Table 10. Education of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 1999 Less than college graduate College graduate All Less High Item consumer than High school Bachelor- Master's, units Total high school graduate Associate Total 's professi- school graduate with degree degree onal, graduate some doctorate college Number of consumer units (in thousands)...... 108,465 80,529 17,154 32,049 22,108 9,219 27,936 18,173 9,763 Income before taxes a/ ...................... $43,951 $34,739 $22,396 $36,900 $37,319 $44,232 $70,324 $63,412 $83,623 Income after taxes a/ ....................... 40,652 32,675 21,611 34,818 34,848 40,827 63,487 57,300 75,395 Age of the reference person.................. 47.9 48.3 55.0 49.0 43.1 45.9 46.7 45.3 49.1 Average number in consumer unit: Persons..................................... 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 Children under 18........................... .7 .7 .8 .7 .6 .8 .6 .6 .6 Persons 65 and over......................... .3 .3 .5 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 Earners..................................... 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Vehicles.................................... 1.9 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 Percent distribution: Male........................................ 55 52 50 53 54 51 62 60 65 Female...................................... 45 48 50 47 46 49 38 40 35 Homeowner................................... 65 62 57 66 58 69 73 71 77 With mortgage.............................. 38 33 21 34 38 43 52 51 53 Without mortgage........................... 27 29 36 32 20 26 21 20 23 Renter...................................... 35 38 43 34 42 31 27 29 23 Black....................................... 12 14 17 14 13 10 7 7 7 White and other............................. 88 86 83 86 87 90 93 93 93 Elementary (1-8)............................ 6 8 39 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. High school (9-12).......................... 39 52 59 100 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. College..................................... 55 39 n.a. n.a. 100 100 100 100 100 Never attended and other.................... b/ b/ 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. At least one vehicle owned or leased........ 87 85 74 88 87 92 93 93 93 Average annual expenditures.................. $36,995 $31,254 $22,558 $31,091 $35,165 $38,806 $53,625 $49,857 $60,649 Food........................................ 5,031 4,555 3,790 4,598 4,863 5,164 6,433 6,146 6,971 Food at home............................. 2,915 2,787 2,641 2,836 2,778 2,923 3,295 3,226 3,426 Cereals and bakery products............ 448 427 407 436 422 448 511 501 530 Cereals and cereal products.......... 160 153 161 151 148 152 182 179 186 Bakery products...................... 288 274 247 285 273 295 329 322 343 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs......... 749 748 778 768 702 727 751 756 742 Beef................................. 220 225 234 227 215 221 207 213 196 Pork................................. 157 163 167 178 146 144 137 133 144 Other meats.......................... 97 97 95 101 92 95 99 99 97 Poultry.............................. 136 134 136 139 123 137 143 140 149 Fish and seafood..................... 106 96 106 89 97 100 136 141 127 Eggs................................. 32 33 39 35 28 30 29 30 29 Dairy products......................... 322 304 276 310 311 317 378 368 398 Fresh milk and cream................. 122 119 122 124 113 115 130 130 130 Other dairy products................. 200 184 155 186 198 202 248 238 268 Fruits and vegetables.................. 500 462 462 462 456 479 610 569 687 Fresh fruits......................... 152 139 142 135 140 144 194 178 225 Fresh vegetables..................... 149 138 143 138 134 139 179 167 203 Processed fruits..................... 113 102 92 103 104 112 147 138 163 Processed vegetables................. 86 84 85 86 79 85 91 87 97 Other food at home..................... 896 846 718 860 888 952 1,044 1,031 1,069 Sugar and other sweets............... 112 106 96 110 107 105 129 128 130 Fats and oils........................ 84 83 80 85 81 82 86 85 88 Miscellaneous foods.................. 420 391 310 397 426 443 507 505 510 Nonalcoholic beverages............... 242 236 213 239 237 274 259 254 269 Food prepared by consumer unit on out-of-town trips................... 39 31 20 29 37 46 63 59 72 Food away from home.................... 2,116 1,768 1,149 1,761 2,084 2,241 3,138 2,920 3,545 Alcoholic beverages......................... 318 260 169 236 335 345 489 471 522 Housing..................................... 12,057 10,081 7,511 9,972 11,324 12,295 17,766 16,476 20,170 Shelter.................................. 7,016 5,702 4,195 5,526 6,625 6,909 10,802 10,079 12,147 Owned dwellings........................ 4,525 3,449 2,025 3,465 4,023 4,669 7,625 7,020 8,750 Mortgage interest and charges........ 2,547 1,868 968 1,809 2,285 2,744 4,506 4,192 5,091 Property taxes....................... 1,123 889 617 972 927 1,014 1,799 1,617 2,139 Maintenance, repairs, insurance,other expenses............................ 854 693 440 684 810 911 1,319 1,211 1,520 Rented dwellings....................... 2,027 1,955 2,052 1,800 2,143 1,860 2,234 2,283 2,143 Other lodging.......................... 465 298 118 261 459 380 943 776 1,254 Utilities, fuels, and public services.... 2,377 2,236 2,007 2,290 2,215 2,523 2,785 2,677 2,985 Natural gas............................ 270 249 233 257 243 271 330 310 369 Electricity............................ 899 875 796 921 836 955 970 943 1,020 Fuel oil and other fuels............... 74 73 72 87 54 74 78 79 78 Telephone services..................... 849 776 686 761 813 909 1,058 1,015 1,139 Water and other public services........ 285 263 221 266 270 314 347 330 378 Household operations..................... 666 490 255 492 578 714 1,172 981 1,529 Personal services...................... 323 261 146 266 296 375 500 433 624 Other household expenses............... 343 229 108 226 281 339 673 548 905 Housekeeping supplies.................... 498 440 319 443 484 567 672 672 672 Laundry and cleaning supplies.......... 121 120 109 122 123 123 126 124 130 Other household products............... 250 214 152 217 230 292 356 374 323 Postage and stationery................. 127 106 59 103 131 152 190 174 219 Household furnishings and equipment...... 1,499 1,212 735 1,222 1,422 1,582 2,335 2,067 2,836 Household textiles..................... 114 97 53 108 104 133 163 143 201 Furniture.............................. 365 292 216 287 316 396 576 524 674 Floor coverings........................ 44 35 21 34 39 56 68 63 77 Major appliances....................... 183 154 122 164 156 181 266 261 277 Small appliances, miscellaneous housewares............................ 102 78 46 85 86 93 172 138 236 Miscellaneous household equipment...... 692 556 279 544 721 723 1,089 938 1,371 Apparel and services........................ 1,743 1,502 1,073 1,525 1,678 1,840 2,451 2,287 2,758 Men and boys............................. 421 353 237 370 393 422 622 603 657 Men, 16 and over....................... 328 263 166 282 292 316 520 509 541 Boys, 2 to 15.......................... 93 90 71 88 101 106 102 94 116 Women and girls.......................... 655 559 395 528 664 750 938 824 1,151 Women, 16 and over..................... 548 460 328 427 558 606 807 700 1,010 Girls, 2 to 15......................... 107 100 67 101 106 144 130 124 142 Children under 2......................... 67 59 57 55 65 66 90 82 104 Footwear................................. 303 286 245 298 292 310 354 355 352 Other apparel products and services...... 297 245 139 274 264 292 447 422 494 Transportation.............................. 7,011 6,251 4,553 6,220 6,879 8,011 9,205 8,916 9,743 Vehicle purchases (net outlay)........... 3,305 2,996 2,356 2,930 3,219 3,881 4,198 4,106 4,368 Cars and trucks, new................... 1,628 1,343 868 1,317 1,396 2,194 2,449 2,357 2,619 Cars and trucks, used.................. 1,641 1,620 1,442 1,589 1,797 1,633 1,704 1,709 1,694 Other vehicles......................... 36 33 45 24 27 c/ 54 45 c/ 40 c/ 55 Gasoline and motor oil................... 1,055 1,006 792 1,028 1,068 1,178 1,195 1,178 1,228 Other vehicle expenses................... 2,254 1,986 1,261 2,018 2,245 2,609 3,026 2,950 3,166 Vehicle finance charges................ 320 310 193 325 326 440 350 362 328 Maintenance and repairs................ 664 586 402 561 694 755 891 839 989 Vehicle insurance...................... 756 695 487 731 728 877 934 910 980 Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, other charges.............................. 513 396 179 401 498 538 850 839 870 Public transportation.................... 397 263 144 245 347 342 786 682 981 Health care................................. 1,959 1,775 1,551 1,858 1,729 2,013 2,490 2,340 2,770 Health insurance......................... 923 863 775 914 810 974 1,096 1,028 1,222 Medical services......................... 558 460 331 489 479 551 840 793 929 Drugs.................................... 370 356 381 362 323 366 412 385 461 Medical supplies......................... 109 97 63 93 117 122 143 135 158 Entertainment............................... 1,891 1,588 881 1,567 1,974 2,067 2,766 2,521 3,224 Fees and admissions...................... 459 305 111 275 436 457 903 828 1,045 Television, radios, sound equipment...... 608 550 432 553 589 665 776 759 808 Pets, toys, and playground equipment..... 346 294 198 293 334 383 495 472 540 Other entertainment supplies, equipment,and services.................. 478 439 140 445 615 561 591 463 831 Personal care products and services......... 408 362 253 370 421 409 545 510 611 Reading..................................... 159 117 62 113 145 167 281 246 346 Education................................... 635 408 111 292 734 589 1,288 1,099 1,640 Tobacco products and smoking supplies....... 300 346 376 379 298 287 169 183 143 Miscellaneous............................... 867 732 485 761 815 892 1,260 1,053 1,648 Cash contributions.......................... 1,181 749 458 652 1,023 971 2,426 1,926 3,355 Personal insurance and pensions............. 3,436 2,528 1,286 2,549 2,947 3,756 6,056 5,684 6,748 Life and other personal insurance........ 394 297 228 305 296 402 675 639 743 Pensions and Social Security............. 3,042 2,230 1,058 2,245 2,651 3,354 5,380 5,045 6,005 Sources of income and personal taxes: a/ Money income before taxes.................. 43,951 34,738 22,396 36,897 37,319 44,232 70,324 63,412 83,623 Wages and salaries....................... 34,456 26,204 14,347 26,925 30,159 36,351 58,079 53,989 65,951 Self-employment income................... 2,603 1,794 849 2,404 1,560 2,056 4,920 3,363 7,917 Social Security, private and government retirement................... 4,798 4,760 5,577 5,062 3,950 4,162 4,906 3,955 6,737 Interest, dividends, rental income, other property income................... 1,104 912 329 1,529 596 669 1,657 1,300 2,344 Unemployment and workers'' compensation, veterans'' benefits..................... 177 202 228 193 174 250 105 92 129 Public assistance, supplemental security, income, food stamps..................... 320 396 800 330 252 215 103 119 70 Regular contributions for support........ 262 258 117 295 284 331 273 310 202 Other income............................. 230 213 148 159 344 199 280 284 273 Personal taxes............................. 3,299 2,064 785 2,082 2,471 3,405 6,836 6,113 8,229 Federal income taxes..................... 2,513 1,525 561 1,501 1,866 2,581 5,341 4,752 6,475 State and local income taxes............. 616 407 167 416 458 705 1,212 1,105 1,420 Other taxes.............................. 170 131 57 165 146 119 283 256 334 Income after taxes......................... 40,652 32,675 21,611 34,818 34,848 40,827 63,487 57,300 75,395 Net change in total assets and liabilities... 142 112 477 -485 2,312 -3,772 229 25 608 Net change in total assets............... 6,478 4,451 2,592 3,941 6,418 4,968 12,321 10,913 14,941 Net change in total liabilities.......... 6,336 4,340 2,115 4,426 4,105 8,739 12,092 10,887 14,333 Other financial information: Other money receipts..................... 651 314 97 322 406 473 1,623 894 2,981 Mortgage principal paid on owned property................................ -1,366 -1,085 -437 -856 -1,162 -2,905 -2,177 -1,938 -2,622 Estimated market value of owned home..... 87,582 67,708 48,172 70,165 72,517 83,983 144,873 125,072 181,728 Estimated monthly rental value of owned home.................................... 592 496 372 505 539 593 868 799 995 Gifts of goods and services................. 1,083 801 548 817 925 937 1,901 1,648 2,373 Food..................................... 83 49 34 45 66 55 180 124 284 Housing.................................. 292 214 150 233 226 239 519 472 607 Housekeeping supplies.................. 41 33 17 32 43 41 63 59 71 Household textiles..................... 17 14 4 17 13 22 26 22 34 Appliances and miscellaneous housewares........................... 32 25 11 36 19 23 55 50 65 Major appliances..................... 9 8 3 14 3 10 11 6 20 Small appliances and miscellaneous housewares......................... 24 17 9 22 16 13 45 44 45 Miscellaneous household equipment...... 66 50 32 50 58 68 112 99 137 Other housing.......................... 136 92 86 98 93 84 262 241 300 Apparel and services..................... 210 181 142 183 200 207 293 284 311 Males, 2 and over...................... 54 47 39 54 44 48 74 83 57 Females, 2 and over.................... 71 63 37 66 76 78 93 76 126 Children under 2....................... 33 28 25 28 29 36 47 43 54 Other apparel products and services.... 52 42 42 35 52 45 79 81 74 Jewelry and watches.................. 27 20 12 16 36 12 46 54 30 All other apparel products and services............................ 25 22 30 20 16 33 33 28 44 Transportation........................... 63 52 24 64 66 27 96 88 110 Health care.............................. 40 32 29 35 34 21 64 56 80 Entertainment............................ 98 89 44 79 115 146 126 114 147 Toys, games, hobbies, and tricycles.... 32 30 24 27 34 44 37 39 33 Other entertainment.................... 66 58 20 53 81 101 89 75 114 Education................................ 166 78 17 89 95 117 419 340 567 All other gifts.......................... 131 106 109 88 123 125 203 169 267 a Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only; see glossary. b Value less than 0.5. c Data are likely to have large sampling errors. n.a. Not applicable.