HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 30 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 40 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, 1975-2002 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 26) IMPORTANT NOTE: DATA IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE INTRODUCTION AND IN THE COUNTRY NOTES. THE INTRODUCTION AND COUNTRY NOTES CAN BE ACCESSED AT: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ForeignLabor/indnotes.txt. General Notes: The measures for total manufacturing were published in news release USDL 03-507, "International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 2002," September 26, 2003. The measures for individual manufacturing industries are less reliable than the total manufacturing data because there are more technical limitations associated with them. For more information about limitations, see the Technical Notes and Country Notes. The measures in these tables are shown according to the U.S. 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for every U.S. two-digit level industry and selected three-digit industries. Data are also shown for two-digit level International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 2 industry groups. Currently, data are unavailable for the latest years for several countries in which there have been recent changes in wage surveys or in industrial classification. Additional revisions to this database will be made on an SIC basis. In the future, this database will be converted to a NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) basis. Note: Hourly compensation costs in national currency for countries that are members of the European Monetary Union (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) are expressed in the national currency used in each country prior to the implementation of the euro for 1975-1998, and in euros for 1999-2002. More information about national currency units and exchange rates used in these tables is on page 136. .. Data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity And Technology, May 18, 2004. HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100 PAGE 38 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 26) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 35 32 19 21 16 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 95 119 114 107 107 106 103 96 94 93 86 81 MEXICO.................. .. .. 11 11 15 14 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 11 ISRAEL.................. 32 33 23 42 42 43 48 49 52 49 46 47 46 38 JAPAN................... 50 54 45 80 106 116 125 106 98 85 95 97 83 76 KOREA................... 6 10 9 22 29 32 35 37 37 28 36 39 35 39 TAIWAN.................. 7 11 12 24 27 30 31 30 28 24 25 26 24 21 AUSTRIA................. 74 89 54 116 114 120 137 135 115 112 109 94 86 90 BELGIUM................. 99 121 60 114 117 121 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 99 110 60 117 114 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 84 95 69 149 110 #123 #154 148 135 133 132 115 111 117 FRANCE.................. 77 93 53 98 96 98 106 102 90 89 86 75 71 75 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 89 109 60 122 125 130 150 143 124 119 115 101 95 98 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 116 111 98 91 95 GREECE.................. 24 35 25 40 37 39 42 43 39 37 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 48 60 41 75 68 70 77 76 71 68 71 58 57 62 ITALY................... 81 85 55 111 89 87 88 93 86 81 77 66 60 63 NETHERLANDS............. 110 118 62 114 118 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 109 69 126 105 107 125 127 116 112 113 103 96 105 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 71 63 61 66 67 60 60 58 51 49 50 SWEDEN.................. 118 130 73 140 106 #111 125 141 125 119 116 104 89 93 SWITZERLAND............. 88 100 64 124 118 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 46 64 40 73 68 70 73 78 83 85 84 78 72 74 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN U.S. DOLLARS PAGE 39 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 26) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 6.52 10.68 15.00 17.26 19.14 19.51 20.09 20.61 21.07 21.72 22.12 22.91 24.38 25.39 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.64 7.45 6.94 4.30 4.73 3.85 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 14.23 20.55 21.78 20.87 21.58 21.84 21.76 20.89 20.76 21.24 21.06 20.66 MEXICO.................. .. .. 1.68 1.84 2.81 2.64 1.54 1.57 1.79 1.77 2.02 2.32 2.66 2.69 ISRAEL.................. 2.10 3.48 3.42 7.33 7.99 8.39 9.57 10.16 10.94 10.70 10.25 10.85 11.20 9.73 JAPAN................... 3.24 5.73 6.80 13.78 20.36 22.59 25.16 21.90 20.66 18.55 21.02 22.29 20.15 19.21 KOREA................... 0.37 1.05 1.28 3.85 5.48 6.21 7.05 7.68 7.85 6.11 7.86 9.04 8.52 9.96 TAIWAN.................. 0.46 1.23 1.78 4.18 5.26 5.76 6.27 6.10 5.93 5.14 5.53 6.01 5.90 5.35 AUSTRIA................. 4.84 9.55 8.16 20.07 21.81 23.36 27.60 27.82 24.15 24.33 24.22 21.43 21.05 22.83 BELGIUM................. 6.49 12.92 9.06 19.59 22.31 23.58 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 6.49 11.71 9.05 20.26 21.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 5.51 10.12 10.42 25.75 21.05 #23.99 #30.94 30.48 28.38 28.96 29.13 26.35 27.15 29.60 FRANCE.................. 5.02 9.91 7.90 16.94 18.37 19.15 21.38 20.98 19.05 19.35 18.98 17.19 17.43 19.08 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 5.78 11.65 8.93 21.08 23.87 25.42 30.21 29.37 26.04 25.86 25.33 23.23 23.05 24.99 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25.10 24.56 22.48 22.30 24.18 GREECE.................. 1.59 3.72 3.77 6.86 7.15 7.54 8.42 8.77 8.27 7.93 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 3.13 6.40 6.09 12.86 13.05 13.72 15.43 15.75 14.98 14.83 15.65 13.23 13.85 15.78 ITALY................... 5.28 9.06 8.18 19.19 16.96 16.99 17.63 19.20 18.14 17.50 17.04 15.01 14.66 15.90 NETHERLANDS............. 7.18 12.60 9.31 19.74 22.54 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 11.65 10.30 21.82 20.14 20.96 25.04 26.21 24.44 24.42 25.01 23.52 23.48 26.62 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 12.17 12.01 11.81 13.31 13.89 12.64 12.96 12.86 11.68 11.91 12.77 SWEDEN.................. 7.71 13.90 10.96 24.11 20.26 #21.63 25.08 29.04 26.33 25.82 25.59 23.82 21.72 23.68 SWITZERLAND............. 5.73 10.64 9.56 21.35 22.67 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 2.99 6.85 5.96 12.53 13.10 13.72 14.74 16.03 17.51 18.39 18.56 17.85 17.49 18.72 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN NATIONAL CURRENCY PAGE 40 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS MANUFACTURING (US SIC 26) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 6.52 10.68 15.00 17.26 19.14 19.51 20.09 20.61 21.07 21.72 22.12 22.91 24.38 25.39 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.68 8.03 8.05 7.83 8.65 9.07 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 19.44 23.99 28.10 28.50 29.63 29.79 30.14 31.00 30.84 31.56 32.62 32.44 MEXICO.................. .. .. 430.4 5166 #8.74 8.90 9.91 11.91 14.16 16.19 19.26 21.91 24.80 26.04 ISRAEL.................. 1.34 17.84 #4.03 14.78 22.61 25.27 28.81 32.43 37.73 40.64 42.43 44.25 47.11 46.10 JAPAN................... 962.5 1294 1622 1999 2262 2309 2364 2383 2502 2430 2390 2403 2451 2405 KOREA................... 179.9 638.7 1111 2723 4401 4990 5436 6176 7460 8550 9359 10219 11006 12445 TAIWAN.................. 17.66 44.21 70.95 112.5 139.0 152.5 166.0 167.4 170.7 172.6 178.6 188.0 199.6 184.9 AUSTRIA................. 84.19 123.4 168.8 227.4 253.9 266.5 278.2 294.6 294.8 301.2 #22.73 23.21 23.51 24.15 BELGIUM................. 238.1 377.3 537.6 654.8 771.4 788.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 37.20 65.89 95.89 125.4 141.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 20.20 37.65 64.60 98.64 120.5 #125.6 #135.4 140.1 147.5 154.8 #27.35 28.55 30.33 31.31 FRANCE.................. 21.48 41.84 70.90 92.26 104.1 106.2 106.6 107.3 111.2 114.1 #17.82 18.62 19.47 20.18 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 14.20 21.14 26.28 34.09 39.51 41.23 43.26 44.20 45.18 45.52 #23.78 25.16 25.75 26.44 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44.17 #23.06 24.35 24.92 25.58 GREECE.................. 51.34 158.6 520.0 1087 1640 1829 1952 2112 2257 2345 .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 1.41 3.11 5.71 7.76 8.91 9.17 9.62 9.85 9.88 10.41 #14.69 14.33 15.47 16.69 ITALY................... 3442 7749 15616 22993 26677 27366 28722 29623 30905 30399 #15.99 16.26 16.38 16.82 NETHERLANDS............. 18.12 25.02 30.89 35.97 41.88 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 57.49 88.49 136.5 143.0 147.9 158.7 169.3 173.2 184.4 195.3 207.3 211.2 212.5 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 1242 1530 1582 1659 1760 1851 1936 #12.07 12.65 13.31 13.51 SWEDEN.................. 31.93 58.79 94.30 142.8 157.9 #166.9 179.1 194.8 201.3 205.3 #211.7 218.6 224.6 230.1 SWITZERLAND............. 14.78 17.82 23.48 29.68 33.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 1.35 2.95 4.59 7.02 8.73 8.96 9.34 10.27 10.69 11.10 11.48 11.77 12.15 12.47 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004