Table 8. Region of residence: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 1998-1999 All Item consumer Northeast Midwest South West units Number of consumer units (in thousands)...... 107,824 20,933 25,556 37,577 23,758 Income before taxes a/ ...................... $42,770 $46,809 $41,447 $39,371 $45,736 Income after taxes a/ ....................... 39,489 43,242 38,224 36,817 41,583 Age of the reference person.................. 47.8 49.0 48.2 47.6 46.5 Average number in consumer unit: Persons..................................... 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 Children under 18........................... .7 .6 .7 .7 .7 Persons 65 and over......................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 Earners..................................... 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 Vehicles.................................... 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.0 Percent distribution: Male........................................ 56 57 57 54 58 Female...................................... 44 43 43 46 42 Homeowner................................... 65 62 69 67 59 With mortgage.............................. 38 35 40 38 40 Without mortgage........................... 26 27 29 29 19 Renter...................................... 35 38 31 33 41 Black....................................... 12 11 9 19 5 White and other............................. 88 89 91 81 95 Elementary (1-8)............................ 6 6 5 8 6 High school (9-12).......................... 39 41 43 40 31 College..................................... 54 53 53 51 63 Never attended and other.................... b/ b/ b/ b/ b/ At least one vehicle owned or leased........ 87 80 89 89 88 Average annual expenditures.................. $36,251 $37,950 $35,352 $33,135 $40,647 Food........................................ 4,921 5,314 4,802 4,533 5,312 Food at home............................. 2,848 3,001 2,733 2,660 3,132 Cereals and bakery products............ 437 474 430 401 466 Cereals and cereal products.......... 153 164 149 140 168 Bakery products...................... 283 310 281 261 299 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs......... 736 808 671 725 761 Beef................................. 219 236 217 210 222 Pork................................. 151 146 150 162 141 Other meats.......................... 95 110 97 86 91 Poultry.............................. 136 158 108 137 146 Fish and seafood..................... 102 123 72 99 121 Eggs................................. 32 34 26 32 39 Dairy products......................... 312 342 304 282 341 Fresh milk and cream................. 121 128 120 112 130 Other dairy products................. 191 214 183 170 211 Fruits and vegetables.................. 486 539 442 438 562 Fresh fruits......................... 151 169 138 128 186 Fresh vegetables..................... 147 164 126 131 177 Processed fruits..................... 107 124 98 97 118 Processed vegetables................. 81 82 80 82 81 Other food at home..................... 877 838 887 815 1,001 Sugar and other sweets............... 110 110 114 99 124 Fats and oils........................ 80 80 75 79 88 Miscellaneous foods.................. 404 374 415 373 468 Nonalcoholic beverages............... 236 225 239 228 258 Food prepared by consumer unit on out-of-town trips................... 46 48 44 36 64 Food away from home.................... 2,073 2,313 2,069 1,873 2,180 Alcoholic beverages......................... 313 368 304 253 372 Housing..................................... 11,843 13,229 11,195 10,303 13,756 Shelter.................................. 6,849 8,150 6,269 5,467 8,515 Owned dwellings........................ 4,386 5,209 4,282 3,465 5,230 Mortgage interest and charges........ 2,501 2,622 2,277 2,039 3,368 Property taxes....................... 1,070 1,752 1,152 726 923 Maintenance, repairs, insurance,other expenses............................ 815 835 853 699 939 Rented dwellings....................... 2,002 2,390 1,558 1,641 2,709 Other lodging.......................... 461 550 429 361 575 Utilities, fuels, and public services.... 2,391 2,457 2,401 2,482 2,179 Natural gas............................ 277 368 389 164 255 Electricity............................ 910 837 841 1,115 725 Fuel oil and other fuels............... 80 207 68 45 35 Telephone services..................... 839 830 830 860 825 Water and other public services........ 285 215 273 298 339 Household operations..................... 606 581 542 553 781 Personal services...................... 291 271 300 258 353 Other household expenses............... 315 310 242 295 428 Housekeeping supplies.................... 490 474 508 473 513 Laundry and cleaning supplies.......... 119 104 134 113 128 Other household products............... 241 232 233 256 235 Postage and stationery................. 130 138 140 104 150 Household furnishings and equipment...... 1,506 1,567 1,475 1,328 1,768 Household textiles..................... 110 112 109 89 141 Furniture.............................. 371 388 344 335 444 Floor coverings........................ 50 59 52 44 49 Major appliances....................... 174 194 165 172 167 Small appliances, miscellaneous housewares............................ 91 93 90 81 105 Miscellaneous household equipment...... 710 721 714 607 862 Apparel and services........................ 1,708 1,831 1,607 1,610 1,863 Men and boys............................. 409 446 433 351 443 Men, 16 and over....................... 321 354 341 262 363 Boys, 2 to 15.......................... 88 92 91 89 80 Women and girls.......................... 653 685 606 641 695 Women, 16 and over..................... 548 584 490 538 594 Girls, 2 to 15......................... 105 101 116 103 101 Children under 2......................... 70 63 59 79 74 Footwear................................. 292 300 285 283 307 Other apparel products and services...... 283 337 224 256 344 Transportation.............................. 6,815 6,503 6,617 6,738 7,423 Vehicle purchases (net outlay)........... 3,136 2,761 3,081 3,354 3,180 Cars and trucks, new................... 1,506 1,496 1,280 1,648 1,534 Cars and trucks, used.................. 1,587 1,251 1,763 1,651 1,593 Other vehicles......................... 42 c/ 15 38 55 52 Gasoline and motor oil................... 1,036 901 1,036 1,052 1,129 Other vehicle expenses................... 2,230 2,266 2,159 2,033 2,585 Vehicle finance charges................ 320 240 328 365 311 Maintenance and repairs................ 653 618 594 621 797 Vehicle insurance...................... 748 824 701 696 811 Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, other charges.............................. 510 584 536 352 666 Public transportation.................... 413 575 341 298 530 Health care................................. 1,931 1,788 2,048 1,971 1,869 Health insurance......................... 918 875 978 933 868 Medical services......................... 550 516 554 547 580 Drugs.................................... 358 296 394 399 309 Medical supplies......................... 105 102 122 91 112 Entertainment............................... 1,844 1,821 1,984 1,574 2,139 Fees and admissions...................... 454 511 444 371 545 Television, radios, sound equipment...... 597 650 580 561 624 Pets, toys, and playground equipment..... 338 325 375 306 358 Other entertainment supplies, equipment,and services.................. 456 335 585 336 613 Personal care products and services......... 405 399 385 393 449 Reading..................................... 160 198 168 121 181 Education................................... 607 877 583 431 676 Tobacco products and smoking supplies....... 287 309 331 288 217 Miscellaneous............................... 864 857 855 750 1,058 Cash contributions.......................... 1,145 994 1,120 1,122 1,342 Personal insurance and pensions............. 3,409 3,461 3,355 3,048 3,990 Life and other personal insurance........ 396 424 387 414 355 Pensions and Social Security............. 3,012 3,037 2,968 2,635 3,636 Sources of income and personal taxes: a/ Money income before taxes.................. 42,769 46,809 41,447 39,371 45,735 Wages and salaries....................... 33,661 37,715 33,018 30,791 35,199 Self-employment income................... 2,419 2,437 2,109 2,013 3,286 Social Security, private and government retirement................... 4,707 4,790 4,686 4,955 4,306 Interest, dividends, rental income, other property income................... 986 877 735 753 1,650 Unemployment and workers'' compensation, veterans'' benefits..................... 185 222 163 152 224 Public assistance, supplemental security, income, food stamps..................... 325 346 304 261 422 Regular contributions for support........ 261 215 219 286 301 Other income............................. 226 208 213 159 346 Personal taxes............................. 3,281 3,567 3,223 2,554 4,153 Federal income taxes..................... 2,492 2,606 2,326 2,047 3,200 State and local income taxes............. 623 694 753 363 812 Other taxes.............................. 166 267 144 143 141 Income after taxes......................... 39,489 43,242 38,224 36,817 41,583 Net change in total assets and liabilities... -882 -1,467 -1,565 478 -1,782 Net change in total assets............... 6,298 6,011 4,472 5,208 10,240 Net change in total liabilities.......... 7,180 7,477 6,036 4,730 12,022 Other financial information: Other money receipts..................... 558 485 474 483 830 Mortgage principal paid on owned property................................ -1,264 -1,262 -1,230 -1,026 -1,677 Estimated market value of owned home..... 84,071 94,312 76,338 67,711 109,245 Estimated monthly rental value of owned home.................................... 580 663 547 505 662 Gifts of goods and services................. 1,072 1,253 1,034 901 1,224 Food..................................... 84 116 78 56 104 Housing.................................. 298 339 281 264 336 Housekeeping supplies.................. 41 41 42 33 52 Household textiles..................... 16 17 16 14 20 Appliances and miscellaneous housewares........................... 31 42 35 23 29 Major appliances..................... 8 14 9 4 7 Small appliances and miscellaneous housewares......................... 23 28 26 19 23 Miscellaneous household equipment...... 68 76 69 56 81 Other housing.......................... 142 164 119 137 154 Apparel and services..................... 217 242 200 212 220 Males, 2 and over...................... 57 59 63 48 62 Females, 2 and over.................... 75 93 63 75 73 Children under 2....................... 33 30 28 38 32 Other apparel products and services.... 52 60 46 51 54 Jewelry and watches.................. 26 32 17 26 30 All other apparel products and services............................ 26 28 28 25 24 Transportation........................... 56 50 49 46 86 Health care.............................. 39 23 47 35 50 Entertainment............................ 93 104 92 77 108 Toys, games, hobbies, and tricycles.... 31 37 34 27 28 Other entertainment.................... 62 67 58 51 80 Education................................ 160 252 166 108 156 All other gifts.......................... 125 128 121 102 164 a Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only; see glossary. b Value less than 0.5. c Data are likely to have large sampling errors.