HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 30 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 40 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, SELECTED YEARS, 1975-2002 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 27) IMPORTANT NOTE: DATA IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE INTRODUCTION AND IN THE COUNTRY NOTES. THE INTRODUCTION AND COUNTRY NOTES CAN BE ACCESSED AT: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ForeignLabor/indnotes.txt. General Notes: The measures for total manufacturing were published in news release USDL 03-507, "International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 2002," September 26, 2003. The measures for individual manufacturing industries are less reliable than the total manufacturing data because there are more technical limitations associated with them. For more information about limitations, see the Technical Notes and Country Notes. The measures in these tables are shown according to the U.S. 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) for every U.S. two-digit level industry and selected three-digit industries. Data are also shown for two-digit level International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 2 industry groups. Currently, data are unavailable for the latest years for several countries in which there have been recent changes in wage surveys or in industrial classification. Additional revisions to this database will be made on an SIC basis. In the future, this database will be converted to a NAICS (North American Industry Classification System) basis. Note: Hourly compensation costs in national currency for countries that are members of the European Monetary Union (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) are expressed in the national currency used in each country prior to the implementation of the euro for 1975-1998, and in euros for 1999-2002. More information about national currency units and exchange rates used in these tables is on page 136. .. Data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity And Technology, May 18, 2004. HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100 PAGE 41 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 27) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 45 43 26 27 21 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 81 99 99 87 87 87 84 78 71 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 12 9 14 15 9 9 10 10 11 13 14 15 HONG KONG SAR (1)....... 12 19 18 29 38 42 45 47 50 49 45 45 47 43 ISRAEL.................. 34 39 30 63 60 61 72 78 78 72 64 69 70 60 JAPAN................... 46 59 56 91 125 137 151 133 118 101 112 119 102 94 KOREA................... 7 14 13 28 38 41 46 51 53 36 49 47 47 47 TAIWAN.................. .. 13 14 30 39 41 44 44 42 36 36 37 35 30 BELGIUM................. 113 151 79 149 151 156 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 117 154 86 150 155 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 71 91 72 153 107 #119 #144 143 122 122 117 99 95 100 FRANCE.................. 86 107 73 139 137 141 156 152 132 129 123 108 105 112 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 100 136 79 156 168 176 212 202 171 165 157 139 134 140 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 161 153 136 131 137 GREECE.................. 30 51 31 48 46 50 58 60 55 52 .. .. .. .. ITALY................... 88 99 72 147 121 120 118 128 117 110 103 88 85 89 NETHERLANDS............. 104 131 74 137 139 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 143 113 196 168 168 192 192 177 175 171 154 153 172 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 78 74 74 80 78 73 72 68 59 55 59 SWEDEN.................. 123 152 87 159 123 #128 143 159 136 129 124 112 99 106 SWITZERLAND............. 104 143 97 175 168 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 55 90 65 109 93 101 104 104 111 114 111 104 99 103 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Hong Kong special administrative region of China. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN U.S. DOLLARS PAGE 42 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 27) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 6.67 9.65 12.57 14.74 15.91 16.07 16.29 16.58 17.19 17.66 18.25 18.69 19.25 19.78 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.19 7.73 7.62 4.67 5.04 4.04 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 10.15 14.64 15.74 14.05 14.13 14.48 14.51 13.70 12.94 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 1.49 1.36 2.31 2.41 1.41 1.45 1.70 1.82 2.07 2.42 2.73 2.89 HONG KONG SAR (1)....... 0.81 1.86 2.22 4.24 6.02 6.73 7.35 7.84 8.55 8.65 8.26 8.46 9.00 8.53 ISRAEL.................. 2.25 3.81 3.83 9.30 9.55 9.85 11.73 12.97 13.37 12.64 11.71 12.88 13.52 11.92 JAPAN................... 3.04 5.65 7.01 13.39 19.91 21.98 24.57 22.06 20.22 17.84 20.43 22.15 19.67 18.66 KOREA................... 0.43 1.31 1.69 4.19 6.00 6.55 7.53 8.38 9.03 6.34 8.97 8.86 9.00 9.31 TAIWAN.................. .. 1.28 1.78 4.39 6.22 6.56 7.13 7.23 7.15 6.39 6.57 7.00 6.83 6.02 BELGIUM................. 7.51 14.52 9.95 21.95 23.96 25.14 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 7.81 14.90 10.82 22.16 24.61 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 4.72 8.81 9.04 22.57 16.98 #19.18 #23.50 23.70 21.00 21.47 21.33 18.53 18.25 19.79 FRANCE.................. 5.76 10.32 9.16 20.41 21.76 22.71 25.49 25.26 22.64 22.86 22.38 20.13 20.23 22.22 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 6.69 13.09 9.95 23.02 26.69 28.32 34.60 33.50 29.32 29.15 28.61 26.04 25.86 27.78 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28.51 27.97 25.45 25.29 27.07 GREECE.................. 1.98 4.96 3.91 7.01 7.40 8.02 9.50 9.90 9.43 9.09 .. .. .. .. ITALY................... 5.84 9.51 9.10 21.61 19.20 19.32 19.16 21.22 20.13 19.41 18.74 16.53 16.32 17.65 NETHERLANDS............. 6.97 12.68 9.27 20.14 22.09 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 13.79 14.16 28.89 26.71 26.97 31.31 31.81 30.34 30.84 31.18 28.70 29.52 33.95 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 11.48 11.82 11.84 13.06 12.88 12.46 12.70 12.35 10.97 10.50 11.59 SWEDEN.................. 8.18 14.67 10.88 23.43 19.55 #20.59 23.28 26.32 23.34 22.85 22.59 20.88 19.04 20.99 SWITZERLAND............. 6.93 13.80 12.24 25.85 26.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 3.65 8.70 8.15 16.04 14.81 16.26 17.01 17.27 19.02 20.10 20.16 19.50 19.10 20.37 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Hong Kong special administrative region of China. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN NATIONAL CURRENCY PAGE 43 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING (US SIC 27) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 6.67 9.65 12.57 14.74 15.91 16.07 16.29 16.58 17.19 17.66 18.25 18.69 19.25 19.78 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.22 8.33 8.85 8.50 9.23 9.50 .. CANADA.................. .. .. 13.87 17.09 20.31 19.20 19.40 19.76 20.10 20.33 19.22 .. .. .. MEXICO.................. .. .. 382.8 3815 #7.19 8.12 9.08 11.04 13.48 16.67 19.75 22.92 25.48 27.91 HONG KONG SAR (1)....... 3.98 9.26 17.27 33.04 46.59 52.01 56.84 60.67 66.24 66.98 64.13 65.89 70.23 66.53 ISRAEL.................. 1.44 19.51 #4.52 18.74 27.03 29.65 35.33 41.41 46.11 48.04 48.48 52.51 56.87 56.49 JAPAN................... 903.1 1275 1672 1941 2212 2246 2308 2400 2449 2337 2323 2388 2392 2337 KOREA................... 210.1 793.1 1470 2964 4814 5261 5810 6744 8589 8879 10680 10020 11626 11633 TAIWAN.................. .. 46.24 71.03 118.1 164.4 173.6 188.9 198.5 205.8 214.5 212.3 218.7 231.1 208.0 BELGIUM................. 275.7 423.9 590.2 733.7 828.4 840.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. DENMARK................. 44.76 83.87 114.6 137.1 159.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 17.28 32.78 56.04 86.46 97.24 #100.4 #102.8 108.9 109.1 114.8 #20.02 20.07 20.39 20.93 FRANCE.................. 24.67 43.57 82.28 111.2 123.3 125.9 127.1 129.2 132.2 134.9 #21.01 21.80 22.60 23.50 GERMANY, FORMER WEST.... 16.42 23.75 29.26 37.23 44.18 45.94 49.55 50.42 50.88 51.30 #26.86 28.21 28.89 29.38 GERMANY, UNIFIED........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50.17 #26.25 27.57 28.26 28.63 GREECE.................. 64.07 211.6 540.6 1111 1696 1945 2201 2382 2576 2688 .. .. .. .. ITALY................... 3809 8130 17375 25892 30204 31125 31212 32746 34297 33708 #17.59 17.90 18.23 18.67 NETHERLANDS............. 17.59 25.17 30.76 36.70 41.04 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. .. 68.04 121.7 180.6 189.6 190.2 198.4 205.5 215.0 232.9 243.4 253.0 265.6 271.1 SPAIN................... .. .. .. 1171 1507 1586 1628 1632 1826 1898 #11.59 11.88 11.73 12.26 SWEDEN.................. 33.87 62.05 93.59 138.8 152.4 #158.9 166.2 176.6 178.4 181.7 #186.9 191.5 196.9 204.0 SWITZERLAND............. 17.90 23.11 30.05 35.94 39.63 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. UNITED KINGDOM.......... 1.64 3.74 6.28 8.99 9.86 10.62 10.77 11.06 11.61 12.13 12.47 12.87 13.27 13.56 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Hong Kong special administrative region of China. SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, May 2004