Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -1.8 2.7 2.4 0.3 4.5 3.2 1.3 December -5.8 1.9 1.7 0.2 7.7 5.8 1.9 1993 March -3.1 4.7 3.8 0.9 7.8 5.0 2.8 June 4.1 6.8 6.1 0.7 2.7 2.4 0.3 September -0.8 3.0 2.0 1.0 3.8 3.7 0.1 December -3.5 2.5 2.4 0.1 6.0 5.3 0.7 1994 March -4.3 3.0 2.4 0.6 7.3 5.5 1.8 June 5.9 7.9 6.9 1.0 2.0 1.7 0.3 September -0.2 3.7 3.1 0.6 3.9 2.9 1.0 December -3.8 2.0 1.6 0.4 5.8 5.6 0.2 1995 March -1.3 4.3 3.0 1.3 5.6 4.6 1.0 June 4.5 7.5 6.2 1.3 3.0 2.6 0.4 September -1.4 3.1 2.7 0.4 4.5 4.0 0.5 December -3.7 2.6 2.4 0.2 6.3 6.0 0.3 1996 March -1.5 4.5 3.4 1.1 6.0 5.3 0.7 June 3.8 7.8 6.8 1.0 4.0 3.3 0.7 September -0.5 3.4 2.2 1.2 3.9 2.8 1.1 December -4.9 2.2 1.9 0.3 7.1 6.7 0.4 1997 March -1.9 5.5 3.1 2.4 7.4 3.6 3.8 June 4.7 7.7 6.6 1.1 3.0 2.8 0.2 September -0.9 2.7 2.6 0.1 3.6 3.0 0.6 December -3.9 2.9 2.4 0.5 6.8 5.5 1.3 1998 March 4.7 9.3 3.5 5.8 4.6 3.9 0.7 June 0.3 7.4 6.5 0.9 7.1 2.5 4.6 September -1.2 2.5 2.1 0.4 3.7 3.3 0.4 December -0.7 4.6 4.3 0.3 5.3 4.9 0.4 1999 March -2.3 3.8 2.6 1.2 6.1 5.3 0.8 June 4.8 8.5 6.6 1.9 3.7 2.7 1.0 September -1.2 3.7 2.6 1.1 4.9 3.7 1.2 December -3.1 2.7 2.1 0.6 5.8 5.5 0.3 2000 March -1.8 3.9 3.1 0.8 5.7 4.9 0.8 June 3.1 7.9 6.9 1.0 4.8 3.7 1.1 September -1.7 2.4 2.1 0.3 4.1 3.5 0.6 December -3.3 3.1 2.7 0.4 6.4 6.0 0.4 2001 March -2.2 3.2 2.8 0.4 5.4 4.7 0.7 June 5.4 8.0 7.2 0.8 2.6 1.6 1.0 September -1.3 2.7 2.4 0.3 4.0 3.1 0.9 December -2.5 4.3 2.7 1.6 6.8 5.1 1.7 2002 March -2.9 4.2 2.3 1.9 7.1 4.9 2.2 June 4.6 6.9 6.5 0.4 2.3 1.9 0.4 September 0.0 2.6 2.0 0.6 2.6 2.4 0.2 December -3.7 2.1 1.5 0.6 5.8 5.3 0.5 2003 March -1.1 5.2 4.7 0.5 6.3 4.3 2.0 June 3.9 7.3 6.1 1.2 3.4 2.6 0.8 September -1.7 3.1 2.7 0.4 4.8 4.3 0.5 December -4.3 1.9 1.7 0.2 6.2 5.8 0.4 2004 March 0.1 4.9 3.7 1.2 4.8 4.3 0.5 June 3.9 6.8 6.1 0.7 2.9 2.3 0.6 September 0.0 3.1 2.8 0.3 3.1 2.3 0.8 December -1.7 3.5 2.9 0.6 5.2 4.9 0.3 2005 March -1.7 3.3 3.0 0.3 5.0 4.5 0.5 June 3.9 7.0 6.7 0.3 3.1 2.7 0.4 September 0.5 3.2 2.8 0.4 2.7 2.5 0.2 December -2.4 2.5 2.3 0.2 4.9 4.7 0.2 2006 March -1.4 2.7 2.5 0.2 4.1 3.6 0.5 June 6.0 7.6 7.0 0.6 1.6 1.5 0.1 September -0.5 2.5 2.2 0.3 3.0 2.8 0.2 December -1.2 3.6 3.3 0.3 4.8 4.5 0.3 2007 March -1.4 3.2 2.8 0.4 4.6 4.0 0.6 June 5.1 7.0 6.6 0.4 1.9 1.5 0.4 September 0.0 3.3 3.0 0.3 3.3 3.0 0.3 December -2.2 2.8 2.6 0.2 5.0 4.7 0.3 2008 March -0.8 3.7 3.4 0.3 4.5 3.9 0.6 June 4.7 6.9 6.6 0.3 2.2 1.7 0.5 September -0.4 2.1 2.0 0.1 2.5 2.3 0.2 December -2.8 1.9 1.7 0.2 4.7 4.4 0.3 2009 March -2.5 2.6 2.4 0.2 5.1 4.6 0.5 June 3.1 6.1 5.7 0.4 3.0 2.7 0.3 September -0.1 2.4 2.3 0.1 2.5 2.4 0.1 December -3.8 1.7 1.6 0.1 5.5 5.3 0.2 2010 March -1.8 3.0 2.7 0.3 4.8 4.2 0.6 June 3.1 5.4 5.1 0.3 2.3 2.1 0.2 September -0.9 1.9 1.7 0.2 2.8 2.7 0.1 December -3.3 1.8 1.7 0.1 5.1 4.9 0.2 2011 March -0.3 2.9 2.7 0.2 3.2 2.8 0.4 June 3.5 5.6 5.3 0.3 2.1 2.0 0.1 September 0.2 2.2 2.0 0.2 2.0 1.9 0.1 December -1.7 2.1 1.9 0.2 3.8 3.6 0.2 2012 March -0.7 2.6 2.2 0.4 3.3 3.0 0.3 June 2.9 5.3 4.9 0.4 2.4 2.2 0.2 September 0.0 2.2 2.1 0.1 2.2 2.1 0.1 December -2.1 2.0 1.9 0.1 4.1 3.7 0.4 2013 March -1.0 2.3 2.2 0.1 3.3 3.0 0.3 June 4.4 6.1 5.8 0.3 1.7 1.6 0.1 September 0.3 2.4 2.2 0.2 2.1 2.0 0.1 December -2.3 2.1 1.9 0.2 4.4 4.2 0.2 2014 March -0.1 2.8 2.4 0.4 2.9 2.7 0.2 June 4.0 5.6 5.4 0.2 1.6 1.3 0.3 September -0.1 1.8 1.7 0.1 1.9 1.8 0.1 December -1.9 2.0 1.8 0.2 3.9 3.7 0.2 2015 March -4.1 2.5 2.2 0.3 6.6 6.1 0.5 June 6.8 8.1 7.9 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.1 September -0.7 1.5 1.4 0.1 2.2 2.1 0.1 December -1.6 1.9 1.8 0.1 3.5 3.3 0.2 2016 March -1.6 2.1 1.9 0.2 3.7 3.4 0.3 June 3.8 5.2 4.9 0.3 1.4 1.2 0.2 September -0.5 2.0 1.5 0.5 2.5 2.2 0.3 December -1.8 2.1 1.9 0.2 3.9 3.7 0.2 2017 March -0.8 2.0 1.9 0.1 2.8 2.6 0.2 June 3.4 6.1 5.9 0.2 2.7 1.2 1.5 September -0.8 1.6 1.4 0.2 2.4 2.1 0.3 December -1.5 1.9 1.8 0.1 3.4 3.2 0.2 2018 March -0.5 2.4 2.1 0.3 2.9 2.6 0.3 June 2.9 4.6 4.4 0.2 1.7 1.5 0.2 September -0.6 1.8 1.7 0.1 2.4 2.2 0.2 December -2.0 1.9 1.8 0.1 3.9 3.5 0.4 2019 March -0.6 2.4 2.2 0.2 3.0 2.6 0.4 June 2.8 4.9 4.5 0.4 2.1 1.8 0.3 September -0.9 2.1 1.8 0.3 3.0 2.9 0.1 December -1.8 1.8 1.7 0.1 3.6 3.4 0.2 2020 March -1.1 2.3 2.1 0.2 3.4 3.0 0.4 June 0.7 3.7 3.4 0.3 3.0 2.9 0.1 September -0.4 2.2 1.8 0.4 2.6 2.3 0.3 December -3.1 1.8 1.7 0.1 4.9 4.6 0.3 2021 March -2.6 2.4 2.2 0.2 5.0 4.4 0.6 June 2.2 5.1 4.7 0.4 2.9 2.8 0.1 September -0.8 1.9 1.8 0.1 2.7 2.6 0.1 December -1.3 2.9 2.7 0.2 4.2 3.9 0.3 2022 March -0.3 3.0 2.7 0.3 3.3 2.8 0.5 June 3.2 5.5 5.1 0.4 2.3 2.1 0.2 September 0.4 2.9 2.7 0.2 2.5 2.2 0.3 December -1.3 2.5 2.2 0.3 3.8 3.5 0.3 2023 March 0.1 2.8 2.3 0.5 2.7 2.3 0.4 June 4.4 5.8 5.3 0.5 1.4 1.2 0.2 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.