Table 1.1 Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1996-2011 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Argentina 33 33 34 34 33 32 11 13 15 18 22 25 31 30 37 45 Australia 85 82 73 76 66 57 64 79 91 95 96 104 110 98 114 130 Austria 125 108 107 103 88 83 85 99 106 107 110 119 131 125 115 121 Belgium 146 125 125 120 105 98 101 123 136 136 139 148 164 153 146 154 Brazil 32 31 29 18 17 14 11 11 13 17 20 22 26 24 29 33 Canada 83 80 75 74 73 68 66 74 81 87 94 97 98 87 99 103 Czech Republic 15 14 15 15 14 14 17 20 22 24 27 31 37 33 33 37 Denmark NA 103 103 104 89 88 93 111 122 123 125 139 152 142 138 145 Estonia NA NA NA NA 10 10 11 14 17 18 22 27 32 29 27 29 Finland 111 97 93 92 80 78 83 98 111 112 116 122 134 127 118 124 France 124 108 106 101 86 81 85 100 110 108 111 118 127 118 112 119 Germany 148 127 123 115 102 97 101 119 129 126 129 136 145 134 126 133 Greece 56 50 48 47 40 34 41 48 54 51 54 62 71 66 64 61 Hungary 14 13 13 13 12 13 15 18 21 22 22 27 30 25 24 26 Ireland 75 72 71 70 63 65 69 83 93 95 100 110 124 117 110 112 Israel 51 53 53 50 52 52 46 46 46 46 46 49 59 53 56 60 Italy 93 86 82 78 67 64 68 82 92 92 94 99 107 100 96 102 Japan 105 95 88 98 100 86 79 82 86 84 79 74 84 88 91 101 Korea, Republic of 42 40 28 36 39 34 37 40 43 49 57 61 51 44 51 53 Mexico 14 15 15 17 19 21 20 19 18 19 19 19 20 17 18 18 Netherlands NA 97 99 97 84 82 87 104 113 110 113 119 131 121 114 119 New Zealand 54 52 43 42 36 33 36 44 50 54 52 59 58 51 59 66 Norway NA 112 111 111 98 97 111 125 134 139 146 161 173 155 164 181 Philippines 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 Poland NA 14 15 14 14 15 15 15 16 19 20 24 29 23 24 25 Portugal 32 28 28 27 24 23 24 29 31 32 33 35 38 36 34 36 Singapore 53 53 49 46 47 47 44 45 45 44 45 49 58 51 55 64 Slovakia 12 12 12 11 10 10 12 15 18 19 22 27 33 33 31 33 Spain 69 61 60 58 50 48 51 61 68 69 72 77 85 81 77 80 Sweden 121 109 107 103 94 84 90 109 118 117 120 133 136 120 125 138 Switzerland 158 132 132 123 108 107 114 129 134 133 134 136 150 148 147 170 Taiwan 32 31 27 28 29 27 25 24 25 26 26 26 26 23 24 26 United Kingdom 79 84 88 89 83 79 81 88 97 99 102 110 104 86 84 87 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 69 66 66 #63 59 59 65 71 72 75 78 82 75 78 82 OECD (2) NA 73 70 70 #66 62 62 70 75 77 80 83 87 80 82 87 Europe (2) NA 101 101 97 #85 82 86 100 110 109 112 119 127 117 112 118 Euro Area (2) NA 105 103 98 #86 82 86 102 112 111 114 121 132 122 116 122 Eastern Europe (2) NA 14 14 14 #13 14 15 17 19 21 23 27 32 27 27 29 East Asia ex-Japan NA 38 31 33 35 33 33 34 35 38 42 44 42 37 41 44 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 1.2 Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 22.47 23.04 23.49 24.02 24.96 26.22 27.36 28.57 29.31 30.14 30.48 32.07 32.78 34.19 34.81 35.53 Argentina 7.43 7.55 8.01 8.08 8.16 8.27 3.01 3.65 4.51 5.51 6.63 8.04 10.04 10.23 12.78 15.91 Australia 19.17 18.93 17.15 18.14 16.45 15.02 17.42 22.65 26.75 28.55 29.17 33.37 35.91 33.42 39.67 46.29 Austria 28.12 24.91 25.20 24.85 21.97 21.70 23.38 28.38 31.18 32.37 33.63 38.13 42.86 42.62 39.98 43.16 Belgium 32.71 28.92 29.30 28.74 26.14 25.78 27.76 35.01 39.95 41.00 42.49 47.46 53.88 52.27 50.72 54.77 Brazil 7.11 7.07 6.75 4.21 4.35 3.63 3.08 3.23 3.82 5.02 5.99 7.11 8.44 8.13 10.08 11.65 Canada 18.62 18.49 17.73 17.84 18.33 17.81 18.05 21.08 23.67 26.26 28.58 31.27 32.06 29.59 34.60 36.56 Czech Republic 3.38 3.25 3.55 3.50 3.40 3.75 4.61 5.65 6.57 7.30 8.16 9.81 12.23 11.42 11.61 13.13 Denmark NA 23.70 24.17 24.94 22.21 23.00 25.45 31.70 35.68 37.05 38.23 44.43 49.70 48.60 47.93 51.67 Estonia NA NA NA NA 2.55 2.68 3.11 4.11 4.86 5.52 6.58 8.73 10.56 9.83 9.42 10.39 Finland 25.01 22.36 21.80 22.08 19.87 20.43 22.62 28.12 32.47 33.64 35.23 39.17 43.85 43.47 41.10 44.14 France 27.82 24.86 24.97 24.28 21.37 21.31 23.13 28.46 32.14 32.66 33.85 37.96 41.76 40.37 39.12 42.12 Germany 33.22 29.16 28.92 27.57 25.41 25.31 27.63 34.00 37.72 38.03 39.37 43.50 47.53 45.77 43.83 47.38 Greece 12.61 11.61 11.21 11.30 9.94 9.02 11.14 13.72 15.89 15.25 16.60 19.76 23.14 22.72 22.36 21.78 Hungary 3.11 3.05 3.09 3.09 2.96 3.37 4.18 5.19 6.17 6.71 6.85 8.66 9.77 8.62 8.39 9.17 Ireland 16.87 16.69 16.66 16.89 15.76 17.01 18.88 23.64 27.18 28.64 30.41 35.40 40.53 40.06 38.30 39.83 Israel 11.52 12.28 12.33 12.03 12.94 13.74 12.45 13.18 13.53 13.87 14.16 15.79 19.25 18.19 19.59 21.42 Italy 21.00 19.76 19.20 18.73 16.64 16.83 18.61 23.42 27.11 27.71 28.52 31.81 35.11 34.32 33.59 36.17 Japan 23.67 21.99 20.59 23.59 25.02 22.43 21.48 23.41 25.27 25.25 24.03 23.72 27.48 30.03 31.75 35.71 Korea, Republic of 9.54 9.22 6.62 8.59 9.62 9.00 10.25 11.33 12.63 14.83 17.37 19.43 16.85 15.06 17.73 18.91 Mexico 3.05 3.47 3.57 4.02 4.70 5.41 5.59 5.31 5.26 5.61 5.88 6.17 6.47 5.70 6.14 6.48 Netherlands NA 22.45 23.25 23.28 21.04 21.59 23.73 29.66 33.01 33.29 34.37 38.30 43.09 41.39 39.54 42.26 New Zealand 12.11 12.06 10.03 10.14 9.00 8.53 9.77 12.62 14.78 16.26 15.75 18.84 19.15 17.47 20.42 23.38 Norway NA 25.84 26.08 26.57 24.50 25.35 30.28 35.60 39.34 41.95 44.37 51.78 56.82 52.90 57.13 64.15 Philippines 1.36 1.28 0.98 1.06 1.00 0.98 1.02 1.03 1.10 1.20 1.35 1.60 1.75 1.70 1.88 2.01 Poland NA 3.15 3.46 3.40 3.41 3.91 4.07 4.39 4.79 5.60 6.18 7.63 9.60 7.72 8.30 8.83 Portugal 7.12 6.45 6.67 6.60 5.93 6.05 6.70 8.18 9.23 9.53 9.95 11.21 12.60 12.30 11.89 12.91 Singapore 11.93 12.15 11.47 11.01 11.71 12.20 12.14 12.74 13.20 13.25 13.77 15.71 18.87 17.54 19.10 22.60 Slovakia 2.73 2.84 2.89 2.59 2.60 2.69 3.24 4.38 5.20 5.82 6.56 8.53 10.72 11.24 10.72 11.77 Spain 15.48 13.95 14.15 13.91 12.40 12.49 13.85 17.42 19.82 20.74 21.80 24.79 27.75 27.86 26.66 28.44 Sweden 27.15 25.02 25.20 24.82 23.40 21.91 24.58 31.01 34.72 35.39 36.55 42.61 44.45 40.92 43.49 49.12 Switzerland 35.52 30.42 30.98 29.60 26.92 28.09 31.10 36.79 39.41 40.10 40.91 43.53 49.23 50.54 51.10 60.40 Taiwan 7.10 7.04 6.34 6.79 7.30 7.16 6.83 6.97 7.28 7.93 8.05 8.18 8.68 7.77 8.37 9.34 United Kingdom 17.78 19.30 20.68 21.38 20.67 20.73 22.10 25.01 28.50 29.72 31.23 35.23 34.20 29.47 29.11 30.77 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 15.91 15.50 15.81 #15.67 15.44 16.07 18.65 20.67 21.77 22.81 25.00 26.78 25.54 27.02 29.27 OECD (2) NA 16.76 16.37 16.78 #16.58 16.34 17.10 19.93 22.12 23.27 24.37 26.69 28.50 27.21 28.70 31.00 Europe (2) NA 23.35 23.64 23.22 #21.28 21.45 23.44 28.59 32.10 32.86 34.14 38.22 41.68 39.90 38.87 42.09 Euro Area (2) NA 24.23 24.25 23.61 #21.38 21.53 23.53 29.20 32.86 33.48 34.75 38.85 43.16 41.87 40.27 43.23 Eastern Europe (2) NA 3.12 3.34 3.27 #3.18 3.56 4.11 4.88 5.61 6.31 6.90 8.57 10.45 9.29 9.43 10.34 East Asia ex-Japan NA 8.65 7.19 8.04 8.77 8.57 8.99 9.61 10.35 11.47 12.68 14.02 13.80 12.50 14.14 15.69 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 1.3 Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1996-2011 (Index, 2000 = 100) Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 90 92 94 96 100 105 110 114 117 121 122 128 131 137 139 142 Argentina 91 93 98 99 100 101 37 45 55 67 81 98 123 125 157 195 Australia 117 115 104 110 100 91 106 138 163 174 177 203 218 203 241 281 Austria 128 113 115 113 100 99 106 129 142 147 153 174 195 194 182 196 Belgium 125 111 112 110 100 99 106 134 153 157 163 182 206 200 194 210 Brazil 163 163 155 97 100 83 71 74 88 115 138 163 194 187 232 268 Canada 102 101 97 97 100 97 98 115 129 143 156 171 175 161 189 199 Czech Republic 100 96 104 103 100 110 136 166 193 215 240 289 360 336 342 387 Denmark NA 107 109 112 100 104 115 143 161 167 172 200 224 219 216 233 Estonia NA NA NA NA 100 105 122 161 190 216 258 342 414 385 369 407 Finland 126 113 110 111 100 103 114 142 163 169 177 197 221 219 207 222 France 130 116 117 114 100 100 108 133 150 153 158 178 195 189 183 197 Germany 131 115 114 109 100 100 109 134 148 150 155 171 187 180 172 186 Greece 127 117 113 114 100 91 112 138 160 153 167 199 233 229 225 219 Hungary 105 103 104 104 100 114 141 175 209 227 232 293 330 292 284 310 Ireland 107 106 106 107 100 108 120 150 172 182 193 225 257 254 243 253 Israel 89 95 95 93 100 106 96 102 105 107 109 122 149 141 151 165 Italy 126 119 115 113 100 101 112 141 163 167 171 191 211 206 202 217 Japan 95 88 82 94 100 90 86 94 101 101 96 95 110 120 127 143 Korea, Republic of 99 96 69 89 100 94 107 118 131 154 181 202 175 157 184 197 Mexico 65 74 76 86 100 115 119 113 112 120 125 131 138 121 131 138 Netherlands NA 107 110 111 100 103 113 141 157 158 163 182 205 197 188 201 New Zealand 135 134 111 113 100 95 109 140 164 181 175 209 213 194 227 260 Norway NA 105 106 108 100 103 124 145 161 171 181 211 232 216 233 262 Philippines 135 128 98 106 100 97 102 102 109 119 134 159 174 169 187 200 Poland NA 93 102 100 100 115 119 129 141 164 181 224 282 227 244 259 Portugal 120 109 112 111 100 102 113 138 156 161 168 189 212 207 200 218 Singapore 102 104 98 94 100 104 104 109 113 113 118 134 161 150 163 193 Slovakia 105 109 111 100 100 104 125 169 200 224 253 329 413 433 413 453 Spain 125 112 114 112 100 101 112 140 160 167 176 200 224 225 215 229 Sweden 116 107 108 106 100 94 105 133 148 151 156 182 190 175 186 210 Switzerland 132 113 115 110 100 104 116 137 146 149 152 162 183 188 190 224 Taiwan 97 96 87 93 100 98 94 95 100 109 110 112 119 106 115 128 United Kingdom 86 93 100 103 100 100 107 121 138 144 151 170 165 143 141 149 'NA' means data not available. Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 1.4 Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 22.47 23.04 23.49 24.02 24.96 26.22 27.36 28.57 29.31 30.14 30.48 32.07 32.78 34.19 34.81 35.53 Argentina 7.43 7.55 8.00 8.08 8.16 8.26 9.21 10.59 13.19 15.99 20.26 24.89 31.57 37.95 49.79 65.41 Australia 24.49 25.45 27.26 28.10 28.29 29.06 32.05 34.72 36.33 37.44 38.72 39.77 42.06 42.15 43.12 44.80 Austria 297.75 304.01 311.94 #23.33 23.80 24.24 24.74 25.07 25.07 26.00 26.77 27.81 29.10 30.58 30.15 30.98 Belgium 1012.99 1035.53 1063.88 #26.98 28.31 28.80 29.36 30.93 32.12 32.94 33.82 34.62 36.59 37.51 38.25 39.31 Brazil 7.14 7.62 7.83 7.66 7.96 8.54 9.01 9.93 11.18 12.22 13.02 13.83 15.47 16.24 17.74 19.48 Canada 25.40 25.61 26.30 26.51 27.23 27.58 28.35 29.53 30.81 31.82 32.41 33.57 34.18 33.77 35.63 36.15 Czech Republic 91.83 102.87 114.46 120.86 131.15 142.51 150.89 159.34 168.89 174.93 184.33 199.18 208.75 217.78 221.67 232.43 Denmark NA 156.67 162.00 174.35 179.76 191.68 200.70 208.52 213.67 222.12 227.17 241.77 252.90 260.36 269.68 276.61 Estonia NA NA NA NA 43.33 46.75 51.61 56.90 61.20 69.51 82.07 99.77 112.91 110.64 111.20 #7.46 Finland 114.88 116.07 116.53 #20.73 21.52 22.83 23.93 24.84 26.10 27.02 28.04 28.57 29.78 31.20 30.99 31.69 France 142.32 145.17 147.33 #22.79 23.15 23.80 24.47 25.14 25.84 26.24 26.94 27.68 28.36 28.97 29.50 30.23 Germany 49.99 50.59 50.89 #25.88 27.53 28.28 29.23 30.03 30.33 30.55 31.34 31.72 32.28 32.84 33.05 34.01 Greece 3035.82 3169.63 3313.04 3467.14 3633.20 #10.08 11.78 12.12 12.78 12.25 13.22 14.41 15.71 16.31 16.86 15.63 Hungary 475.33 570.26 661.48 732.37 834.65 965.19 1079.06 1163.88 1250.99 1339.23 1441.81 1590.78 1682.02 1744.66 1745.28 1843.11 Ireland 10.54 10.99 11.69 #15.85 17.07 19.00 19.97 20.88 21.85 23.01 24.21 25.82 27.53 28.75 28.88 28.59 Israel 36.77 42.35 46.87 49.80 52.78 57.81 59.01 60.03 60.65 62.24 63.10 64.88 69.08 71.55 73.24 76.63 Italy 32395.51 33665.92 33350.10 #17.58 18.03 18.81 19.69 20.69 21.80 22.26 22.70 23.20 23.84 24.63 25.33 25.96 Japan 2574.31 2661.95 2696.63 2682.89 2697.41 2727.04 2690.19 2714.45 2732.94 2780.60 2794.96 2793.10 2840.73 2812.92 2787.43 2846.02 Korea, Republic of 7682.03 8786.38 9269.48 10221.16 10879.69 11622.44 12811.76 13501.28 14468.53 15182.83 16573.22 18054.50 18509.06 19192.54 20492.46 20933.61 Mexico 23.14 27.49 32.71 38.40 44.41 50.53 54.03 57.29 59.34 61.15 64.09 67.43 72.13 76.93 77.52 80.57 Netherlands NA 43.83 46.13 #21.85 22.79 24.11 25.10 26.20 26.54 26.74 27.36 27.94 29.26 29.70 29.82 30.34 New Zealand 17.61 18.20 18.70 19.17 19.70 20.30 21.03 21.67 22.24 23.07 24.26 25.58 26.78 27.48 28.29 29.52 Norway NA 183.06 196.93 207.43 215.94 228.07 241.77 252.05 265.18 270.22 284.37 303.20 320.24 332.75 345.33 359.40 Philippines 35.50 37.77 40.17 41.61 44.39 49.72 52.65 55.60 61.39 65.99 69.12 73.62 77.66 80.99 84.61 87.08 Poland NA 10.33 12.04 13.50 14.81 16.00 16.59 17.07 17.52 18.11 19.17 21.12 23.12 24.09 25.04 26.17 Portugal 1098.39 1132.22 1202.46 #6.20 6.42 6.76 7.09 7.23 7.42 7.65 7.92 8.17 8.55 8.83 8.96 9.27 Singapore 16.82 18.05 19.18 18.67 20.21 21.88 21.74 22.21 22.31 22.04 21.87 23.67 26.69 25.51 26.03 28.40 Slovakia 83.79 95.49 101.79 107.19 119.47 129.95 146.96 161.13 167.84 180.64 194.78 210.61 229.07 #8.07 8.08 8.45 Spain 1960.69 2044.36 2113.50 #13.06 13.44 13.95 14.65 15.39 15.94 16.66 17.35 18.08 18.84 19.99 20.11 20.41 Sweden 182.14 191.25 200.38 205.39 214.62 226.59 238.98 250.52 255.11 264.37 269.46 287.81 292.67 313.19 313.33 318.69 Switzerland 43.91 44.16 44.94 44.53 45.51 47.45 48.41 49.48 48.98 49.97 51.26 52.23 53.25 54.89 53.31 53.53 Taiwan 195.08 202.70 212.52 219.54 228.22 242.08 236.02 239.68 242.96 254.79 261.76 268.73 273.70 256.59 263.54 274.45 United Kingdom 11.39 11.78 12.48 13.22 13.64 14.40 14.71 15.30 15.55 16.33 16.94 17.60 18.44 18.82 18.84 19.18 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 1.5 Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, national currency basis, 1996-2011 (Index, 2000 = 100) Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 90 92 94 96 100 105 110 114 117 121 122 128 131 137 139 142 Argentina 91 93 98 99 100 101 113 130 162 196 248 305 387 465 610 802 Australia 87 90 96 99 100 103 113 123 128 132 137 141 149 149 152 158 Austria 91 93 95 98 100 102 104 105 105 109 113 117 122 129 127 130 Belgium 89 91 93 95 100 102 104 109 113 116 119 122 129 132 135 139 Brazil 90 96 98 96 100 107 113 125 140 153 164 174 194 204 223 245 Canada 93 94 97 97 100 101 104 108 113 117 119 123 126 124 131 133 Czech Republic 70 78 87 92 100 109 115 121 129 133 141 152 159 166 169 177 Denmark NA 87 90 97 100 107 112 116 119 124 126 134 141 145 150 154 Estonia NA NA NA NA 100 108 119 131 141 160 189 230 261 255 257 269 Finland 90 91 91 96 100 106 111 115 121 126 130 133 138 145 144 147 France 94 96 97 98 100 103 106 109 112 113 116 120 122 125 127 131 Germany 93 94 95 94 100 103 106 109 110 111 114 115 117 119 120 124 Greece 84 87 91 95 100 95 110 114 120 115 124 135 147 153 158 147 Hungary 57 68 79 88 100 116 129 139 150 160 173 191 202 209 209 221 Ireland 78 82 87 93 100 111 117 122 128 135 142 151 161 168 169 167 Israel 70 80 89 94 100 110 112 114 115 118 120 123 131 136 139 145 Italy 93 96 96 98 100 104 109 115 121 123 126 129 132 137 140 144 Japan 95 99 100 99 100 101 100 101 101 103 104 104 105 104 103 106 Korea, Republic of 71 81 85 94 100 107 118 124 133 140 152 166 170 176 188 192 Mexico 52 62 74 86 100 114 122 129 134 138 144 152 162 173 175 181 Netherlands NA 87 92 96 100 106 110 115 116 117 120 123 128 130 131 133 New Zealand 89 92 95 97 100 103 107 110 113 117 123 130 136 140 144 150 Norway NA 85 91 96 100 106 112 117 123 125 132 140 148 154 160 166 Philippines 80 85 90 94 100 112 119 125 138 149 156 166 175 182 191 196 Poland NA 70 81 91 100 108 112 115 118 122 129 143 156 163 169 177 Portugal 85 88 93 96 100 105 110 113 116 119 123 127 133 137 139 144 Singapore 83 89 95 92 100 108 108 110 110 109 108 117 132 126 129 141 Slovakia 70 80 85 90 100 109 123 135 140 151 163 176 192 203 204 213 Spain 88 91 95 97 100 104 109 115 119 124 129 135 140 149 150 152 Sweden 85 89 93 96 100 106 111 117 119 123 126 134 136 146 146 148 Switzerland 96 97 99 98 100 104 106 109 108 110 113 115 117 121 117 118 Taiwan 85 89 93 96 100 106 103 105 106 112 115 118 120 112 115 120 United Kingdom 84 86 92 97 100 106 108 112 114 120 124 129 135 138 138 141 'NA' means data not available. Note: Compensation costs include direct pay, social insurance expenditures, and labor-related taxes. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 2.1 Indexes of hourly direct pay in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1996-2011 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Argentina 34 34 35 35 34 33 12 14 16 19 23 27 33 33 40 49 Australia 89 85 75 77 67 59 64 80 92 96 98 109 114 103 121 138 Austria 116 100 99 95 81 78 81 95 102 103 106 117 127 122 113 119 Belgium 127 110 108 104 89 86 89 109 122 121 124 133 146 137 131 138 Brazil 26 26 24 15 15 12 10 10 11 14 17 20 23 21 26 29 Canada 89 86 81 79 79 73 70 78 85 92 98 104 103 91 105 108 Czech Republic 14 13 14 13 12 13 16 18 21 23 25 30 36 32 32 36 Denmark NA 126 126 123 106 103 108 129 141 142 146 163 178 169 165 174 Estonia NA NA NA NA 10 10 11 14 16 18 21 26 31 28 27 29 Finland 108 95 94 91 79 78 82 99 112 113 116 126 136 131 124 130 France 109 95 93 88 75 71 74 88 97 96 99 109 117 109 104 110 Germany 143 123 119 112 99 95 99 118 127 126 128 140 149 138 130 138 Greece 54 49 46 46 39 34 40 48 55 51 55 63 71 67 65 62 Hungary 12 11 11 11 10 11 14 17 19 21 21 26 28 25 24 26 Ireland 82 80 78 77 69 72 76 92 103 105 109 123 136 129 122 124 Israel 54 56 55 53 55 55 48 49 50 50 51 56 65 59 63 67 Italy 79 72 71 67 57 56 59 72 82 82 85 92 99 94 91 96 Japan 113 102 93 103 105 90 83 87 91 89 84 80 90 95 99 109 Korea, Republic of 44 39 26 32 35 32 36 40 45 52 60 65 54 47 54 57 Mexico 11 13 13 14 16 17 18 16 16 17 17 18 18 15 16 17 Netherlands NA 95 97 95 84 82 86 103 112 111 114 124 135 125 119 124 New Zealand 66 64 52 51 44 40 44 55 63 67 64 75 74 65 75 83 Norway NA 121 119 118 105 103 117 132 142 148 155 176 188 169 180 198 Philippines 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 Poland NA 12 13 15 15 16 16 17 18 20 22 27 33 26 27 28 Portugal 32 28 28 28 24 23 25 29 32 33 34 37 40 38 36 39 Singapore 52 52 49 49 50 49 47 48 49 49 50 55 64 57 61 71 Slovakia 11 11 11 10 9 9 11 14 17 18 20 25 31 31 30 32 Spain 65 57 57 54 47 45 48 58 65 66 68 75 82 79 75 79 Sweden 107 95 94 89 81 72 78 93 102 101 105 116 120 105 111 123 Switzerland 170 141 141 131 115 115 122 140 146 145 146 151 166 165 165 190 Taiwan 35 34 29 31 32 30 28 27 28 29 29 29 30 25 27 30 United Kingdom 82 87 92 92 86 84 87 96 107 109 113 123 116 97 94 97 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 70 66 66 #63 59 59 66 72 74 76 81 84 77 81 86 OECD (2) NA 73 70 70 #67 63 63 71 77 79 81 87 90 82 86 91 Europe (2) NA 98 98 94 #83 80 84 99 109 109 112 122 129 119 115 121 Euro Area (2) NA 99 97 93 #81 78 82 98 108 108 110 121 130 122 116 122 Eastern Europe (2) NA 12 13 13 #12 13 15 17 19 21 23 27 32 28 28 30 East Asia ex-Japan NA 38 31 33 35 33 34 35 38 41 45 48 46 40 44 48 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages) and directly-paid benefits. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 2.2 Hourly direct pay in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 17.73 18.20 18.62 19.14 19.87 20.68 21.54 22.27 22.78 23.40 23.62 24.37 25.09 25.96 26.26 26.87 Argentina 5.95 6.13 6.51 6.67 6.78 6.91 2.48 3.02 3.73 4.55 5.48 6.64 8.29 8.45 10.55 13.14 Australia 15.77 15.47 13.98 14.72 13.37 12.10 13.82 17.86 21.02 22.47 23.10 26.51 28.52 26.63 31.75 37.04 Austria 20.53 18.17 18.37 18.13 16.06 16.06 17.37 21.16 23.34 24.20 25.10 28.41 31.87 31.69 29.73 32.09 Belgium 22.58 19.95 20.20 19.83 17.65 17.84 19.24 24.35 27.83 28.37 29.20 32.43 36.57 35.50 34.40 37.12 Brazil 4.69 4.70 4.46 2.83 2.94 2.44 2.08 2.17 2.60 3.37 4.05 4.82 5.70 5.52 6.86 7.93 Canada 15.72 15.65 15.09 15.21 15.67 15.07 15.04 17.39 19.38 21.42 23.10 25.39 25.92 23.53 27.48 29.07 Czech Republic 2.50 2.39 2.61 2.57 2.48 2.73 3.35 4.10 4.76 5.36 5.98 7.19 8.97 8.30 8.43 9.54 Denmark NA 22.95 23.40 23.55 21.03 21.36 23.28 28.75 32.20 33.17 34.39 39.83 44.63 43.84 43.31 46.70 Estonia NA NA NA NA 1.90 2.00 2.30 3.05 3.61 4.10 4.87 6.45 7.81 7.32 6.98 7.71 Finland 19.21 17.30 17.46 17.34 15.72 16.13 17.74 22.15 25.54 26.44 27.51 30.61 34.07 34.02 32.53 34.94 France 19.41 17.33 17.38 16.87 14.83 14.75 15.96 19.58 22.04 22.52 23.46 26.45 29.25 28.28 27.41 29.51 Germany 25.37 22.32 22.23 21.35 19.62 19.60 21.36 26.28 28.99 29.53 30.34 34.10 37.38 35.83 34.24 37.13 Greece 9.66 8.91 8.63 8.72 7.69 7.00 8.66 10.70 12.44 11.88 12.88 15.26 17.80 17.47 17.19 16.75 Hungary 2.06 2.04 2.09 2.12 2.06 2.36 2.96 3.70 4.43 4.84 5.02 6.33 7.14 6.39 6.39 7.01 Ireland 14.61 14.51 14.52 14.75 13.80 14.79 16.45 20.45 23.38 24.48 25.84 29.89 34.01 33.62 32.15 33.43 Israel 9.61 10.22 10.23 10.10 10.87 11.46 10.33 10.96 11.31 11.61 11.97 13.53 16.24 15.22 16.53 17.92 Italy 13.95 13.13 13.21 12.89 11.38 11.53 12.81 16.12 18.66 19.19 20.01 22.46 24.95 24.39 23.87 25.70 Japan 20.08 18.57 17.30 19.74 20.86 18.62 17.79 19.34 20.82 20.75 19.73 19.46 22.53 24.61 26.01 29.25 Korea, Republic of 7.87 7.08 4.85 6.05 7.01 6.65 7.77 8.87 10.16 12.26 14.29 15.84 13.64 12.10 14.25 15.21 Mexico 1.98 2.28 2.37 2.70 3.16 3.61 3.77 3.61 3.61 3.89 4.06 4.28 4.47 3.93 4.30 4.53 Netherlands NA 17.28 18.05 18.21 16.60 16.87 18.53 22.95 25.61 25.99 27.03 30.32 33.92 32.58 31.15 33.29 New Zealand 11.68 11.64 9.69 9.81 8.71 8.27 9.48 12.24 14.31 15.74 15.23 18.19 18.51 16.82 19.66 22.39 Norway NA 21.95 22.15 22.57 20.81 21.35 25.29 29.48 32.30 34.53 36.60 42.82 47.10 43.85 47.35 53.18 Philippines 1.22 1.16 0.89 0.96 0.91 0.89 0.93 0.94 1.00 1.09 1.23 1.46 1.60 1.55 1.72 1.84 Poland NA 2.20 2.41 2.90 2.88 3.31 3.43 3.70 4.03 4.74 5.25 6.52 8.24 6.63 7.13 7.58 Portugal 5.60 5.10 5.30 5.27 4.76 4.85 5.36 6.54 7.37 7.62 7.97 8.99 10.12 9.88 9.55 10.37 Singapore 9.28 9.50 9.11 9.38 9.90 10.23 10.19 10.70 11.20 11.36 11.76 13.37 15.95 14.72 16.02 18.96 Slovakia 1.88 1.96 2.01 1.83 1.83 1.93 2.31 3.08 3.78 4.24 4.75 6.16 7.73 8.02 7.77 8.58 Spain 11.55 10.42 10.58 10.42 9.30 9.36 10.36 13.00 14.75 15.41 16.17 18.31 20.62 20.46 19.70 21.22 Sweden 18.92 17.36 17.45 17.10 16.01 14.90 16.70 20.78 23.22 23.63 24.73 28.24 30.10 27.34 29.13 32.94 Switzerland 30.06 25.75 26.22 25.04 22.78 23.74 26.26 31.09 33.33 33.90 34.57 36.80 41.62 42.77 43.28 51.16 Taiwan 6.12 6.10 5.48 5.87 6.26 6.16 5.94 6.11 6.39 6.90 6.96 7.02 7.40 6.61 7.13 8.00 United Kingdom 14.54 15.92 17.17 17.56 17.09 17.31 18.70 21.38 24.44 25.44 26.69 30.05 29.13 25.09 24.79 26.04 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 12.67 12.37 12.64 #12.55 12.30 12.75 14.77 16.35 17.25 18.01 19.79 21.14 20.06 21.24 23.03 OECD (2) NA 13.36 13.07 13.40 #13.26 13.00 13.54 15.75 17.46 18.40 19.21 21.10 22.48 21.34 22.55 24.37 Europe (2) NA 17.88 18.20 17.91 #16.41 16.60 18.17 22.12 24.79 25.46 26.43 29.71 32.37 30.92 30.12 32.63 Euro Area (2) NA 18.02 18.14 17.74 #16.04 16.19 17.70 21.92 24.60 25.17 26.09 29.39 32.66 31.63 30.39 32.66 Eastern Europe (2) NA 2.19 2.35 2.52 #2.44 2.74 3.14 3.71 4.27 4.84 5.31 6.61 8.09 7.15 7.33 8.03 East Asia ex-Japan NA 6.89 5.68 6.35 6.98 6.87 7.27 7.88 8.62 9.68 10.64 11.67 11.45 10.30 11.64 12.95 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages) and directly-paid benefits. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 2.3 Hourly direct pay in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 17.73 18.20 18.62 19.14 19.87 20.68 21.54 22.27 22.78 23.40 23.62 24.37 25.09 25.96 26.26 26.87 Argentina 5.95 6.13 6.51 6.66 6.78 6.91 7.61 8.75 10.89 13.20 16.73 20.55 26.07 31.34 41.12 54.01 Australia 20.15 20.79 22.22 22.80 22.99 23.41 25.42 27.38 28.53 29.46 30.66 31.59 33.41 33.60 34.51 35.85 Austria 217.34 221.83 227.45 #17.02 17.40 17.94 18.37 18.69 18.76 19.44 19.98 20.72 21.64 22.74 22.42 23.03 Belgium 699.31 714.48 733.40 #18.61 19.12 19.93 20.35 21.51 22.37 22.79 23.24 23.66 24.84 25.47 25.94 26.65 Brazil 4.72 5.07 5.17 5.15 5.38 5.75 6.09 6.67 7.60 8.21 8.81 9.38 10.45 11.02 12.07 13.26 Canada 21.44 21.67 22.39 22.60 23.27 23.34 23.62 24.36 25.22 25.95 26.20 27.25 27.63 26.85 28.30 28.74 Czech Republic 67.90 75.88 84.41 89.01 95.62 103.84 109.65 115.72 122.33 128.35 135.03 145.90 153.20 158.23 161.06 168.87 Denmark NA 151.69 156.85 164.64 170.28 178.00 183.63 189.07 192.87 198.86 204.35 216.73 227.11 234.87 243.68 249.99 Estonia NA NA NA NA 32.24 34.97 38.25 42.20 45.48 51.60 60.66 73.75 83.56 82.40 82.37 #5.53 Finland 88.24 89.81 93.29 #16.28 17.03 18.02 18.77 19.57 20.53 21.24 21.90 22.32 23.13 24.41 24.53 25.08 France 99.32 101.18 102.54 #15.84 16.07 16.47 16.88 17.29 17.72 18.09 18.67 19.29 19.87 20.30 20.67 21.18 Germany 38.18 38.73 39.12 #20.04 21.26 21.89 22.59 23.21 23.31 23.72 24.15 24.87 25.38 25.71 25.82 26.66 Greece 2325.15 2433.18 2549.08 2673.77 2808.27 #7.82 9.16 9.45 10.00 9.54 10.25 11.13 12.08 12.54 12.97 12.02 Hungary 314.09 381.57 448.26 502.72 580.44 676.68 762.73 829.50 899.02 966.11 1055.16 1162.08 1228.65 1292.66 1329.15 1409.58 Ireland 9.13 9.56 10.19 #13.85 14.94 16.52 17.40 18.06 18.80 19.67 20.57 21.80 23.10 24.13 24.24 24.00 Israel 30.68 35.26 38.88 41.81 44.31 48.19 48.93 49.92 50.69 52.11 53.31 55.59 58.28 59.84 61.79 64.13 Italy 21523.83 22367.91 22952.23 #12.10 12.32 12.87 13.55 14.24 15.00 15.42 15.93 16.38 16.94 17.50 18.00 18.45 Japan 2184.54 2247.96 2266.23 2245.53 2248.55 2264.10 2227.70 2241.96 2251.38 2284.71 2295.01 2292.00 2329.57 2305.26 2282.88 2330.87 Korea, Republic of 6337.42 6750.37 6798.05 7195.16 7925.04 8585.92 9719.73 10568.26 11640.91 12548.57 13633.71 14714.47 14986.11 15428.48 16465.75 16833.62 Mexico 15.07 18.09 21.68 25.82 29.89 33.66 36.46 38.91 40.72 42.36 44.24 46.75 49.77 53.02 54.24 56.30 Netherlands NA 33.75 35.81 #17.10 17.98 18.84 19.60 20.27 20.59 20.88 21.51 22.11 23.03 23.38 23.49 23.90 New Zealand 16.98 17.57 18.07 18.54 19.08 19.68 20.41 21.02 21.54 22.33 23.46 24.70 25.88 26.46 27.25 28.27 Norway NA 155.50 167.29 176.20 183.43 192.09 201.89 208.70 217.71 222.39 234.59 250.72 265.46 275.82 286.25 297.91 Philippines 31.99 34.05 36.20 37.51 40.19 45.20 48.05 50.83 55.90 60.19 63.14 67.36 71.06 74.11 77.42 79.68 Poland NA 7.23 8.38 11.51 12.55 13.53 14.01 14.39 14.75 15.33 16.31 18.05 19.85 20.69 21.50 22.47 Portugal 864.13 895.35 955.80 #4.95 5.16 5.42 5.67 5.78 5.92 6.12 6.34 6.55 6.87 7.09 7.20 7.44 Singapore 13.08 14.12 15.24 15.91 17.08 18.35 18.24 18.65 18.93 18.90 18.68 20.15 22.56 21.40 21.83 23.82 Slovakia 57.73 65.79 70.86 75.88 84.39 93.39 104.54 113.28 121.85 131.49 141.09 152.22 165.05 #5.76 5.86 6.16 Spain 1462.87 1527.13 1580.66 #9.78 10.07 10.45 10.96 11.49 11.86 12.38 12.87 13.36 14.01 14.68 14.86 15.23 Sweden 126.93 132.73 138.76 141.45 146.89 154.13 162.36 167.89 170.66 176.56 182.29 190.76 198.23 209.26 209.86 213.74 Switzerland 37.16 37.37 38.03 37.68 38.51 40.10 40.87 41.81 41.42 42.24 43.32 44.15 45.02 46.45 45.15 45.34 Taiwan 168.24 175.43 183.99 189.64 195.84 208.31 204.99 210.14 213.31 221.71 226.34 230.48 233.38 218.36 224.44 234.93 United Kingdom 9.32 9.72 10.36 10.86 11.27 12.03 12.44 13.08 13.33 13.97 14.48 15.01 15.71 16.02 16.04 16.23 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Note: Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages) and directly-paid benefits. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 3.1 Indexes of hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1996-2011 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Argentina 32 32 33 33 32 32 11 13 15 18 22 26 31 30 38 46 Australia 88 84 74 76 66 58 64 80 91 96 97 109 113 102 120 138 Austria 93 80 79 76 65 63 65 77 83 84 86 94 102 98 91 96 Belgium 102 88 87 82 71 69 72 88 98 97 99 106 116 108 104 110 Brazil 24 23 21 13 13 10 9 9 10 13 15 18 20 19 23 26 Canada 88 85 80 78 77 72 69 77 84 91 97 103 102 90 103 108 Czech Republic 13 12 13 12 11 12 14 17 19 21 24 27 33 29 29 33 Denmark NA 122 121 117 101 99 104 124 136 136 139 156 169 161 156 165 Estonia NA NA NA NA 9 10 11 14 16 17 20 26 31 28 26 28 Finland 96 84 83 80 70 68 71 85 94 95 99 107 116 112 106 112 France 93 81 79 75 64 61 63 75 82 81 84 91 97 90 86 92 Germany 120 103 101 94 83 79 82 98 107 107 107 116 124 115 111 117 Greece 47 42 39 38 32 28 34 40 46 43 46 53 61 57 56 53 Hungary 10 10 10 9 9 10 12 14 16 18 18 22 24 21 20 22 Ireland 79 76 74 72 65 67 73 88 99 100 104 116 126 120 113 116 Israel 56 57 56 54 56 57 49 51 51 51 52 57 67 60 65 69 Italy 68 62 61 58 49 48 52 64 73 73 76 83 90 84 81 86 Japan 84 76 69 78 80 69 64 68 71 68 64 62 69 75 78 85 Korea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mexico NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Netherlands NA 80 82 80 71 69 73 87 95 93 96 104 112 103 97 102 New Zealand 66 64 52 51 43 40 44 55 63 67 64 74 73 64 74 83 Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Philippines 6 6 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 5 6 6 Poland NA 9 10 12 11 12 13 13 14 16 18 21 26 20 22 23 Portugal 27 24 24 23 20 20 21 25 28 28 29 32 35 33 31 33 Singapore 47 47 44 44 45 44 42 43 44 43 44 49 57 51 54 63 Slovakia 9 9 8 8 7 7 9 11 13 15 16 21 25 25 25 27 Spain 55 48 47 45 39 38 40 48 53 55 57 63 69 65 62 66 Sweden 103 92 90 85 77 69 74 89 97 96 100 111 115 100 106 117 Switzerland 151 125 124 115 101 101 106 123 129 127 126 131 143 143 145 168 Taiwan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA United Kingdom 76 80 84 83 78 77 81 91 103 105 108 118 111 92 90 93 'NA' means data not available. Note: Pay for time worked is wages and salaries for time actually worked. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 3.2 Hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 15.74 16.22 16.63 17.15 17.77 18.44 19.16 19.77 20.25 20.73 20.91 21.50 22.16 23.04 23.31 23.70 Argentina 5.04 5.19 5.49 5.59 5.71 5.81 2.06 2.51 3.09 3.78 4.55 5.51 6.89 7.02 8.77 10.92 Australia 13.89 13.63 12.32 12.97 11.78 10.66 12.18 15.74 18.52 19.80 20.35 23.36 25.13 23.47 27.97 32.63 Austria 14.65 12.99 13.15 13.00 11.53 11.53 12.47 15.19 16.75 17.33 17.93 20.26 22.67 22.54 21.14 22.82 Belgium 16.10 14.22 14.40 14.13 12.58 12.72 13.71 17.36 19.84 20.15 20.66 22.86 25.68 24.93 24.16 26.07 Brazil 3.71 3.72 3.52 2.24 2.32 1.93 1.65 1.71 2.05 2.67 3.20 3.81 4.51 4.36 5.42 6.27 Canada 13.78 13.71 13.23 13.33 13.73 13.21 13.18 15.24 16.98 18.77 20.25 22.25 22.71 20.62 24.09 25.48 Czech Republic 2.04 1.96 2.14 2.10 2.03 2.21 2.74 3.35 3.90 4.40 4.92 5.89 7.39 6.76 6.87 7.77 Denmark NA 19.79 20.18 20.14 18.00 18.23 19.86 24.49 27.46 28.17 29.11 33.62 37.52 37.04 36.26 39.15 Estonia NA NA NA NA 1.68 1.76 2.04 2.69 3.18 3.60 4.28 5.66 6.83 6.36 6.10 6.73 Finland 15.05 13.59 13.74 13.68 12.42 12.57 13.62 16.76 19.03 19.78 20.65 23.06 25.77 25.73 24.60 26.43 France 14.64 13.10 13.17 12.82 11.30 11.20 12.09 14.80 16.62 16.87 17.47 19.57 21.52 20.80 20.16 21.70 Germany 18.90 16.65 16.74 16.16 14.68 14.50 15.77 19.39 21.77 22.09 22.47 25.05 27.47 26.55 25.80 27.70 Greece 7.37 6.77 6.53 6.57 5.77 5.24 6.47 7.97 9.24 8.87 9.65 11.49 13.46 13.22 13.00 12.66 Hungary 1.62 1.59 1.62 1.62 1.56 1.79 2.23 2.79 3.34 3.63 3.75 4.71 5.29 4.74 4.74 5.20 Ireland 12.48 12.31 12.23 12.34 11.46 12.40 13.91 17.44 20.11 20.83 21.75 24.89 28.03 27.69 26.43 27.43 Israel 8.76 9.31 9.34 9.24 9.94 10.46 9.42 10.00 10.33 10.61 10.95 12.35 14.78 13.83 15.07 16.42 Italy 10.66 10.03 10.12 9.90 8.75 8.92 9.98 12.63 14.71 15.16 15.84 17.82 19.83 19.39 18.97 20.43 Japan 13.28 12.26 11.54 13.40 14.13 12.67 12.31 13.36 14.32 14.18 13.44 13.30 15.38 17.21 18.17 20.23 Korea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mexico NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Netherlands NA 12.94 13.56 13.72 12.54 12.73 13.96 17.26 19.23 19.38 20.00 22.28 24.74 23.77 22.72 24.29 New Zealand 10.34 10.30 8.57 8.68 7.71 7.31 8.37 10.80 12.67 13.93 13.42 15.88 16.11 14.74 17.29 19.70 Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Philippines 1.01 0.95 0.73 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.74 0.75 0.80 0.88 0.99 1.18 1.30 1.26 1.39 1.49 Poland NA 1.44 1.61 1.97 2.00 2.30 2.40 2.60 2.84 3.34 3.71 4.60 5.81 4.68 5.03 5.35 Portugal 4.31 3.89 4.00 3.94 3.53 3.64 4.07 5.04 5.75 5.90 6.14 6.88 7.69 7.51 7.26 7.88 Singapore 7.36 7.56 7.34 7.50 7.91 8.17 8.13 8.53 8.91 9.01 9.26 10.45 12.54 11.65 12.68 15.00 Slovakia 1.36 1.41 1.41 1.30 1.28 1.35 1.66 2.25 2.73 3.06 3.43 4.44 5.60 5.85 5.78 6.38 Spain 8.65 7.79 7.90 7.76 6.92 6.93 7.65 9.56 10.81 11.31 11.89 13.48 15.21 15.09 14.53 15.65 Sweden 16.24 14.88 14.93 14.60 13.66 12.68 14.17 17.59 19.62 19.96 20.88 23.85 25.42 23.09 24.59 27.82 Switzerland 23.71 20.31 20.68 19.75 17.97 18.58 20.39 24.26 26.15 26.26 26.43 28.09 31.73 32.99 33.77 39.92 Taiwan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA United Kingdom 11.89 12.97 13.95 14.21 13.78 14.17 15.53 18.03 20.91 21.69 22.68 25.46 24.59 21.19 20.93 21.98 'NA' means data not available. Note: Pay for time worked is wages and salaries for time actually worked. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 3.3 Hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 15.74 16.22 16.63 17.15 17.77 18.44 19.16 19.77 20.25 20.73 20.91 21.50 22.16 23.04 23.31 23.70 Argentina 5.04 5.18 5.49 5.58 5.70 5.81 6.32 7.27 9.05 10.97 13.90 17.07 21.65 26.03 34.15 44.86 Australia 17.75 18.32 19.58 20.09 20.25 20.62 22.39 24.12 25.14 25.96 27.01 27.84 29.43 29.60 30.40 31.58 Austria 155.12 158.55 162.81 #12.20 12.49 12.88 13.19 13.41 13.47 13.92 14.27 14.77 15.39 16.17 15.95 16.38 Belgium 498.46 509.28 522.76 #13.27 13.63 14.20 14.50 15.33 15.95 16.19 16.45 16.67 17.44 17.89 18.22 18.71 Brazil 3.73 4.01 4.09 4.07 4.25 4.55 4.81 5.27 6.01 6.49 6.96 7.42 8.26 8.72 9.54 10.48 Canada 18.79 18.99 19.63 19.81 20.40 20.46 20.70 21.35 22.11 22.75 22.96 23.89 24.21 23.54 24.81 25.19 Czech Republic 55.47 61.99 68.95 72.71 78.52 83.91 89.58 94.49 100.16 105.36 111.11 119.63 126.16 128.91 131.21 137.58 Denmark NA 130.81 135.27 140.77 145.72 151.93 156.60 161.09 164.46 168.90 172.98 182.96 190.90 198.42 204.03 209.61 Estonia NA NA NA NA 28.50 30.71 33.84 37.26 40.02 45.33 53.39 64.75 73.09 71.62 71.98 #4.83 Finland 69.15 70.53 73.42 #12.84 13.46 14.04 14.41 14.80 15.30 15.89 16.44 16.82 17.50 18.46 18.55 18.97 France 74.90 76.48 77.71 #12.03 12.24 12.51 12.79 13.07 13.36 13.55 13.91 14.28 14.61 14.93 15.20 15.58 Germany 28.44 28.88 29.46 #15.17 15.90 16.20 16.68 17.13 17.50 17.74 17.88 18.27 18.65 19.05 19.45 19.88 Greece 1773.80 1848.82 1929.14 2015.37 2108.21 #5.85 6.84 7.04 7.43 7.12 7.69 8.38 9.14 9.48 9.81 9.09 Hungary 247.47 297.77 346.46 384.78 439.92 512.05 576.24 625.69 677.06 724.82 788.62 865.21 911.25 958.73 985.79 1045.45 Ireland 7.80 8.11 8.58 #11.59 12.42 13.85 14.71 15.40 16.17 16.73 17.31 18.15 19.04 19.87 19.93 19.69 Israel 27.97 32.13 35.49 38.27 40.53 44.01 44.61 45.56 46.30 47.60 48.78 50.73 53.02 54.39 56.36 58.75 Italy 16450.58 17095.70 17580.79 #9.29 9.48 9.97 10.55 11.16 11.82 12.18 12.61 12.99 13.47 13.91 14.31 14.66 Japan 1445.03 1484.39 1511.79 1524.50 1523.66 1539.74 1541.29 1548.85 1548.51 1561.06 1563.30 1566.68 1590.27 1612.61 1594.70 1612.12 Korea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mexico NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Netherlands NA 25.27 26.90 #12.88 13.59 14.22 14.77 15.24 15.46 15.56 15.92 16.25 16.80 17.06 17.13 17.43 New Zealand 15.04 15.55 15.99 16.41 16.87 17.40 18.03 18.56 19.08 19.76 20.67 21.56 22.53 23.18 23.97 24.87 Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Philippines 26.29 27.98 29.75 30.62 32.58 36.39 38.43 40.76 44.95 48.53 51.04 54.60 57.59 60.06 62.75 64.58 Poland NA 4.72 5.59 7.83 8.71 9.43 9.80 10.11 10.40 10.81 11.50 12.73 14.01 14.60 15.17 15.85 Portugal 665.56 682.87 721.81 #3.70 3.82 4.06 4.31 4.45 4.62 4.74 4.88 5.01 5.22 5.39 5.47 5.66 Singapore 10.38 11.23 12.27 12.71 13.65 14.65 14.55 14.87 15.06 15.00 14.71 15.75 17.74 16.94 17.28 18.85 Slovakia 41.69 47.51 49.65 53.78 58.98 65.11 75.31 82.73 87.99 94.82 101.81 109.61 119.58 #4.20 4.36 4.58 Spain 1096.16 1142.16 1179.98 #7.29 7.49 7.74 8.09 8.45 8.69 9.09 9.46 9.83 10.33 10.83 10.96 11.23 Sweden 108.92 113.72 118.70 120.82 125.27 131.13 137.79 142.14 144.14 149.12 153.95 161.09 167.39 176.70 177.21 180.48 Switzerland 29.31 29.47 30.00 29.72 30.38 31.38 31.74 32.63 32.50 32.71 33.12 33.70 34.32 35.82 35.23 35.38 Taiwan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA United Kingdom 7.62 7.92 8.41 8.79 9.09 9.84 10.34 11.03 11.41 11.92 12.31 12.72 13.26 13.53 13.55 13.70 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Note: Pay for time worked is wages and salaries for time actually worked. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 4.1 Indexes of hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1996-2011 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Argentina 46 48 51 54 51 49 18 20 25 29 34 39 48 49 61 70 Australia 94 93 84 88 76 64 69 85 99 100 102 110 116 108 128 139 Austria 295 262 262 258 216 202 206 238 261 257 265 284 314 313 291 292 Belgium 326 290 291 286 242 228 232 279 317 308 316 334 372 361 348 348 Brazil 49 50 47 30 29 23 18 18 22 26 31 35 41 40 49 52 Canada 98 98 94 94 92 83 78 86 95 99 106 109 109 99 115 113 Czech Republic 23 22 24 24 21 23 26 30 34 36 39 45 54 53 53 56 Denmark NA 160 162 171 145 140 144 170 188 187 195 216 243 233 239 238 Estonia NA NA NA NA 11 11 11 14 17 19 22 27 33 33 30 31 Finland 209 188 187 184 157 159 173 215 258 249 253 263 283 283 269 268 France 240 214 211 203 169 158 162 191 215 211 221 240 264 256 246 246 Germany 325 287 276 260 236 227 235 275 286 278 291 316 338 317 286 297 Greece 115 108 105 108 91 78 92 109 127 113 119 131 148 146 142 129 Hungary 22 23 24 25 24 26 30 36 43 45 47 56 63 56 56 57 Ireland 107 111 115 121 111 107 107 120 129 137 151 174 204 203 194 189 Israel 43 46 45 43 44 44 38 38 39 38 38 41 50 47 49 47 Italy 165 156 155 150 125 116 119 139 157 151 154 162 175 171 166 166 Japan 342 319 289 318 321 266 230 239 258 246 233 215 244 253 266 284 Korea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mexico NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Netherlands NA 219 226 225 194 185 192 227 253 248 260 280 313 301 286 284 New Zealand 67 67 56 57 48 43 46 57 65 68 67 81 82 71 80 85 Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Philippines 11 10 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 Poland NA 39 40 46 42 45 43 44 47 52 57 67 83 67 71 70 Portugal 65 61 65 67 59 54 54 60 64 64 68 74 83 81 78 78 Singapore 96 98 89 95 95 92 86 87 91 88 92 102 116 105 113 125 Slovakia 26 27 30 27 26 26 27 33 42 44 49 60 73 74 68 69 Spain 146 133 135 133 114 108 114 137 156 154 158 168 185 184 175 175 Sweden 135 126 127 125 112 99 106 127 143 137 142 153 160 145 154 161 Switzerland 319 275 278 265 230 230 246 272 284 286 301 304 338 335 323 354 Taiwan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA United Kingdom 133 149 162 168 158 140 133 134 140 140 148 160 155 134 131 128 'NA' means data not available. Note: Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 4.2 Hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 1.99 1.98 1.99 1.99 2.10 2.24 2.38 2.51 2.52 2.67 2.71 2.87 2.93 2.92 2.95 3.17 Argentina 0.92 0.94 1.02 1.08 1.08 1.10 0.42 0.51 0.63 0.77 0.93 1.12 1.40 1.43 1.79 2.23 Australia 1.88 1.84 1.66 1.75 1.59 1.44 1.64 2.12 2.50 2.67 2.75 3.15 3.39 3.17 3.78 4.41 Austria 5.88 5.18 5.22 5.13 4.53 4.53 4.90 5.97 6.59 6.87 7.17 8.16 9.20 9.15 8.58 9.26 Belgium 6.49 5.73 5.80 5.70 5.07 5.12 5.52 6.99 7.99 8.22 8.54 9.57 10.89 10.57 10.24 11.05 Brazil 0.98 0.98 0.93 0.59 0.62 0.51 0.44 0.45 0.54 0.71 0.85 1.01 1.19 1.16 1.44 1.66 Canada 1.94 1.93 1.87 1.88 1.94 1.86 1.86 2.15 2.39 2.65 2.86 3.14 3.20 2.91 3.40 3.59 Czech Republic 0.46 0.44 0.48 0.47 0.44 0.52 0.61 0.75 0.86 0.96 1.06 1.29 1.58 1.54 1.56 1.77 Denmark NA 3.16 3.22 3.42 3.03 3.13 3.43 4.25 4.74 5.00 5.28 6.21 7.11 6.80 7.05 7.54 Estonia NA NA NA NA 0.22 0.24 0.27 0.36 0.43 0.50 0.58 0.79 0.98 0.96 0.88 0.98 Finland 4.16 3.71 3.72 3.66 3.29 3.56 4.12 5.39 6.51 6.66 6.86 7.54 8.30 8.29 7.93 8.51 France 4.77 4.23 4.21 4.05 3.54 3.54 3.87 4.78 5.43 5.65 5.99 6.87 7.74 7.48 7.25 7.80 Germany 6.47 5.67 5.49 5.19 4.94 5.09 5.59 6.89 7.22 7.43 7.88 9.06 9.91 9.28 8.44 9.44 Greece 2.29 2.14 2.10 2.15 1.92 1.76 2.19 2.73 3.20 3.01 3.22 3.77 4.34 4.26 4.19 4.08 Hungary 0.44 0.45 0.47 0.50 0.50 0.57 0.72 0.91 1.09 1.21 1.27 1.62 1.84 1.65 1.65 1.81 Ireland 2.13 2.20 2.29 2.41 2.33 2.39 2.54 3.01 3.27 3.65 4.09 5.00 5.98 5.93 5.72 6.00 Israel 0.85 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.93 0.99 0.91 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.02 1.18 1.46 1.39 1.45 1.50 Italy 3.29 3.09 3.09 3.00 2.62 2.60 2.83 3.49 3.96 4.04 4.17 4.64 5.12 5.00 4.89 5.27 Japan 6.80 6.31 5.76 6.34 6.72 5.96 5.48 5.98 6.50 6.57 6.29 6.16 7.15 7.39 7.84 9.02 Korea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mexico NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Netherlands NA 4.34 4.49 4.49 4.06 4.14 4.57 5.69 6.38 6.62 7.02 8.04 9.17 8.81 8.42 9.01 New Zealand 1.34 1.34 1.11 1.13 1.01 0.96 1.11 1.43 1.63 1.81 1.81 2.32 2.40 2.08 2.37 2.69 Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Philippines 0.22 0.21 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.24 0.28 0.30 0.29 0.33 0.35 Poland NA 0.76 0.80 0.93 0.88 1.00 1.03 1.10 1.19 1.40 1.55 1.92 2.43 1.95 2.10 2.23 Portugal 1.29 1.21 1.30 1.33 1.24 1.21 1.29 1.51 1.62 1.71 1.83 2.11 2.43 2.37 2.29 2.49 Singapore 1.92 1.94 1.78 1.89 1.99 2.06 2.06 2.17 2.29 2.34 2.50 2.92 3.41 3.07 3.34 3.95 Slovakia 0.52 0.54 0.60 0.53 0.55 0.58 0.64 0.83 1.05 1.18 1.32 1.73 2.13 2.17 1.99 2.20 Spain 2.89 2.63 2.68 2.66 2.38 2.42 2.71 3.44 3.94 4.10 4.28 4.83 5.41 5.37 5.17 5.57 Sweden 2.68 2.49 2.52 2.49 2.36 2.22 2.53 3.19 3.61 3.67 3.84 4.39 4.68 4.25 4.53 5.13 Switzerland 6.35 5.44 5.54 5.29 4.81 5.16 5.87 6.82 7.18 7.64 8.14 8.71 9.90 9.78 9.51 11.24 Taiwan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA United Kingdom 2.65 2.95 3.23 3.35 3.31 3.14 3.17 3.36 3.53 3.74 4.00 4.59 4.53 3.91 3.86 4.05 'NA' means data not available. Note: Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 4.3 Hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 1.99 1.98 1.99 1.99 2.10 2.24 2.38 2.51 2.52 2.67 2.71 2.87 2.93 2.92 2.95 3.17 Argentina 0.92 0.94 1.02 1.08 1.08 1.10 1.29 1.48 1.84 2.24 2.83 3.48 4.42 5.31 6.97 9.15 Australia 2.40 2.47 2.64 2.71 2.73 2.78 3.02 3.26 3.39 3.50 3.65 3.76 3.97 4.00 4.10 4.26 Austria 62.22 63.28 64.64 #4.82 4.91 5.06 5.19 5.28 5.30 5.52 5.70 5.95 6.25 6.57 6.47 6.65 Belgium 200.84 205.20 210.63 #5.35 5.49 5.72 5.84 6.18 6.42 6.61 6.80 6.98 7.39 7.58 7.72 7.93 Brazil 0.99 1.06 1.08 1.08 1.13 1.20 1.28 1.40 1.59 1.72 1.84 1.97 2.19 2.31 2.53 2.78 Canada 2.65 2.68 2.77 2.79 2.88 2.89 2.92 3.01 3.12 3.21 3.24 3.37 3.41 3.32 3.50 3.55 Czech Republic 12.43 13.90 15.46 16.30 17.09 19.92 20.08 21.23 22.17 22.98 23.92 26.27 27.04 29.32 29.84 31.29 Denmark NA 20.88 21.59 23.87 24.57 26.07 27.03 27.98 28.40 29.96 31.37 33.77 36.20 36.45 39.65 40.38 Estonia NA NA NA NA 3.74 4.26 4.41 4.95 5.46 6.26 7.27 9.00 10.47 10.78 10.39 #0.70 Finland 19.10 19.28 19.87 #3.44 3.57 3.98 4.36 4.76 5.23 5.35 5.46 5.50 5.64 5.95 5.98 6.11 France 24.43 24.69 24.83 #3.81 3.83 3.96 4.09 4.22 4.36 4.54 4.77 5.01 5.25 5.37 5.47 5.60 Germany 9.73 9.84 9.66 #4.87 5.35 5.69 5.91 6.09 5.81 5.97 6.27 6.61 6.73 6.66 6.37 6.78 Greece 551.34 584.36 619.95 658.40 700.06 #1.96 2.32 2.41 2.57 2.42 2.57 2.75 2.94 3.06 3.16 2.93 Hungary 66.62 83.80 101.80 117.94 140.52 164.63 186.48 203.80 221.97 241.29 266.55 296.88 317.39 333.93 343.36 364.14 Ireland 1.33 1.45 1.60 #2.26 2.53 2.67 2.69 2.66 2.63 2.93 3.25 3.64 4.06 4.25 4.31 4.31 Israel 2.71 3.13 3.38 3.54 3.78 4.18 4.32 4.36 4.39 4.52 4.54 4.86 5.25 5.45 5.43 5.37 Italy 5073.26 5272.21 5371.44 #2.81 2.84 2.91 3.00 3.09 3.18 3.24 3.32 3.39 3.47 3.59 3.69 3.78 Japan 739.51 763.56 754.44 721.03 724.89 724.36 686.41 693.11 702.88 723.65 731.71 725.32 739.30 692.65 688.19 718.75 Korea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mexico NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Netherlands NA 8.47 8.91 #4.22 4.40 4.63 4.84 5.03 5.13 5.32 5.59 5.86 6.23 6.32 6.35 6.46 New Zealand 1.94 2.02 2.08 2.14 2.20 2.28 2.38 2.46 2.46 2.56 2.79 3.15 3.35 3.28 3.28 3.40 Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Philippines 5.70 6.07 6.46 6.90 7.61 8.81 9.62 10.07 10.95 11.66 12.10 12.77 13.46 14.04 14.67 15.10 Poland NA 2.51 2.79 3.68 3.84 4.10 4.21 4.28 4.35 4.52 4.81 5.32 5.85 6.09 6.33 6.62 Portugal 198.57 212.48 233.99 #1.25 1.34 1.36 1.36 1.33 1.30 1.38 1.46 1.54 1.65 1.70 1.73 1.78 Singapore 2.70 2.89 2.97 3.20 3.44 3.70 3.69 3.79 3.87 3.90 3.97 4.40 4.82 4.47 4.55 4.97 Slovakia 16.03 18.27 21.21 22.09 25.41 28.28 29.23 30.54 33.86 36.67 39.28 42.61 45.47 #1.56 1.50 1.58 Spain 366.71 384.96 400.68 #2.49 2.58 2.71 2.87 3.04 3.17 3.29 3.41 3.52 3.68 3.85 3.90 4.00 Sweden 18.00 19.01 20.06 20.63 21.62 23.01 24.57 25.74 26.51 27.44 28.34 29.67 30.84 32.56 32.65 33.25 Switzerland 7.85 7.89 8.04 7.96 8.14 8.72 9.14 9.18 8.92 9.52 10.20 10.45 10.70 10.62 9.92 9.96 Taiwan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA United Kingdom 1.70 1.80 1.95 2.07 2.18 2.18 2.11 2.05 1.92 2.06 2.17 2.29 2.45 2.49 2.50 2.53 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Note: Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 5.1 Indexes of hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1996-2011 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Argentina 31 29 31 29 27 24 9 10 12 14 17 18 23 22 26 32 Australia 72 71 65 70 61 53 62 76 88 90 88 89 96 82 93 107 Austria 160 139 140 138 116 102 103 115 120 121 124 126 143 133 120 128 Belgium 214 185 187 183 167 143 146 170 186 187 194 195 225 204 191 204 Brazil 51 49 47 28 28 21 17 17 19 24 28 30 36 32 38 43 Canada 61 59 54 54 52 49 52 59 66 72 80 76 80 74 83 87 Czech Republic 19 18 19 19 18 18 22 25 28 29 32 34 42 38 37 42 Denmark NA 16 16 28 23 30 37 47 53 58 56 60 66 58 54 57 Estonia NA NA NA NA 13 12 14 17 19 21 25 30 36 30 29 31 Finland 122 104 89 97 81 78 84 95 106 107 112 111 127 115 100 106 France 177 155 156 152 128 118 123 141 155 151 151 149 163 147 137 146 Germany 166 141 137 128 114 103 108 123 134 126 132 122 132 121 112 118 Greece 62 56 53 53 44 37 43 48 53 50 54 58 70 64 60 58 Hungary 22 21 20 20 18 18 21 24 27 28 27 30 34 27 23 25 Ireland 48 45 44 44 39 40 42 51 58 62 67 72 85 78 72 74 Israel 40 42 43 40 41 41 37 35 34 33 32 29 39 36 36 40 Italy 149 137 123 120 103 96 100 116 129 126 124 121 132 121 114 121 Japan 76 71 68 79 82 69 63 65 68 67 63 55 64 66 67 75 Korea, Republic of 35 44 36 52 51 42 42 39 38 38 45 47 42 36 41 43 Mexico 22 24 25 27 30 33 31 27 25 26 27 25 26 22 22 23 Netherlands NA 106 107 104 87 85 89 107 113 108 107 104 119 107 98 104 New Zealand 9 9 7 7 6 5 5 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 11 Norway NA 80 81 82 72 72 86 97 108 110 113 116 126 110 114 127 Philippines 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Poland NA 20 22 10 10 11 11 11 12 13 13 14 18 13 14 14 Portugal 32 28 28 27 23 22 23 26 29 28 29 29 32 29 27 29 Singapore 56 55 48 33 36 36 34 32 31 28 29 30 38 34 36 42 Slovakia 18 18 18 16 15 14 16 21 22 24 26 31 39 39 34 37 Spain 83 73 73 72 61 56 60 70 78 79 82 84 93 90 81 83 Sweden 174 158 159 158 145 126 135 163 176 174 172 186 187 165 168 187 Switzerland 115 97 98 93 81 78 83 91 93 92 92 87 99 94 91 107 Taiwan 21 20 17 19 20 18 15 14 14 15 16 15 17 14 15 16 United Kingdom 68 70 72 78 70 62 59 58 62 64 66 67 66 53 51 55 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 67 64 #65 61 57 57 62 66 67 70 68 73 67 68 72 OECD (2) NA 70 68 #69 65 60 61 66 71 72 75 72 78 71 72 77 Europe (2) NA 113 112 #109 95 87 91 103 112 110 112 110 121 109 102 109 Euro Area (2) NA 128 125 #120 105 96 100 116 126 123 126 123 137 124 116 122 Eastern Europe (2) NA 19 20 #16 15 15 17 19 21 22 23 25 31 26 25 27 East Asia ex-Japan NA 36 31 35 35 31 30 27 26 27 30 31 31 27 29 32 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Employer social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 5.2 Hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 4.74 4.85 4.87 4.88 5.10 5.54 5.82 6.29 6.53 6.74 6.86 7.71 7.69 8.23 8.55 8.65 Argentina 1.48 1.42 1.49 1.41 1.38 1.35 0.52 0.64 0.79 0.96 1.16 1.40 1.75 1.78 2.23 2.77 Australia 3.40 3.46 3.17 3.42 3.08 2.92 3.61 4.79 5.74 6.08 6.07 6.86 7.39 6.78 7.93 9.25 Austria 7.59 6.73 6.82 6.72 5.91 5.64 6.02 7.22 7.84 8.17 8.54 9.71 10.99 10.93 10.26 11.07 Belgium 10.13 8.97 9.10 8.91 8.49 7.94 8.52 10.67 12.13 12.63 13.29 15.03 17.31 16.77 16.32 17.64 Brazil 2.41 2.37 2.29 1.38 1.41 1.19 1.00 1.06 1.22 1.64 1.94 2.28 2.74 2.61 3.22 3.72 Canada 2.91 2.84 2.63 2.63 2.66 2.73 3.01 3.69 4.29 4.84 5.48 5.88 6.14 6.06 7.11 7.49 Czech Republic 0.88 0.85 0.93 0.92 0.92 1.02 1.26 1.55 1.81 1.94 2.18 2.63 3.25 3.12 3.17 3.59 Denmark NA 0.75 0.77 1.39 1.17 1.64 2.17 2.96 3.47 3.88 3.84 4.60 5.07 4.76 4.62 4.97 Estonia NA NA NA NA 0.65 0.67 0.80 1.06 1.25 1.42 1.72 2.28 2.75 2.51 2.44 2.69 Finland 5.80 5.06 4.35 4.74 4.15 4.30 4.88 5.97 6.93 7.20 7.72 8.56 9.78 9.45 8.57 9.20 France 8.40 7.53 7.59 7.40 6.54 6.56 7.17 8.88 10.10 10.14 10.39 11.51 12.50 12.09 11.71 12.61 Germany 7.85 6.84 6.69 6.22 5.79 5.72 6.27 7.72 8.73 8.51 9.03 9.39 10.16 9.94 9.59 10.24 Greece 2.95 2.70 2.59 2.59 2.26 2.03 2.47 3.01 3.45 3.37 3.72 4.50 5.35 5.25 5.16 5.03 Hungary 1.06 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.90 1.01 1.23 1.49 1.74 1.87 1.84 2.33 2.63 2.23 2.00 2.16 Ireland 2.26 2.18 2.14 2.14 1.96 2.22 2.43 3.19 3.79 4.16 4.58 5.51 6.52 6.44 6.15 6.39 Israel 1.91 2.06 2.10 1.93 2.08 2.29 2.13 2.22 2.22 2.26 2.20 2.26 3.01 2.98 3.06 3.49 Italy 7.05 6.63 5.99 5.84 5.26 5.31 5.80 7.30 8.45 8.52 8.51 9.35 10.16 9.93 9.72 10.47 Japan 3.58 3.42 3.29 3.85 4.16 3.81 3.69 4.08 4.45 4.50 4.30 4.26 4.94 5.42 5.75 6.46 Korea, Republic of 1.67 2.14 1.76 2.54 2.61 2.35 2.47 2.46 2.47 2.57 3.08 3.60 3.21 2.95 3.48 3.70 Mexico 1.06 1.19 1.21 1.32 1.54 1.81 1.82 1.70 1.65 1.72 1.82 1.89 2.01 1.77 1.84 1.95 Netherlands NA 5.16 5.20 5.06 4.44 4.72 5.20 6.71 7.40 7.30 7.34 7.99 9.17 8.81 8.39 8.97 New Zealand 0.44 0.42 0.34 0.33 0.28 0.26 0.29 0.38 0.47 0.53 0.52 0.65 0.64 0.65 0.76 0.99 Norway NA 3.89 3.93 4.00 3.69 4.00 4.99 6.12 7.04 7.43 7.77 8.96 9.72 9.05 9.77 10.98 Philippines 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.17 Poland NA 0.95 1.05 0.50 0.52 0.60 0.63 0.69 0.76 0.86 0.92 1.11 1.35 1.09 1.17 1.25 Portugal 1.52 1.35 1.37 1.33 1.17 1.20 1.34 1.64 1.86 1.91 1.98 2.22 2.48 2.42 2.34 2.54 Singapore 2.65 2.65 2.36 1.63 1.81 1.97 1.95 2.04 2.00 1.89 2.00 2.34 2.92 2.82 3.08 3.64 Slovakia 0.85 0.88 0.88 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.94 1.30 1.43 1.58 1.81 2.36 3.00 3.22 2.94 3.19 Spain 3.93 3.53 3.57 3.50 3.11 3.13 3.49 4.42 5.07 5.32 5.63 6.48 7.12 7.40 6.96 7.22 Sweden 8.23 7.66 7.75 7.73 7.38 7.01 7.88 10.23 11.49 11.75 11.82 14.37 14.34 13.58 14.36 16.18 Switzerland 5.46 4.68 4.76 4.55 4.14 4.35 4.84 5.71 6.09 6.20 6.34 6.73 7.61 7.77 7.82 9.25 Taiwan 0.98 0.95 0.85 0.93 1.04 1.00 0.90 0.86 0.89 1.03 1.09 1.16 1.28 1.16 1.24 1.35 United Kingdom 3.24 3.38 3.51 3.83 3.58 3.42 3.41 3.63 4.07 4.28 4.55 5.18 5.08 4.37 4.32 4.73 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 3.24 3.13 3.17 #3.12 3.13 3.32 3.88 4.33 4.53 4.80 5.21 5.63 5.49 5.77 6.24 OECD (2) NA 3.40 3.30 3.38 #3.32 3.33 3.56 4.18 4.66 4.87 5.16 5.58 6.02 5.87 6.16 6.63 Europe (2) NA 5.48 5.44 5.31 #4.86 4.85 5.27 6.48 7.32 7.41 7.72 8.51 9.31 8.98 8.75 9.46 Euro Area (2) NA 6.20 6.10 5.87 #5.35 5.34 5.83 7.28 8.26 8.30 8.65 9.46 10.50 10.24 9.87 10.57 Eastern Europe (2) NA 0.93 0.99 0.76 #0.74 0.82 0.97 1.17 1.34 1.47 1.58 1.96 2.36 2.14 2.10 2.31 East Asia ex-Japan NA 1.75 1.51 1.69 1.79 1.71 1.72 1.73 1.73 1.79 2.05 2.36 2.36 2.20 2.50 2.74 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Employer social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 5.3 Hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, national currency, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 4.74 4.85 4.87 4.88 5.10 5.54 5.82 6.29 6.53 6.74 6.86 7.71 7.69 8.23 8.55 8.65 Argentina 1.48 1.42 1.49 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.60 1.85 2.30 2.78 3.53 4.34 5.50 6.61 8.67 11.39 Australia 4.35 4.66 5.04 5.30 5.30 5.65 6.63 7.35 7.79 7.97 8.06 8.18 8.65 8.55 8.62 8.95 Austria 80.41 82.18 84.48 #6.31 6.40 6.30 6.36 6.38 6.30 6.56 6.79 7.08 7.47 7.85 7.73 7.95 Belgium 313.68 321.04 330.48 #8.37 9.20 8.87 9.01 9.42 9.75 10.15 10.58 10.96 11.75 12.04 12.31 12.67 Brazil 2.42 2.55 2.66 2.51 2.58 2.79 2.92 3.26 3.58 4.00 4.21 4.45 5.02 5.22 5.67 6.22 Canada 3.96 3.94 3.90 3.91 3.96 4.23 4.73 5.17 5.59 5.86 6.21 6.31 6.55 6.92 7.33 7.40 Czech Republic 23.93 26.98 30.05 31.85 35.54 38.67 41.23 43.62 46.56 46.59 49.30 53.28 55.55 59.55 60.61 63.56 Denmark NA 4.98 5.15 9.71 9.48 13.68 17.07 19.46 20.80 23.26 22.82 25.04 25.79 25.49 26.01 26.62 Estonia NA NA NA NA 11.08 11.78 13.36 14.69 15.73 17.91 21.41 26.02 29.36 28.24 28.82 #1.93 Finland 26.64 26.26 23.23 #4.45 4.49 4.80 5.16 5.27 5.57 5.78 6.14 6.24 6.64 6.78 6.46 6.60 France 43.00 43.99 44.79 #6.95 7.08 7.33 7.59 7.85 8.12 8.15 8.27 8.39 8.49 8.67 8.83 9.05 Germany 11.82 11.86 11.77 #5.84 6.27 6.39 6.64 6.82 7.01 6.83 7.19 6.85 6.90 7.13 7.23 7.35 Greece 710.67 736.45 763.95 793.37 824.93 #2.26 2.62 2.66 2.78 2.70 2.96 3.28 3.63 3.77 3.89 3.61 Hungary 161.24 188.69 213.22 229.65 254.22 288.51 316.33 334.39 351.97 373.12 386.64 428.70 453.37 452.00 416.14 433.53 Ireland 1.41 1.43 1.50 #2.00 2.13 2.48 2.57 2.82 3.05 3.34 3.64 4.02 4.43 4.62 4.64 4.59 Israel 6.09 7.09 8.00 7.99 8.47 9.62 10.08 10.10 9.96 10.13 9.79 9.29 10.80 11.71 11.45 12.50 Italy 10871.67 11298.01 10397.87 #5.48 5.70 5.93 6.13 6.45 6.79 6.84 6.77 6.82 6.90 7.13 7.33 7.51 Japan 389.77 414.00 430.40 437.36 448.86 462.95 462.49 472.49 481.56 495.89 499.95 501.10 511.16 507.66 504.54 515.15 Korea, Republic of 1344.62 2036.02 2471.43 3026.00 2954.64 3036.52 3092.04 2933.02 2827.63 2634.26 2939.51 3340.04 3522.94 3764.06 4026.71 4099.98 Mexico 8.07 9.40 11.03 12.58 14.52 16.87 17.56 18.38 18.62 18.79 19.85 20.68 22.36 23.91 23.28 24.27 Netherlands NA 10.08 10.32 #4.75 4.81 5.27 5.50 5.93 5.95 5.86 5.84 5.83 6.23 6.32 6.33 6.44 New Zealand 0.63 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.88 0.89 1.03 1.05 1.25 Norway NA 27.56 29.65 31.23 32.51 35.98 39.87 43.35 47.46 47.83 49.78 52.47 54.79 56.93 59.08 61.49 Philippines 3.50 3.73 3.96 4.09 4.20 4.52 4.59 4.77 5.49 5.80 5.98 6.26 6.60 6.88 7.19 7.40 Poland NA 3.11 3.66 1.99 2.27 2.47 2.58 2.67 2.77 2.79 2.87 3.07 3.26 3.40 3.54 3.69 Portugal 234.26 236.88 246.66 #1.25 1.27 1.34 1.41 1.45 1.50 1.54 1.58 1.62 1.68 1.74 1.76 1.82 Singapore 3.74 3.93 3.94 2.76 3.12 3.53 3.49 3.56 3.38 3.14 3.18 3.52 4.13 4.11 4.19 4.58 Slovakia 26.07 29.70 30.93 31.31 35.08 36.56 42.42 47.86 45.99 49.15 53.69 58.38 64.02 #2.31 2.22 2.29 Spain 497.82 517.24 532.84 #3.28 3.36 3.50 3.69 3.90 4.08 4.28 4.48 4.73 4.84 5.31 5.25 5.18 Sweden 55.21 58.52 61.62 63.94 67.74 72.46 76.62 82.63 84.45 87.80 87.17 97.05 94.44 103.93 103.46 104.95 Switzerland 6.75 6.79 6.91 6.85 7.00 7.34 7.54 7.67 7.56 7.73 7.94 8.08 8.23 8.44 8.16 8.19 Taiwan 26.84 27.27 28.53 29.90 32.38 33.77 31.04 29.54 29.65 33.09 35.43 38.25 40.33 38.23 39.09 39.52 United Kingdom 2.08 2.07 2.12 2.37 2.36 2.37 2.27 2.22 2.22 2.35 2.47 2.59 2.74 2.79 2.80 2.95 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Note: Employer social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 6.1 Hourly direct pay as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 78.9 79.0 79.3 79.7 79.6 78.9 78.7 78.0 77.7 77.6 77.5 76.0 76.5 75.9 75.4 75.6 Argentina 80.1 81.2 81.3 82.5 83.1 83.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 82.6 Australia 82.3 81.7 81.5 81.1 81.3 80.5 79.3 78.8 78.5 78.7 79.2 79.4 79.4 79.7 80.0 80.0 Austria 73.0 73.0 72.9 72.9 73.1 74.0 74.3 74.6 74.9 74.8 74.6 74.5 74.4 74.3 74.3 74.3 Belgium 69.0 69.0 68.9 69.0 67.5 69.2 69.3 69.5 69.6 69.2 68.7 68.3 67.9 67.9 67.8 67.8 Brazil 66.1 66.5 66.0 67.3 67.5 67.3 67.6 67.1 68.0 67.2 67.6 67.9 67.5 67.9 68.1 68.1 Canada 84.4 84.6 85.2 85.2 85.5 84.7 83.3 82.5 81.9 81.6 80.8 81.2 80.8 79.5 79.4 79.5 Czech Republic 73.9 73.8 73.7 73.6 72.9 72.9 72.7 72.6 72.4 73.4 73.3 73.3 73.4 72.7 72.7 72.7 Denmark NA 96.8 96.8 94.4 94.7 92.9 91.5 90.7 90.3 89.5 90.0 89.6 89.8 90.2 90.4 90.4 Estonia NA NA NA NA 74.4 74.8 74.1 74.2 74.3 74.2 73.9 73.9 74.0 74.5 74.1 74.2 Finland 76.8 77.4 80.1 78.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 78.8 78.7 78.6 78.1 78.1 77.7 78.3 79.2 79.2 France 69.8 69.7 69.6 69.5 69.4 69.2 69.0 68.8 68.6 68.9 69.3 69.7 70.1 70.1 70.1 70.1 Germany 76.4 76.5 76.9 77.4 77.2 77.4 77.3 77.3 76.9 77.6 77.1 78.4 78.6 78.3 78.1 78.4 Greece 76.6 76.8 76.9 77.1 77.3 77.5 77.8 78.0 78.3 77.9 77.6 77.2 76.9 76.9 76.9 76.9 Hungary 66.1 66.9 67.8 68.6 69.5 70.1 70.7 71.3 71.9 72.1 73.2 73.1 73.0 74.1 76.2 76.5 Ireland 86.6 87.0 87.2 87.4 87.5 86.9 87.1 86.5 86.0 85.5 84.9 84.4 83.9 83.9 83.9 83.9 Israel 83.4 83.2 82.9 84.0 84.0 83.4 82.9 83.2 83.6 83.7 84.5 85.7 84.4 83.6 84.4 83.7 Italy 66.4 66.4 68.8 68.8 68.4 68.5 68.8 68.8 68.8 69.3 70.2 70.6 71.1 71.1 71.1 71.1 Japan 84.9 84.4 84.0 83.7 83.4 83.0 82.8 82.6 82.4 82.2 82.1 82.1 82.0 82.0 81.9 81.9 Korea, Republic of 82.5 76.8 73.3 70.4 72.8 73.9 75.9 78.3 80.5 82.6 82.3 81.5 81.0 80.4 80.4 80.4 Mexico 65.1 65.8 66.3 67.2 67.3 66.6 67.5 67.9 68.6 69.3 69.0 69.3 69.0 68.9 70.0 69.9 Netherlands NA 77.0 77.6 78.2 78.9 78.1 78.1 77.4 77.6 78.1 78.6 79.1 78.7 78.7 78.8 78.8 New Zealand 96.4 96.5 96.6 96.7 96.8 96.9 97.0 97.0 96.8 96.8 96.7 96.6 96.7 96.3 96.3 95.8 Norway NA 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.2 83.5 82.8 82.1 82.3 82.5 82.7 82.9 82.9 82.9 82.9 Philippines 90.1 90.1 90.1 90.2 90.5 90.9 91.3 91.4 91.1 91.2 91.4 91.5 91.5 91.5 91.5 91.5 Poland NA 70.0 69.6 85.3 84.7 84.6 84.4 84.3 84.2 84.6 85.0 85.5 85.9 85.9 85.9 85.9 Portugal 78.7 79.1 79.5 79.9 80.3 80.2 80.1 79.9 79.8 79.9 80.1 80.2 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 Singapore 77.8 78.2 79.5 85.2 84.5 83.9 83.9 84.0 84.9 85.8 85.4 85.1 84.5 83.9 83.9 83.9 Slovakia 68.9 68.9 69.6 70.8 70.6 71.9 71.1 70.3 72.6 72.8 72.4 72.3 72.1 71.4 72.5 72.9 Spain 74.6 74.7 74.8 74.9 75.0 74.9 74.8 74.6 74.4 74.3 74.2 73.9 74.3 73.4 73.9 74.6 Sweden 69.7 69.4 69.2 68.9 68.4 68.0 67.9 67.0 66.9 66.8 67.6 66.3 67.7 66.8 67.0 67.1 Switzerland 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.5 84.4 84.5 84.6 84.5 84.5 84.5 84.5 84.6 84.7 84.7 Taiwan 86.2 86.5 86.6 86.4 85.8 86.1 86.9 87.7 87.8 87.0 86.5 85.8 85.3 85.1 85.2 85.6 United Kingdom 81.8 82.5 83.0 82.1 82.7 83.5 84.6 85.5 85.7 85.6 85.4 85.3 85.2 85.2 85.2 84.6 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 77.7 77.9 78.1 #78.2 77.9 77.9 77.9 78.0 78.1 77.9 78.1 77.9 77.5 77.7 77.7 OECD (2) NA 77.6 77.7 77.8 #78.0 77.7 77.6 77.5 77.6 77.8 77.5 77.8 77.6 77.1 77.4 77.3 Europe (2) NA 76.7 77.1 77.3 #77.2 77.4 77.5 77.5 77.4 77.5 77.5 77.8 77.8 77.7 77.7 77.7 Euro Area (2) NA 74.7 75.1 75.4 #75.2 75.3 75.3 75.1 75.0 75.3 75.2 75.7 75.7 75.6 75.5 75.7 Eastern Europe (2) NA 70.1 70.2 76.6 #76.3 76.5 76.4 76.5 76.7 77.2 77.5 77.6 77.8 77.8 78.4 78.5 East Asia ex-Japan NA 80.9 79.8 79.8 80.5 80.9 82.0 83.2 84.3 85.2 84.9 84.3 83.8 83.4 83.4 83.5 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages) and directly-paid benefits. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 6.2 Hourly pay for time worked as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 70.1 70.4 70.8 71.4 71.2 70.3 70.0 69.2 69.1 68.8 68.6 67.0 67.6 67.4 67.0 66.7 Argentina 67.8 68.7 68.6 69.1 69.9 70.4 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.6 Australia 72.5 72.0 71.8 71.5 71.6 71.0 69.9 69.5 69.2 69.3 69.8 70.0 70.0 70.2 70.5 70.5 Austria 52.1 52.2 52.2 52.3 52.5 53.1 53.3 53.5 53.7 53.5 53.3 53.1 52.9 52.9 52.9 52.9 Belgium 49.2 49.2 49.1 49.2 48.1 49.3 49.4 49.6 49.6 49.1 48.6 48.2 47.7 47.7 47.6 47.6 Brazil 52.2 52.6 52.2 53.2 53.4 53.2 53.4 53.1 53.7 53.2 53.5 53.6 53.4 53.7 53.8 53.8 Canada 74.0 74.2 74.6 74.7 74.9 74.2 73.0 72.3 71.7 71.5 70.8 71.2 70.8 69.7 69.6 69.7 Czech Republic 60.4 60.3 60.2 60.2 59.9 58.9 59.4 59.3 59.3 60.2 60.3 60.1 60.4 59.2 59.2 59.2 Denmark NA 83.5 83.5 80.7 81.1 79.3 78.0 77.3 77.0 76.0 76.1 75.7 75.5 76.2 75.7 75.8 Estonia NA NA NA NA 65.8 65.7 65.6 65.5 65.4 65.2 65.1 64.9 64.7 64.7 64.7 64.7 Finland 60.2 60.8 63.0 61.9 62.5 61.5 60.2 59.6 58.6 58.8 58.6 58.9 58.8 59.2 59.9 59.9 France 52.6 52.7 52.7 52.8 52.9 52.6 52.3 52.0 51.7 51.7 51.6 51.6 51.5 51.5 51.5 51.5 Germany 56.9 57.1 57.9 58.6 57.8 57.3 57.1 57.0 57.7 58.1 57.1 57.6 57.8 58.0 58.9 58.5 Greece 58.4 58.3 58.2 58.1 58.0 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.1 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2 Hungary 52.1 52.2 52.4 52.5 52.7 53.1 53.4 53.8 54.1 54.1 54.7 54.4 54.2 55.0 56.5 56.7 Ireland 74.0 73.8 73.4 73.1 72.8 72.9 73.6 73.8 74.0 72.7 71.5 70.3 69.2 69.1 69.0 68.9 Israel 76.1 75.9 75.7 76.9 76.8 76.1 75.6 75.9 76.3 76.5 77.3 78.2 76.8 76.0 77.0 76.7 Italy 50.8 50.8 52.7 52.8 52.6 53.0 53.6 53.9 54.2 54.7 55.5 56.0 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5 Japan 56.1 55.8 56.1 56.8 56.5 56.5 57.3 57.1 56.7 56.1 55.9 56.1 56.0 57.3 57.2 56.6 Korea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mexico NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Netherlands NA 57.7 58.3 58.9 59.6 59.0 58.8 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2 58.2 57.4 57.4 57.5 57.5 New Zealand 85.4 85.4 85.5 85.6 85.7 85.7 85.7 85.6 85.8 85.7 85.2 84.3 84.1 84.3 84.7 84.2 Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Philippines 74.1 74.1 74.1 73.6 73.4 73.2 73.0 73.3 73.2 73.5 73.8 74.2 74.2 74.2 74.2 74.2 Poland NA 45.7 46.4 58.0 58.8 58.9 59.1 59.2 59.4 59.7 60.0 60.3 60.6 60.6 60.6 60.6 Portugal 60.6 60.3 60.0 59.7 59.5 60.1 60.8 61.5 62.2 61.9 61.7 61.4 61.1 61.1 61.1 61.1 Singapore 61.7 62.2 64.0 68.1 67.5 67.0 67.0 66.9 67.5 68.1 67.3 66.5 66.5 66.4 66.4 66.4 Slovakia 49.8 49.8 48.8 50.2 49.4 50.1 51.2 51.3 52.4 52.5 52.3 52.0 52.2 52.1 53.9 54.2 Spain 55.9 55.9 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.5 55.2 54.9 54.5 54.6 54.5 54.4 54.8 54.2 54.5 55.0 Sweden 59.8 59.5 59.2 58.8 58.4 57.9 57.7 56.7 56.5 56.4 57.1 56.0 57.2 56.4 56.6 56.6 Switzerland 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.1 65.6 65.9 66.3 65.5 64.6 64.5 64.4 65.3 66.1 66.1 Taiwan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA United Kingdom 66.9 67.2 67.4 66.4 66.7 68.3 70.3 72.1 73.4 73.0 72.6 72.3 71.9 71.9 71.9 71.4 'NA' means data not available. Note: Pay for time worked is wages and salaries for time actually worked. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 6.3 Hourly direct benefits as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 8.9 8.6 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.6 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.6 8.5 8.9 Argentina 12.3 12.5 12.7 13.4 13.2 13.3 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 Australia 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 Austria 20.9 20.8 20.7 20.7 20.6 20.9 21.0 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.5 Belgium 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.8 19.4 19.9 19.9 20.0 20.0 20.1 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 Brazil 13.8 13.9 13.8 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.2 14.1 14.2 14.1 14.2 14.2 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.3 Canada 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.5 10.3 10.2 10.1 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.8 9.8 9.8 Czech Republic 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.0 14.0 13.3 13.3 13.1 13.1 13.0 13.2 13.0 13.5 13.5 13.5 Denmark NA 13.3 13.3 13.7 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.4 13.3 13.5 13.8 14.0 14.3 14.0 14.7 14.6 Estonia NA NA NA NA 8.6 9.1 8.5 8.7 8.9 9.0 8.9 9.0 9.3 9.7 9.3 9.4 Finland 16.6 16.6 17.1 16.6 16.6 17.4 18.2 19.2 20.0 19.8 19.5 19.3 18.9 19.1 19.3 19.3 France 17.2 17.0 16.9 16.7 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 17.3 17.7 18.1 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5 Germany 19.5 19.5 19.0 18.8 19.5 20.1 20.2 20.3 19.1 19.5 20.0 20.8 20.8 20.3 19.3 19.9 Greece 18.2 18.4 18.7 19.0 19.3 19.5 19.7 19.9 20.1 19.8 19.4 19.1 18.7 18.7 18.7 18.7 Hungary 14.0 14.7 15.4 16.1 16.8 17.1 17.3 17.5 17.7 18.0 18.5 18.7 18.9 19.1 19.7 19.8 Ireland 12.6 13.2 13.7 14.3 14.8 14.1 13.5 12.7 12.0 12.7 13.4 14.1 14.8 14.8 14.9 15.1 Israel 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.0 Italy 15.7 15.7 16.1 16.0 15.8 15.5 15.2 14.9 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 14.6 Japan 28.7 28.7 28.0 26.9 26.9 26.6 25.5 25.5 25.7 26.0 26.2 26.0 26.0 24.6 24.7 25.3 Korea, Republic of NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Mexico NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Netherlands NA 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.2 19.3 19.2 19.3 19.9 20.4 21.0 21.3 21.3 21.3 21.3 New Zealand 11.0 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.1 11.1 11.5 12.3 12.5 11.9 11.6 11.5 Norway NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Philippines 16.1 16.1 16.1 16.6 17.1 17.7 18.3 18.1 17.8 17.7 17.5 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 Poland NA 24.3 23.2 27.2 25.9 25.6 25.4 25.1 24.8 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.3 25.3 25.3 Portugal 18.1 18.8 19.5 20.2 20.9 20.1 19.2 18.4 17.6 18.0 18.4 18.8 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 Singapore 16.1 16.0 15.5 17.1 17.0 16.9 17.0 17.0 17.4 17.7 18.2 18.6 18.1 17.5 17.5 17.5 Slovakia 19.1 19.1 20.8 20.6 21.3 21.8 19.9 19.0 20.2 20.3 20.2 20.2 19.9 19.3 18.6 18.7 Spain 18.7 18.8 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.4 19.6 19.8 19.9 19.8 19.6 19.5 19.5 19.3 19.4 19.6 Sweden 9.9 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.3 10.5 10.4 10.4 10.4 Switzerland 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 17.9 18.4 18.9 18.5 18.2 19.1 19.9 20.0 20.1 19.4 18.6 18.6 Taiwan NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA United Kingdom 14.9 15.3 15.6 15.7 16.0 15.2 14.3 13.4 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.2 'NA' means data not available. Note: Directly-paid benefits are primarily pay for leave time, bonuses, and pay in kind. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 6.4 Hourly social insurance expenditures and other labor-related taxes as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 21.1 21.0 20.7 20.3 20.4 21.1 21.3 22.0 22.3 22.4 22.5 24.0 23.5 24.1 24.6 24.4 Argentina 19.9 18.8 18.7 17.5 16.9 16.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 Australia 17.7 18.3 18.5 18.9 18.7 19.5 20.7 21.2 21.5 21.3 20.8 20.6 20.6 20.3 20.0 20.0 Austria 27.0 27.0 27.1 27.1 26.9 26.0 25.7 25.4 25.1 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.7 25.7 Belgium 31.0 31.0 31.1 31.0 32.5 30.8 30.7 30.5 30.4 30.8 31.3 31.7 32.1 32.1 32.2 32.2 Brazil 33.9 33.5 34.0 32.7 32.5 32.7 32.4 32.9 32.0 32.8 32.4 32.1 32.5 32.1 31.9 31.9 Canada 15.6 15.4 14.8 14.8 14.5 15.3 16.7 17.5 18.1 18.4 19.2 18.8 19.2 20.5 20.6 20.5 Czech Republic 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 27.1 27.1 27.3 27.4 27.6 26.6 26.7 26.7 26.6 27.3 27.3 27.3 Denmark NA 3.2 3.2 5.6 5.3 7.1 8.5 9.3 9.7 10.5 10.0 10.4 10.2 9.8 9.6 9.6 Estonia NA NA NA NA 25.6 25.2 25.9 25.8 25.7 25.8 26.1 26.1 26.0 25.5 25.9 25.8 Finland 23.2 22.6 19.9 21.5 20.9 21.0 21.6 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.9 21.9 22.3 21.7 20.8 20.8 France 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 30.8 31.0 31.2 31.4 31.1 30.7 30.3 29.9 29.9 29.9 29.9 Germany 23.6 23.5 23.1 22.6 22.8 22.6 22.7 22.7 23.1 22.4 22.9 21.6 21.4 21.7 21.9 21.6 Greece 23.4 23.2 23.1 22.9 22.7 22.5 22.2 22.0 21.7 22.1 22.4 22.8 23.1 23.1 23.1 23.1 Hungary 33.9 33.1 32.2 31.4 30.5 29.9 29.3 28.7 28.1 27.9 26.8 26.9 27.0 25.9 23.8 23.5 Ireland 13.4 13.0 12.8 12.6 12.5 13.1 12.9 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.1 15.6 16.1 16.1 16.1 16.1 Israel 16.6 16.8 17.1 16.0 16.0 16.6 17.1 16.8 16.4 16.3 15.5 14.3 15.6 16.4 15.6 16.3 Italy 33.6 33.6 31.2 31.2 31.6 31.5 31.2 31.2 31.2 30.7 29.8 29.4 28.9 28.9 28.9 28.9 Japan 15.1 15.6 16.0 16.3 16.6 17.0 17.2 17.4 17.6 17.8 17.9 17.9 18.0 18.0 18.1 18.1 Korea, Republic of 17.5 23.2 26.7 29.6 27.2 26.1 24.1 21.7 19.5 17.4 17.7 18.5 19.0 19.6 19.6 19.6 Mexico 34.9 34.2 33.7 32.8 32.7 33.4 32.5 32.1 31.4 30.7 31.0 30.7 31.0 31.1 30.0 30.1 Netherlands NA 23.0 22.4 21.8 21.1 21.9 21.9 22.6 22.4 21.9 21.4 20.9 21.3 21.3 21.2 21.2 New Zealand 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.7 4.2 Norway NA 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.1 15.8 16.5 17.2 17.9 17.7 17.5 17.3 17.1 17.1 17.1 17.1 Philippines 9.9 9.9 9.9 9.8 9.5 9.1 8.7 8.6 8.9 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Poland NA 30.0 30.4 14.7 15.3 15.4 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.4 15.0 14.5 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 Portugal 21.3 20.9 20.5 20.1 19.7 19.8 19.9 20.1 20.2 20.1 19.9 19.8 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 Singapore 22.2 21.8 20.5 14.8 15.5 16.1 16.1 16.0 15.1 14.2 14.6 14.9 15.5 16.1 16.1 16.1 Slovakia 31.1 31.1 30.4 29.2 29.4 28.1 28.9 29.7 27.4 27.2 27.6 27.7 27.9 28.6 27.5 27.1 Spain 25.4 25.3 25.2 25.1 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.4 25.6 25.7 25.8 26.1 25.7 26.6 26.1 25.4 Sweden 30.3 30.6 30.8 31.1 31.6 32.0 32.1 33.0 33.1 33.2 32.4 33.7 32.3 33.2 33.0 32.9 Switzerland 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.5 15.4 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.4 15.3 15.3 Taiwan 13.8 13.5 13.4 13.6 14.2 14.0 13.2 12.3 12.2 13.0 13.5 14.2 14.7 14.9 14.8 14.4 United Kingdom 18.2 17.5 17.0 17.9 17.3 16.5 15.4 14.5 14.3 14.4 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.8 14.8 15.4 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 22.3 22.1 21.9 #21.8 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.0 21.9 22.1 21.9 22.1 22.5 22.3 22.3 OECD (2) NA 22.4 22.3 22.2 #22.0 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.4 22.2 22.5 22.2 22.4 22.9 22.6 22.7 Europe (2) NA 23.3 22.9 22.7 #22.8 22.6 22.5 22.5 22.6 22.5 22.5 22.2 22.2 22.3 22.3 22.3 Euro Area (2) NA 25.3 24.9 24.6 #24.8 24.7 24.7 24.9 25.0 24.7 24.8 24.3 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.3 Eastern Europe (2) NA 29.9 29.8 23.4 #23.7 23.5 23.6 23.5 23.3 22.8 22.5 22.4 22.2 22.2 21.6 21.5 East Asia ex-Japan NA 19.1 20.2 20.2 19.5 19.1 18.0 16.8 15.7 14.8 15.1 15.7 16.2 16.6 16.6 16.5 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Employer social insurance expenditures are legally required, private, and contractual social benefit costs, and labor-related taxes minus subsidies. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012 Table 7.1 Exchange rates, 1996-2011 National currency units per U.S. dollar Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Argentina 0.9997 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 3.0633 2.9006 2.9233 2.9037 3.0543 3.0956 3.1442 3.7101 3.8963 4.1101 Australia 1.2775 1.3446 1.5896 1.5494 1.7197 1.9346 1.8392 1.5328 1.3578 1.3111 1.3271 1.1918 1.1714 1.2615 1.0870 0.9679 Austria 10.5890 12.2060 12.3790 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Belgium 30.9700 35.8100 36.3100 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Brazil 1.0051 1.0779 1.1605 1.8207 1.8301 2.3527 2.9213 3.0750 2.9262 2.4352 2.1738 1.9461 1.8326 1.9976 1.7600 1.6723 Canada 1.3638 1.3849 1.4836 1.4858 1.4855 1.5487 1.5704 1.4008 1.3017 1.2115 1.1340 1.0734 1.0660 1.1412 1.0298 0.9887 Czech Republic 27.1450 31.6980 32.2810 34.5690 38.5980 38.0350 32.7390 28.2090 25.7000 23.9574 22.5956 20.2937 17.0717 19.0630 19.0983 17.6959 Denmark 5.8003 6.6092 6.7030 6.9900 8.0953 8.3323 7.8862 6.5774 5.9891 5.9953 5.9422 5.4413 5.0885 5.3574 5.6265 5.3535 Estonia NA NA NA NA 16.9690 17.4780 16.6120 13.8560 12.5960 12.5838 12.4655 11.4339 10.6944 11.2574 11.8068 #0.7178 Finland 4.5936 5.1914 5.3441 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 France 5.1158 5.8393 5.8995 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Germany 1.5049 1.7348 1.7597 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Greece 240.7000 273.1000 295.5000 306.7000 365.4000 #1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Hungary 152.6470 186.7890 214.4020 237.1460 282.1790 286.4900 257.8870 224.3070 202.7500 199.5825 210.3900 183.6258 172.1133 202.3417 207.9442 201.0550 Ireland 0.6248 0.6588 0.7014 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Israel 3.1920 3.4490 3.8000 4.1400 4.0770 4.2060 4.7380 4.5540 4.4820 4.4877 4.4558 4.1081 3.5880 3.9323 3.7390 3.5781 Italy 1542.7600 1703.8100 1736.8500 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Japan 108.7800 121.0581 130.9892 113.7342 107.8040 121.5680 125.2204 115.9387 108.1508 110.1069 116.3121 117.7623 103.3906 93.6827 87.7817 79.6967 Korea, Republic of 804.9968 953.1904 1400.4036 1189.8361 1130.8975 1292.0149 1250.3140 1192.0817 1145.2364 1023.7492 954.3210 928.9717 1098.7061 1274.6252 1155.7389 1106.9400 Mexico 7.6004 7.9177 9.1521 9.5533 9.4586 9.3366 9.6633 10.7925 11.2897 10.8938 10.9056 10.9281 11.1425 13.4979 12.6237 12.4270 Netherlands 1.6863 1.9525 1.9837 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 New Zealand 1.4541 1.5094 1.8653 1.8896 2.1891 2.3798 2.1529 1.7176 1.5053 1.4186 1.5404 1.3578 1.3984 1.5728 1.3858 1.2626 Norway 6.4594 7.0857 7.5521 7.8071 8.8131 8.9964 7.9839 7.0803 6.7399 6.4412 6.4095 5.8557 5.6365 6.2908 6.0451 5.6022 Philippines 26.1260 29.4710 40.8930 39.0890 44.1920 50.9930 51.6040 54.2030 56.0400 55.0855 51.3143 46.1484 44.3233 47.6797 45.1097 43.3131 Poland NA 3.2800 3.4800 3.9700 4.3500 4.0939 4.0800 3.8891 3.6576 3.2355 3.1032 2.7680 2.4092 3.1201 3.0153 2.9628 Portugal 154.2800 175.4400 180.2500 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Singapore 1.4100 1.4857 1.6722 1.6951 1.7250 1.7930 1.7908 1.7429 1.6902 1.6639 1.5882 1.5065 1.4140 1.4543 1.3629 1.2565 Slovakia 30.6540 33.6160 35.2330 41.3630 46.0350 48.3550 45.3270 36.7730 32.2570 31.0183 29.6973 24.6943 21.3614 #0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Spain 126.6800 146.5300 149.4100 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 0.7541 0.7178 Sweden 6.7082 7.6447 7.9522 8.2740 9.1735 10.3425 9.7233 8.0787 7.3480 7.4710 7.3718 6.7550 6.5846 7.6539 7.2053 6.4878 Switzerland 1.2361 1.4514 1.4506 1.5045 1.6904 1.6891 1.5567 1.3450 1.2428 1.2459 1.2532 1.1999 1.0816 1.0860 1.0432 0.8862 Taiwan 27.4680 28.7751 33.5473 32.3222 31.2599 33.8243 34.5363 34.4047 33.3719 32.1312 32.5065 32.8547 31.5205 33.0200 31.4974 29.3822 United Kingdom 0.6407 0.6106 0.6034 0.6184 0.6598 0.6946 0.6656 0.6117 0.5456 0.5493 0.5425 0.4995 0.5392 0.6385 0.6472 0.6233 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: National currency units are United States, dollar; Argentina, peso; Australia, dollar; Austria, schilling (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); Belgium, franc (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); Brazil, real; Canada, dollar; Czech Republic, koruna; Denmark, krone; Estonia, kroon (1996-2010), euro (2011); Finland, markka (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); France, franc (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); Germany, mark (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); Greece, drachma (1996-2000), euro (2001-2011); Hungary, forint; Ireland, pound (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); Israel, new shekel; Italy, lira (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); Japan, yen; Korea, Republic of, won; Mexico, peso; Netherlands, guilder (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); New Zealand, dollar; Norway, kroner; Philippines, peso; Poland, zloty; Portugal, escudo (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); Singapore, dollar; Slovakia, koruna (1996-2008), euro (2009-2011); Spain, peseta (1996-1998), euro (1999-2011); Sweden, krona; Switzerland, franc; Taiwan, dollar; United Kingdom, pound. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012