FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: FOR RELEASE: Cheryl Abbot, Regional Economist August 19, 2008 (214) 767-6970 http://www.bls.gov/ro6/ OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, MAY 2007 (PDF) Workers in the San Antonio, Texas, metropolitan area(1) had an average (mean) hourly wage of $16.64 during May 2007, compared with the nationwide average of $19.56, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor. Regional Commissioner Stanley W. Suchman noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were lower than their respective national averages in 21 of the 22 major occupational groups. When compared to the nationwide distribution, local employment was more highly concentrated in 6 of the 22 occupational groups including office and administrative support as well as food preparation and serving related workers. Nine occupational groups, including production occupations, had employment shares significantly below their national representation. (See table A and box note at end of release.)
| Major occupational group | Employment share (percent of total) | Average (mean) hourly wage | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States |
San Antonio |
Significant difference(2) |
United States |
San Antonio |
Significant difference(2) |
|
Management |
4.5% | 4.0% | Yes | $46.22 | $41.14 | Yes |
Business and financial operations |
4.5 | 4.4 | No | 30.01 | 26.30 | Yes |
Computer and mathematical science |
2.4 | 2.1 | Yes | 34.71 | 29.93 | Yes |
Architecture and engineering |
1.9 | 1.4 | Yes | 33.11 | 29.07 | Yes |
Life, physical, and social science |
0.9 | 0.8 | Yes | 29.82 | 27.76 | Yes |
Community and social services |
1.3 | 1.0 | Yes | 19.49 | 18.65 | No |
Legal |
0.7 | 0.7 | No | 42.53 | 36.84 | Yes |
Education, training, and library |
6.2 | 6.9 | Yes | 22.41 | 20.39 | Yes |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media |
1.3 | 1.1 | Yes | 23.27 | 19.75 | Yes |
Healthcare practitioner and technical |
5.1 | 5.1 | No | 31.26 | 28.54 | Yes |
Healthcare support |
2.7 | 2.7 | No | 12.31 | 10.87 | Yes |
Protective service |
2.3 | 2.6 | Yes | 18.63 | 16.41 | Yes |
Food preparation and serving related |
8.4 | 9.9 | Yes | 9.35 | 8.31 | Yes |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance |
3.3 | 3.6 | Yes | 11.33 | 9.42 | Yes |
Personal care and service |
2.5 | 3.4 | Yes | 11.53 | 7.97 | Yes |
Sales and related |
10.7 | 10.6 | No | 16.94 | 14.00 | Yes |
Office and administrative support |
17.3 | 19.3 | Yes | 15.00 | 13.55 | Yes |
Farming, fishing, and forestry |
0.3 | 0.1 | Yes | 10.89 | 8.68 | Yes |
Construction and extraction |
5.0 | 4.8 | No | 19.53 | 14.34 | Yes |
Installation, maintenance, and repair |
4.0 | 4.2 | No | 19.20 | 16.25 | Yes |
Production |
7.6 | 5.3 | Yes | 15.05 | 12.79 | Yes |
Transportation and material moving |
7.2 | 6.0 | Yes | 14.75 | 12.30 | Yes |
Five occupational groups in the San Antonio area had pay levels clustered between
$26.00 and $30.00 per hour - computer and mathematical science; architecture and
engineering; healthcare practitioner and technical; life, physical, and social science; and
business and financial operations. Although they are among the higher-paying groups in San
Antonio, local hourly wage rates for these occupational groups were significantly below
their national averages. With the exception of the healthcare practitioner and technical
occupational group, in which a variety of physician specialties earned more than $90 per
hour, the local average wages for several detailed occupations in these groups was about $40
per hour.
Construction and extraction jobs in San Antonio earned $14.34 an hour, significantly
below the $19.53 national average. Two detailed occupations, elevator installers and
repairers and first-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers,
earned more than $20.00 an hour in the San Antonio area, while several others averaged less
than $12.00 an hour, including construction laborers and all of the construction helper
detailed occupations.
At $13.55, local wages among office and administrative support occupations were
significantly below the U.S. average of $15.00 an hour. Higher-paid positions among office
and administrative support occupations in San Antonio reporting wages of $20 or more
included statistical assistants, postal service clerks, and brokerage clerks. Jobs with
earnings below $10 an hour included couriers and messengers ($9.85) and hotel, motel, and
resort desk clerks ($8.55).
Among the lowest-paid occupational groups in San Antonio, as well as the nation, were
food preparation and serving related occupations earning $8.31 and $9.31 an hour,
respectively. Locally, chefs and head cooks ($17.10) were among the highest paid while fast
food cooks were among the lowest paid ($7.23). Also at the lower end of the wage scale in
San Antonio were personal care and services occupations, with an average wage of $7.97 per
hour, significantly less than the U. S. average of $11.53.
Occupational employment in the San Antonio area
The largest occupational group in the San Antonio area was office and administrative
support with a total of 156,920 jobs representing 19.3 percent of area employment or nearly
1 of every 5 local jobs. (See table A and chart B.) The percentage of San Antonio's
employment in this occupational group was significantly higher than the U.S. average of 17.3
percent; nationally, this was also the largest occupational group. In the San Antonio area,
customer service representatives (25,220); general office clerks (15,170); and secretaries,
except legal, medical and executive (14,830) accounted for the largest number of office and
administrative support jobs. (See table 1.)
The sales and related occupational group also accounted for a large share of
employment in both San Antonio and the nation, at 10.6 and 10.7 percent, respectively.
Similar to the nationwide distribution, the relatively low-paid positions of retail
salespersons ($10.63) and cashiers ($7.98) accounted for over one-half of local employment
in this group, with 28,160 and 21,970 jobs, respectively. On the other hand, two of the
better-paid detailed occupations, wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives, except
technical and scientific products ($24.12) and first line supervisors/managers of retail
sales workers ($18.20), accounted for more than 18 percent of San Antonio's employment in
the sales and related group.
Chart B. Employment distribution in the Untied States and the San Antonio metropolitan area
by major occupational group, May 2007
Another occupational group with a significantly higher-than-average employment share
in the local workforce was food preparation and serving related workers, making up 9.9
percent of metropolitan area employment compared to 8.4 percent nationally.
Nine occupational groups had significantly lower employment shares locally than they
did nationally. These groups included transportation and material moving and production
jobs. Transportation and material moving occupations accounted for 6.0 percent of the
employment in the San Antonio area, significantly below their national employment share at
7.2 percent. The most prevalent detailed occupation in this group locally was hand laborers
and freight, stock and material movers (11,230), accounting for nearly one-fourth of this
group's employment. Production occupations also had a significantly smaller presence in the
San Antonio area than they did at the national level -- 5.3 versus 7.6 percent. Over 20
percent of employment in this group was in the two largest detailed occupations, team
assemblers (5,790) and first line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers
(3,150).
FOOTNOTES:
1) The San Antonio Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Atascosa, Bandera, Bexar,
Comal, Guadalupe, Kendall, Medina, and Wilson Counties, Texas. San Antonio, the San Antonio
metropolitan area, and other such abbreviations are used interchangeably to refer to the
officially designated MSA.
2) Statistical significance testing at the 90-percent confidence level.
Additional information
The May 2007 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in table 1, are
available on the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm. Users may access each
occupation's definition and percentile wages. Other national data include industry-specific
occupational employment and wage data. The May 2007 cross-industry data for other states as
well as metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas are available on the BLS Web site at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm. A more detailed technical note for OES is available
at www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.tn.htm.
All Southwest releases are available on our Web site at www.bls.gov/ro6/home.htm. If
you have additional questions, contact the BLS Southwest Economic Analysis and Information
Unit at 214-767-6970. Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone
number: 1-800-877-8339.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| The OES wage and employment data for the 22 major occupational groups in the San Antonio |
| metropolitan areas were compared to their respective national averages based on statistical |
| significance testing. Only those occupations with wages or employment shares above or |
| below the respective wage or employment share after testing for significance at the |
| 90-percent confidence level meet the criteria. |
| |
| NOTE: A value that is statistically different from another does not necessarily mean that |
| the difference has economic or practical significance. Statistical significance is |
| concerned with the ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a sample. |
| It is entirely possible that a large difference between two values is not significantly |
| different statistically, while a small difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity |
| of the sample affect the relative error of the data being tested. |
|_____________________________________________________________________________________________|
Technical Note
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual mail survey
measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm
establishments in the United States. Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are
surveyed, but their data are not included in this release. OES estimates are constructed
from a sample of about 1.2 million establishments. Forms are mailed to approximately
200,000 establishments in May and November of each year for a 3-year period. The nationwide
response rate for the May 2007 survey was 77.9 percent based on establishments and 73.5
percent based on employment. The survey included establishments sampled in the May 2007,
November 2006, May 2006, November 2005, May 2005, and November 2004 semiannual panels. The
sample in the San Antonio metropolitan area included 4,736 establishments with a response
rate of 74 percent.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) occupational
classification system, the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. The SOC
system is the first OMB-required occupational classification system for federal agencies.
The OES survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations. Together, these
detailed occupations make up 23 major occupational groups, 22 of which are covered in this
release. The one exception is military specific occupations which are not included in the
OES survey. For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) Web site at www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For
more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the
State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data. BLS produces cross-industry and
industry-specific estimates for the nation, states, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs),
metropolitan divisions, and nonmetropolitan areas. Industry-specific estimates are produced
at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-digit industry levels. BLS releases
all cross-industry and national estimates; the SWAs release industry-specific estimates at
the state and MSA levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which the OES survey
draws its sample. Employment benchmarks are obtained from reports submitted by employers to
the UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
areas and industry. Samples selected in panels prior to May 2005 were stratified using MSA
definitions based on the 1990 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards. Beginning with the
May 2005 panel, the sample was stratified using new MSA definitions based on the 2000
Metropolitan Statistical Area standards.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation across the industries surveyed. The OES survey defines employment as the number
of workers who can be classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid
vacations or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried
officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily
assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty
station regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base
rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including
commissions and production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are: back
pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-production
bonuses, employer cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the total wages that
all workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by the total employment of the
occupation. To calculate the mean hourly wage of each occupation, total weighted hourly
wages are summed across all intervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey
employment. The mean wage for each interval is based on occupational wage data collected by
the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National Compensation Survey
(NCS).
Annual Wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their employers and may
work more than or less than 40 hours per week. Annual wage estimates for most occupations
in this release are calculated by multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-
time" figure of 2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual wage estimates may not
represent the actual annual pay received by the employee if they work more or less than
2,080 hours per year. Some workers typically work less than fulltime, year round. For
these occupations, the OES survey collects and reports either the annual salary or the
hourly wage rate, depending on how the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For
example, teachers, flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual salary, but do not
work the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this case, an annual salary is reported. Other
workers, such as entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but generally do not work
full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage is reported.
Hourly versus Annual Wage Reporting. For each occupation, respondents are asked to
report the number of employees paid within specific wage intervals. The intervals are
defined both as hourly rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for
an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of
2,080 hours. The responding establishment can reference either the hourly or the annual
rate for full-time workers, but they are instructed to report the hourly rate for part-time
workers.
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. The OES survey is
designed to produce estimates using six panels (3 years) of data. The full six-panel sample
of 1.2 million establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of
geography, industry, and occupation.
Wage Updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining
six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the
current panel need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be
updated to the current panel's reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from
prior panels before combining them with the current panel's data. The wage updating
procedure adjusts each detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel,
according to the average movement of its broader occupational division. The procedure
assumes that there are no major differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation
within the occupational division.
May 2007 OES survey estimates. The May 2007 OES survey estimates are based on all
data collected from establishments in the May 2007, November 2006, May 2006, November 2005,
May 2005, November 2004 semiannual samples
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample survey are subject
to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling error occurs when estimates are
calculated from a subset (that is, a sample) of the population instead of the full
population. When a sample of the population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimate of the characteristic of interest may differ from the population value of that
characteristic. Differences between the sample estimate and the population value will vary
depending on the sample selected. This variability can be estimated by calculating the
standard error (SE) of the sample estimate. If we were to repeat the sampling and
estimation process countless times using the same survey design, approximately 90 percent of
the intervals created by adding and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would
include the population value. These intervals are called 90-percent confidence intervals.
The OES survey, however, usually uses the relative standard error (RSE) of a sample estimate
instead of its SE to measure sampling error. RSE is defined as the SE of a sample estimate
divided by the sample estimate itself. This statistic provides the user with a measure of
the relative precision of the sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational
employment and mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment RSEs are calculated using
a subsample, random group replication technique called the jackknife. Mean wage rate RSEs
are calculated using a variance components model that accounts for both the observed and
unobserved components of the wage data. The variances of the unobserved components are
estimated using wage data from the BLS National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates
based on many establishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If
the distributional assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting confidence
intervals may not reflect the prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are directly
connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling error include: nonresponse, data
incorrectly reported by the respondent, mistakes made in entering collected data into the
database, and mistakes made in editing and processing the collected data.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Upcoming Reduction in Sample Size of Occupational Employment Statistics Survey |
| |
| Due to budget constraints, Occupational Employment Statistics has reduced the sample size |
| of the May 2008 panel by 20 percent. Because OES estimates are produced from 3 years of |
| pooled data, this one-time sample reduction will affect estimates for May 2008, May 2009, |
| and May 2010. This reduction is expected to decrease the number of published employment |
| estimates by at least 5 percent, or about 25,000 estimates, and will decrease the accuracy|
| of the remaining estimates. The number and quality of wage estimates also are expected to |
| decline. These cutbacks are being implemented in response to a reduction in funding to the|
| BLS that resulted from 2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act enacted on December 26, 2007. |
|___________________________________________________________________________________________|
| Occupation | Employment(1) | Mean hourly wage | Mean annual wage (2) | Median hourly wage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
All Occupations |
812,180 | $ 16.64 | $ 34,610 | 12.76 |
Management occupations |
32,690 | 41.14 | 85,570 | 36.01 |
Chief executives |
940 | 75.45 | 156,930 | (3) |
General and operations managers |
11,320 | 45.65 | 94,950 | 39.31 |
Legislators |
(4) | (5) | 23,760 | (5) |
Advertising and promotions managers |
130 | 38.02 | 79,090 | 35.49 |
Marketing managers |
640 | 49.83 | 103,640 | 46.60 |
Sales managers |
1,350 | 43.75 | 91,000 | 38.22 |
Public relations managers |
220 | 39.23 | 81,590 | 35.64 |
Administrative services managers |
1,690 | 34.57 | 71,900 | 33.18 |
Computer and information systems managers |
1,000 | 49.29 | 102,510 | 45.82 |
Financial managers |
2,000 | 53.70 | 111,690 | 47.33 |
Compensation and benefits managers |
270 | 41.08 | 85,450 | 39.31 |
Training and development managers |
120 | 40.26 | 83,730 | 39.91 |
Human resources managers, all other |
160 | 46.13 | 95,940 | 42.49 |
Industrial production managers |
560 | 42.87 | 89,160 | 41.82 |
Purchasing managers |
240 | 44.91 | 93,400 | 41.57 |
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers |
460 | 39.00 | 81,110 | 36.18 |
Construction managers |
1,930 | 29.28 | 60,900 | 27.09 |
Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program |
280 | 17.17 | 35,700 | 16.10 |
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school |
1,550 | (5) | 69,830 | (5) |
Education administrators, postsecondary |
390 | 36.82 | 76,580 | 31.80 |
Education administrators, all other |
120 | 27.46 | 57,110 | 27.15 |
Engineering managers |
570 | 52.07 | 108,300 | 49.42 |
Food service managers |
1,310 | 24.36 | 50,660 | 22.34 |
Funeral directors |
130 | 17.48 | 36,360 | 15.28 |
Lodging managers |
220 | 26.53 | 55,190 | 24.09 |
Medical and health services managers |
1,520 | 36.31 | 75,530 | 34.56 |
Natural sciences managers |
(4) | 50.86 | 105,790 | 42.99 |
Postmasters and mail superintendents |
60 | 30.55 | 63,540 | 29.97 |
Property, real estate, and community association managers |
1,610 | 18.97 | 39,460 | 16.81 |
Social and community service managers |
540 | 24.46 | 50,870 | 23.57 |
Managers, all other |
1,220 | 45.41 | 94,450 | 44.22 |
Business and financial operations occupations |
35,770 | 26.30 | 54,700 | 24.33 |
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products |
490 | 24.94 | 51,870 | 20.98 |
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products |
1,610 | 28.08 | 58,420 | 27.92 |
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators |
3,140 | 21.14 | 43,960 | 19.65 |
Insurance appraisers, auto damage |
120 | 22.66 | 47,130 | 21.84 |
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation |
940 | 24.56 | 51,080 | 23.24 |
Cost estimators |
1,200 | 23.57 | 49,030 | 22.27 |
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists |
1,290 | 19.27 | 40,090 | 16.54 |
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists |
710 | 24.70 | 51,370 | 23.54 |
Training and development specialists |
880 | 22.75 | 47,330 | 21.97 |
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other |
1,310 | 29.64 | 61,650 | 28.85 |
Logisticians |
1,920 | 18.61 | 38,700 | 14.31 |
Management analysts |
2,180 | 29.19 | 60,720 | 27.96 |
Meeting and convention planners |
250 | 19.98 | 41,560 | 17.89 |
Business operations specialists, all other |
6,530 | 29.35 | 61,050 | 28.27 |
Accountants and auditors |
5,720 | 26.83 | 55,810 | 24.51 |
Appraisers and assessors of real estate |
430 | (4) | (4) | (4) |
Budget analysts |
470 | 29.81 | 62,010 | 29.16 |
Credit analysts |
350 | 30.68 | 63,800 | 30.61 |
Financial analysts |
1,110 | 23.31 | 48,490 | 19.57 |
Personal financial advisors |
1,090 | 33.55 | 69,790 | 23.92 |
Insurance underwriters |
830 | 26.45 | 55,020 | 23.89 |
Financial examiners |
200 | 32.54 | 67,690 | 30.76 |
Loan counselors |
460 | 15.54 | 32,320 | 14.67 |
Loan officers |
1,230 | 32.38 | 67,350 | 26.68 |
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents |
270 | 27.85 | 57,940 | 25.07 |
Tax preparers |
350 | 16.60 | 34,520 | 13.41 |
Financial specialists, all other |
620 | 25.24 | 52,500 | 24.26 |
Computer and mathematical occupations |
16,820 | 29.93 | 62,240 | 29.03 |
Computer and information scientists, research |
350 | 40.11 | 83,430 | 40.51 |
Computer programmers |
1,740 | 32.57 | 67,750 | 30.81 |
Computer software engineers, applications |
2,940 | 33.26 | 69,180 | 31.55 |
Computer software engineers, systems software |
1,140 | 34.93 | 72,650 | 32.01 |
Computer support specialists |
3,280 | 21.06 | 43,800 | 20.31 |
Computer systems analysts |
2,480 | 31.13 | 64,740 | 30.30 |
Database administrators |
730 | 29.20 | 60,730 | 29.29 |
Network and computer systems administrators |
1,720 | 27.74 | 57,710 | 27.11 |
Network systems and data communications analysts |
800 | 28.39 | 59,050 | 26.98 |
Computer specialists, all other |
1,170 | 34.17 | 71,070 | 34.42 |
Actuaries |
60 | 46.71 | 97,150 | 40.78 |
Operations research analysts |
290 | 36.27 | 75,430 | 37.85 |
Statisticians |
90 | 31.32 | 65,150 | 31.00 |
Architecture and engineering occupations |
11,550 | 29.07 | 60,470 | 27.49 |
Architects, except landscape and naval |
720 | 32.64 | 67,890 | 30.42 |
Surveyors |
450 | 27.54 | 57,290 | 23.91 |
Aerospace engineers |
(4) | 40.02 | 83,240 | 38.27 |
Civil engineers |
(4) | 31.40 | 65,310 | 30.52 |
Computer hardware engineers |
140 | 42.55 | 88,510 | 42.70 |
Electrical engineers |
550 | 38.09 | 79,230 | 35.97 |
Electronics engineers, except computer |
610 | 37.06 | 77,080 | 37.12 |
Environmental engineers |
190 | 38.61 | 80,310 | 40.36 |
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors |
80 | 30.82 | 64,110 | 32.47 |
Industrial engineers |
410 | 31.56 | 65,650 | 30.25 |
Materials engineers |
(4) | 40.53 | 84,310 | 41.30 |
Mechanical engineers |
720 | 31.76 | 66,070 | 30.27 |
Petroleum engineers |
50 | 50.53 | 105,090 | 52.92 |
Engineers, all other |
1,080 | 41.63 | 86,590 | 40.79 |
Architectural and civil drafters |
610 | 17.54 | 36,470 | 17.24 |
Electrical and electronics drafters |
280 | 20.09 | 41,800 | 19.76 |
Mechanical drafters |
340 | 20.55 | 42,730 | 19.12 |
Drafters, all other |
70 | 18.49 | 38,470 | 18.43 |
Civil engineering technicians |
880 | 17.46 | 36,310 | 16.36 |
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians |
490 | 25.88 | 53,830 | 26.07 |
Environmental engineering technicians |
70 | 20.95 | 43,580 | 19.83 |
Industrial engineering technicians |
200 | 25.60 | 53,260 | 23.77 |
Mechanical engineering technicians |
340 | 22.07 | 45,900 | 20.90 |
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other |
540 | 23.70 | 49,290 | 23.25 |
Surveying and mapping technicians |
760 | 14.74 | 30,650 | 14.02 |
Life, physical, and social science occupations |
6,700 | 27.76 | 57,740 | 24.40 |
Food scientists and technologists |
50 | 30.18 | 62,780 | 27.76 |
Microbiologists |
50 | 29.60 | 61,580 | 29.36 |
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists |
280 | 41.62 | 86,560 | 40.07 |
Life scientists, all other |
60 | 35.99 | 74,870 | 30.67 |
Physicists |
(4) | 49.90 | 103,800 | 50.06 |
Chemists |
260 | 30.46 | 63,360 | 29.60 |
Materials scientists |
40 | 31.41 | 65,340 | 33.27 |
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health |
350 | 27.46 | 57,110 | 24.38 |
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers |
270 | 43.94 | 91,390 | 35.50 |
Hydrologists |
60 | 36.04 | 74,970 | 38.67 |
Physical scientists, all other |
370 | 37.75 | 78,510 | 35.82 |
Economists |
70 | 36.47 | 75,850 | 28.56 |
Market research analysts |
1,240 | 29.92 | 62,240 | 26.92 |
Survey researchers |
(4) | 14.88 | 30,950 | 13.53 |
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists |
700 | 30.20 | 62,810 | 26.71 |
Urban and regional planners |
130 | 23.76 | 49,430 | 22.07 |
Social scientists and related workers, all other |
270 | 35.91 | 74,690 | 35.60 |
Agricultural and food science technicians |
(4) | 13.15 | 27,350 | 10.98 |
Biological technicians |
170 | 19.64 | 40,860 | 18.73 |
Chemical technicians |
330 | 16.09 | 33,460 | 14.60 |
Geological and petroleum technicians |
50 | 15.26 | 31,730 | 12.14 |
Social science research assistants |
90 | 19.79 | 41,160 | 18.97 |
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health |
360 | 17.57 | 36,550 | 15.60 |
Forensic science technicians |
210 | 16.67 | 34,670 | 16.60 |
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other |
400 | 14.94 | 31,080 | 11.94 |
Community and social services occupations |
7,800 | 18.65 | 38,780 | 16.98 |
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors |
190 | 18.54 | 38,560 | 17.15 |
Educational, vocational, and school counselors |
1,580 | 24.83 | 51,650 | 25.38 |
Mental health counselors |
260 | 22.52 | 46,850 | 18.11 |
Rehabilitation counselors |
260 | 17.60 | 36,610 | 16.74 |
Counselors, all other |
220 | 26.78 | 55,700 | 26.72 |
Child, family, and school social workers |
1,610 | 16.14 | 33,560 | 14.98 |
Medical and public health social workers |
780 | 20.31 | 42,240 | 20.01 |
Mental health and substance abuse social workers |
220 | 18.16 | 37,780 | 17.41 |
Social workers, all other |
260 | 19.99 | 41,570 | 16.28 |
Health educators |
460 | 19.04 | 39,600 | 18.16 |
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists |
(4) | 15.55 | 32,340 | 14.69 |
Social and human service assistants |
800 | 10.44 | 21,710 | 10.31 |
Community and social service specialists, all other |
270 | 13.72 | 28,530 | 13.83 |
Clergy |
110 | 18.99 | 39,510 | 17.68 |
Legal occupations |
5,920 | 36.84 | 76,630 | 29.18 |
Lawyers |
3,250 | 49.56 | 103,090 | 42.05 |
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates |
180 | 31.12 | 64,720 | 34.75 |
Paralegals and legal assistants |
1,470 | 18.81 | 39,120 | 17.56 |
Court reporters |
200 | 25.55 | 53,150 | 25.92 |
Law clerks |
350 | 21.23 | 44,150 | 17.05 |
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers |
230 | 19.52 | 40,600 | 17.66 |
Legal support workers, all other |
200 | 24.20 | 50,330 | 24.00 |
Education, training, and library occupations |
56,310 | 20.39 | 42,410 | 20.47 |
Business teachers, postsecondary |
340 | (5) | 72,860 | (5) |
Computer science teachers, postsecondary |
190 | (5) | 66,350 | (5) |
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary |
170 | (5) | 58,320 | (5) |
Engineering teachers, postsecondary |
110 | (5) | 70,980 | (5) |
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary |
60 | (5) | 54,580 | (5) |
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary |
110 | (5) | 59,030 | (5) |
Physics teachers, postsecondary |
60 | (5) | 54,670 | (5) |
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary |
50 | (5) | 50,490 | (5) |
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary |
170 | (5) | 39,520 | (5) |
Economics teachers, postsecondary |
70 | (5) | 66,900 | (5) |
Geography teachers, postsecondary |
50 | (5) | 50,340 | (5) |
Political science teachers, postsecondary |
120 | (5) | 49,950 | (5) |
Psychology teachers, postsecondary |
220 | (5) | 65,930 | (5) |
Sociology teachers, postsecondary |
70 | (5) | 51,950 | (5) |
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary |
(4) | (5) | 43,770 | (5) |
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary |
170 | (5) | 57,650 | (5) |
Education teachers, postsecondary |
230 | (5) | 61,810 | (5) |
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary |
30 | (5) | 57,500 | (5) |
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary |
360 | (5) | 50,950 | (5) |
Communications teachers, postsecondary |
160 | (5) | 41,150 | (5) |
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary |
310 | (5) | 52,350 | (5) |
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary |
150 | (5) | 54,590 | (5) |
History teachers, postsecondary |
140 | (5) | 54,390 | (5) |
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary |
90 | (5) | 63,590 | (5) |
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary |
110 | (5) | 39,500 | (5) |
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary |
990 | 19.07 | 39,670 | 17.88 |
Preschool teachers, except special education |
2,770 | 10.39 | 21,610 | 8.84 |
Kindergarten teachers, except special education |
530 | (5) | 44,220 | (5) |
Elementary school teachers, except special education |
12,610 | (5) | 46,300 | (5) |
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education |
5,940 | (5) | 47,390 | (5) |
Vocational education teachers, middle school |
130 | (5) | 49,170 | (5) |
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education |
7,340 | (5) | 49,470 | (5) |
Vocational education teachers, secondary school |
850 | (5) | 48,720 | (5) |
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school |
1,270 | (5) | 46,980 | (5) |
Special education teachers, middle school |
580 | (5) | 46,700 | (5) |
Special education teachers, secondary school |
500 | (5) | 46,740 | (5) |
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors |
250 | 18.76 | 39,020 | 19.43 |
Self-enrichment education teachers |
730 | 21.16 | 44,010 | 21.60 |
Teachers and instructors, all other |
4,050 | (5) | 26,020 | (5) |
Curators |
30 | 24.86 | 51,700 | 22.63 |
Museum technicians and conservators |
60 | 14.69 | 30,550 | 13.51 |
Librarians |
820 | 24.43 | 50,810 | 24.50 |
Library technicians |
260 | 13.14 | 27,320 | 12.71 |
Instructional coordinators |
1,340 | 25.12 | 52,250 | 23.97 |
Teacher assistants |
8,100 | (5) | 18,120 | (5) |
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations |
9,080 | 19.75 | 41,080 | 16.69 |
Art directors |
140 | 27.93 | 58,090 | 24.23 |
Craft artists |
100 | 10.27 | 21,360 | 7.45 |
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators |
50 | 23.91 | 49,740 | 22.44 |
Multi-media artists and animators |
60 | 20.10 | 41,810 | 20.54 |
Commercial and industrial designers |
(4) | 17.86 | 37,140 | 14.50 |
Floral designers |
160 | 10.75 | 22,360 | 9.91 |
Graphic designers |
1,100 | 21.29 | 44,290 | 19.72 |
Interior designers |
390 | 16.23 | 33,760 | 13.73 |
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers |
1,320 | 13.18 | 27,420 | 11.28 |
Producers and directors |
300 | 29.18 | 60,680 | 26.55 |
Athletes and sports competitors |
240 | (4) | (4) | (4) |
Coaches and scouts |
480 | (5) | 27,570 | (5) |
Musicians and singers |
250 | 17.14 | (5) | 10.24 |
Radio and television announcers |
320 | 24.02 | 49,950 | 15.06 |
Public address system and other announcers |
100 | 11.85 | 24,650 | 11.26 |
Reporters and correspondents |
200 | 20.20 | 42,020 | 20.91 |
Public relations specialists |
1,160 | 25.80 | 53,660 | 22.46 |
Editors |
380 | 22.69 | 47,190 | 21.20 |
Technical writers |
440 | 23.10 | 48,050 | 23.16 |
Writers and authors |
110 | 22.37 | 46,540 | 23.91 |
Interpreters and translators |
320 | 18.63 | 38,750 | 18.39 |
Media and communication workers, all other |
(4) | 24.94 | 51,870 | 24.49 |
Audio and video equipment technicians |
200 | 15.93 | 33,140 | 15.36 |
Broadcast technicians |
230 | 12.30 | 25,590 | 10.95 |
Photographers |
340 | 10.88 | 22,640 | 8.25 |
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture |
50 | 18.22 | 37,890 | 17.76 |
Film and video editors |
(4) | 26.58 | 55,280 | 21.57 |
Media and communication equipment workers, all other |
110 | 29.71 | 61,800 | 29.57 |
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations |
41,470 | 28.54 | 59,360 | 24.11 |
Chiropractors |
40 | 31.89 | 66,330 | 24.08 |
Dentists, general |
460 | 62.20 | 129,380 | 53.60 |
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons |
(4) | 92.61 | 192,630 | (3) |
Dietitians and nutritionists |
300 | 24.11 | 50,140 | 23.84 |
Optometrists |
(4) | 55.46 | 115,350 | 52.81 |
Pharmacists |
1,600 | 48.57 | 101,020 | 49.43 |
Anesthesiologists |
180 | 94.35 | 196,250 | (3) |
Family and general practitioners |
430 | 60.12 | 125,050 | 55.76 |
Obstetricians and gynecologists |
(4) | 92.65 | 192,710 | (3) |
Pediatricians, general |
(4) | 71.52 | 148,760 | (3) |
Psychiatrists |
(4) | 87.67 | 182,340 | (3) |
Surgeons |
310 | 91.64 | 190,620 | (3) |
Physicians and surgeons, all other |
1,060 | 72.13 | 150,040 | (3) |
Physician assistants |
260 | 39.86 | 82,900 | 39.97 |
Podiatrists |
(4) | 51.18 | 106,460 | 52.33 |
Registered nurses |
13,300 | 27.41 | 57,010 | 27.20 |
Audiologists |
50 | 25.70 | 53,450 | 26.75 |
Occupational therapists |
620 | 37.37 | 77,730 | 32.85 |
Physical therapists |
960 | 39.37 | 81,890 | 36.27 |
Recreational therapists |
60 | 18.90 | 39,310 | 17.91 |
Respiratory therapists |
690 | 22.13 | 46,030 | 21.97 |
Speech-language pathologists |
970 | 28.67 | 59,620 | 27.42 |
Therapists, all other |
80 | 24.13 | 50,190 | 23.33 |
Veterinarians |
270 | 38.83 | 80,770 | 37.46 |
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other |
160 | 54.76 | 113,900 | 44.27 |
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists |
1,030 | 23.74 | 49,380 | 23.73 |
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians |
1,160 | 15.27 | 31,770 | 14.96 |
Dental hygienists |
920 | 26.64 | 55,410 | 28.87 |
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians |
220 | 20.65 | 42,950 | 20.32 |
Diagnostic medical sonographers |
240 | 29.23 | 60,810 | 29.09 |
Nuclear medicine technologists |
120 | 29.07 | 60,460 | 29.05 |
Radiologic technologists and technicians |
1,240 | 23.19 | 48,230 | 22.36 |
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics |
1,120 | 13.09 | 27,240 | 12.19 |
Dietetic technicians |
70 | 11.37 | 23,660 | 10.93 |
Pharmacy technicians |
2,790 | 13.70 | 28,490 | 13.48 |
Respiratory therapy technicians |
220 | 20.67 | 42,990 | 20.42 |
Surgical technologists |
510 | 18.54 | 38,560 | 18.45 |
Veterinary technologists and technicians |
800 | 12.26 | 25,500 | 12.19 |
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses |
5,270 | 17.62 | 36,650 | 17.36 |
Medical records and health information technicians |
900 | 14.86 | 30,900 | 13.42 |
Opticians, dispensing |
240 | 12.18 | 25,330 | 12.73 |
Health technologists and technicians, all other |
470 | 17.67 | 36,750 | 16.95 |
Occupational health and safety specialists |
290 | 27.15 | 56,480 | 28.28 |
Occupational health and safety technicians |
60 | 25.28 | 52,570 | 22.37 |
Athletic trainers |
60 | (5) | 49,020 | (5) |
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other |
380 | 18.08 | 37,610 | 15.98 |
Healthcare support occupations |
22,250 | 10.87 | 22,610 | 9.96 |
Home health aides |
4,430 | 7.87 | 16,370 | 7.56 |
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants |
8,630 | 9.65 | 20,080 | 9.65 |
Occupational therapist assistants |
200 | 29.35 | 61,040 | 27.07 |
Occupational therapist aides |
50 | 10.38 | 21,590 | 10.61 |
Physical therapist assistants |
500 | 27.45 | 57,090 | 25.78 |
Physical therapist aides |
330 | 10.09 | 20,990 | 9.43 |
Massage therapists |
300 | 17.67 | 36,760 | 20.64 |
Dental assistants |
1,910 | 14.10 | 29,320 | 13.97 |
Medical assistants |
3,620 | 11.11 | 23,110 | 10.73 |
Medical equipment preparers |
260 | 11.73 | 24,390 | 11.10 |
Medical transcriptionists |
450 | 13.76 | 28,620 | 13.73 |
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers |
440 | 9.26 | 19,270 | 8.94 |
Healthcare support workers, all other |
910 | 13.45 | 27,970 | 12.26 |
Protective service occupations |
21,490 | 16.41 | 34,130 | 15.08 |
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers |
80 | 18.68 | 38,860 | 16.47 |
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives |
170 | 34.12 | 70,960 | 31.62 |
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers |
80 | 31.35 | 65,200 | 30.05 |
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers, all other |
320 | 16.78 | 34,910 | 14.52 |
Fire fighters |
2,440 | 21.49 | 44,690 | 22.19 |
Fire inspectors and investigators |
40 | 20.52 | 42,680 | 18.99 |
Bailiffs |
70 | 15.20 | 31,620 | 13.78 |
Correctional officers and jailers |
2,910 | 15.25 | 31,720 | 15.02 |
Detectives and criminal investigators |
1,080 | 28.17 | 58,600 | 28.43 |
Police and sheriff's patrol officers |
4,970 | 22.09 | 45,940 | 22.05 |
Animal control workers |
100 | 12.99 | 27,020 | 13.29 |
Private detectives and investigators |
360 | 22.19 | 46,160 | 18.96 |
Security guards |
6,970 | 10.47 | 21,780 | 9.28 |
Crossing guards |
340 | (4) | (4) | (4) |
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers |
1,370 | 7.49 | 15,570 | 7.24 |
Protective service workers, all other |
(4) | 12.20 | 25,370 | 10.92 |
Food preparation and serving related occupations |
80,070 | 8.31 | 17,280 | 7.34 |
Chefs and head cooks |
360 | 17.10 | 35,570 | 15.58 |
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers |
7,500 | 12.74 | 26,500 | 11.66 |
Cooks, fast food |
2,510 | 7.23 | 15,030 | 6.94 |
Cooks, institution and cafeteria |
1,690 | 9.25 | 19,240 | 9.10 |
Cooks, restaurant |
5,390 | 9.58 | 19,930 | 9.52 |
Cooks, short order |
1,270 | 7.81 | 16,250 | 7.01 |
Food preparation workers |
4,350 | 7.89 | 16,410 | 7.80 |
Bartenders |
2,760 | 8.22 | 17,100 | 6.89 |
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food |
24,830 | 7.41 | 15,420 | 6.90 |
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop |
1,940 | 7.48 | 15,560 | 7.25 |
Waiters and waitresses |
16,630 | 7.69 | 16,000 | 6.91 |
Food servers, nonrestaurant |
1,020 | 8.73 | 18,160 | 8.22 |
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers |
3,030 | 7.27 | 15,120 | 7.03 |
Dishwashers |
3,070 | 7.47 | 15,550 | 7.42 |
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop |
2,500 | 7.19 | 14,960 | 6.95 |
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other |
1,160 | 10.44 | 21,710 | 9.92 |
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations |
29,240 | 9.42 | 19,590 | 8.83 |
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers |
1,280 | 14.37 | 29,890 | 13.40 |
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers |
540 | 15.25 | 31,710 | 13.88 |
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners |
12,690 | 9.48 | 19,720 | 8.99 |
Maids and housekeeping cleaners |
8,940 | 7.91 | 16,460 | 7.71 |
Pest control workers |
340 | 14.14 | 29,420 | 13.85 |
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers |
5,230 | 9.57 | 19,900 | 9.24 |
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation |
80 | 13.94 | 29,000 | 12.25 |
Tree trimmers and pruners |
(4) | 12.84 | 26,700 | 12.76 |
Grounds maintenance workers, all other |
40 | 15.94 | 33,150 | 15.10 |
Personal care and service occupations |
27,250 | 7.97 | 16,590 | 7.14 |
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers |
760 | 12.91 | 26,850 | 11.63 |
Animal trainers |
(4) | 14.06 | 29,250 | 12.08 |
Nonfarm animal caretakers |
880 | 9.53 | 19,820 | 9.42 |
Gaming and sports book writers and runners |
(4) | 7.29 | 15,150 | 6.98 |
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers |
(4) | 7.51 | 15,620 | 7.31 |
Amusement and recreation attendants |
2,320 | 7.84 | 16,300 | 6.96 |
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants |
40 | 8.97 | 18,650 | 8.63 |
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other |
510 | 8.21 | 17,080 | 7.86 |
Embalmers |
70 | 14.30 | 29,740 | 15.54 |
Funeral attendants |
220 | 8.00 | 16,640 | 7.31 |
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists |
1,990 | 10.83 | 22,520 | 9.94 |
Manicurists and pedicurists |
680 | 7.72 | 16,070 | 7.87 |
Skin care specialists |
160 | 10.81 | 22,480 | 10.26 |
Baggage porters and bellhops |
190 | 9.10 | 18,920 | 7.62 |
Concierges |
100 | 10.90 | 22,680 | 10.75 |
Tour guides and escorts |
330 | 8.42 | 17,510 | 7.61 |
Child care workers |
2,580 | 7.93 | 16,500 | 7.71 |
Personal and home care aides |
12,990 | 6.69 | 13,920 | 6.63 |
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors |
400 | 12.77 | 26,570 | 10.29 |
Recreation workers |
1,370 | 8.92 | 18,560 | 8.21 |
Residential advisors |
310 | 8.84 | 18,390 | 7.25 |
Personal care and service workers, all other |
(4) | 7.67 | 15,950 | 7.47 |
Sales and related occupations |
86,070 | 14.00 | 29,130 | 9.79 |
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers |
7,660 | 18.20 | 37,850 | 15.78 |
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers |
1,370 | 32.99 | 68,620 | 28.83 |
Cashiers |
21,970 | 7.98 | 16,600 | 7.86 |
Counter and rental clerks |
2,980 | 11.21 | 23,320 | 9.09 |
Parts salespersons |
1,680 | 13.41 | 27,900 | 10.87 |
Retail salespersons |
28,160 | 10.63 | 22,110 | 9.02 |
Advertising sales agents |
700 | 30.07 | 62,540 | 24.93 |
Insurance sales agents |
1,650 | 19.34 | 40,220 | 16.99 |
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents |
1,310 | 30.43 | 63,300 | 22.26 |
Travel agents |
710 | 13.64 | 28,380 | 13.28 |
Sales representatives, services, all other |
2,780 | 21.42 | 44,560 | 17.53 |
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products |
1,420 | 36.42 | 75,760 | 30.54 |
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products |
8,050 | 24.12 | 50,170 | 21.13 |
Demonstrators and product promoters |
830 | 14.64 | 30,460 | 13.68 |
Real estate brokers |
260 | 33.25 | 69,150 | 33.23 |
Real estate sales agents |
870 | 20.71 | 43,080 | 12.15 |
Sales engineers |
180 | 33.83 | 70,370 | 32.41 |
Telemarketers |
(4) | 9.24 | 19,210 | 8.14 |
Sales and related workers, all other |
950 | 14.57 | 30,300 | 13.07 |
Office and administrative support occupations |
156,920 | 13.55 | 28,190 | 12.48 |
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers |
9,930 | 21.52 | 44,750 | 19.61 |
Switchboard operators, including answering service |
1,130 | 10.62 | 22,080 | 10.25 |
Bill and account collectors |
3,820 | 12.51 | 26,030 | 11.80 |
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators |
4,880 | 13.97 | 29,050 | 13.73 |
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks |
10,380 | 13.82 | 28,750 | 13.43 |
Payroll and timekeeping clerks |
1,020 | 15.09 | 31,400 | 15.04 |
Procurement clerks |
770 | 15.85 | 32,960 | 16.26 |
Tellers |
4,260 | 11.98 | 24,910 | 11.37 |
Brokerage clerks |
360 | 20.35 | 42,320 | 19.44 |
Correspondence clerks |
80 | 13.39 | 27,860 | 13.68 |
Court, municipal, and license clerks |
570 | 13.79 | 28,690 | 13.18 |
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks |
430 | 14.14 | 29,410 | 13.52 |
Customer service representatives |
25,220 | 12.31 | 25,610 | 11.40 |
Eligibility interviewers, government programs |
140 | 21.53 | 44,790 | 19.68 |
File clerks |
1,310 | 12.16 | 25,290 | 10.60 |
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks |
1,750 | 8.55 | 17,790 | 8.43 |
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan |
2,040 | 12.05 | 25,060 | 11.75 |
Library assistants, clerical |
530 | 10.00 | 20,790 | 9.58 |
Loan interviewers and clerks |
1,500 | 16.09 | 33,460 | 15.48 |
New accounts clerks |
490 | 15.18 | 31,580 | 14.51 |
Order clerks |
1,290 | 12.64 | 26,290 | 12.29 |
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping |
1,330 | 16.57 | 34,450 | 16.43 |
Receptionists and information clerks |
7,960 | 10.37 | 21,570 | 10.13 |
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks |
1,090 | 17.30 | 35,980 | 19.60 |
All other information and record clerks |
1,620 | 15.63 | 32,520 | 15.99 |
Cargo and freight agents |
430 | 19.72 | 41,020 | 20.75 |
Couriers and messengers |
380 | 9.85 | 20,480 | 9.04 |
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers |
470 | 14.37 | 29,890 | 14.28 |
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance |
1,090 | 15.46 | 32,160 | 14.81 |
Meter readers, utilities |
210 | 12.38 | 25,760 | 12.01 |
Postal service clerks |
320 | 21.58 | 44,880 | 21.83 |
Postal service mail carriers |
1,660 | 21.44 | 44,600 | 21.63 |
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators |
1,030 | 19.89 | 41,370 | 21.23 |
Production, planning, and expediting clerks |
(4) | 18.36 | 38,190 | 17.92 |
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks |
3,260 | 12.66 | 26,340 | 12.04 |
Stock clerks and order fillers |
10,140 | 10.19 | 21,190 | 9.45 |
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping |
300 | 12.28 | 25,540 | 11.83 |
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants |
9,870 | 17.27 | 35,910 | 16.54 |
Legal secretaries |
1,200 | 17.01 | 35,370 | 17.97 |
Medical secretaries |
1,890 | 11.88 | 24,710 | 11.44 |
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive |
14,830 | 12.34 | 25,670 | 11.99 |
Computer operators |
480 | 16.94 | 35,240 | 16.25 |
Data entry keyers |
1,600 | 11.14 | 23,180 | 10.99 |
Word processors and typists |
810 | 14.92 | 31,030 | 14.79 |
Desktop publishers |
120 | 16.91 | 35,170 | 16.58 |
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks |
1,510 | 14.53 | 30,220 | 14.51 |
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service |
920 | 11.75 | 24,430 | 11.38 |
Office clerks, general |
15,170 | 10.65 | 22,140 | 10.37 |
Office machine operators, except computer |
520 | 10.93 | 22,740 | 10.36 |
Proofreaders and copy markers |
100 | 11.44 | 23,790 | 10.49 |
Statistical assistants |
(4) | 23.17 | 48,190 | 23.16 |
Office and administrative support workers, all other |
640 | 15.04 | 31,290 | 14.47 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations |
960 | 8.68 | 18,060 | 7.17 |
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers |
80 | 13.66 | 28,410 | 13.38 |
Agricultural inspectors |
50 | 20.31 | 42,250 | 20.74 |
Graders and sorters, agricultural products |
(4) | 7.81 | 16,240 | 7.66 |
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse |
(4) | 9.87 | 20,530 | 8.58 |
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals |
(4) | 6.76 | 14,060 | 6.62 |
Construction and extraction occupations |
38,830 | 14.34 | 29,830 | 13.18 |
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers |
2,650 | 23.60 | 49,080 | 22.69 |
Brickmasons and blockmasons |
530 | 17.02 | 35,390 | 17.64 |
Stonemasons |
90 | 15.13 | 31,460 | 16.27 |
Carpenters |
3,570 | 15.01 | 31,220 | 14.33 |
Tile and marble setters |
400 | 11.84 | 24,630 | 11.13 |
Cement masons and concrete finishers |
1,750 | 12.37 | 25,730 | 12.34 |
Construction laborers |
8,640 | 10.35 | 21,520 | 10.00 |
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators |
420 | 13.19 | 27,430 | 12.56 |
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators |
2,810 | 13.95 | 29,010 | 13.47 |
Drywall and ceiling tile installers |
800 | 13.61 | 28,310 | 13.60 |
Tapers |
30 | 16.33 | 33,970 | 13.76 |
Electricians |
3,600 | 16.72 | 34,780 | 16.79 |
Glaziers |
560 | 12.02 | 24,990 | 12.00 |
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall |
(4) | 13.02 | 27,080 | 12.06 |
Insulation workers, mechanical |
110 | 16.32 | 33,950 | 19.43 |
Painters, construction and maintenance |
1,070 | 12.47 | 25,940 | 11.84 |
Pipelayers |
250 | 12.80 | 26,630 | 12.14 |
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters |
2,550 | 18.01 | 37,450 | 17.37 |
Plasterers and stucco masons |
430 | 15.24 | 31,700 | 14.67 |
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers |
120 | 15.62 | 32,490 | 13.96 |
Roofers |
480 | 12.58 | 26,170 | 11.63 |
Sheet metal workers |
690 | 17.37 | 36,140 | 16.88 |
Structural iron and steel workers |
530 | 13.17 | 27,400 | 12.93 |
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters |
410 | 11.07 | 23,020 | 11.06 |
Helpers--carpenters |
490 | 10.71 | 22,280 | 10.65 |
Helpers--electricians |
960 | 11.29 | 23,480 | 11.02 |
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons |
140 | 9.08 | 18,890 | 8.96 |
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters |
980 | 11.21 | 23,330 | 11.02 |
Helpers--roofers |
160 | 11.79 | 24,520 | 10.73 |
Helpers, construction trades, all other |
(4) | 10.76 | 22,380 | 10.89 |
Construction and building inspectors |
410 | 19.45 | 40,460 | 18.29 |
Elevator installers and repairers |
140 | 26.84 | 55,830 | 27.06 |
Hazardous materials removal workers |
360 | 13.86 | 28,840 | 13.88 |
Highway maintenance workers |
240 | 15.12 | 31,460 | 12.94 |
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners |
(4) | 11.43 | 23,760 | 11.32 |
Derrick operators, oil and gas |
(4) | 17.36 | 36,110 | 16.27 |
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas |
(4) | 18.82 | 39,140 | 17.85 |
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining |
130 | 16.85 | 35,050 | 15.13 |
Earth drillers, except oil and gas |
(4) | 14.83 | 30,840 | 14.54 |
Roustabouts, oil and gas |
(4) | 14.90 | 30,990 | 14.06 |
Helpers--extraction workers |
160 | 12.37 | 25,740 | 11.56 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations |
33,730 | 16.25 | 33,800 | 14.97 |
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers |
2,780 | 25.03 | 52,060 | 24.06 |
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers |
860 | 16.85 | 35,050 | 15.36 |
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers |
1,180 | 23.13 | 48,100 | 23.84 |
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers |
50 | 17.37 | 36,120 | 15.68 |
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment |
(4) | 15.69 | 32,640 | 15.62 |
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment |
340 | 21.52 | 44,770 | 21.72 |
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles |
140 | 12.96 | 26,960 | 11.73 |
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers |
160 | 14.51 | 30,190 | 13.71 |
Security and fire alarm systems installers |
270 | 17.71 | 36,840 | 18.06 |
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians |
1,690 | 19.23 | 39,990 | 19.98 |
Automotive body and related repairers |
850 | 15.97 | 33,220 | 14.88 |
Automotive service technicians and mechanics |
3,600 | 17.18 | 35,730 | 16.54 |
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists |
1,360 | 15.69 | 32,630 | 15.15 |
Farm equipment mechanics |
70 | 13.83 | 28,770 | 13.73 |
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines |
820 | 17.18 | 35,730 | 17.32 |
Motorboat mechanics |
(4) | 10.11 | 21,040 | 10.06 |
Motorcycle mechanics |
80 | 23.28 | 48,420 | 17.73 |
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics |
130 | 13.06 | 27,170 | 12.43 |
Recreational vehicle service technicians |
(4) | 15.60 | 32,440 | 14.82 |
Tire repairers and changers |
510 | 10.09 | 20,980 | 10.04 |
Mechanical door repairers |
(4) | 8.48 | 17,640 | 8.41 |
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door |
310 | 13.40 | 27,870 | 11.38 |
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers |
2,120 | 15.58 | 32,410 | 14.47 |
Home appliance repairers |
(4) | 18.87 | 39,240 | 15.92 |
Industrial machinery mechanics |
1,010 | 17.14 | 35,650 | 16.42 |
Maintenance and repair workers, general |
9,190 | 13.12 | 27,290 | 12.38 |
Maintenance workers, machinery |
160 | 15.39 | 32,020 | 15.15 |
Electrical power-line installers and repairers |
420 | 18.57 | 38,620 | 18.79 |
Telecommunications line installers and repairers |
970 | 20.66 | 42,980 | 23.12 |
Medical equipment repairers |
270 | 14.97 | 31,140 | 14.00 |
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other |
(4) | 20.58 | 42,800 | 20.84 |
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers |
440 | 13.32 | 27,700 | 12.24 |
Locksmiths and safe repairers |
(4) | 13.66 | 28,420 | 13.43 |
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers |
1,570 | 10.03 | 20,860 | 9.92 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other |
700 | 13.45 | 27,970 | 12.84 |
Production occupations |
42,810 | 12.79 | 26,590 | 11.49 |
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers |
3,150 | 21.38 | 44,460 | 19.73 |
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers |
530 | 17.82 | 37,070 | 18.61 |
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers |
1,900 | 12.83 | 26,690 | 12.89 |
Electromechanical equipment assemblers |
130 | 12.69 | 26,400 | 13.02 |
Engine and other machine assemblers |
540 | 16.00 | 33,270 | 16.72 |
Structural metal fabricators and fitters |
850 | 13.76 | 28,620 | 13.70 |
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators |
(4) | 10.72 | 22,310 | 10.79 |
Team assemblers |
5,790 | 11.41 | 23,730 | 10.07 |
Assemblers and fabricators, all other |
630 | 10.58 | 22,000 | 10.35 |
Bakers |
300 | 12.09 | 25,140 | 11.87 |
Butchers and meat cutters |
760 | 11.10 | 23,080 | 10.66 |
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers |
(4) | 10.08 | 20,960 | 9.76 |
Slaughterers and meat packers |
550 | 11.14 | 23,170 | 10.92 |
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders |
30 | 9.81 | 20,410 | 8.72 |
Food batchmakers |
600 | 9.21 | 19,160 | 8.49 |
Food cooking machine operators and tenders |
200 | 10.32 | 21,460 | 10.63 |
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic |
200 | 14.17 | 29,480 | 11.86 |
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
320 | 10.15 | 21,120 | 10.18 |
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
100 | (4) | (4) | (4) |
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
240 | 14.46 | 30,070 | 12.61 |
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
640 | 12.52 | 26,040 | 12.50 |
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
110 | 12.33 | 25,660 | 11.85 |
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
250 | 10.44 | 21,720 | 9.87 |
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
140 | 13.39 | 27,850 | 11.97 |
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
90 | 11.45 | 23,820 | 12.33 |
Machinists |
1,200 | 14.41 | 29,980 | 14.40 |
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
370 | 10.88 | 22,630 | 10.13 |
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
30 | 12.26 | 25,500 | 11.18 |
Tool and die makers |
50 | 17.88 | 37,190 | 18.35 |
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers |
1,890 | 13.04 | 27,120 | 12.52 |
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
150 | 12.70 | 26,410 | 12.36 |
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic |
90 | 12.73 | 26,480 | 11.81 |
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic |
80 | 12.82 | 26,670 | 12.00 |
Bindery workers |
220 | 11.46 | 23,830 | 10.71 |
Job printers |
140 | 14.74 | 30,660 | 14.35 |
Prepress technicians and workers |
240 | 14.22 | 29,570 | 13.47 |
Printing machine operators |
870 | 14.33 | 29,810 | 14.10 |
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers |
1,460 | 8.07 | 16,790 | 7.67 |
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials |
690 | 8.28 | 17,210 | 8.26 |
Sewing machine operators |
830 | 8.38 | 17,430 | 8.24 |
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers |
240 | 11.37 | 23,650 | 10.97 |
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders |
50 | 7.85 | 16,330 | 7.76 |
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders |
120 | 12.13 | 25,230 | 11.26 |
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers |
40 | 8.62 | 17,930 | 7.85 |
Fabric and apparel patternmakers |
50 | 11.52 | 23,960 | 7.75 |
Upholsterers |
230 | 11.92 | 24,800 | 11.10 |
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other |
(4) | 12.19 | 25,350 | 11.27 |
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters |
580 | 10.76 | 22,380 | 10.38 |
Furniture finishers |
160 | 10.69 | 22,240 | 10.07 |
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood |
280 | 9.74 | 20,250 | 9.22 |
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing |
800 | 10.49 | 21,810 | 10.21 |
Power distributors and dispatchers |
30 | 29.05 | 60,430 | 32.37 |
Stationary engineers and boiler operators |
170 | 15.62 | 32,490 | 14.67 |
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators |
610 | 15.01 | 31,210 | 14.74 |
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers |
140 | 21.48 | 44,670 | 21.08 |
Plant and system operators, all other |
50 | 19.74 | 41,060 | 20.34 |
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders |
80 | 12.76 | 26,530 | 13.13 |
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
270 | 11.13 | 23,160 | 10.55 |
Grinding and polishing workers, hand |
250 | 11.45 | 23,810 | 11.28 |
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders |
480 | 11.29 | 23,480 | 10.97 |
Cutters and trimmers, hand |
160 | 7.97 | 16,580 | 7.71 |
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders |
180 | 11.92 | 24,800 | 11.34 |
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders |
300 | 9.88 | 20,560 | 9.76 |
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders |
100 | 13.61 | 28,300 | 11.93 |
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers |
2,130 | 15.40 | 32,030 | 15.28 |
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers |
110 | 17.90 | 37,220 | 15.36 |
Dental laboratory technicians |
200 | 15.33 | 31,880 | 14.07 |
Medical appliance technicians |
40 | 14.34 | 29,840 | 14.58 |
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians |
700 | 20.51 | 42,660 | 18.72 |
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders |
1,960 | 10.23 | 21,270 | 9.90 |
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders |
410 | 11.40 | 23,710 | 11.29 |
Painters, transportation equipment |
540 | 14.61 | 30,390 | 11.84 |
Painting, coating, and decorating workers |
170 | 11.35 | 23,600 | 10.70 |
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders |
70 | 11.56 | 24,050 | 11.09 |
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders |
90 | 11.86 | 24,680 | 12.12 |
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders |
(4) | 11.31 | 23,520 | 11.09 |
Etchers and engravers |
(4) | 11.37 | 23,640 | 9.55 |
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic |
170 | 12.44 | 25,880 | 12.69 |
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders |
310 | 11.25 | 23,400 | 11.17 |
Helpers--production workers |
2,000 | 8.38 | 17,440 | 8.39 |
Production workers, all other |
380 | 10.92 | 22,710 | 9.81 |
Transportation and material moving occupations |
48,420 | 12.30 | 25,590 | 11.00 |
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand |
1,190 | 19.33 | 40,200 | 18.71 |
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators |
1,140 | 22.51 | 46,810 | 22.00 |
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers |
80 | (5) | 89,330 | (5) |
Commercial pilots |
100 | (5) | 70,610 | (5) |
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians |
60 | 9.32 | 19,380 | 9.08 |
Bus drivers, transit and intercity |
1,150 | (4) | (4) | (4) |
Bus drivers, school |
3,030 | 10.05 | 20,890 | 9.52 |
Driver/sales workers |
2,750 | 10.83 | 22,530 | 10.07 |
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer |
8,740 | 15.05 | 31,300 | 14.32 |
Truck drivers, light or delivery services |
4,800 | 12.20 | 25,380 | 10.75 |
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs |
1,250 | 8.94 | 18,590 | 8.43 |
Motor vehicle operators, all other |
(4) | 13.08 | 27,200 | 12.78 |
Parking lot attendants |
730 | 8.42 | 17,520 | 8.12 |
Service station attendants |
970 | 9.13 | 19,000 | 8.71 |
Traffic technicians |
50 | 16.50 | 34,330 | 14.24 |
Transportation workers, all other |
(4) | 11.59 | 24,100 | 11.27 |
Conveyor operators and tenders |
230 | 12.62 | 26,240 | 12.81 |
Crane and tower operators |
210 | 19.89 | 41,380 | 20.85 |
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators |
360 | 13.50 | 28,080 | 12.89 |
Industrial truck and tractor operators |
3,160 | 11.51 | 23,930 | 11.06 |
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment |
2,540 | 8.39 | 17,440 | 7.71 |
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand |
11,230 | 10.03 | 20,860 | 9.29 |
Machine feeders and offbearers |
970 | 13.93 | 28,960 | 14.25 |
Packers and packagers, hand |
1,630 | 9.76 | 20,310 | 8.78 |
Refuse and recyclable material collectors |
1,010 | 12.56 | 26,120 | 11.95 |
Material moving workers, all other |
140 | 10.79 | 22,450 | 9.70 |
Last Modified Date: August 19, 2008
