HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 33 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 22 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, 1992-2005 PAPER MANUFACTURING (NAICS 322) IMPORTANT NOTE: DATA IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE INTRODUCTION. THE INTRODUCTION CAN BE ACCESSED AT: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ForeignLabor/indnotesnaics.txt. General Notes: The measures for total manufacturing were published in news release USDL 06-2020, "International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 2005," November 30, 2006. For some countries, data for total manufacturing have been revised in these tables to reflect revisions subsequent to the news release. The measures for individual manufacturing industries are less reliable than the total manufacturing data because there are more technical limitations associated with them. For more information about limitations, see the Technical Notes. The measures in these tables are shown according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) for most NAICS 3-digit level industries; selected additional industry combinations are shown as well. These data as well as data on a U.S. 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis for selected years, 1975-2002, are available at https://www.bls.gov/fls. Note: Hourly compensation costs in national currency for countries that are members of the Euro area (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) are expressed in the national currency used in each country prior to the implementation of the euro for 1992-1998, and in euros for 1999-2005. More information about national currency units and exchange rates used in these tables is on page 6. Notations: .. Data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity And Technology, December 14, 2007. HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100 PAGE 31 PAPER MANUFACTURING (NAICS 322) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. 37 35 32 20 21 16 14 14 16 20 CANADA.................. 121 113 106 107 105 102 95 95 93 88 83 90 94 102 MEXICO.................. 14 15 16 10 9 9 8 9 9 10 9 9 8 9 AUSTRALIA............... .. .. 93 91 94 94 83 86 73 66 73 90 104 114 ISRAEL.................. 39 37 38 41 42 44 42 40 40 39 33 34 35 35 JAPAN................... 89 102 111 119 101 93 82 94 96 83 75 76 79 78 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF...... .. 29 34 36 38 38 29 37 41 34 38 38 39 47 TAIWAN.................. 34 32 35 37 35 34 25 27 28 26 23 20 21 21 AUSTRIA................. 125 117 122 140 137 115 111 110 93 88 92 111 120 121 BELGIUM................. .. .. .. 130 123 106 104 102 89 83 86 100 108 109 DENMARK................. 126 118 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 141 113 125 154 148 132 129 132 116 112 117 138 154 159 FRANCE.................. 106 97 99 108 103 90 87 84 72 70 73 86 93 94 GERMANY................. .. .. .. .. .. .. 112 109 94 89 91 107 113 113 GREECE.................. 42 40 41 44 44 40 37 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 78 70 72 78 78 72 70 72 60 60 65 80 90 88 ITALY................... 133 103 101 100 104 95 87 83 69 65 70 85 95 96 NETHERLANDS............. 123 119 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. 126 108 110 127 129 117 113 117 106 101 105 120 129 139 POLAND.................. .. .. .. .. .. 16 16 16 14 15 15 16 16 19 SPAIN................... 79 64 62 67 68 60 59 58 50 50 52 60 71 69 SWEDEN.................. 155 108 112 124 141 127 121 121 109 94 98 116 126 128 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 82 71 75 79 79 85 87 88 82 77 81 85 97 100 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, December 2007 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN U.S. DOLLARS PAGE 32 PAPER MANUFACTURING (NAICS 322) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 18.15 18.72 19.14 19.79 20.38 20.93 21.72 21.68 22.68 23.91 25.04 26.22 27.19 27.45 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. 7.56 7.39 6.93 4.28 4.73 3.93 3.41 3.70 4.28 5.44 CANADA.................. 21.90 21.18 20.35 21.09 21.34 21.37 20.69 20.68 21.17 20.98 20.90 23.72 25.48 28.08 MEXICO.................. 2.48 2.74 3.10 1.90 1.82 1.93 1.84 1.93 2.11 2.30 2.36 2.23 2.22 2.42 AUSTRALIA............... .. .. 17.73 17.94 19.24 19.57 18.11 18.67 16.67 15.85 18.24 23.66 28.21 31.34 ISRAEL.................. 7.01 6.86 7.20 8.13 8.58 9.29 9.11 8.67 9.15 9.44 8.32 8.86 9.44 9.65 JAPAN................... 16.21 19.09 21.20 23.63 20.65 19.55 17.87 20.45 21.86 19.83 18.68 19.83 21.61 21.39 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF...... .. 5.50 6.45 7.17 7.83 7.98 6.22 7.98 9.26 8.19 9.59 10.05 10.63 12.90 TAIWAN.................. 6.10 6.08 6.65 7.33 7.23 7.04 5.39 5.87 6.39 6.13 5.72 5.37 5.80 5.83 AUSTRIA................. 22.68 21.81 23.37 27.61 27.84 24.02 24.08 23.80 21.03 21.06 23.15 29.09 32.67 33.30 BELGIUM................. .. .. .. 25.66 25.10 22.13 22.52 22.08 20.17 19.73 21.41 26.23 29.42 30.04 DENMARK................. 22.82 22.01 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 25.63 21.24 23.96 30.55 30.11 27.64 28.01 28.54 26.21 26.66 29.42 36.21 41.81 43.61 FRANCE.................. 19.22 18.17 18.90 21.31 20.90 18.74 18.79 18.26 16.44 16.64 18.22 22.47 25.29 25.92 GERMANY................. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24.41 23.64 21.42 21.20 22.87 28.01 30.72 31.15 GREECE.................. 7.65 7.43 7.77 8.65 8.94 8.46 8.12 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 14.22 13.03 13.71 15.38 15.82 15.07 15.10 15.71 13.65 14.45 16.31 21.01 24.50 24.23 ITALY................... 24.13 19.32 19.25 19.76 21.28 19.83 18.87 18.00 15.65 15.63 17.45 22.41 25.70 26.32 NETHERLANDS............. 22.36 22.34 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. 22.88 20.14 20.96 25.04 26.21 24.44 24.56 25.31 23.94 24.08 26.21 31.40 34.93 38.14 POLAND.................. .. .. .. .. .. 3.34 3.47 3.43 3.09 3.67 3.87 4.23 4.43 5.11 SPAIN................... 14.31 12.00 11.81 13.31 13.88 12.58 12.84 12.68 11.44 11.94 13.11 15.77 19.42 18.94 SWEDEN.................. 28.12 20.23 21.40 24.57 28.72 26.48 26.24 26.19 24.63 22.51 24.51 30.35 34.28 35.03 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 14.79 13.34 14.38 15.64 16.04 17.75 18.87 19.11 18.55 18.40 20.18 22.40 26.39 27.35 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, December 2007 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN NATIONAL CURRENCY PAGE 33 PAPER MANUFACTURING (NAICS 322) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 18.15 18.72 19.14 19.79 20.38 20.93 21.72 21.68 22.68 23.91 25.04 26.22 27.19 27.45 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. 7.60 7.97 8.04 7.80 8.65 9.26 9.97 11.36 12.53 13.25 CANADA.................. 26.48 27.33 27.80 28.96 29.11 29.59 30.70 30.73 31.46 32.49 32.82 33.23 33.17 34.03 MEXICO.................. 7683 #8.54 10.45 12.20 13.82 15.30 16.86 18.47 19.99 21.47 22.80 24.10 25.09 26.31 AUSTRALIA............... .. .. 24.23 24.22 24.56 26.33 28.79 28.93 28.67 30.68 33.55 36.28 38.31 41.08 ISRAEL.................. 17.25 19.40 21.67 24.47 27.39 32.05 34.61 35.89 37.32 39.69 39.42 40.36 42.29 43.33 JAPAN................... 2055 2121 2167 2220 2246 2368 2340 2325 2356 2411 2339 2299 2338 2355 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF...... .. 4413 5185 5529 6296 7587 8710 9494 10468 10582 11988 11979 12167 13207 TAIWAN.................. 153.6 160.6 176.0 194.2 198.5 202.6 180.9 189.9 199.9 207.2 197.7 184.9 193.4 187.3 AUSTRIA................. 249.3 253.9 266.6 278.3 294.8 293.3 298.1 #22.34 22.78 23.53 24.49 25.69 26.26 26.75 BELGIUM................. .. .. .. 756.1 777.2 792.5 817.7 #20.73 21.84 22.05 22.65 23.17 23.65 24.13 DENMARK................. 137.8 142.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 115.0 121.6 125.4 133.7 138.4 143.6 149.7 #26.79 28.40 29.78 31.12 31.98 33.61 35.03 FRANCE.................. 101.8 103.0 104.8 106.3 106.9 109.4 110.9 #17.14 17.80 18.59 19.27 19.85 20.33 20.82 GERMANY................. .. .. .. .. .. .. 42.97 #22.20 23.20 23.69 24.19 24.75 24.70 25.02 GREECE.................. 1458 1703 1884 2004 2151 2310 2400 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IRELAND................. 8.35 8.89 9.16 9.59 9.89 9.94 10.60 #14.75 14.78 16.14 17.25 18.56 19.70 19.47 ITALY................... 29731 30389 31017 32196 32836 33791 32777 #16.90 16.95 17.46 18.46 19.80 20.66 21.14 NETHERLANDS............. 39.33 41.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. 142.2 143.0 147.9 158.7 169.3 173.2 185.5 197.6 211.0 216.6 209.3 222.3 235.5 245.6 POLAND.................. .. .. .. .. .. 10.97 12.07 13.61 13.44 15.01 15.80 16.44 16.19 16.55 SPAIN................... 1466 1530 1581 1659 1759 1843 1918 #11.90 12.39 13.34 13.87 13.93 15.62 15.22 SWEDEN.................. 163.8 157.7 165.1 175.5 192.7 202.4 208.7 216.7 225.9 232.7 238.2 245.3 251.9 261.7 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 8.38 8.89 9.39 9.91 10.28 10.84 11.38 11.82 12.24 12.78 13.44 13.70 14.40 15.01 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, December 2007