Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Construction (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September 1.4 15.0 11.6 3.4 13.6 10.7 2.9 December -5.4 12.5 9.5 3.0 17.9 14.4 3.5 1993 March -6.6 12.6 9.4 3.2 19.2 14.5 4.7 June 12.8 23.2 18.2 5.0 10.4 7.8 2.6 September 2.8 15.1 11.9 3.2 12.3 9.8 2.5 December -3.8 12.6 9.7 2.9 16.4 13.3 3.1 1994 March -5.1 13.1 10.0 3.1 18.2 13.7 4.5 June 12.8 23.0 17.9 5.1 10.2 7.7 2.5 September 3.0 15.0 11.8 3.2 12.0 9.6 2.4 December -4.4 11.8 9.1 2.7 16.2 13.1 3.1 1995 March -5.0 12.5 9.5 3.0 17.5 13.4 4.1 June 10.7 21.0 16.4 4.6 10.3 8.0 2.3 September 1.9 14.2 11.3 2.9 12.3 9.7 2.6 December -4.4 11.8 9.1 2.7 16.2 13.1 3.1 1996 March -4.3 12.6 9.5 3.1 16.9 12.9 4.0 June 11.7 21.4 16.8 4.6 9.7 7.4 2.3 September 1.8 13.6 10.8 2.8 11.8 9.5 2.3 December -3.9 11.5 8.8 2.7 15.4 12.6 2.8 1997 March -3.7 12.4 9.5 2.9 16.1 12.4 3.7 June 10.2 19.8 15.7 4.1 9.6 7.4 2.2 September 2.0 13.5 10.8 2.7 11.5 9.1 2.4 December -4.2 11.2 8.7 2.5 15.4 12.2 3.2 1998 March -4.2 12.0 9.0 3.0 16.2 12.1 4.1 June 11.6 20.6 16.0 4.6 9.0 6.9 2.1 September 1.9 12.9 10.3 2.6 11.0 8.7 2.3 December -1.9 11.3 9.0 2.3 13.2 10.7 2.5 1999 March -3.9 11.7 8.9 2.8 15.6 12.0 3.6 June 10.2 19.2 15.3 3.9 9.0 6.9 2.1 September 1.1 12.2 9.8 2.4 11.1 8.8 2.3 December -2.7 10.6 8.4 2.2 13.3 10.8 2.5 2000 March -2.4 11.8 9.1 2.7 14.2 10.8 3.4 June 8.5 17.6 14.1 3.5 9.1 7.0 2.1 September 0.5 11.6 9.3 2.3 11.1 8.8 2.3 December -4.1 9.8 7.7 2.1 13.9 11.4 2.5 2001 March -2.8 11.4 8.7 2.7 14.2 10.7 3.5 June 8.2 17.2 13.8 3.4 9.0 7.1 1.9 September -0.6 10.7 8.6 2.1 11.3 9.1 2.2 December -4.8 9.2 7.2 2.0 14.0 11.7 2.3 2002 March -4.7 10.4 8.0 2.4 15.1 11.7 3.4 June 7.5 16.8 13.3 3.5 9.3 7.3 2.0 September 0.2 10.9 8.8 2.1 10.7 8.6 2.1 December -4.4 9.3 7.2 2.1 13.7 11.3 2.4 2003 March -5.2 10.1 7.7 2.4 15.3 11.8 3.5 June 8.7 17.5 14.1 3.4 8.8 6.8 2.0 September 1.1 11.2 9.1 2.1 10.1 8.1 2.0 December -3.4 9.5 7.5 2.0 12.9 10.6 2.3 2004 March -3.2 10.5 8.1 2.4 13.7 10.5 3.2 June 8.7 17.0 13.6 3.4 8.3 6.4 1.9 September 1.0 10.9 8.8 2.1 9.9 7.9 2.0 December -2.5 9.7 7.6 2.1 12.2 10.0 2.2 2005 March -3.5 10.2 7.8 2.4 13.7 10.6 3.1 June 9.2 17.1 13.7 3.4 7.9 6.1 1.8 September 1.9 11.3 9.1 2.2 9.4 7.5 1.9 December -2.7 9.4 7.4 2.0 12.1 10.0 2.1 2006 March -1.7 10.6 8.2 2.4 12.3 9.5 2.8 June 7.7 15.7 12.7 3.0 8.0 6.3 1.7 September -0.4 9.8 7.9 1.9 10.2 8.3 1.9 December -4.2 8.6 6.8 1.8 12.8 10.7 2.1 2007 March -3.4 9.8 7.7 2.1 13.2 10.3 2.9 June 7.0 15.3 12.3 3.0 8.3 6.5 1.8 September -0.8 9.6 7.7 1.9 10.4 8.5 1.9 December -5.0 8.5 6.7 1.8 13.5 11.2 2.3 2008 March -5.6 8.9 6.9 2.0 14.5 11.3 3.2 June 5.1 14.6 11.7 2.9 9.5 7.4 2.1 September -1.8 9.4 7.5 1.9 11.2 9.0 2.2 December -8.9 7.5 5.8 1.7 16.4 13.5 2.9 2009 March -11.2 7.6 5.7 1.9 18.8 14.7 4.1 June 3.0 14.5 11.3 3.2 11.5 9.1 2.4 September -2.5 9.8 7.8 2.0 12.3 9.7 2.6 December -7.0 8.6 6.5 2.1 15.6 12.7 2.9 2010 March -6.9 9.4 7.1 2.3 16.3 12.3 4.0 June 8.6 17.8 14.0 3.8 9.2 7.1 2.1 September 0.6 11.2 8.9 2.3 10.6 8.3 2.3 December -5.5 9.2 7.1 2.1 14.7 11.8 2.9 2011 March -4.8 9.8 7.6 2.2 14.6 11.0 3.6 June 9.1 17.7 14.0 3.7 8.6 6.6 2.0 September 1.9 11.8 9.5 2.3 9.9 7.9 2.0 December -4.7 9.1 7.0 2.1 13.8 11.1 2.7 2012 March -3.4 10.3 8.1 2.2 13.7 10.5 3.2 June 8.1 16.5 13.2 3.3 8.4 6.6 1.8 September 1.1 10.8 8.7 2.1 9.7 7.7 2.0 December -2.9 9.4 7.4 2.0 12.3 10.0 2.3 2013 March -2.8 10.1 8.0 2.1 12.9 9.9 3.0 June 8.6 16.5 13.3 3.2 7.9 6.2 1.7 September 1.6 10.6 8.6 2.0 9.0 7.3 1.7 December -3.8 8.8 7.0 1.8 12.6 10.4 2.2 2014 March -2.2 9.8 7.8 2.0 12.0 9.3 2.7 June 9.0 16.4 13.4 3.0 7.4 5.8 1.6 September 1.5 10.0 8.3 1.7 8.5 6.9 1.6 December -3.0 8.4 6.8 1.6 11.4 9.4 2.0 2015 March -3.0 9.0 7.1 1.9 12.0 9.5 2.5 June 8.8 15.7 13.0 2.7 6.9 5.5 1.4 September 1.1 9.4 7.8 1.6 8.3 6.8 1.5 December -1.9 8.6 6.9 1.7 10.5 8.7 1.8 2016 March -2.6 8.7 7.0 1.7 11.3 9.0 2.3 June 7.0 14.2 11.8 2.4 7.2 5.7 1.5 September 0.9 9.2 7.5 1.7 8.3 6.8 1.5 December -3.3 7.7 6.2 1.5 11.0 9.2 1.8 2017 March -1.5 9.0 7.2 1.8 10.5 8.3 2.2 June 7.4 14.2 11.7 2.5 6.8 5.5 1.3 September -0.1 8.4 6.9 1.5 8.5 7.0 1.5 December -2.0 8.1 6.5 1.6 10.1 8.4 1.7 2018 March -1.3 8.7 6.9 1.8 10.0 7.9 2.1 June 7.1 13.7 11.3 2.4 6.6 5.2 1.4 September 0.2 8.3 6.8 1.5 8.1 6.7 1.4 December -2.4 7.5 6.0 1.5 9.9 8.2 1.7 2019 March -1.9 8.2 6.5 1.7 10.1 8.0 2.1 June 6.5 13.2 10.9 2.3 6.7 5.3 1.4 September 0.3 8.1 6.6 1.5 7.8 6.4 1.4 December -3.0 7.1 5.7 1.4 10.1 8.4 1.7 2020 March -2.4 7.8 6.2 1.6 10.2 7.9 2.3 June 0.2 10.7 8.4 2.3 10.5 8.7 1.8 September 0.6 9.0 7.1 1.9 8.4 6.9 1.5 December -1.1 7.9 6.3 1.6 9.0 7.4 1.6 2021 March -1.5 8.1 6.3 1.8 9.6 7.6 2.0 June 5.6 12.2 9.9 2.3 6.6 5.3 1.3 September 0.3 8.1 6.4 1.7 7.8 6.3 1.5 December -1.0 7.8 6.1 1.7 8.8 7.2 1.6 2022 March -0.9 8.2 6.4 1.8 9.1 6.9 2.2 June 5.9 12.1 9.7 2.4 6.2 4.8 1.4 September 0.6 7.9 6.4 1.5 7.3 5.8 1.5 December -2.5 6.9 5.4 1.5 9.4 7.6 1.8 2023 March -1.2 7.7 6.1 1.6 8.9 6.8 2.1 June 5.8 12.0 9.8 2.2 6.2 4.8 1.4 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.