of each
occupation, total weighted wages are summed across all
intervals and divided by the occupations weighted survey
employment.
The mean wage value for the highest wage interval, $70.00
and over, is calculated after excluding data for pilots.
Pilots comprise a large portion of the employment from the
NCS survey that falls into the highest interval, and about
one percent of the workers reported for the OES survey make
$70.00 and over. Since pilots work much fewer hours than
other occupations, their hourly wage rates are much higher
than other occupations. After excluding pilots from the
calculation, the mean wage for the highest interval was
computed separately for each of May 2003, November 2002,
2001, 2000, and 1999. Then the average of these five mean
wages was derived and used for all of the $70.00 and over
data in the May 2003 survey. The wages for this interval do
not go through any wage updating procedures.
Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate
by their employers and may work more than or less than 40
hours per week. The annual wage estimates in this release
are calculated by multiplying the mean hourly wage by a
"year-round, full-time" figure of 2,080 hours (52 weeks by
40 hours). Thus, the annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if
they work more or less than 2,080 hours per year.
Alternatively, some workers are paid based on an annual
amount, but they generally do not work the usual 2,080 hours
per year. Since the OES survey does not collect the actual
number of hours worked, the hourly rate cannot be calculated
with a reasonable degree of confidence from the annual
wages. For this reason, the annual salary is directly
calculated from reported survey data, and only annual wages
are estimated for these occupations. Occupations that
typically have a work year of less than 2,080 hours include
musical and entertainment occupations, pilots and flight
attendants, and teachers.
Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each
occupation, respondents are asked to report the number of
employees paid within wage intervals. The intervals are
defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual
rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is calculated
by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year
of 2,080 hours. The responding establishment can reference
either the hourly or the annual rate, but they are
instructed to report the hourly rate for part-time workers.
Estimation methodology
Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2002, the OES survey
samples approximately 200,000 establishments semiannually in
the second and fourth quarters, for a combined sample of 1.2
million establishments over six semiannual panels. Until
2002, the survey sampled approximately 400,000
establishments in the fourth quarter of each year, for a
three-year combined sample size of 1.2 million. While
estimates can be made from a single year or two years of
data, the OES survey has been designed to produce estimates
at a desired level of precision using the full three years
of data. The three-year sample allows the production of
estimates at fine levels of geographical, industrial, and
occupational detail.
Producing estimates using the three years of sample data
provides significant sampling error reductions (particularly
for small geographic areas and occupations); however, it
also has some quality limitations in that it requires the
adjustment of earlier years' data to the current reference
period, a procedure referred to as "wage updating."
Wage updating
As noted above, combining multiple years of data has both
statistical advantages and limitations. Significant
reductions in sampling error can be achieved by taking
advantage of three years of data, which covers over 70
percent of the employment in the United States. This
feature is particularly important in improving the
reliability of estimates for small domains in the population
(that is, wage and employment estimates for detailed
occupations in small areas). Combining multiple years of
data also has been necessary to obtain full coverage of
establishments with 250 or more workers that are sampled
with certainty.
Starting with the 1997 estimates, the OES program used
the over-the-year fourth-quarter wage changes from the
Bureau's Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust prior year
survey data before combining it with the current year's
data. The wage updating procedure assumes that each
occupation's wage, as measured in the earlier years, moves
according to the average movement of its occupational
division and that there are no major geographic or detailed
occupational differences.
May 2003 OES survey estimates
The May 2003 OES survey estimates are based on data
collected from establishments for the May 2003, November
2002, 2001, 2000, and 1999 samples. The May 2003 estimates
use the wage-updating methodology introduced in 1997. In
addition, the May 2003 estimates use the estimation
methodology introduced in 1997, which uses a "nearest
neighbor" imputation approach for nonresponse and apply
employment benchmarks at the state-MSA / 4-digit NAICS (with
5-digit exceptions) / size class level.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on establishment surveys are subject to
both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample of the
population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimate of a characteristic may differ from the population
value of that characteristic. The difference between the
sample estimate and the population value will vary depending
on the particular sample selected. This variability is
measured by the sampling error (SE). If we were to repeat
the sampling and estimation process using the same survey
design, 90 percent of the intervals created by adding and
subtracting 1.645 standard errors from the sample estimate
would include the population value. This interval is called
a 90-percent confidence interval.
The OES survey produces estimates of the relative
standard error (RSE). The RSE is defined as the SE divided
by the estimated value as computed from the sample. This
statistic provides the user with a measure of the relative
precision of the sample estimates. The SE may be obtained
by multiplying the RSE by the sample estimate. RSE
estimates are produced for both occupational employment and
mean wage estimates. The employment RSE values are
estimated using a subsample replication technique known as
the Jackknife (random group) variance estimation method.
The mean wage RSE values are estimated using a variance
components model that accounts for both the observed and
unobserved components of the wage data. The variances of
the unobserved components of the wage data are calculated
from the Bureau's National Compensation Survey. In general,
estimates involving many establishments have lower relative
standard errors than estimates involving few establishments.
If the distributional assumptions of the models are
violated, the resulting confidence interval may not reflect
the prescribed level of confidence.
Additional information
Detailed data for the United States and all the
metropolitan statistical areas in the nation are available
on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oes/. Users also may
access each occupation's definition, percentile wages, and
additional technical details. Industry staffing patterns
for the nation at the 4- and 5-digit NAICS levels are also
available from the Internet. In addition, BLS has issued
Bulletin 2559 displaying detailed occupational employment
and wage data for the nation and selected occupations by
industries, states, and areas in 2001; this information can
be accessed from the OES website as well.
Complete survey results are available from the New York
Information Office by calling (212) 337-2400 or by e-mailing
BLSinfoNY@bls.gov. Survey results are also available from
the New York State Department of Labor at (518) 457-6369.
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-
691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey,
by occupation, Newark metropolitan area, May 2003
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | Mean wages | Median
Occupation | Employment |--------------------| hourly
| | Hourly | Annual(1) | wages
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Management occupations
Chief executives 690 84.18 175,090 (3)
General and operations managers 13,330 63.25 131,560 57.38
Legislators 900 13.75 28,610 7.37
Advertising and promotions managers 300 49.20 102,340 43.00
Marketing managers 1,340 56.75 118,030 51.52
Sales managers 2,680 57.16 118,880 51.87
Public relations managers 350 43.85 91,210 41.40
Administrative services managers 2,050 41.30 85,910 39.12
Computer and information systems managers 2,980 60.36 125,560 55.89
Financial managers 5,110 50.04 104,090 45.15
Human resources managers 1,650 47.94 99,710 46.48
Industrial production managers 1,490 45.64 94,930 42.49
Purchasing managers 510 45.32 94,270 41.84
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 1,090 39.13 81,390 37.20
Construction managers 1,110 66.57 138,460 59.40
Education administrators, preschool and child care
center/program 510 28.05 58,340 24.70
Education administrators, elementary and secondary
school 1,770 (2) 101,960 (2)
Education administrators, postsecondary 1,170 34.39 71,540 32.11
Engineering managers 1,440 53.43 111,130 51.17
Food service managers 750 28.43 59,120 24.21
Funeral directors 60 46.83 97,410 28.93
Lodging managers 150 27.81 57,850 23.76
Medical and health services managers 1,440 42.76 88,940 39.78
Natural sciences managers (4) 59.29 123,320 55.21
Postmasters and mail superintendents 120 28.15 58,560 28.02
Property, real estate, and community association
managers 760 28.41 59,080 25.93
Social and community service managers 870 27.76 57,740 26.21
Business and financial operations occupations
Agents and business managers of artists, performers,
and athletes 60 54.90 114,200 43.30
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 1,030 29.56 61,490 24.44
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm
products 1,990 26.98 56,130 25.49
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 4,080 22.30 46,390 21.19
Insurance appraisers, auto damage 300 21.79 45,330 22.13
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,
health and safety, and transportation 2,440 26.54 55,210 25.59
Cost estimators 1,460 31.11 64,710 30.86
Emergency management specialists 110 21.16 44,000 17.50
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 1,760 33.33 69,320 29.20
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 730 26.97 56,100 26.43
Training and development specialists 1,380 27.86 57,950 27.64
Management analysts 4,010 47.91 99,650 38.49
Meeting and convention planners 190 22.73 47,280 21.75
Accountants and auditors 9,500 28.87 60,060 28.11
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 330 28.58 59,440 25.83
Budget analysts 300 30.66 63,770 28.25
Credit analysts 380 26.28 54,670 24.71
Financial analysts 2,070 39.00 81,120 33.50
Personal financial advisors 480 31.77 66,080 24.18
Insurance underwriters 1,710 30.02 62,440 26.24
Loan counselors 70 18.65 38,800 18.16
Loan officers 1,030 26.24 54,570 23.86
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 560 29.70 61,780 29.30
Tax preparers (4) 21.60 44,930 20.84
Computer and mathematical occupations
Computer programmers 5,530 34.89 72,570 32.86
Computer software engineers, applications 3,930 41.64 86,600 40.16
Computer software engineers, systems software 2,670 50.60 105,250 43.92
Computer support specialists 4,730 23.69 49,260 21.63
Computer systems analysts 4,130 37.07 77,100 34.45
Database administrators 860 30.68 63,820 27.78
Network and computer systems administrators 1,960 34.78 72,340 33.53
Network systems and data communications analysts 1,100 33.38 69,430 32.36
Actuaries 140 36.33 75,570 30.14
Operations research analysts 490 32.03 66,620 29.91
Statisticians 190 32.43 67,450 27.08
Architecture and engineering occupations
Architects, except landscape and naval 460 28.84 59,990 27.82
Landscape architects (4) 23.40 48,670 22.68
Surveyors 220 26.17 54,440 24.83
Aerospace engineers (4) 36.34 75,580 37.87
Biomedical engineers (4) 35.72 74,290 34.94
Chemical engineers 590 37.90 78,840 36.36
Civil engineers 1,540 31.67 65,870 28.55
Computer hardware engineers 260 37.93 78,900 37.60
Electrical engineers 1,040 34.64 72,060 34.23
Electronics engineers, except computer 700 37.05 77,060 36.52
Environmental engineers 260 35.16 73,130 34.34
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety
engineers and inspectors 190 33.06 68,770 32.76
Industrial engineers 730 32.40 67,380 32.00
Materials engineers 90 32.85 68,340 30.53
Mechanical engineers 1,350 33.93 70,580 32.95
Architectural and civil drafters 820 21.02 43,720 19.81
Electrical and electronics drafters 180 24.40 50,740 23.01
Mechanical drafters 270 22.63 47,060 22.84
Civil engineering technicians 290 19.93 41,460 19.61
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 910 22.70 47,220 22.55
Electro-mechanical technicians 150 18.76 39,010 17.38
Environmental engineering technicians 60 22.76 47,340 20.40
Industrial engineering technicians 420 26.28 54,660 25.25
Mechanical engineering technicians 260 20.43 42,490 19.96
Surveying and mapping technicians 230 16.92 35,190 15.23
Life, physical, and social science occupations
Agricultural and food scientists 50 27.23 56,640 26.45
Biochemists and biophysicists 340 42.64 88,690 38.48
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists (4) 41.17 85,640 39.54
Physicists 60 45.89 95,440 42.61
Chemists 1,960 33.78 70,250 29.25
Materials scientists 30 41.79 86,920 41.84
Environmental scientists and specialists, including
health (4) 26.37 54,850 24.26
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers (4) 27.99 58,210 26.21
Hydrologists 50 26.87 55,890 26.30
Market research analysts 1,100 29.63 61,630 27.15
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 1,000 31.99 66,550 27.83
Urban and regional planners 150 26.19 54,470 25.30
Agricultural and food science technicians (4) 16.57 34,460 16.43
Biological technicians (4) 19.59 40,750 18.97
Chemical technicians 1,610 19.93 41,450 19.32
Environmental science and protection technicians,
including health 70 18.27 38,010 17.00
Community and social services occupations
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 1,570 30.38 63,200 31.91
Mental health counselors 510 20.21 42,030 18.31
Rehabilitation counselors 1,470 13.01 27,060 11.88
Child, family, and school social workers 2,560 21.14 43,980 18.87
Medical and public health social workers 840 21.06 43,810 20.97
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 620 22.09 45,950 21.44
Health educators 620 21.48 44,680 20.75
Social and human service assistants 2,520 12.35 25,680 11.90
Clergy 120 21.16 44,020 20.15
Legal occupations
Lawyers 6,420 55.77 116,000 50.74
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing
officers 120 41.11 85,500 37.58
Paralegals and legal assistants 1,400 21.64 45,010 21.57
Law clerks 300 16.96 35,280 16.28
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 330 20.68 43,010 19.65
Education, training, and library occupations
Business teachers, postsecondary 410 (2) 53,620 (2)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 330 (2) 50,960 (2)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary 380 (2) 54,420 (2)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary 80 (2) 61,290 (2)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 250 (2) 63,970 (2)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 120 (2) 62,500 (2)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary (4) (2) 56,780 (2)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 40 (2) 69,860 (2)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary 60 (2) 55,810 (2)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers,
postsecondary 40 (2) 35,870 (2)
Economics teachers, postsecondary 110 (2) 64,660 (2)
Political science teachers, postsecondary 70 (2) 64,340 (2)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 300 (2) 58,500 (2)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 190 (2) 57,030 (2)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 280 (2) 72,190 (2)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 160 (2) 49,620 (2)
Education teachers, postsecondary 260 (2) 58,460 (2)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers,
postsecondary 90 (2) 48,710 (2)
Social work teachers, postsecondary 90 (2) 64,330 (2)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 400 (2) 56,870 (2)
Communications teachers, postsecondary 140 (2) 55,610 (2)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 580 (2) 52,460 (2)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary 240 (2) 47,770 (2)
History teachers, postsecondary 200 (2) 58,260 (2)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 80 (2) 57,650 (2)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 60 (2) 43,820 (2)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 400 20.95 43,580 19.31
Preschool teachers, except special education 2,710 13.57 28,220 12.40
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 1,590 (2) 45,180 (2)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 13,160 (2) 49,120 (2)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education 4,500 (2) 53,000 (2)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 60 (2) 61,860 (2)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education 8,350 (2) 61,060 (2)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 250 (2) 58,430 (2)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and
elementary school 3,050 (2) 49,810 (2)
Special education teachers, middle school 1,090 (2) 49,050 (2)
Special education teachers, secondary school 1,610 (2) 54,680 (2)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers
and instructors 280 20.10 41,810 19.48
Self-enrichment education teachers 1,170 20.82 43,300 19.60
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians 80 21.72 45,180 20.28
Librarians 1,400 25.80 53,670 24.69
Library technicians 690 13.76 28,620 13.30
Audio-visual collections specialists 40 18.79 39,080 17.38
Instructional coordinators 880 29.82 62,020 28.96
Teacher assistants 8,470 (2) 19,570 (2)
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
Art directors 230 36.72 76,380 35.08
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and
illustrators 40 22.69 47,200 22.71
Multi-media artists and animators 50 26.37 54,850 26.08
Commercial and industrial designers 170 23.32 48,500 19.84
Fashion designers (4) 36.94 76,830 30.61
Floral designers 390 13.23 27,520 12.43
Graphic designers 1,770 18.53 38,550 16.27
Interior designers 370 20.90 43,460 19.66
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 160 14.70 30,570 14.41
Set and exhibit designers (4) 23.34 48,560 22.75
Actors (4) (2) 37,990 (2)
Producers and directors 380 (2) 60,920 (2)
Coaches and scouts 660 (2) 28,020 (2)
Dancers 70 15.93 33,130 16.05
Choreographers (4) 25.25 52,510 21.26
Musicians and singers 560 (2) 31,780 (2)
Announcers 50 17.18 35,730 15.01
News analysts, reporters and correspondents 340 18.27 38,010 16.44
Public relations specialists 1,000 24.98 51,950 23.56
Editors 950 22.38 46,560 18.89
Technical writers 370 31.35 65,200 30.45
Audio and video equipment technicians 160 19.51 40,590 17.92
Photographers 480 15.66 32,570 13.57
Film and video editors 40 28.50 59,280 26.94
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
Dentists (4) 46.32 96,350 40.01
Dietitians and nutritionists 480 22.80 47,420 22.96
Optometrists (4) 39.26 81,660 33.78
Pharmacists 1,880 37.17 77,300 38.41
Family and general practitioners 730 49.29 102,510 51.20
Internists, general 140 81.38 169,270 (3)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 70 96.86 201,470 (3)
Pediatricians, general (4) 52.07 108,310 51.92
Psychiatrists 150 74.74 155,460 68.62
Surgeons (4) 94.01 195,550 (3)
Physician assistants 50 29.82 62,030 30.27
Podiatrists (4) 33.61 69,910 24.88
Registered nurses 19,130 27.33 56,840 27.05
Audiologists (4) 27.28 56,750 26.54
Occupational therapists 630 32.67 67,960 29.70
Physical therapists 1,020 34.73 72,240 33.43
Radiation therapists 110 29.33 61,020 29.92
Recreational therapists 230 15.52 32,290 15.25
Respiratory therapists 510 23.10 48,060 23.37
Speech-language pathologists 800 32.62 67,840 31.36
Veterinarians 250 39.57 82,300 38.73
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 910 22.74 47,310 22.50
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 1,050 18.02 37,490 18.19
Dental hygienists (4) 28.33 58,920 29.89
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 290 19.54 40,640 19.59
Diagnostic medical sonographers 370 29.73 61,840 25.62
Nuclear medicine technologists 250 28.02 58,280 28.66
Radiologic technologists and technicians 1,280 23.44 48,750 23.63
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 1,080 14.82 30,830 13.30
Dietetic technicians 150 12.89 26,800 11.97
Pharmacy technicians 1,230 11.85 24,640 11.79
Psychiatric technicians 70 15.27 31,770 13.85
Respiratory therapy technicians 190 19.73 41,040 20.38
Surgical technologists 290 17.96 37,360 17.78
Veterinary technologists and technicians 170 11.87 24,690 11.28
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 3,700 20.02 41,650 19.92
Medical records and health information technicians 680 16.01 33,290 15.57
Opticians, dispensing 220 19.09 39,710 21.37
Occupational health and safety specialists and
technicians 420 27.87 57,970 27.25
Athletic trainers (4) (2) 35,600 (2)
Healthcare support occupations
Home health aides 5,520 9.63 20,020 9.76
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 10,000 11.54 24,000 11.13
Occupational therapist assistants 90 19.02 39,570 19.55
Physical therapist assistants 210 19.30 40,150 19.64
Physical therapist aides 280 10.78 22,430 10.49
Massage therapists 170 14.57 30,300 14.33
Dental assistants 3,330 13.22 27,500 12.51
Medical assistants 1,420 12.52 26,050 12.23
Medical equipment preparers 470 12.12 25,210 11.75
Medical transcriptionists 480 17.20 35,780 17.15
Pharmacy aides 720 8.67 18,030 8.35
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 420 8.87 18,450 8.62
Protective service occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 160 33.80 70,300 35.71
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives 1,270 38.98 81,090 39.32
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and
prevention workers 580 38.84 80,800 39.26
Fire fighters 1,830 30.48 63,410 31.49
Fire inspectors and investigators 220 23.27 48,390 20.79
Bailiffs (4) 10.89 22,650 10.08
Correctional officers and jailers 1,650 24.97 51,930 28.08
Detectives and criminal investigators 1,320 31.53 65,580 32.27
Parking enforcement workers 90 13.18 27,420 11.96
Police and sheriff's patrol officers 6,020 27.99 58,230 29.34
Animal control workers 120 16.17 33,630 15.83
Private detectives and investigators 200 22.16 46,080 24.01
Security guards 11,070 10.59 22,020 9.49
Crossing guards 1,760 9.86 20,500 9.23
Food preparation and serving related occupations
Chefs and head cooks 490 24.10 50,130 20.11
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and
serving workers 3,380 15.04 31,280 14.16
Cooks, fast food 2,120 7.75 16,130 7.76
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 1,430 11.82 24,590 11.48
Cooks, restaurant 2,720 12.09 25,150 11.15
Cooks, short order 430 9.22 19,180 8.82
Food preparation workers 5,270 9.37 19,500 9.31
Bartenders 2,430 9.87 20,530 9.05
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including
fast food 15,150 8.14 16,930 7.89
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and
coffee shop (4) 7.17 14,900 6.74
Waiters and waitresses 9,430 9.15 19,020 8.20
Food servers, nonrestaurant 1,860 9.83 20,450 9.13
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender
helpers 1,370 7.41 15,420 7.04
Dishwashers 1,820 7.09 14,740 6.71
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 1,050 9.01 18,740 8.76
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and
janitorial workers 1,970 17.00 35,370 15.91
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers 970 20.16 41,930 17.14
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping
cleaners 23,010 10.05 20,900 8.56
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 4,210 9.61 19,990 9.55
Pest control workers 330 15.07 31,340 15.09
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 6,510 11.45 23,820 10.54
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators,
vegetation (4) 15.88 33,020 15.93
Tree trimmers and pruners (4) 20.05 41,710 20.35
Personal care and service occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service
workers 1,000 20.93 43,530 19.62
Nonfarm animal caretakers 430 8.48 17,640 8.12
Motion picture projectionists 30 13.68 28,450 14.96
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 790 6.93 14,410 6.65
Amusement and recreation attendants 1,290 9.61 19,990 8.74
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 140 9.31 19,370 9.57
Funeral attendants 80 14.20 29,540 10.82
Barbers 170 11.75 24,440 10.68
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 3,610 11.44 23,780 10.13
Manicurists and pedicurists 280 9.20 19,130 9.15
Shampooers 370 8.43 17,540 8.20
Skin care specialists 140 12.21 25,400 10.79
Baggage porters and bellhops 150 9.27 19,290 8.25
Concierges 120 11.36 23,620 10.13
Tour guides and escorts 120 9.47 19,710 8.71
Child care workers 6,330 8.61 17,910 8.22
Personal and home care aides 990 9.29 19,320 9.14
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 2,080 14.76 30,700 13.21
Recreation workers 2,250 10.42 21,670 9.01
Residential advisors 430 14.01 29,140 13.71
Sales and related occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 6,770 20.46 42,550 17.91
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales
workers 2,890 42.72 88,850 38.63
Cashiers 23,050 8.30 17,260 7.35
Counter and rental clerks 3,460 10.40 21,620 8.69
Parts salespersons 1,220 14.88 30,960 14.83
Retail salespersons 26,430 12.14 25,260 9.62
Advertising sales agents 890 27.23 56,640 21.65
Insurance sales agents 2,600 35.98 74,830 25.55
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents 2,950 35.58 74,010 31.91
Travel agents 1,390 13.74 28,580 13.46
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
technical and scientific products 4,650 35.80 74,460 34.19
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products 11,030 33.38 69,420 26.40
Demonstrators and product promoters 320 16.17 33,630 14.04
Real estate brokers 340 27.32 56,820 19.98
Real estate sales agents 1,130 17.84 37,110 15.49
Sales engineers 520 36.49 75,900 34.15
Telemarketers 2,970 13.22 27,490 12.03
Office and administrative support occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers 11,060 23.96 49,840 22.58
Switchboard operators, including answering service 1,220 12.25 25,490 11.82
Telephone operators 440 15.96 33,190 17.80
Bill and account collectors 1,990 16.15 33,580 15.52
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 3,420 15.13 31,470 14.44
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 15,730 16.23 33,760 15.62
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 1,200 16.97 35,310 16.70
Procurement clerks 510 16.65 34,640 16.40
Tellers 4,340 10.43 21,700 10.28
Brokerage clerks 580 16.00 33,280 14.97
Correspondence clerks 270 14.24 29,630 13.35
Court, municipal, and license clerks 510 16.09 33,460 15.51
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 620 15.57 32,380 14.96
Customer service representatives 14,410 16.34 33,980 15.68
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 290 21.05 43,780 21.08
File clerks 2,720 11.86 24,670 11.58
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 800 11.12 23,140 10.25
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 1,780 13.34 27,740 12.65
Library assistants, clerical 950 10.10 21,000 9.31
Loan interviewers and clerks 1,250 15.96 33,190 15.73
New accounts clerks 400 13.90 28,900 14.18
Order clerks 2,520 14.29 29,710 13.98
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping 1,200 17.22 35,820 16.66
Receptionists and information clerks 7,210 11.03 22,940 10.29
Cargo and freight agents 1,070 16.19 33,670 15.22
Couriers and messengers 1,040 11.33 23,570 11.31
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 750 16.53 34,380 16.06
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 1,340 17.28 35,950 16.74
Meter readers, utilities 400 19.83 41,260 19.77
Postal service clerks 880 18.66 38,820 19.02
Postal service mail carriers 2,980 18.71 38,920 19.00
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing
machine operators 1,560 18.34 38,150 18.94
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 2,460 18.40 38,280 17.94
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 6,960 13.25 27,550 12.53
Stock clerks and order fillers 13,470 11.43 23,770 10.10
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping 410 15.27 31,770 15.47
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 7,480 20.97 43,620 20.23
Legal secretaries 4,880 21.76 45,260 22.42
Medical secretaries 11,200 13.17 27,390 12.75
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 19,090 16.69 34,720 16.38
Computer operators 1,410 17.94 37,310 17.30
Data entry keyers 2,650 13.13 27,310 12.82
Word processors and typists 4,320 17.15 35,680 16.25
Desktop publishers 320 21.51 44,750 21.07
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 3,010 15.62 32,490 14.79
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except
postal service 1,300 11.91 24,770 11.19
Office clerks, general 24,120 12.27 25,510 11.49
Office machine operators, except computer 710 11.90 24,750 11.25
Proofreaders and copy markers 170 16.32 33,940 14.91
Statistical assistants 110 17.12 35,600 16.67
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers 60 17.68 36,780 16.44
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 530 10.46 21,750 10.48
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 50 9.90 20,580 10.31
Construction and extraction occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades
and extraction workers 2,970 32.95 68,540 31.71
Brickmasons and blockmasons (4) 20.78 43,210 17.62
Stonemasons (4) 15.48 32,200 14.42
Carpenters 5,270 21.40 44,500 19.95
Tile and marble setters (4) 23.71 49,310 29.25
Cement masons and concrete finishers 640 20.13 41,870 17.42
Construction laborers 3,640 19.17 39,870 18.47
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 70 25.97 54,020 26.86
Operating engineers and other construction equipment
operators 1,190 27.34 56,880 28.72
Drywall and ceiling tile installers (4) 21.24 44,170 16.64
Electricians 5,710 31.73 66,010 33.64
Glaziers 250 28.62 59,540 32.27
Insulation workers 350 25.05 52,100 29.91
Painters, construction and maintenance 1,380 20.22 42,070 18.04
Paperhangers 70 21.02 43,730 23.88
Pipelayers 150 22.89 47,620 24.03
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters (4) 24.54 51,040 25.67
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 70 32.61 67,830 32.92
Roofers 540 14.81 30,810 12.20
Sheet metal workers (4) 26.72 55,580 27.41
Structural iron and steel workers 380 26.60 55,330 27.61
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile
and marble setters 660 15.16 31,540 9.18
Helpers--carpenters 500 12.82 26,660 12.18
Helpers--electricians 460 16.70 34,730 16.59
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco
masons 90 9.08 18,890 8.68
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and
steamfitters (4) 15.36 31,950 14.23
Construction and building inspectors 590 23.79 49,490 22.72
Elevator installers and repairers (4) 27.14 56,440 28.80
Hazardous materials removal workers (4) 21.18 44,050 24.70
Highway maintenance workers 1,490 18.91 39,330 19.39
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 310 16.52 34,360 15.51
Earth drillers, except oil and gas (4) 25.27 52,570 22.50
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers 3,090 29.30 60,940 28.07
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 2,630 22.56 46,930 20.96
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers,
except line installers 3,210 26.42 54,950 26.54
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 190 16.71 34,770 16.79
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers,
transportation equipment (4) 17.63 36,670 18.51
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and
industrial equipment 780 22.74 47,290 23.07
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor
vehicles (4) 16.51 34,340 16.63
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and
repairers 270 15.03 31,270 13.63
Security and fire alarm systems installers (4) 23.29 48,450 23.91
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 440 27.66 57,540 26.72
Automotive body and related repairers 1,350 16.77 34,890 16.24
Automotive glass installers and repairers (4) 17.20 35,780 17.08
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 4,320 17.56 36,520 16.64
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 2,030 20.39 42,410 20.60
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 370 19.96 41,510 21.51
Rail car repairers 150 18.62 38,720 19.45
Motorcycle mechanics 50 14.33 29,810 13.64
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 140 18.93 39,370 19.13
Bicycle repairers (4) 10.97 22,810 10.63
Tire repairers and changers 250 13.52 28,120 11.89
Control and valve installers and repairers, except
mechanical door 160 23.00 47,840 24.26
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
and installers 1,480 21.12 43,920 20.53
Home appliance repairers 380 21.89 45,530 21.68
Industrial machinery mechanics 1,580 20.75 43,170 20.73
Maintenance and repair workers, general 8,930 17.64 36,680 17.42
Maintenance workers, machinery 660 19.57 40,710 19.87
Millwrights (4) 24.00 49,910 21.39
Electrical power-line installers and repairers 300 28.66 59,620 30.24
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 570 22.19 46,150 23.36
Camera and photographic equipment repairers 80 19.15 39,830 20.18
Medical equipment repairers 270 25.55 53,150 24.45
Watch repairers 80 15.07 31,340 13.18
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and
repairers 60 14.43 30,010 15.02
Locksmiths and safe repairers 80 18.64 38,770 19.29
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 680 11.09 23,060 10.25
Production occupations
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers 4,890 25.93 53,930 24.74
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers (4) 12.44 25,870 12.55
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 1,660 12.38 25,750 11.51
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 260 16.85 35,060 17.30
Engine and other machine assemblers 340 16.14 33,580 14.86
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 190 17.71 36,830 16.85
Team assemblers 2,670 11.46 23,840 9.86
Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators (4) 15.68 32,620 16.24
Bakers 830 12.66 26,340 11.94
Butchers and meat cutters 680 15.39 32,010 16.12
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 270 12.55 26,090 12.45
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders (4) 12.97 26,970 11.65
Food batchmakers 730 9.39 19,520 8.65
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and
plastic 410 20.03 41,660 19.02
Numerical tool and process control programmers 60 21.49 44,700 20.82
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 1,120 12.37 25,720 11.66
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 70 12.45 25,900 11.57
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 210 13.89 28,900 13.59
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 1,360 12.52 26,040 11.93
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 160 10.18 21,180 8.79
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool
setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 490 13.12 27,290 12.54
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 250 14.05 29,220 12.39
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 90 11.24 23,390 10.69
Machinists 2,260 18.55 38,590 18.69
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 50 15.77 32,800 15.47
Pourers and casters, metal 70 14.75 30,670 13.07
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 1,550 10.31 21,450 9.02
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 330 14.63 30,430 14.52
Tool and die makers 800 22.88 47,590 21.42
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 1,060 16.48 34,280 16.17
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 200 16.74 34,830 15.94
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 80 13.12 27,300 12.80
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 40 16.46 34,240 16.02
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 270 13.54 28,170 13.15
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 60 14.13 29,400 14.40
Bindery workers 710 13.21 27,480 12.28
Job printers 400 21.72 45,180 22.63
Prepress technicians and workers 760 19.65 40,870 18.05
Printing machine operators 1,970 17.71 36,830 14.24
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 1,770 9.28 19,300 8.30
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 270 8.93 18,580 7.93
Sewing machine operators 1,610 9.17 19,070 9.24
Sewers, hand 70 10.55 21,950 10.11
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 370 12.13 25,230 11.70
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and
tenders 220 7.92 16,460 6.90
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 70 11.37 23,650 10.77
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators,
and tenders 170 11.51 23,930 10.76
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine
setters, operators, and tenders (4) 7.25 15,090 6.93
Upholsterers 140 17.04 35,450 16.65
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 490 15.29 31,800 14.46
Furniture finishers 170 15.54 32,320 15.16
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood (4) 9.79 20,360 8.64
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders,
except sawing 270 11.81 24,560 10.44
Power plant operators 230 24.58 51,130 24.68
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 690 20.94 43,550 20.54
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators 400 18.78 39,060 19.55
Chemical plant and system operators 810 20.34 42,310 20.65
Gas plant operators 130 24.77 51,520 24.71
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 1,460 17.13 35,630 17.16
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and
still machine setters, operators, and tenders 330 14.17 29,470 12.84
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 370 12.28 25,540 11.44
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and
tenders 1,660 16.28 33,870 16.27
Cutters and trimmers, hand 200 9.84 20,480 9.58
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders 370 13.13 27,310 12.48
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine
setters, operators, and tenders 560 12.98 27,000 12.16
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders 250 13.05 27,140 12.60
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 3,500 16.68 34,700 15.68
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 250 17.11 35,590 15.83
Dental laboratory technicians 360 18.66 38,810 16.52
Medical appliance technicians 50 18.76 39,020 17.70
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 40 16.47 34,250 17.17
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 6,440 13.39 27,840 13.84
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters,
operators, and tenders 450 13.56 28,210 13.60
Painters, transportation equipment 120 16.27 33,850 18.14
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 130 11.73 24,400 9.93
Photographic process workers 30 11.96 24,870 11.68
Photographic processing machine operators (4) 9.16 19,060 8.87
Semiconductor processors (4) 15.15 31,510 14.08
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders (4) 11.02 22,920 10.59
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment
operators and tenders 340 10.14 21,090 10.05
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 110 13.81 28,730 11.31
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 870 12.95 26,940 12.70
Helpers--production workers 2,240 10.07 20,940 9.91
Transportation and material moving occupations
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 170 18.60 38,690 15.08
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers,
and material movers, hand 1,930 21.67 45,080 21.02
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and
material-moving machine and vehicle operators 2,350 25.20 52,420 24.54
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency
medical technicians 210 10.61 22,060 10.49
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 1,080 13.81 28,720 14.51
Bus drivers, school 3,670 11.53 23,990 12.06
Driver/sales workers 1,440 13.23 27,510 12.58
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 9,870 17.79 37,010 17.44
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 7,280 14.79 30,770 13.87
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 1,760 10.76 22,370 9.81
Sailors and marine oilers (4) 15.48 32,190 14.50
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 100 36.26 75,420 34.53
Parking lot attendants 1,460 8.00 16,640 7.74
Service station attendants 2,230 7.60 15,800 7.20
Transportation inspectors 70 26.54 55,200 26.74
Crane and tower operators 390 25.47 52,990 25.34
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 220 20.36 42,350 19.65
Industrial truck and tractor operators 4,310 13.89 28,890 12.64
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 2,320 9.35 19,460 8.13
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 19,900 11.17 23,230 10.33
Packers and packagers, hand 8,580 8.75 18,200 8.23
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 540 12.50 25,990 11.55
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders (4) 23.09 48,020 23.76
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(1) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-
time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage
published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(2) Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year
are not available.
(3) Represents a wage above $70.01 per hour.
(4) Indicates that an employment estimate is not available.
Last Modified Date: August 4, 2004
