HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 30 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 40 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, 1975-2002 FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31) IMPORTANT NOTE: DATA IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE INTRODUCTION AND IN THE COUNTRY NOTES. THE INTRODUCTION AND COUNTRY NOTES CAN BE ACCESSED AT: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ForeignLabor/indnotes.txt. General Notes: The measures for total manufacturing were published in news release USDL 03-507, "International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 2002," September 26, 2003. The measures for individual manufacturing industries are less reliable than the total manufacturing data because there are more technical limitations associated with them. For more information about limitations, see the Technical Notes and Country Notes. The measures in these tables are shown according to the U.S. 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for every U.S. two-digit level industry and selected three-digit industries. Data are also shown for two-digit level International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 2 industry groups. Currently, data are unavailable for the latest years for several countries in which there have been recent changes in wage surveys or in industrial classification. Additional revisions to this database will be made on an SIC basis. In the future, this database will be converted to a NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) basis. Note: Hourly compensation costs in national currency for countries that are members of the European Monetary Union (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) are expressed in the national currency used in each country prior to the implementation of the euro for 1975-1998, and in euros for 1999-2002. More information about national currency units and exchange rates used in these tables is on page 136. .. Data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity And Technology, May 18, 2004. HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100 PAGE 8 FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 27 25 16 15 12 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 85 107 99 92 90 92 89 83 81 81 78 77 MEXICO.................. .. .. 11 10 13 14 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 AUSTRALIA............... 95 91 65 93 84 91 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ISRAEL.................. 34 33 25 49 44 47 53 55 57 56 54 56 57 50 JAPAN................... 42 50 41 75 96 105 114 97 86 77 87 90 75 72 KOREA................... 6 12 11 27 35 36 41 45 43 30 39 43 40 44 TAIWAN.................. 6 11 13 31 36 38 39 39 39 33 36 37 36 34 AUSTRIA................. 77 96 64 133 134 142 163 159 140 138 132 111 105 111 BELGIUM................. 101 134 69 130 131 138 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 116 124 72 141 137 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 71 83 62 138 95 #110 #135 131 116 115 111 97 95 104 FRANCE.................. 74 98 62 113 109 112 123 119 106 106 102 91 89 94 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 93 114 68 135 139 146 169 160 138 134 129 114 110 116 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 127 122 108 104 110 GREECE.................. 26 35 29 46 44 46 54 56 53 51 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 57 68 53 90 80 83 91 89 86 81 80 74 77 88 ITALY................... 84 93 66 134 108 109 105 112 104 98 94 81 77 81 NETHERLANDS............. 110 130 75 138 139 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 113 78 147 126 128 147 147 135 134 135 120 120 140 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 81 72 69 76 78 68 69 67 57 57 61 SWEDEN.................. 118 132 77 147 111 #117 130 143 127 124 120 109 97 103 SWITZERLAND............. 93 112 76 147 143 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 53 76 50 90 80 80 83 85 88 93 92 85 81 86 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN U.S. DOLLARS PAGE 9 FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 5.84 9.17 11.97 13.57 15.12 15.39 15.63 15.97 16.33 16.66 16.90 17.36 17.89 18.44 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.17 4.43 4.19 2.65 2.59 2.18 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 10.24 14.52 14.90 14.18 14.08 14.68 14.57 13.75 13.76 14.04 14.01 14.25 MEXICO.................. .. .. 1.32 1.35 2.04 2.12 1.23 1.27 1.41 1.42 1.64 1.93 2.22 2.36 AUSTRALIA............... 5.52 8.30 7.80 12.57 12.64 13.99 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ISRAEL.................. 2.01 3.07 3.00 6.64 6.64 7.17 8.23 8.71 9.34 9.33 9.12 9.69 10.24 9.25 JAPAN................... 2.46 4.55 4.95 10.18 14.49 16.17 17.88 15.48 14.11 12.87 14.76 15.60 13.35 13.31 KOREA................... 0.36 1.13 1.29 3.71 5.27 5.56 6.42 7.24 7.03 4.95 6.57 7.48 7.16 8.18 TAIWAN.................. 0.38 1.05 1.61 4.19 5.45 5.92 6.17 6.25 6.33 5.53 6.11 6.39 6.39 6.23 AUSTRIA................. 4.52 8.77 7.71 18.08 20.24 21.90 25.49 25.45 22.90 22.94 22.26 19.33 18.85 20.41 BELGIUM................. 5.89 12.27 8.28 17.65 19.83 21.23 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 6.77 11.38 8.64 19.19 20.77 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 4.16 7.63 7.39 18.80 14.37 #16.99 #21.12 20.97 19.00 19.14 18.84 16.84 17.04 19.11 FRANCE.................. 4.34 8.98 7.44 15.29 16.53 17.17 19.28 19.08 17.24 17.61 17.29 15.79 15.87 17.34 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 5.44 10.47 8.09 18.31 21.00 22.47 26.45 25.50 22.56 22.39 21.87 19.86 19.76 21.43 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21.18 20.70 18.77 18.69 20.21 GREECE.................. 1.53 3.25 3.48 6.26 6.64 7.14 8.48 8.95 8.71 8.43 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 3.32 6.26 6.37 12.15 12.17 12.72 14.15 14.21 14.01 13.47 13.57 12.81 13.78 16.19 ITALY................... 4.89 8.52 7.87 18.17 16.32 16.70 16.48 17.94 16.96 16.27 15.92 14.01 13.75 14.86 NETHERLANDS............. 6.40 11.92 9.03 18.79 20.99 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 10.35 9.35 19.97 18.99 19.66 22.94 23.43 22.11 22.28 22.87 20.87 21.53 25.88 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 10.93 10.95 10.69 11.87 12.53 11.03 11.44 11.25 9.94 10.16 11.34 SWEDEN.................. 6.87 12.10 9.25 19.93 16.86 #17.97 20.33 22.87 20.74 20.63 20.20 18.89 17.40 18.99 SWITZERLAND............. 5.44 10.24 9.10 19.92 21.66 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 3.08 7.02 6.01 12.17 12.04 12.26 13.01 13.52 14.40 15.43 15.54 14.73 14.43 15.78 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN NATIONAL CURRENCY PAGE 10 FOOD, BEVERAGES, AND TOBACCO MANUFACTURING (US SIC 20 & 21 & ISIC 31) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 5.84 9.17 11.97 13.57 15.12 15.39 15.63 15.97 16.33 16.66 16.90 17.36 17.89 18.44 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.19 4.78 4.86 4.82 4.75 5.13 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 13.98 16.95 19.21 19.37 19.33 20.02 20.17 20.41 20.44 20.87 21.70 22.36 MEXICO.................. .. .. 339.4 3789 #6.36 7.14 7.90 9.62 11.17 13.02 15.69 18.22 20.70 22.77 AUSTRALIA............... 4.22 7.28 11.15 16.11 18.59 19.13 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ISRAEL.................. 1.28 15.73 #3.53 13.38 18.80 21.57 24.78 27.79 32.21 35.44 37.77 39.52 43.06 43.81 JAPAN................... 728.9 1026 1181 1477 1609 1653 1680 1684 1709 1686 1679 1682 1623 1666 KOREA................... 174.3 689.1 1123 2628 4233 4471 4954 5824 6688 6933 7819 8462 9249 10230 TAIWAN.................. 14.36 37.86 63.99 112.7 143.9 156.6 163.5 171.7 182.1 185.7 197.4 199.8 216.1 215.3 AUSTRIA................. 78.57 113.3 159.5 204.8 235.6 249.8 257.0 269.5 279.6 284.0 #20.89 20.93 21.06 21.59 BELGIUM................. 216.2 358.2 491.5 589.9 685.7 709.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 38.83 64.07 91.55 118.8 134.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 15.24 28.38 45.81 72.00 82.25 #88.94 #92.42 96.36 98.72 102.3 #17.69 18.24 19.03 20.21 FRANCE.................. 18.59 37.92 66.79 83.29 93.68 95.21 96.14 97.60 100.7 103.9 #16.23 17.10 17.73 18.34 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 13.36 19.00 23.80 29.61 34.76 36.44 37.88 38.37 39.14 39.41 #20.53 21.51 22.07 22.67 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37.28 #19.43 20.34 20.88 21.38 GREECE.................. 49.28 138.6 480.0 992.0 1523 1731 1966 2155 2379 2491 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 1.49 3.04 5.97 7.33 8.31 8.50 8.83 8.88 9.24 9.46 #12.74 13.87 15.39 17.13 ITALY................... 3190 7283 15029 21772 25678 26911 26853 27687 28896 28264 #14.95 15.17 15.36 15.72 NETHERLANDS............. 16.14 23.67 29.97 34.24 38.99 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 51.09 80.34 124.9 134.8 138.7 145.4 151.4 156.6 168.3 178.5 184.0 193.7 206.6 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 1115 1396 1432 1479 1587 1616 1709 #10.56 10.76 11.34 11.99 SWEDEN.................. 28.44 51.17 79.57 118.1 131.4 #138.7 145.2 153.4 158.6 164.1 #167.2 173.3 179.9 184.5 SWITZERLAND............. 14.05 17.16 22.35 27.68 32.02 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 1.39 3.02 4.63 6.82 8.02 8.00 8.24 8.66 8.79 9.31 9.61 9.72 10.02 10.51 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004