HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 30 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 40 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, 1975-2002 ALL MANUFACTURING IMPORTANT NOTE: DATA IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE INTRODUCTION AND IN THE COUNTRY NOTES. THE INTRODUCTION AND COUNTRY NOTES CAN BE ACCESSED AT: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ForeignLabor/indnotes.txt. General Notes: The measures for total manufacturing were published in news release USDL 03-507, "International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 2002," September 26, 2003. The measures for individual manufacturing industries are less reliable than the total manufacturing data because there are more technical limitations associated with them. For more information about limitations, see the Technical Notes and Country Notes. The measures in these tables are shown according to the U.S. 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for every U.S. two-digit level industry and selected three-digit industries. Data are also shown for two-digit level International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 2 industry groups. Currently, data are unavailable for the latest years for several countries in which there have been recent changes in wage surveys or in industrial classification. Additional revisions to this database will be made on an SIC basis. In the future, this database will be converted to a NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) basis. Note: Hourly compensation costs in national currency for countries that are members of the European Monetary Union (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) are expressed in the national currency used in each country prior to the implementation of the euro for 1975-1998, and in euros for 1999-2002. More information about national currency units and exchange rates used in these tables is on page 136. .. Data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity And Technology, May 18, 2004. HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100 PAGE 5 ALL MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 32 30 18 18 14 12 CANADA.................. 94 88 84 107 100 94 94 94 90 84 82 81 77 75 MEXICO.................. 23 22 12 11 15 15 10 9 9 9 10 11 11 11 AUSTRALIA............... 88 86 63 89 77 85 90 97 92 82 84 73 65 73 HONG KONG SAR (1,2)..... 12 15 13 22 26 28 29 30 30 30 29 28 29 27 ISRAEL.................. 35 38 31 57 53 54 61 64 66 65 62 65 66 57 JAPAN................... 47 56 49 85 116 126 138 118 106 96 109 113 95 88 KOREA................... 5 10 9 25 34 38 42 46 43 30 38 41 38 43 NEW ZEALAND............. 49 53 34 55 48 52 58 61 59 48 48 41 38 42 SINGAPORE............... 13 15 19 25 32 37 43 47 45 42 38 39 37 34 SRI LANKA............... 4 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 .. TAIWAN.................. 6 10 11 26 31 33 34 33 32 28 29 30 28 25 AUSTRIA (3)............. 71 90 58 119 122 128 147 140 120 119 114 98 94 99 BELGIUM................. 101 133 69 129 131 140 161 154 131 131 125 109 102 107 DENMARK................. 99 110 62 121 118 124 145 144 127 128 126 109 107 114 FINLAND (4)............. 73 84 63 142 102 114 141 133 118 117 113 98 96 101 FRANCE.................. 71 91 58 104 101 102 113 108 94 94 90 79 77 82 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 99 124 73 146 152 158 184 176 150 147 141 124 118 123 GERMANY, UNIFIED .. .. .. .. 145 151 176 168 144 141 135 118 113 118 GREECE.................. 27 38 28 45 44 46 53 53 49 47 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 48 61 46 79 73 75 80 80 76 73 71 63 64 71 ITALY................... 73 83 59 117 96 94 94 100 92 88 83 71 67 70 LUXEMBOURG.............. 98 117 58 108 111 119 136 128 109 106 104 90 84 89 NETHERLANDS............. 103 122 67 121 121 124 140 131 114 115 112 98 96 102 NORWAY.................. 106 117 80 144 122 124 142 142 130 129 128 114 112 128 PORTUGAL................ 25 21 12 25 27 27 31 32 29 29 28 24 .. .. SPAIN................... 40 60 36 76 70 68 74 76 66 65 63 55 53 56 SWEDEN.................. 113 127 74 140 107 110 125 138 121 118 113 102 89 95 SWITZERLAND............. 96 112 74 140 137 148 170 160 132 131 123 108 106 113 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 53 77 48 85 75 76 80 80 85 90 89 83 78 82 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Hong Kong special administrative region of China. (2) Average of selected manufacturing industries. (3) Excluding handicraft manufacturers. Excluding all printing & publishing and miscellaneous manufacturing. (4) Including mining & electrical power plants. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN U.S. DOLLARS PAGE 6 ALL MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 6.36 9.87 13.01 14.91 16.51 16.87 17.19 17.70 18.29 18.63 19.10 19.76 20.60 21.33 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.79 5.85 5.61 3.43 3.56 2.97 2.57 CANADA.................. 5.96 8.67 10.95 15.95 16.55 15.88 16.10 16.64 16.47 15.60 15.58 16.04 15.80 16.02 MEXICO.................. 1.47 2.21 1.59 1.58 2.40 2.46 1.65 1.58 1.70 1.64 1.83 2.08 2.33 2.38 AUSTRALIA............... 5.62 8.47 8.21 13.24 12.70 14.28 15.56 17.22 16.91 15.22 15.99 14.47 13.34 15.55 HONG KONG SAR (1,2)..... 0.76 1.51 1.73 3.23 4.37 4.70 4.91 5.23 5.52 5.57 5.54 5.63 5.96 5.83 ISRAEL.................. 2.25 3.79 4.06 8.55 8.82 9.19 10.54 11.32 12.04 12.02 11.91 12.86 13.53 12.14 JAPAN................... 3.00 5.52 6.34 12.70 19.11 21.23 23.73 20.80 19.40 17.91 20.83 22.27 19.61 18.83 KOREA................... 0.32 0.96 1.23 3.71 5.64 6.40 7.29 8.22 7.86 5.67 7.35 8.19 7.82 9.16 NEW ZEALAND............. 3.15 5.22 4.38 8.17 7.85 8.75 9.91 10.81 10.80 9.01 9.14 8.13 7.74 8.89 SINGAPORE............... 0.84 1.49 2.47 3.78 5.25 6.25 7.33 8.27 8.24 7.82 7.28 7.63 7.56 7.27 SRI LANKA............... 0.28 0.22 0.28 0.35 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.48 0.46 0.47 0.46 0.48 0.42 .. TAIWAN.................. 0.38 1.02 1.49 3.90 5.19 5.49 5.85 5.87 5.80 5.18 5.51 5.85 5.70 5.41 AUSTRIA (3)............. 4.51 8.88 7.58 17.75 20.16 21.55 25.32 24.80 21.97 22.21 21.86 19.46 19.38 21.08 BELGIUM................. 6.41 13.11 8.97 19.17 21.70 23.62 27.62 27.22 23.98 24.31 23.92 21.59 21.04 22.79 DENMARK................. 6.28 10.83 8.13 18.04 19.46 20.85 24.98 25.42 23.23 23.90 24.11 21.49 21.98 24.23 FINLAND (4)............. 4.66 8.33 8.25 21.25 16.79 19.24 24.32 23.62 21.53 21.89 21.55 19.45 19.86 21.56 FRANCE.................. 4.52 8.94 7.52 15.49 16.61 17.26 19.38 19.10 17.24 17.53 17.24 15.70 15.91 17.42 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 6.29 12.21 9.50 21.81 25.13 26.66 31.57 31.10 27.52 27.48 26.87 24.42 24.24 26.19 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. 24.00 25.46 30.26 29.74 26.35 26.31 25.73 23.38 23.24 25.08 GREECE.................. 1.69 3.73 3.66 6.76 7.19 7.69 9.06 9.42 9.04 8.75 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 3.05 6.03 5.99 11.81 12.06 12.58 13.78 14.13 13.83 13.58 13.61 12.50 13.28 15.08 ITALY................... 4.67 8.15 7.63 17.45 15.80 15.89 16.22 17.75 16.79 16.35 15.88 14.01 13.78 14.93 LUXEMBOURG.............. 6.26 11.54 7.49 16.04 18.24 20.08 23.45 22.65 19.88 19.84 19.79 17.71 17.37 18.91 NETHERLANDS............. 6.58 12.06 8.75 18.06 20.04 20.96 24.12 23.23 20.82 21.40 21.46 19.44 19.75 21.74 NORWAY.................. 6.77 11.59 10.37 21.47 20.21 20.97 24.38 25.05 23.72 24.07 24.45 22.44 23.13 27.40 PORTUGAL................ 1.58 2.06 1.53 3.77 4.50 4.60 5.37 5.58 5.38 5.48 5.35 4.75 .. .. SPAIN................... 2.53 5.89 4.66 11.38 11.59 11.49 12.80 13.41 12.16 12.06 12.03 10.78 10.88 12.04 SWEDEN.................. 7.18 12.51 9.66 20.93 17.59 18.62 21.44 24.37 22.22 22.02 21.61 20.14 18.35 20.18 SWITZERLAND............. 6.09 11.09 9.66 20.86 22.63 24.91 29.30 28.34 24.19 24.38 23.56 21.24 21.84 24.11 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 3.37 7.56 6.27 12.70 12.45 12.88 13.78 14.24 15.57 16.75 17.04 16.45 16.15 17.47 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Hong Kong special administrative region of China. (2) Average of selected manufacturing industries. (3) Excluding handicraft manufacturers. Excluding all printing & publishing and miscellaneous manufacturing. (4) Including mining & electrical power plants. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN NATIONAL CURRENCY PAGE 7 ALL MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 6.36 9.87 13.01 14.91 16.51 16.87 17.19 17.70 18.29 18.63 19.10 19.76 20.60 21.33 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.82 6.31 6.51 6.24 6.51 6.98 7.51 CANADA.................. 6.06 10.13 14.95 18.62 21.35 21.69 22.10 22.69 22.81 23.15 23.16 23.84 24.48 25.16 MEXICO.................. 18.35 50.73 409 4440 7.49 8.32 10.57 12.03 13.43 15.03 17.46 19.71 21.77 23.00 AUSTRALIA............... 4.30 7.43 11.73 16.96 18.69 19.52 21.00 21.99 22.75 24.19 24.77 24.89 25.82 28.60 HONG KONG SAR (1,2)..... 3.73 7.50 13.46 25.13 33.79 36.30 37.97 40.45 42.75 43.15 42.96 43.83 46.52 45.50 ISRAEL.................. 1.44 19.42 4.79 17.24 24.97 27.66 31.73 36.14 41.52 45.67 49.32 52.43 56.90 57.54 JAPAN................... 889 1245 1512 1842 2123 2170 2230 2263 2350 2346 2368 2401 2384 2357 KOREA................... 157 583 1074 2623 4531 5141 5620 6611 7471 7936 8745 9265 10097 11454 NEW ZEALAND............. 2.60 5.37 8.80 13.70 14.49 14.75 15.10 15.72 16.29 16.79 17.26 17.80 18.41 19.13 SINGAPORE............... 2.00 3.20 5.43 6.85 8.49 9.55 10.39 11.66 12.25 13.08 12.34 13.16 13.55 13.03 SRI LANKA............... 1.97 3.58 7.58 14.05 20.20 22.32 24.45 26.49 26.86 30.10 32.60 36.79 40.11 .. TAIWAN.................. 14.37 36.59 59.46 105.0 137.1 145.3 155.1 161.1 166.9 174.0 178.1 182.7 192.9 186.9 AUSTRIA (3)............. 78.46 114.8 156.8 201.1 234.7 245.9 255.2 262.6 268.2 275.0 20.52 21.08 21.65 22.30 BELGIUM................. 235.1 382.9 532.4 640.6 750.3 789.5 814.0 842.9 858.8 882.8 22.45 23.39 23.51 24.11 DENMARK................. 36.00 60.98 86.18 111.6 126.2 132.5 139.9 147.5 153.5 160.2 168.5 174.0 183.2 191.1 FINLAND (4)............. 17.08 30.97 51.10 81.37 96.11 100.7 106.4 108.6 111.9 117.0 20.23 21.07 22.19 22.81 FRANCE.................. 19.34 37.73 67.49 84.38 94.14 95.71 96.63 97.72 100.7 103.4 16.18 17.00 17.77 18.42 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 15.43 22.17 27.95 35.27 41.60 43.24 45.20 46.81 47.75 48.36 25.23 26.45 27.07 27.70 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. 39.72 41.29 43.33 44.76 45.71 46.31 24.15 25.33 25.96 26.53 GREECE.................. 54.60 159.1 505.5 1071 1649 1865 2099 2268 2470 2586 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 1.37 2.93 5.62 7.13 8.23 8.40 8.59 8.83 9.12 9.53 12.77 13.54 14.83 15.96 ITALY................... 3048 6966 14563 20900 24858 25591 26425 27394 28614 28408 14.91 15.17 15.39 15.79 LUXEMBOURG.............. 230.2 337.5 445.0 536.2 631.2 672.0 691.4 701.1 711.1 720.2 18.58 19.18 19.40 20.01 NETHERLANDS............. 16.59 23.93 29.04 32.90 37.23 38.12 38.68 39.17 40.66 42.47 20.14 21.05 22.07 22.99 NORWAY.................. 35.29 57.20 89.11 134.3 143.5 147.9 154.4 161.8 168.1 181.7 190.9 197.8 208.1 218.7 PORTUGAL................ 40.26 103.3 263.4 538.1 724.1 763.1 804.4 860.4 943.6 988.1 5.02 5.15 .. .. SPAIN................... 145.0 421.6 792.2 1161 1478 1539 1595 1699 1781 1802 11.29 11.67 12.16 12.74 SWEDEN.................. 29.73 52.91 83.12 124.0 137.2 143.6 153.1 163.5 169.9 175.1 178.8 184.8 189.8 196.2 SWITZERLAND............. 15.72 18.57 23.71 29.00 33.45 34.06 34.61 35.03 35.10 35.37 35.45 35.90 36.88 37.54 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 1.52 3.25 4.84 7.12 8.29 8.41 8.73 9.12 9.50 10.11 10.54 10.85 11.22 11.64 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Hong Kong special administrative region of China. (2) Average of selected manufacturing industries. (3) Excluding handicraft manufacturers. Excluding all printing & publishing and miscellaneous manufacturing. (4) Including mining & electrical power plants. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004