Table 1.1 Production Workers: Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1975-2009 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Australia 93.77 95.63 87.55 89.05 87.06 90.26 94.78 89.78 80.79 82.33 66.45 67.81 73.75 86.68 91.86 91.22 90.85 85.57 79.50 85.05 88.32 93.92 89.99 79.68 82.35 71.71 63.66 71.71 88.97 101.55 106.13 108.33 119.29 126.84 116.43 Austria 73.56 71.70 77.30 86.09 90.82 92.62 73.41 68.41 66.29 60.28 60.02 83.09 103.39 107.28 101.51 120.45 117.17 127.80 124.15 127.78 147.89 143.66 123.62 122.88 118.68 101.37 96.42 100.51 117.70 126.53 127.11 129.85 140.06 153.90 149.42 Belgium 102.37 101.79 111.23 124.70 131.50 133.26 105.45 85.56 78.81 71.24 70.71 94.76 114.96 118.34 112.03 131.87 129.85 140.89 134.88 143.23 164.35 156.69 135.14 134.64 129.12 113.16 106.66 111.41 134.52 148.57 144.69 147.13 156.59 171.75 163.40 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 32.60 31.91 29.91 18.05 18.02 14.59 12.09 12.41 13.83 17.75 21.01 23.84 27.06 26.00 Canada 103.33 111.62 104.29 95.21 92.53 93.23 93.40 94.77 97.61 94.17 89.32 88.37 93.75 102.55 108.62 111.73 115.62 111.79 105.12 98.45 97.44 97.40 93.82 87.22 86.38 85.04 79.33 77.45 87.86 95.71 102.91 109.10 115.18 116.17 100.80 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.36 11.82 14.71 16.58 15.33 16.12 15.50 14.44 15.28 17.96 21.29 23.91 25.73 28.52 32.65 40.36 36.29 Denmark 100.59 97.66 97.11 109.97 119.20 111.92 87.32 77.05 72.12 64.74 62.93 83.90 105.50 110.32 102.62 122.98 119.09 127.50 118.53 123.54 144.21 140.35 125.54 126.38 126.75 108.76 107.23 114.15 136.68 146.30 147.13 150.70 164.70 177.53 171.78 Finland 80.63 82.20 79.10 75.74 81.62 87.87 77.41 71.07 64.14 63.53 64.41 81.76 99.92 113.69 118.00 139.00 132.02 118.70 95.60 107.13 131.84 124.63 109.37 104.01 103.07 89.86 87.52 92.40 109.94 122.64 121.53 125.54 133.88 146.84 140.79 France 76.20 72.89 73.44 82.77 90.73 96.45 78.11 70.80 67.62 61.82 61.49 82.27 96.07 98.95 93.68 108.72 104.86 113.93 104.57 105.27 116.09 111.46 97.67 96.78 92.87 80.90 78.06 81.75 96.20 105.05 105.74 107.87 115.16 125.04 116.14 Germany 83.36 81.36 86.33 96.88 104.04 103.95 80.29 73.68 70.51 62.57 61.51 84.15 104.28 109.43 103.21 121.34 119.81 130.63 127.76 131.31 151.77 144.38 123.61 120.39 112.30 99.48 94.34 97.94 115.51 124.12 121.34 124.02 130.72 140.71 132.85 Hong Kong SAR 12.49 13.29 14.28 14.91 15.17 15.91 14.87 14.73 12.98 13.12 13.87 14.76 16.09 18.07 20.39 22.15 23.66 25.19 26.77 27.76 28.37 29.50 30.05 29.39 28.31 27.89 28.20 26.48 24.56 24.22 23.68 23.83 22.88 23.06 22.22 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 15.34 14.86 14.33 13.56 13.45 13.10 11.97 13.02 15.57 18.22 20.94 21.94 21.97 26.66 29.33 24.57 Ireland 59.86 51.46 49.93 57.00 63.76 70.27 59.16 55.82 53.14 50.41 51.28 67.64 76.64 80.32 74.88 85.88 83.78 89.66 79.43 80.51 86.01 85.24 81.19 78.76 77.41 68.58 70.39 76.17 91.87 102.89 103.65 107.02 114.62 123.00 118.70 Israel 32.70 31.70 32.55 28.47 33.56 35.24 35.19 34.70 36.83 33.97 28.65 35.84 42.67 50.40 49.00 51.77 50.75 50.68 47.84 48.65 54.57 56.60 58.93 58.33 55.64 57.71 58.61 51.27 52.16 52.32 52.04 52.37 55.65 66.49 61.33 Italy 75.96 64.90 67.77 72.39 80.28 84.76 71.04 65.20 65.11 60.04 60.11 80.54 97.85 102.67 103.35 121.06 122.44 124.81 99.00 97.35 96.90 101.88 93.05 89.67 86.03 73.68 70.93 75.76 91.61 103.24 103.14 105.19 112.43 122.39 117.10 Japan 47.68 47.49 52.61 66.19 60.12 55.93 56.00 48.06 49.89 49.78 48.90 69.55 79.50 90.93 87.39 84.16 92.80 100.53 114.55 123.33 135.35 114.02 102.82 94.80 106.95 109.94 93.35 85.97 89.92 94.49 90.29 83.51 78.68 90.32 96.82 Korea, Republic of 5.35 6.37 7.74 9.61 11.64 10.14 9.73 9.66 9.89 9.99 10.01 10.24 12.18 16.45 22.92 25.45 30.27 33.29 35.54 38.50 43.72 47.68 44.77 31.60 40.24 43.31 38.60 42.24 44.81 48.47 55.93 63.97 67.45 55.38 47.32 Luxembourg 100.85 100.22 104.98 116.78 120.36 119.31 88.69 71.99 65.61 60.38 58.51 79.46 95.61 99.42 94.29 107.36 104.89 113.78 110.10 118.39 136.50 126.47 108.01 105.82 103.17 88.67 83.08 86.77 102.84 114.71 115.84 116.18 121.73 130.16 121.70 Mexico 29.11 29.84 22.20 24.57 26.44 28.03 32.48 21.07 14.61 15.55 15.30 10.25 9.58 11.20 12.41 13.02 14.46 16.57 18.04 17.98 10.75 10.63 12.02 12.18 13.54 15.32 16.85 16.72 15.28 14.85 15.58 16.31 16.50 16.93 14.53 Netherlands 106.22 102.41 108.28 123.02 128.88 124.41 92.32 85.16 79.74 70.56 68.39 93.54 113.37 115.50 105.90 120.94 115.92 124.97 120.34 123.68 139.30 129.63 113.51 114.49 110.72 94.62 95.30 100.87 122.33 133.46 132.35 134.13 141.78 156.36 148.86 New Zealand 53.30 45.83 46.82 52.52 54.77 56.74 54.94 50.38 44.90 38.88 36.03 43.34 52.19 61.63 56.93 57.58 55.01 50.61 49.82 54.12 59.88 62.76 60.93 49.77 49.34 42.20 38.46 42.45 52.37 59.24 63.22 60.27 68.55 67.11 59.90 Norway 113.27 116.30 120.10 120.69 118.91 122.84 105.71 96.92 88.99 83.09 82.35 103.20 128.28 137.69 131.64 145.75 140.23 146.53 125.77 127.35 143.45 142.05 131.76 129.76 127.97 112.38 111.65 126.70 141.77 152.23 157.65 164.56 182.94 194.64 173.71 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.14 4.70 4.28 4.97 5.18 5.36 4.96 3.65 3.92 3.49 3.18 3.21 3.11 3.27 3.51 3.94 4.33 4.72 4.48 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 14.76 15.67 14.79 13.92 15.09 14.96 15.43 16.39 18.57 20.26 23.92 29.98 23.45 Portugal 28.92 27.93 24.10 22.72 21.50 24.14 21.65 18.52 15.42 13.28 13.55 17.97 21.34 22.97 23.70 28.44 30.46 36.05 30.73 30.71 33.97 33.80 29.90 30.35 29.39 25.40 24.33 25.57 29.60 32.41 31.62 32.68 34.94 38.36 36.65 Singapore 13.65 12.80 12.86 13.50 14.78 16.03 17.55 17.77 19.32 20.73 20.14 17.25 17.34 20.22 22.54 25.63 27.87 30.89 31.93 37.24 44.74 46.87 44.83 40.24 37.34 37.45 34.13 31.89 32.61 32.82 31.18 36.28 33.81 38.49 35.23 Spain 40.19 41.75 41.82 47.05 59.04 59.87 51.07 45.40 37.78 35.75 35.96 47.12 56.26 61.61 62.63 75.48 77.81 83.08 69.43 67.17 73.08 74.15 65.47 63.82 62.34 53.60 51.65 55.10 66.61 73.72 74.84 77.53 83.97 92.07 90.49 Sri Lanka 4.52 3.59 4.25 3.26 2.57 2.24 1.93 2.09 2.08 2.07 2.19 2.22 2.24 2.26 2.19 2.36 2.57 2.49 2.54 2.68 2.77 2.69 2.49 2.51 2.43 2.42 2.18 2.31 2.28 2.26 2.30 2.37 2.42 2.66 -- Sweden 114.63 121.10 118.53 117.67 126.64 127.92 108.77 86.84 74.00 73.68 74.94 94.26 112.08 121.79 122.96 139.20 140.68 152.02 105.89 109.36 124.36 135.31 121.10 118.33 114.03 102.66 89.94 95.60 115.16 126.97 124.30 123.55 137.94 143.06 121.48 Switzerland 99.15 96.51 93.63 119.17 120.31 115.53 95.82 91.54 88.65 78.83 76.32 106.32 128.92 132.74 119.51 141.29 140.14 146.05 138.58 148.88 170.67 159.75 132.99 132.10 125.06 107.90 106.18 112.80 125.82 132.11 131.05 130.92 132.32 146.41 145.03 Taiwan 6.27 6.83 7.26 8.03 9.21 10.76 11.60 11.04 11.09 11.80 11.77 13.22 16.89 20.34 24.68 26.17 27.68 31.78 31.23 32.54 34.55 33.39 33.16 29.09 30.36 31.21 29.04 26.30 25.60 26.09 27.36 27.26 26.30 27.10 23.68 United Kingdom 52.52 46.03 44.89 52.49 62.08 75.41 66.12 58.13 52.66 47.29 47.44 56.58 65.62 74.83 71.79 81.38 83.65 86.41 73.85 75.64 77.68 78.26 83.36 87.00 90.43 84.14 79.59 80.68 88.40 104.65 104.09 106.87 115.43 108.48 89.15 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 64.49 65.56 63.70 66.40 67.90 69.04 63.96 58.92 57.35 54.65 52.77 60.38 68.37 74.56 74.88 80.70 82.78 85.60 82.34 82.94 87.50 84.30 #76.02 72.25 72.48 69.08 64.58 64.52 72.40 78.48 80.08 82.29 86.05 90.06 #83.00 OECD (3) 68.78 69.94 67.89 70.76 72.29 73.43 67.88 62.47 60.76 57.78 55.76 63.97 72.44 78.88 78.98 85.10 87.21 89.99 86.45 86.90 91.53 88.05 #81.00 77.15 77.76 73.95 69.18 69.36 78.17 84.88 86.57 88.82 93.03 97.26 89.54 Europe (3) 78.71 75.05 77.24 86.78 93.99 97.29 78.62 70.71 66.49 60.28 59.76 79.29 95.51 100.77 95.81 111.41 110.17 117.44 107.04 109.94 122.53 118.91 #104.36 103.43 99.95 88.18 84.77 88.82 104.10 114.76 113.82 116.17 123.82 131.71 122.50 Euro Area 80.66 77.02 80.53 89.94 97.07 98.95 78.36 70.86 67.26 60.89 60.31 81.43 98.48 102.70 97.70 114.13 112.13 120.33 111.84 114.44 128.45 123.75 108.25 106.31 101.35 88.56 85.45 89.73 106.95 116.90 115.70 118.17 125.54 136.36 129.44 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 14.54 15.10 14.45 13.45 14.49 15.99 17.95 19.93 21.64 23.11 27.23 32.67 27.39 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 8.24 8.71 9.48 10.62 12.03 12.26 12.55 12.39 12.61 13.17 13.13 13.14 15.11 18.58 23.04 25.30 28.21 31.36 32.46 35.21 39.42 41.16 #37.07 30.31 32.99 34.24 31.37 31.28 31.90 33.32 35.90 39.73 40.13 37.10 32.61 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 1.2 Production Workers: Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 6.19 6.73 7.41 8.11 8.85 9.67 10.67 11.48 11.89 12.32 12.76 13.05 13.35 13.67 14.10 14.88 15.58 16.01 16.44 16.85 17.24 17.82 18.27 18.59 18.98 19.73 20.60 21.42 22.29 22.92 23.60 23.94 25.13 25.64 26.19 Australia 5.80 6.44 6.49 7.22 7.70 8.73 10.11 10.31 9.61 10.14 8.48 8.85 9.85 11.85 12.95 13.57 14.16 13.70 13.07 14.33 15.23 16.73 16.44 14.82 15.63 14.15 13.12 15.36 19.83 23.27 25.05 25.94 29.97 32.52 30.50 Austria 4.55 4.83 5.73 6.98 8.04 8.96 7.83 7.85 7.88 7.43 7.66 10.84 13.81 14.66 14.32 17.92 18.26 20.46 20.41 21.53 25.50 25.59 22.58 22.85 22.53 20.00 19.87 21.53 26.23 29.00 30.00 31.09 35.19 39.45 39.14 Belgium 6.34 6.85 8.24 10.11 11.64 12.89 11.25 9.82 9.37 8.78 9.02 12.36 15.35 16.18 15.80 19.62 20.23 22.56 22.17 24.13 28.34 27.91 24.69 25.04 24.51 22.32 21.97 23.86 29.98 34.05 34.15 35.23 39.35 44.03 42.80 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.81 5.83 5.56 3.43 3.56 3.01 2.59 2.76 3.17 4.19 5.03 5.99 6.94 6.81 Canada 6.40 7.52 7.73 7.72 8.19 9.02 9.96 10.88 11.61 11.60 11.40 11.53 12.52 14.02 15.32 16.62 18.02 17.90 17.28 16.59 16.80 17.35 17.14 16.22 16.39 16.78 16.34 16.59 19.58 21.93 24.29 26.12 28.94 29.78 26.40 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.70 1.99 2.54 2.95 2.80 3.00 2.94 2.85 3.15 3.85 4.75 5.48 6.07 6.83 8.20 10.35 9.51 Denmark 6.23 6.58 7.20 8.92 10.55 10.82 9.31 8.84 8.58 7.98 8.03 10.95 14.09 15.08 14.47 18.29 18.56 20.42 19.49 20.81 24.87 25.00 22.93 23.50 24.06 21.45 22.09 24.45 30.46 33.53 34.73 36.08 41.39 45.51 44.99 Finland 4.99 5.54 5.86 6.14 7.22 8.50 8.26 8.16 7.63 7.83 8.22 10.67 13.34 15.54 16.64 20.68 20.57 19.01 15.72 18.05 22.73 22.20 19.98 19.34 19.56 17.73 18.03 19.79 24.50 28.11 28.69 30.06 33.64 37.64 36.88 France 4.72 4.91 5.44 6.71 8.03 9.33 8.33 8.13 8.04 7.62 7.85 10.73 12.83 13.53 13.21 16.17 16.34 18.24 17.19 17.74 20.02 19.86 17.84 18.00 17.63 15.96 16.08 17.51 21.44 24.08 24.96 25.83 28.94 32.05 30.42 Germany 5.16 5.48 6.40 7.86 9.21 10.05 8.56 8.46 8.39 7.71 7.85 10.98 13.93 14.96 14.55 18.05 18.67 20.92 21.01 22.12 26.17 25.72 22.58 22.38 21.31 19.62 19.44 20.98 25.75 28.45 28.64 29.70 32.85 36.07 34.80 Hong Kong SAR 0.77 0.90 1.06 1.21 1.34 1.54 1.59 1.69 1.54 1.62 1.77 1.93 2.15 2.47 2.88 3.30 3.69 4.03 4.40 4.68 4.89 5.26 5.49 5.46 5.37 5.50 5.81 5.67 5.47 5.55 5.59 5.71 5.75 5.91 5.82 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.58 2.56 2.55 2.48 2.50 2.49 2.36 2.68 3.34 4.06 4.80 5.18 5.26 6.70 7.52 6.44 Ireland 3.71 3.47 3.70 4.62 5.64 6.80 6.31 6.41 6.32 6.21 6.54 8.83 10.23 10.98 10.56 12.78 13.05 14.36 13.06 13.57 14.83 15.19 14.83 14.65 14.69 13.53 14.50 16.32 20.48 23.58 24.47 25.62 28.80 31.53 31.09 Israel 2.02 2.13 2.41 2.31 2.97 3.41 3.75 3.98 4.38 4.19 3.65 4.68 5.70 6.89 6.91 7.70 7.91 8.12 7.86 8.20 9.41 10.08 10.77 10.85 10.56 11.38 12.08 10.98 11.62 11.99 12.28 12.54 13.98 17.05 16.06 Italy 4.70 4.37 5.02 5.87 7.10 8.20 7.58 7.48 7.74 7.40 7.67 10.51 13.07 14.03 14.57 18.01 19.08 19.98 16.28 16.40 16.71 18.15 17.00 16.67 16.33 14.53 14.61 16.23 20.42 23.66 24.35 25.19 28.25 31.37 30.67 Japan 2.95 3.20 3.90 5.37 5.32 5.41 5.97 5.52 5.93 6.13 6.24 9.08 10.62 12.43 12.32 12.52 14.46 16.10 18.83 20.78 23.34 20.31 18.78 17.63 20.30 21.69 19.23 18.42 20.04 21.65 21.31 19.99 19.77 23.15 25.36 Korea, Republic of 0.33 0.43 0.57 0.78 1.03 0.98 1.04 1.11 1.18 1.23 1.28 1.34 1.63 2.25 3.23 3.79 4.72 5.33 5.84 6.49 7.54 8.49 8.18 5.88 7.64 8.54 7.95 9.05 9.99 11.11 13.20 15.32 16.95 14.20 12.39 Luxembourg 6.24 6.75 7.78 9.47 10.65 11.54 9.46 8.26 7.80 7.44 7.47 10.37 12.77 13.59 13.30 15.97 16.34 18.22 18.10 19.95 23.54 22.53 19.73 19.68 19.58 17.49 17.12 18.59 22.92 26.29 27.34 27.82 30.59 33.37 31.88 Mexico 1.80 2.01 1.64 1.99 2.34 2.71 3.46 2.42 1.74 1.92 1.95 1.34 1.28 1.53 1.75 1.94 2.25 2.65 2.97 3.03 1.85 1.89 2.20 2.26 2.57 3.02 3.47 3.58 3.41 3.40 3.68 3.90 4.15 4.34 3.81 Netherlands 6.57 6.90 8.02 9.98 11.40 12.03 9.85 9.78 9.48 8.69 8.73 12.20 15.14 15.79 14.93 17.99 18.06 20.01 19.79 20.84 24.02 23.09 20.74 21.29 21.01 18.67 19.63 21.61 27.27 30.58 31.24 32.12 35.63 40.08 38.99 New Zealand 3.30 3.09 3.47 4.26 4.85 5.49 5.86 5.78 5.34 4.79 4.60 5.66 6.97 8.42 8.03 8.57 8.57 8.10 8.19 9.12 10.33 11.18 11.13 9.25 9.36 8.33 7.92 9.09 11.67 13.58 14.92 14.43 17.23 17.20 15.69 Norway 7.01 7.83 8.90 9.79 10.52 11.88 11.27 11.12 10.58 10.24 10.51 13.47 17.13 18.82 18.56 21.68 21.85 23.46 20.68 21.46 24.74 25.31 24.07 24.13 24.29 22.17 23.00 27.14 31.60 34.89 37.21 39.40 45.97 49.90 45.50 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.65 0.75 0.70 0.84 0.89 0.96 0.91 0.68 0.74 0.69 0.66 0.69 0.69 0.75 0.83 0.94 1.09 1.21 1.17 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.70 2.91 2.81 2.75 3.11 3.20 3.44 3.76 4.38 4.85 6.01 7.69 6.14 Portugal 1.79 1.88 1.79 1.84 1.90 2.33 2.31 2.13 1.83 1.64 1.73 2.35 2.85 3.14 3.34 4.23 4.75 5.77 5.05 5.17 5.86 6.02 5.46 5.64 5.58 5.01 5.01 5.48 6.60 7.43 7.46 7.83 8.78 9.83 9.60 Singapore 0.84 0.86 0.95 1.10 1.31 1.55 1.87 2.04 2.30 2.55 2.57 2.25 2.31 2.76 3.18 3.81 4.34 4.95 5.25 6.27 7.71 8.35 8.19 7.48 7.09 7.39 7.03 6.83 7.27 7.52 7.36 8.69 8.50 9.87 9.23 Spain 2.49 2.81 3.10 3.82 5.22 5.79 5.45 5.21 4.49 4.40 4.59 6.15 7.51 8.42 8.83 11.23 12.12 13.30 11.41 11.32 12.60 13.21 11.96 11.87 11.83 10.57 10.64 11.80 14.85 16.90 17.66 18.56 21.10 23.60 23.70 Sri Lanka 0.28 0.24 0.32 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.35 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.48 0.48 0.46 0.47 0.46 0.48 0.45 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.54 0.57 0.61 0.68 -- Sweden 7.10 8.15 8.78 9.54 11.21 12.37 11.60 9.97 8.80 9.08 9.56 12.30 14.97 16.65 17.34 20.71 21.92 24.34 17.41 18.43 21.45 24.11 22.12 22.00 21.64 20.25 18.53 20.48 25.67 29.10 29.34 29.58 34.66 36.67 31.82 Switzerland 6.14 6.50 6.94 9.67 10.65 11.17 10.22 10.51 10.54 9.71 9.74 13.87 17.22 18.14 16.85 21.02 21.84 23.39 22.78 25.08 29.43 28.46 24.30 24.56 23.74 21.29 21.88 24.16 28.04 30.28 30.93 31.35 33.25 37.53 37.99 Taiwan 0.39 0.46 0.54 0.65 0.82 1.04 1.24 1.27 1.32 1.45 1.50 1.72 2.25 2.78 3.48 3.89 4.31 5.09 5.13 5.48 5.96 5.95 6.06 5.41 5.76 6.16 5.98 5.63 5.71 5.98 6.46 6.53 6.61 6.95 6.20 United Kingdom 3.25 3.10 3.33 4.26 5.49 7.29 7.05 6.67 6.26 5.83 6.05 7.38 8.76 10.23 10.12 12.11 13.03 13.84 12.14 12.74 13.39 13.94 15.23 16.18 17.16 16.60 16.40 17.28 19.70 23.98 24.57 25.59 29.01 27.81 23.35 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 3.99 4.41 4.72 5.39 6.01 6.68 6.82 6.76 6.82 6.73 6.73 7.88 9.13 10.19 10.56 12.00 12.90 13.71 13.54 13.98 15.09 15.02 #13.89 13.43 13.76 13.63 13.30 13.82 16.14 17.98 18.90 19.70 21.62 23.09 #21.74 OECD (3) 4.26 4.71 5.03 5.74 6.40 7.10 7.24 7.17 7.22 7.12 7.11 8.35 9.67 10.78 11.14 12.66 13.59 14.41 14.21 14.64 15.78 15.69 #14.80 14.34 14.76 14.59 14.25 14.86 17.42 19.45 20.43 21.27 23.38 24.93 23.45 Europe (3) 4.87 5.05 5.72 7.04 8.32 9.41 8.39 8.12 7.91 7.43 7.63 10.35 12.75 13.77 13.51 16.57 17.17 18.81 17.60 18.52 21.13 21.18 #19.07 19.23 18.97 17.40 17.46 19.02 23.20 26.30 26.86 27.82 31.11 33.76 32.09 Euro Area 4.99 5.19 5.97 7.29 8.59 9.57 8.36 8.13 8.00 7.50 7.69 10.62 13.15 14.04 13.78 16.98 17.47 19.27 18.39 19.28 22.15 22.05 19.78 19.77 19.24 17.47 17.60 19.22 23.84 26.79 27.31 28.30 31.55 34.96 33.90 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.66 2.81 2.74 2.65 2.99 3.43 4.00 4.57 5.11 5.53 6.84 8.38 7.17 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 0.51 0.59 0.70 0.86 1.06 1.19 1.34 1.42 1.50 1.62 1.68 1.71 2.02 2.54 3.25 3.76 4.40 5.02 5.34 5.93 6.80 7.33 #6.77 5.64 6.26 6.75 6.46 6.70 7.11 7.64 8.47 9.51 10.08 9.51 8.54 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 1.3 Production Workers: Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1975-2009 (Index, 2000 = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 31.38 34.13 37.57 41.12 44.86 49.03 54.07 58.19 60.28 62.46 64.68 66.14 67.69 69.29 71.49 75.41 78.99 81.17 83.34 85.41 87.41 90.31 92.61 94.26 96.22 100.00 104.44 108.59 112.99 116.18 119.65 121.38 127.38 129.96 132.78 Australia 41.03 45.52 45.86 51.06 54.45 61.71 71.46 72.85 67.92 71.70 59.94 62.55 69.62 83.75 91.57 95.92 100.07 96.86 92.39 101.30 107.66 118.27 116.22 104.73 110.49 100.00 92.72 108.58 140.19 164.52 177.08 183.36 211.89 229.86 215.58 Austria 22.77 24.14 28.65 34.92 40.18 44.79 39.15 39.27 39.42 37.14 38.30 54.22 69.04 73.33 71.59 89.60 91.30 102.33 102.07 107.66 127.53 127.98 112.94 114.26 112.64 100.00 99.34 107.66 131.19 145.01 150.03 155.47 175.99 197.30 195.71 Belgium 28.38 30.70 36.92 45.31 52.12 57.73 50.38 43.99 41.98 39.32 40.42 55.39 68.77 72.47 70.77 87.87 90.64 101.07 99.33 108.10 126.95 125.05 110.60 112.15 109.79 100.00 98.44 106.90 134.31 152.53 152.99 157.81 176.27 197.23 191.73 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 163.36 163.97 156.41 96.38 100.00 84.56 72.82 77.76 89.14 117.84 141.51 168.50 195.12 191.52 Canada 38.12 44.80 46.07 46.03 48.81 53.75 59.38 64.84 69.19 69.16 67.93 68.73 74.62 83.56 91.30 99.07 107.39 106.71 103.02 98.87 100.16 103.44 102.17 96.67 97.73 100.00 97.42 98.89 116.73 130.75 144.80 155.71 172.53 177.53 157.38 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 59.81 69.91 89.09 103.69 98.33 105.28 103.30 100.00 110.54 135.12 166.66 192.43 213.22 239.77 288.10 363.28 333.82 Denmark 29.02 30.65 33.54 41.58 49.17 50.45 43.41 41.22 39.98 37.18 37.43 51.03 65.67 70.29 67.45 85.27 86.50 95.16 90.83 97.02 115.91 116.55 106.90 109.53 112.14 100.00 102.97 113.97 142.00 156.28 161.87 168.19 192.90 212.14 209.72 Finland 28.15 31.23 33.07 34.66 40.74 47.94 46.58 46.02 43.03 44.15 46.36 60.19 75.28 87.67 93.88 116.65 116.06 107.23 88.67 101.83 128.26 125.26 112.72 109.10 110.37 100.00 101.73 111.66 138.25 158.56 161.83 169.59 189.79 212.37 208.04 France 29.55 30.75 34.10 42.07 50.30 58.45 52.20 50.92 50.39 47.72 49.16 67.26 80.39 84.75 82.77 101.33 102.38 114.31 107.72 111.13 125.43 124.42 111.80 112.75 110.45 100.00 100.76 109.72 134.35 150.85 156.38 161.83 181.32 200.84 190.61 Germany 26.29 27.91 32.60 40.04 46.91 51.23 43.63 43.10 42.73 39.29 39.99 55.95 70.96 76.22 74.16 91.98 95.13 106.59 107.03 112.74 133.36 131.07 115.07 114.06 108.61 100.00 99.04 106.90 131.19 144.95 145.94 151.32 167.38 183.82 177.31 Hong Kong SAR 14.05 16.27 19.24 21.98 24.40 27.97 28.82 30.72 28.07 29.39 32.16 35.00 39.06 44.89 52.26 59.90 67.01 73.31 79.99 85.01 88.92 95.54 99.79 99.32 97.67 100.00 105.59 103.10 99.49 100.88 101.61 103.72 104.50 107.47 105.78 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 109.47 108.51 108.10 104.90 105.94 105.32 100.00 113.61 141.27 171.98 203.27 219.36 222.76 283.72 318.43 272.61 Ireland 27.39 25.61 27.35 34.17 41.71 50.23 46.64 47.36 46.72 45.91 48.36 65.24 75.66 81.16 78.06 94.44 96.50 106.12 96.53 100.28 109.63 112.26 109.65 108.26 108.61 100.00 107.19 120.60 151.36 174.31 180.85 189.42 212.91 233.09 229.83 Israel 17.78 18.75 21.19 20.28 26.09 29.94 32.97 34.98 38.47 36.77 32.10 41.07 50.05 60.51 60.70 67.65 69.47 71.29 69.08 72.00 82.65 88.57 94.57 95.27 92.77 100.00 106.08 96.47 102.11 105.33 107.90 110.14 122.83 149.74 141.11 Italy 32.35 30.07 34.55 40.40 48.87 56.40 52.13 51.49 53.27 50.89 52.76 72.31 89.90 96.56 100.28 123.90 131.26 137.50 111.99 112.85 114.96 124.87 116.96 114.71 112.35 100.00 100.55 111.65 140.49 162.78 167.50 173.30 194.38 215.87 211.02 Japan 13.61 14.75 17.98 24.75 24.53 24.94 27.54 25.44 27.36 28.28 28.77 41.85 48.95 57.31 56.83 57.73 66.68 74.23 86.84 95.81 107.62 93.67 86.62 81.28 93.61 100.00 88.68 84.92 92.42 99.85 98.27 92.20 91.16 106.77 116.94 Korea, Republic of 3.87 5.02 6.72 9.13 12.05 11.47 12.14 12.98 13.76 14.41 14.94 15.64 19.04 26.32 37.83 44.31 55.20 62.38 68.39 75.93 88.23 99.42 95.73 68.77 89.40 100.00 93.08 105.90 116.89 130.01 154.51 179.26 198.36 166.14 145.06 Luxembourg 35.69 38.58 44.48 54.15 60.89 65.96 54.08 47.24 44.60 42.53 42.68 59.27 72.99 77.69 76.02 91.30 93.44 104.16 103.48 114.04 134.56 128.81 112.81 112.49 111.95 100.00 97.86 106.26 131.05 150.30 156.32 159.04 174.87 190.76 182.24 Mexico 59.61 66.46 54.42 65.92 77.38 89.67 114.59 80.00 57.48 63.39 64.60 44.26 42.33 50.62 57.89 64.09 74.53 87.77 98.11 100.20 61.33 62.67 72.66 74.90 85.01 100.00 114.84 118.46 112.64 112.62 121.64 129.18 137.16 143.60 125.91 Netherlands 35.22 36.94 42.99 53.46 61.09 64.46 52.75 52.37 50.80 46.57 46.75 65.39 81.11 84.58 80.00 96.38 96.77 107.21 106.00 111.64 128.69 123.72 111.10 114.05 112.58 100.00 105.19 115.76 146.07 163.85 167.36 172.05 190.87 214.74 208.89 New Zealand 39.63 37.07 41.67 51.16 58.21 65.91 70.39 69.46 64.13 57.54 55.22 67.93 83.71 101.19 96.43 102.88 102.95 97.34 98.38 109.52 124.03 134.31 133.70 111.15 112.49 100.00 95.18 109.21 140.20 163.06 179.23 173.34 206.91 206.65 188.47 Norway 31.63 35.33 40.15 44.16 47.47 53.59 50.86 50.18 47.74 46.18 47.40 60.74 77.27 84.90 83.74 97.80 98.57 105.84 93.28 96.79 111.59 114.16 108.59 108.84 109.57 100.00 103.76 122.42 142.54 157.38 167.86 177.75 207.37 225.08 205.25 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 93.58 109.09 101.99 121.52 129.62 138.56 131.34 98.46 107.85 100.00 95.07 99.87 100.71 108.69 120.09 137.00 157.75 175.41 170.06 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 98.24 106.10 102.23 100.00 113.26 116.71 125.28 136.82 159.67 176.71 218.95 279.93 223.69 Portugal 35.73 37.53 35.64 36.78 37.96 46.58 46.07 42.42 36.60 32.66 34.49 46.80 56.87 62.67 66.69 84.42 94.70 115.21 100.81 103.25 116.90 120.15 109.00 112.59 111.32 100.00 100.03 109.28 131.67 148.24 148.95 156.15 175.20 196.23 191.57 Singapore 11.44 11.67 12.90 14.82 17.70 20.98 25.33 27.60 31.10 34.56 34.78 30.46 31.33 37.42 43.02 51.60 58.79 66.95 71.06 84.93 104.41 113.01 110.86 101.26 95.92 100.00 95.17 92.47 98.37 101.81 99.63 117.56 115.00 133.55 124.90 Spain 23.53 26.59 29.31 36.09 49.41 54.77 51.52 49.30 42.49 41.66 43.39 58.16 71.06 79.65 83.53 106.20 114.68 125.83 107.96 107.04 119.20 124.94 113.14 112.24 111.91 100.00 100.65 111.64 140.44 159.81 167.08 175.59 199.59 223.24 224.19 Sri Lanka 58.61 50.58 65.95 55.38 47.62 45.38 43.13 50.17 51.74 53.33 58.40 60.69 62.71 64.56 64.53 73.38 83.86 83.61 87.51 94.52 99.85 100.33 95.30 97.76 96.61 100.00 93.92 103.40 106.58 108.58 113.65 118.80 127.02 142.63 -- Sweden 35.04 40.27 43.37 47.13 55.33 61.09 57.28 49.22 43.45 44.83 47.21 60.73 73.91 82.21 85.62 102.25 108.25 120.20 85.96 90.98 105.90 119.04 109.25 108.64 106.87 100.00 91.49 101.12 126.75 143.68 144.88 146.08 171.16 181.09 157.12 Switzerland 28.83 30.53 32.60 45.41 50.01 52.49 48.01 49.36 49.53 45.63 45.75 65.17 80.88 85.24 79.17 98.73 102.59 109.87 107.03 117.85 138.26 133.70 114.14 115.39 111.52 100.00 102.77 113.51 131.75 142.24 145.32 147.27 156.20 176.33 178.46 Taiwan 6.30 7.47 8.74 10.58 13.24 16.89 20.09 20.58 21.42 23.62 24.39 28.01 36.62 45.16 56.52 63.21 70.05 82.66 83.39 89.05 96.77 96.62 98.38 87.84 93.58 100.00 97.16 91.50 92.68 97.11 104.89 106.01 107.34 112.84 100.71 United Kingdom 19.59 18.67 20.04 25.65 33.09 43.94 42.49 40.20 37.73 35.10 36.46 44.48 52.79 61.63 60.99 72.93 78.52 83.36 73.15 76.78 80.69 83.99 91.75 97.46 103.41 100.00 98.79 104.12 118.71 144.49 148.02 154.17 174.75 167.55 140.68 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 1.4 Production Workers: Hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, national currency, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 6.19 6.73 7.41 8.11 8.85 9.67 10.67 11.48 11.89 12.32 12.76 13.05 13.35 13.67 14.10 14.88 15.58 16.01 16.44 16.85 17.24 17.82 18.27 18.59 18.98 19.73 20.60 21.42 22.29 22.92 23.60 23.94 25.13 25.64 26.19 Australia 4.43 5.26 5.85 6.31 6.89 7.66 8.80 10.13 10.65 11.53 12.10 13.19 14.05 15.11 16.35 17.37 18.17 18.63 19.22 19.59 20.56 21.37 22.11 23.55 24.22 24.33 25.37 28.25 30.40 31.60 32.84 34.42 35.72 38.09 38.47 Austria 79.23 86.61 94.70 101.26 107.43 115.95 124.86 133.97 141.64 148.58 158.34 165.45 174.64 181.20 189.47 203.02 213.36 224.94 237.56 245.63 256.96 271.00 275.66 282.84 #21.14 21.66 22.19 22.77 23.17 23.31 24.10 24.75 25.67 26.79 28.08 Belgium 232.50 264.42 295.31 317.95 341.25 376.80 418.33 449.60 479.09 506.88 535.34 552.23 573.48 595.05 622.59 655.65 691.85 725.29 766.81 806.63 835.18 864.50 884.12 909.04 #23.01 24.18 24.55 25.24 26.48 27.37 27.43 28.04 28.70 29.90 30.71 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5.84 6.28 6.45 6.24 6.51 7.07 7.56 8.50 9.27 10.20 10.94 11.67 12.72 13.62 Canada 6.51 7.41 8.21 8.80 9.59 10.54 11.94 13.43 14.31 15.03 15.56 16.02 16.60 17.25 18.14 19.39 20.65 21.63 22.30 22.66 23.06 23.67 23.74 24.06 24.36 24.92 25.31 26.05 27.43 28.55 29.43 29.62 31.07 31.75 30.13 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 49.66 57.31 67.34 80.16 88.77 96.78 101.69 109.92 119.73 125.98 133.88 140.83 145.47 154.29 168.44 176.53 184.17 Denmark 35.71 39.74 43.20 49.13 55.49 60.98 66.45 73.79 78.46 82.58 85.10 88.63 96.47 101.66 105.94 113.23 118.84 123.25 126.40 132.30 139.26 145.03 151.58 157.52 168.16 173.67 184.07 192.83 200.37 200.80 208.20 214.41 225.19 231.59 241.05 Finland 18.36 21.39 23.62 25.29 28.13 31.70 35.63 39.32 42.49 47.04 50.93 54.08 58.65 65.00 71.41 79.06 83.19 85.14 89.78 94.28 99.28 101.99 103.73 103.35 #18.36 19.20 20.14 20.94 21.65 22.60 23.04 23.93 24.54 25.56 26.46 France 20.20 23.44 26.75 30.22 34.16 39.41 45.32 53.46 61.28 66.54 70.46 74.35 77.13 80.60 84.28 88.08 92.26 96.57 97.43 98.36 99.82 101.58 104.19 106.16 #16.55 17.29 17.96 18.52 18.94 19.36 20.05 20.56 21.11 21.77 21.83 Germany 12.67 13.79 14.85 15.76 16.87 18.27 19.38 20.54 21.42 21.94 23.09 23.83 25.04 26.28 27.37 29.18 31.01 32.67 34.75 35.88 37.48 38.71 39.18 39.39 #20.01 21.26 21.71 22.19 22.74 22.87 23.01 23.64 23.96 24.50 24.97 Hong Kong SAR 3.82 4.39 4.93 5.67 6.72 7.66 8.83 10.26 11.20 12.64 13.79 15.03 16.76 19.28 22.43 25.67 28.65 31.21 34.04 36.15 37.84 40.65 42.51 42.33 41.69 42.87 45.31 44.24 42.62 43.22 43.47 44.33 44.85 46.04 45.11 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 271.93 322.02 389.62 462.63 536.31 589.73 666.27 768.52 860.22 910.84 973.10 1033.74 1106.59 1230.15 1294.05 1302.42 Ireland 1.67 1.92 2.12 2.41 2.76 3.30 3.90 4.50 5.06 5.71 6.14 6.58 6.88 7.19 7.44 7.70 8.08 8.42 8.90 9.06 9.25 9.49 9.77 10.27 #13.79 14.65 16.20 17.26 18.09 18.96 19.65 20.40 21.01 21.41 22.31 Israel 1.29 1.70 2.52 4.03 7.56 17.47 42.90 96.66 246.18 1227.28 #4.31 6.96 9.09 11.02 13.24 15.53 18.02 19.96 22.26 24.68 28.33 32.19 37.13 41.22 43.73 46.41 50.79 52.03 52.94 53.74 55.13 55.87 57.44 61.16 63.17 Italy 3067 3629 4433 4983 5902 7019 8626 10134 11764 12989 14639 15671 16947 18278 20000 21578 23681 24625 25609 26432 27226 28000 28963 28958 #15.33 15.74 16.32 17.16 18.04 19.02 19.56 20.05 20.60 21.31 22.01 Japan 875.62 947.79 1043.98 1118.80 1160.60 1225.75 1317.78 1373.92 1409.32 1456.25 1487.72 1527.83 1535.10 1593.03 1701.55 1815.26 1946.12 2040.94 2092.01 2123.18 2193.00 2209.65 2274.02 2308.93 2308.75 2337.80 2337.97 2306.03 2323.75 2341.90 2346.67 2325.61 2328.13 2393.86 2375.65 Korea, Republic of 160.22 207.69 277.71 377.40 498.45 595.47 706.55 811.99 912.49 994.50 1100.54 1181.94 1343.44 1652.00 2179.53 2690.18 3474.72 4182.30 4708.07 5234.86 5825.00 6838.05 7751.38 8229.08 9088.47 9662.74 10276 11314 11906 12722 13515 14617 15744 15597 15798 Luxembourg 229.59 260.55 278.82 298.26 312.26 337.38 351.23 377.54 398.91 429.85 443.28 463.12 476.60 499.67 523.90 533.72 558.18 585.75 626.29 667.43 693.88 697.54 705.85 714.24 #18.38 18.95 19.12 19.66 20.25 21.14 21.96 22.14 22.31 22.66 22.88 Mexico 22.53 29.05 37.18 45.40 53.38 62.26 84.94 136.39 208.69 321.57 501.64 818.46 1763.32 3478.38 4306.59 5449.85 6799.92 8211.99 #9.26 10.25 11.95 14.40 17.39 20.72 24.55 28.59 32.41 34.60 36.75 38.43 40.06 42.59 45.31 48.37 51.37 Netherlands 16.59 18.22 19.69 21.56 22.88 23.91 24.61 26.12 27.07 27.89 28.96 29.88 30.68 31.23 31.69 32.77 33.81 35.19 36.77 37.91 38.54 38.94 40.49 42.23 #19.73 20.22 21.93 22.86 24.08 24.59 25.09 25.56 25.98 27.22 27.98 New Zealand 2.72 3.11 3.58 4.11 4.74 5.64 6.74 7.70 7.99 8.28 9.24 10.78 11.75 12.85 13.53 14.36 14.82 15.07 15.13 15.36 15.73 16.26 16.80 17.26 17.69 18.23 18.86 19.57 20.05 20.48 21.19 22.25 23.44 24.48 25.11 Norway 36.56 42.73 47.37 51.31 53.28 58.66 64.75 71.83 77.27 83.53 90.29 99.63 115.47 122.79 128.33 135.60 141.84 145.81 146.83 151.38 156.72 163.46 170.56 182.21 189.63 195.37 206.93 216.67 223.73 235.14 239.69 252.55 269.18 281.24 286.22 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 17.72 19.18 19.07 22.13 22.97 24.95 26.68 27.75 29.06 30.46 33.42 35.52 37.63 41.98 45.60 48.46 50.18 53.59 55.89 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8.85 10.14 11.14 11.94 12.73 13.07 13.38 13.74 14.18 15.05 16.64 18.51 19.16 Portugal 45.56 56.73 68.07 80.90 93.09 116.84 141.85 170.29 204.70 241.74 297.44 351.30 402.41 453.15 526.36 603.73 687.20 779.98 813.78 858.55 878.06 928.93 958.29 1017.04 #5.24 5.43 5.60 5.79 5.83 5.97 6.00 6.23 6.40 6.68 6.89 Singapore 2.00 2.13 2.33 2.49 2.84 3.32 3.95 4.36 4.86 5.45 5.65 4.90 4.88 5.56 6.20 6.91 7.50 8.06 8.48 9.58 10.93 11.77 12.17 12.51 12.01 12.74 12.61 12.23 12.67 12.71 12.25 13.80 12.80 13.95 13.42 Spain 142.81 188.06 235.42 292.58 350.70 415.15 502.85 572.56 644.38 708.01 780.08 861.09 927.73 981.01 1045.47 1144.45 1259.80 1361.95 1455.05 1515.05 1570.76 1673.40 1752.73 1773.02 #11.11 11.45 11.89 12.48 13.11 13.58 14.19 14.78 15.39 16.03 17.01 Sri Lanka 1.97 2.04 2.88 4.13 3.54 3.58 3.97 4.99 5.82 6.48 7.58 8.13 8.82 9.81 11.11 14.05 16.58 17.51 20.20 22.32 24.45 26.49 26.86 30.10 32.60 36.79 40.11 47.26 49.15 52.50 54.57 58.98 67.13 73.82 -- Sweden 29.39 35.52 39.24 43.11 48.05 52.34 58.77 62.63 67.51 75.08 82.26 87.66 94.99 102.17 111.94 122.64 132.67 141.82 135.71 142.17 153.13 161.71 169.13 174.96 179.07 185.77 191.63 199.11 207.36 213.81 219.20 218.08 234.14 241.48 243.53 Switzerland 15.84 16.24 16.63 17.18 17.70 18.72 20.03 21.36 22.15 22.82 23.91 24.94 25.69 26.56 27.59 29.21 31.36 32.88 33.68 34.28 34.76 35.18 35.26 35.63 35.71 35.98 36.95 37.61 37.72 37.65 38.52 39.30 39.91 40.65 41.33 Taiwan 14.74 17.47 20.44 24.14 29.39 37.47 45.57 49.57 52.84 57.64 59.90 65.25 71.60 79.62 91.89 104.77 115.41 128.05 135.63 145.11 157.86 163.42 174.30 181.45 186.23 192.48 202.35 194.57 196.34 199.54 207.51 212.17 217.14 219.01 204.77 United Kingdom 1.46 1.72 1.91 2.22 2.59 3.14 3.48 3.82 4.13 4.36 4.67 5.03 5.34 5.74 6.18 6.79 7.37 7.83 8.09 8.32 8.49 8.93 9.30 9.76 10.61 10.95 11.39 11.50 12.05 13.08 13.50 13.88 14.49 15.00 14.91 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 1.5 Production Workers: Indexes of hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, national currency basis, 1975-2009 (Index, 2000 = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 31.38 34.13 37.57 41.12 44.86 49.03 54.07 58.19 60.28 62.46 64.68 66.14 67.69 69.29 71.49 75.41 78.99 81.17 83.34 85.41 87.41 90.31 92.61 94.26 96.22 100.00 104.44 108.59 112.99 116.18 119.65 121.38 127.38 129.96 132.78 Australia 18.21 21.60 24.05 25.94 28.33 31.49 36.15 41.64 43.77 47.40 49.73 54.21 57.76 62.10 67.19 71.39 74.69 76.60 79.02 80.52 84.52 87.86 90.87 96.81 99.55 100.00 104.30 116.13 124.95 129.90 135.01 141.51 146.84 156.57 158.14 Austria 26.58 29.06 31.77 33.97 36.04 38.90 41.89 44.95 47.52 49.85 53.12 55.51 58.59 60.79 63.57 68.11 71.58 75.47 79.70 82.41 86.21 90.92 92.49 94.89 97.62 100.00 102.45 105.13 106.98 107.63 111.26 114.25 118.50 123.69 129.66 Belgium 23.84 27.11 30.27 32.60 34.98 38.63 42.89 46.09 49.12 51.97 54.88 56.61 58.79 61.00 63.83 67.22 70.93 74.36 78.61 82.70 85.62 88.63 90.64 93.19 95.14 100.00 101.52 104.39 109.53 113.21 113.45 115.97 118.69 123.65 127.02 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 89.72 96.57 99.18 95.88 100.00 108.70 116.24 130.66 142.47 156.75 168.20 179.27 195.51 209.23 Canada 26.11 29.74 32.95 35.32 38.48 42.31 47.93 53.88 57.41 60.30 62.46 64.29 66.60 69.22 72.78 77.82 82.85 86.81 89.47 90.94 92.54 94.96 95.25 96.54 97.75 100.00 101.56 104.55 110.07 114.57 118.09 118.86 124.67 127.39 120.90 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 45.17 52.14 61.26 72.92 80.75 88.05 92.52 100.00 108.93 114.61 121.80 128.12 132.34 140.36 153.24 160.60 167.55 Denmark 20.56 22.88 24.87 28.29 31.95 35.11 38.26 42.49 45.18 47.55 49.00 51.03 55.55 58.53 61.00 65.20 68.43 70.97 72.78 76.18 80.18 83.51 87.28 90.70 96.83 100.00 105.99 111.03 115.37 115.62 119.88 123.46 129.66 133.35 138.79 Finland 16.08 18.74 20.69 22.16 24.64 27.77 31.21 34.44 37.22 41.20 44.62 47.37 51.38 56.94 62.55 69.25 72.87 74.58 78.65 82.59 86.96 89.34 90.86 90.53 95.65 100.00 104.91 109.04 112.74 117.69 120.01 124.62 127.79 133.14 137.83 France 17.81 20.67 23.59 26.65 30.12 34.75 39.96 47.15 54.04 58.68 62.13 65.56 68.02 71.08 74.32 77.68 81.36 85.16 85.92 86.74 88.02 89.58 91.88 93.62 95.72 100.00 103.92 107.14 109.56 111.97 115.97 118.92 122.09 125.91 126.28 Germany 30.47 33.16 35.72 37.90 40.58 43.95 46.61 49.39 51.51 52.76 55.54 57.32 60.23 63.21 65.84 70.18 74.59 78.58 83.59 86.29 90.15 93.11 94.23 94.74 94.13 100.00 102.14 104.39 106.99 107.59 108.23 111.20 112.70 115.24 117.47 Hong Kong SAR 8.90 10.24 11.51 13.21 15.67 17.86 20.60 23.93 26.14 29.49 32.16 35.05 39.09 44.97 52.32 59.88 66.82 72.81 79.41 84.32 88.28 94.83 99.16 98.74 97.25 100.00 105.69 103.20 99.43 100.83 101.40 103.40 104.62 107.39 105.23 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40.81 48.33 58.48 69.44 80.49 88.51 100.00 115.35 129.11 136.71 146.05 155.15 166.09 184.63 194.22 195.48 Ireland 14.45 16.62 18.37 20.87 23.88 28.61 33.82 39.04 43.87 49.50 53.20 57.01 59.60 62.34 64.48 66.75 70.02 72.95 77.13 78.48 80.13 82.21 84.67 89.01 94.12 100.00 110.55 117.77 123.43 129.38 134.12 139.19 143.36 146.13 152.26 Israel 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.21 0.53 2.64 9.28 14.99 19.58 23.73 28.52 33.45 38.83 43.00 47.95 53.18 61.04 69.35 80.00 88.80 94.21 100.00 109.43 112.11 114.06 115.79 118.77 120.38 123.76 131.78 136.11 Italy 10.06 11.90 14.54 16.35 19.36 23.03 28.30 33.24 38.59 42.61 48.02 51.41 55.59 59.96 65.61 70.79 77.69 80.78 84.01 86.71 89.32 91.85 95.01 94.99 97.37 100.00 103.69 109.03 114.56 120.82 124.22 127.35 130.88 135.33 139.80 Japan 37.45 40.54 44.66 47.86 49.64 52.43 56.37 58.77 60.28 62.29 63.64 65.35 65.66 68.14 72.78 77.65 83.25 87.30 89.49 90.82 93.81 94.52 97.27 98.77 98.76 100.00 100.01 98.64 99.40 100.18 100.38 99.48 99.59 102.40 101.62 Korea, Republic of 1.66 2.15 2.87 3.91 5.16 6.16 7.31 8.40 9.44 10.29 11.39 12.23 13.90 17.10 22.56 27.84 35.96 43.28 48.72 54.18 60.28 70.77 80.22 85.16 94.06 100.00 106.34 117.09 123.22 131.66 139.87 151.27 162.94 161.42 163.50 Luxembourg 30.04 34.09 36.48 39.02 40.86 44.14 45.95 49.40 52.19 56.24 58.00 60.59 62.36 65.38 68.54 69.83 73.03 76.64 81.94 87.32 90.79 91.26 92.35 93.45 97.02 100.00 100.92 103.76 106.87 111.56 115.92 116.87 117.74 119.59 120.73 Mexico 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.30 0.48 0.73 1.12 1.75 2.86 6.17 12.16 15.06 19.06 23.78 28.72 32.40 35.86 41.80 50.36 60.82 72.47 85.85 100.00 113.36 121.01 128.53 134.42 140.09 148.94 158.47 169.16 179.67 Netherlands 37.23 40.89 44.19 48.38 51.35 53.67 55.24 58.62 60.75 62.59 64.99 67.07 68.85 70.08 71.12 73.54 75.89 78.99 82.53 85.07 86.50 87.40 90.87 94.78 97.57 100.00 108.48 113.04 119.12 121.62 124.11 126.43 128.52 134.63 138.39 New Zealand 14.94 17.09 19.65 22.55 26.01 30.92 37.01 42.27 43.86 45.45 50.70 59.14 64.47 70.49 74.22 78.82 81.31 82.66 83.02 84.28 86.33 89.21 92.18 94.71 97.06 100.00 103.47 107.40 110.00 112.38 116.28 122.10 128.61 134.30 137.77 Norway 18.71 21.87 24.25 26.26 27.27 30.03 33.14 36.77 39.55 42.76 46.22 50.99 59.10 62.85 65.69 69.41 72.60 74.63 75.16 77.49 80.22 83.67 87.30 93.27 97.06 100.00 105.92 110.91 114.52 120.36 122.68 129.27 137.78 143.96 146.50 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 58.19 62.98 62.59 72.64 75.42 81.92 87.59 91.11 95.40 100.00 109.70 116.62 123.53 137.83 149.69 159.08 164.73 175.93 183.48 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 74.07 84.88 93.30 100.00 106.59 109.47 112.01 115.04 118.76 126.06 139.32 155.03 160.44 Portugal 4.19 5.21 6.26 7.43 8.55 10.74 13.03 15.65 18.81 22.21 27.33 32.28 36.98 41.64 48.37 55.48 63.15 71.67 74.78 78.89 80.68 85.36 88.06 93.46 96.47 100.00 103.16 106.71 107.37 110.03 110.46 114.75 117.96 123.02 126.92 Singapore 15.72 16.71 18.24 19.54 22.32 26.04 31.02 34.24 38.10 42.74 44.36 38.45 38.25 43.65 48.64 54.22 58.87 63.23 66.56 75.20 85.77 92.37 95.48 98.16 94.26 100.00 98.92 95.99 99.39 99.76 96.10 108.24 100.43 109.47 105.30 Spain 7.50 9.87 12.36 15.35 18.41 21.79 26.39 30.05 33.82 37.16 40.94 45.19 48.69 51.48 54.87 60.06 66.12 71.48 76.36 79.51 82.44 87.82 91.99 93.05 96.98 100.00 103.80 109.02 114.52 118.62 123.91 129.03 134.39 139.95 148.52 Sri Lanka 5.37 5.56 7.84 11.23 9.63 9.74 10.78 13.56 15.81 17.62 20.60 22.08 23.97 26.67 30.21 38.17 45.05 47.59 54.91 60.66 66.45 72.00 73.01 81.82 88.62 100.00 109.01 128.44 133.59 142.68 148.31 160.30 182.46 200.64 -- Sweden 15.82 19.12 21.12 23.20 25.86 28.18 31.63 33.71 36.34 40.42 44.28 47.19 51.13 55.00 60.26 66.02 71.42 76.34 73.05 76.53 82.43 87.05 91.04 94.18 96.39 100.00 103.15 107.18 111.62 115.09 117.99 117.39 126.03 129.99 131.09 Switzerland 44.02 45.13 46.22 47.74 49.20 52.01 55.67 59.37 61.56 63.43 66.44 69.32 71.39 73.82 76.67 81.19 87.15 91.39 93.59 95.28 96.62 97.77 98.00 99.02 99.25 100.00 102.70 104.53 104.83 104.63 107.05 109.23 110.92 112.98 114.87 Taiwan 7.66 9.07 10.62 12.54 15.27 19.47 23.68 25.75 27.45 29.95 31.12 33.90 37.20 41.37 47.74 54.43 59.96 66.53 70.47 75.39 82.02 84.90 90.55 94.27 96.76 100.00 105.13 101.09 102.01 103.67 107.81 110.23 112.81 113.79 106.39 United Kingdom 13.36 15.68 17.41 20.26 23.63 28.63 31.81 34.86 37.72 39.80 42.60 45.93 48.79 52.43 56.43 61.96 67.34 71.53 73.83 75.96 77.48 81.57 84.91 89.12 96.91 100.00 104.00 105.03 110.06 119.47 123.24 126.75 132.29 136.93 136.14 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 2.1 Production Workers: Indexes of total hourly direct pay in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1975-2009 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Australia 98.66 100.92 92.89 94.92 93.28 97.19 101.67 97.23 87.55 88.98 71.14 71.87 78.15 91.98 98.10 98.05 98.05 92.67 86.14 91.52 93.63 98.49 93.68 82.42 84.35 73.67 65.40 73.04 90.84 103.52 108.50 111.04 124.56 131.06 120.16 Austria 69.46 67.91 73.60 81.77 86.36 87.97 69.54 64.98 62.57 56.17 55.44 76.57 95.22 98.83 93.91 112.39 110.32 120.75 116.41 118.71 136.67 132.29 113.82 112.69 108.38 92.71 90.27 94.53 112.11 121.33 121.99 124.80 137.28 149.59 145.05 Belgium 94.32 94.85 105.04 118.95 126.12 128.45 102.06 83.16 76.25 68.40 66.77 87.96 105.50 107.32 101.52 119.88 118.79 129.26 122.86 129.13 146.25 138.45 119.31 118.31 113.05 97.07 94.42 98.72 120.45 133.38 130.08 132.54 144.03 156.81 149.09 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 27.19 26.77 24.83 15.19 15.24 12.41 10.34 10.64 12.05 15.32 18.27 21.21 23.80 22.84 Canada 109.90 119.37 112.40 103.09 100.72 102.39 101.96 103.97 106.63 102.56 96.95 95.59 101.54 111.25 118.35 120.59 124.06 119.33 111.74 104.22 102.07 102.19 98.65 91.94 90.69 89.66 83.54 80.37 91.08 98.76 105.90 111.41 120.51 120.08 104.06 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 9.60 11.08 13.74 15.48 14.27 14.95 14.28 13.18 14.07 16.53 19.76 22.21 24.23 26.86 31.37 38.55 34.29 Denmark 115.84 112.83 112.80 128.06 139.53 131.64 103.11 91.34 85.09 75.76 74.26 99.78 127.12 134.60 125.02 150.19 146.28 157.08 146.31 150.59 173.53 167.00 149.14 149.51 146.76 126.36 123.76 130.72 157.15 168.61 168.56 173.67 193.03 206.80 200.58 Finland 77.85 79.05 75.59 72.97 79.22 86.13 76.33 70.82 64.80 63.75 64.33 81.18 98.48 110.39 114.49 134.51 130.41 119.16 92.70 102.97 127.98 122.62 107.93 105.51 101.19 88.47 86.76 91.47 110.00 122.96 121.98 125.91 137.09 149.64 143.30 France 67.60 64.38 65.23 73.49 80.69 86.13 69.88 63.26 59.53 54.17 54.11 72.24 84.67 86.76 81.96 95.85 92.79 100.62 92.80 93.19 102.30 98.08 85.76 84.50 80.54 70.15 68.00 71.04 84.04 91.69 91.27 93.41 101.90 109.89 103.84 Germany 80.30 77.60 83.28 93.50 100.49 100.74 78.03 72.03 68.60 60.49 59.25 80.77 100.13 105.03 99.27 116.82 116.32 127.20 124.76 127.66 146.59 138.98 119.20 116.12 108.56 96.06 92.19 95.64 113.84 122.21 120.74 122.34 133.82 143.04 134.16 Hong Kong SAR 14.44 15.45 16.74 17.55 17.95 18.92 17.75 17.75 15.63 15.74 16.57 17.57 19.18 21.55 24.35 26.60 28.65 30.68 32.66 33.67 34.14 35.33 35.97 35.03 33.57 33.12 32.60 30.67 28.72 28.42 27.82 28.04 27.46 27.47 26.43 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12.92 12.43 11.95 11.44 11.45 11.24 10.42 11.53 13.93 16.59 19.29 20.31 20.66 25.53 27.87 23.66 Ireland 62.93 53.79 53.05 61.11 68.62 75.11 62.81 59.04 56.22 52.61 53.27 70.03 79.70 83.60 78.34 90.81 89.58 96.79 86.02 86.83 92.18 91.15 87.38 84.94 83.55 74.56 76.50 82.87 100.13 111.45 112.37 116.23 127.32 135.61 130.71 Israel 32.51 31.69 32.79 28.82 34.15 36.04 36.12 35.95 38.19 35.13 29.57 36.89 44.05 52.13 50.83 54.07 53.54 53.86 50.98 51.62 57.52 59.63 61.91 60.81 58.42 60.67 61.72 53.81 55.42 56.07 55.92 56.89 62.52 73.00 66.80 Italy 62.43 53.11 57.31 61.99 69.15 75.22 64.08 58.74 58.46 54.07 53.76 71.34 86.71 90.81 89.56 105.59 108.81 114.29 89.33 85.91 84.00 86.91 78.11 77.22 73.72 63.05 61.33 65.92 80.51 91.08 91.07 93.71 102.14 110.36 105.46 Japan 51.29 50.96 56.45 70.52 64.70 60.90 60.93 52.60 54.56 54.29 53.04 75.13 85.89 98.25 94.46 91.36 101.61 110.50 125.82 134.40 146.23 122.17 109.57 100.13 111.93 114.75 97.91 90.10 94.90 99.80 95.20 88.21 84.76 96.57 103.40 Korea, Republic of 5.76 6.90 8.45 10.54 12.83 11.23 10.82 10.85 11.11 11.20 11.20 11.42 13.59 18.51 25.40 28.02 32.69 35.42 37.43 41.24 46.52 49.67 43.41 29.13 35.42 39.50 36.03 40.56 44.82 50.00 59.32 67.65 72.75 59.28 50.60 Luxembourg 103.25 102.36 108.08 121.06 125.61 124.76 93.03 76.25 69.94 64.34 61.91 83.45 100.72 104.42 99.63 114.62 113.62 124.45 120.31 128.33 148.59 136.70 116.47 113.42 109.79 94.32 89.60 94.20 113.27 127.41 128.77 129.39 138.25 146.73 137.03 Mexico 25.65 26.35 19.73 21.87 23.71 24.94 28.54 18.49 12.42 13.55 13.42 8.92 8.55 9.91 10.74 11.35 12.69 14.48 15.81 15.64 9.18 9.21 10.50 10.66 11.95 13.56 14.90 14.99 13.91 13.69 14.50 15.21 15.76 16.09 13.79 Netherlands 97.61 94.06 100.18 114.01 119.65 116.13 86.64 81.22 76.01 67.33 65.02 88.24 107.29 109.48 101.68 117.59 113.77 123.82 119.07 121.33 135.19 124.84 110.16 111.57 108.23 93.41 94.04 99.66 120.92 132.77 131.78 133.88 144.33 156.47 148.79 New Zealand 61.00 52.74 54.29 61.19 64.14 66.78 64.92 60.10 53.59 46.29 42.81 51.37 62.02 73.38 67.98 69.23 66.79 61.89 61.16 66.23 72.88 76.22 74.03 60.29 59.54 51.06 47.00 52.08 64.93 73.65 78.70 75.22 87.27 85.00 75.56 Norway 111.40 114.73 119.36 120.16 117.00 121.49 104.74 96.54 89.56 83.58 82.40 102.80 128.14 137.18 132.43 147.96 144.63 152.51 133.76 134.84 150.80 148.71 137.41 135.61 133.86 118.44 117.81 132.90 148.98 159.28 165.10 172.65 195.74 206.70 184.25 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.73 5.40 4.93 5.71 5.91 6.10 5.63 4.13 4.41 3.96 3.65 3.71 3.64 3.81 4.10 4.63 5.19 5.61 5.32 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12.63 13.33 15.30 14.39 15.74 15.63 16.27 17.34 19.77 21.72 26.29 32.87 25.68 Portugal 28.58 27.77 23.75 22.47 21.24 23.77 21.39 18.31 15.08 12.85 13.01 17.23 20.55 22.10 23.06 27.97 30.35 36.32 30.98 30.76 33.94 33.58 29.85 30.33 29.37 25.55 24.65 25.91 30.24 33.18 32.39 33.54 36.57 39.85 38.03 Singapore 14.01 13.19 12.48 13.08 14.00 14.68 16.15 16.42 17.71 18.74 18.24 17.35 18.19 21.11 23.16 26.05 28.36 31.48 32.55 37.56 44.59 46.48 44.69 40.59 40.18 40.04 36.53 34.22 35.34 36.07 34.66 40.26 38.13 43.09 39.39 Spain 33.44 34.93 36.64 42.00 53.72 54.62 46.64 42.01 35.11 33.31 33.61 43.94 52.61 57.74 58.69 71.01 73.72 79.17 65.77 63.46 69.13 70.02 61.92 60.14 58.46 50.43 49.02 52.31 63.69 70.51 71.59 74.18 81.63 89.44 86.73 Sri Lanka 4.90 3.91 4.66 3.59 2.85 2.50 2.04 2.23 2.22 2.20 2.32 2.36 2.39 2.40 2.34 2.53 2.79 2.73 2.79 2.93 3.00 2.91 2.69 2.70 2.60 2.60 2.36 2.50 2.50 2.49 2.53 2.61 2.71 2.96 -- Sweden 104.55 107.71 103.01 103.45 111.52 112.29 95.33 76.66 63.88 63.44 64.23 80.55 95.51 103.98 104.78 120.28 121.18 131.16 96.94 99.44 109.84 120.14 107.46 104.88 100.19 90.15 79.72 84.69 102.05 112.72 110.92 114.38 125.77 130.37 111.75 Switzerland 101.77 99.39 96.98 123.92 125.65 121.31 101.05 97.53 94.60 83.58 80.45 111.62 135.53 140.21 126.68 150.79 150.60 157.90 150.24 160.71 182.09 169.85 141.32 139.45 131.33 114.08 113.26 120.53 135.89 143.24 142.13 142.25 146.65 161.09 160.55 Taiwan 6.94 7.60 8.14 9.05 10.44 12.24 13.25 12.73 12.80 13.59 13.52 15.07 19.35 23.47 28.59 30.46 32.58 37.24 37.05 38.04 39.00 37.61 36.22 31.65 32.79 33.54 31.57 28.91 28.68 29.37 30.55 30.30 29.58 30.07 26.24 United Kingdom 55.57 48.29 46.47 53.97 63.15 76.01 66.96 59.93 54.61 49.43 49.99 59.17 69.20 79.39 76.47 86.78 88.54 93.89 80.75 82.33 85.16 85.50 91.47 95.08 93.20 86.84 82.88 86.03 95.17 106.01 105.53 108.55 119.57 111.53 91.55 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 64.99 66.31 64.86 67.55 69.11 70.56 65.49 61.07 59.48 56.60 54.43 61.86 70.03 76.56 77.17 82.80 85.22 88.16 84.94 85.08 89.02 85.40 #76.85 72.88 72.70 69.53 65.24 64.95 73.27 79.13 80.85 82.92 88.63 91.86 #84.62 OECD (3) 69.26 70.67 69.08 71.92 73.53 75.00 69.47 64.71 62.99 59.83 57.50 65.46 74.08 80.85 81.23 87.13 89.57 92.46 88.94 88.91 92.93 89.00 #81.87 77.80 77.84 74.28 69.75 69.67 78.93 85.38 87.22 89.31 95.68 99.05 91.16 Europe (3) 75.09 71.25 73.80 83.30 90.33 93.85 76.15 69.02 64.70 58.44 57.78 76.16 91.85 96.98 92.22 107.76 107.29 115.36 105.42 107.62 119.07 115.03 #101.31 100.55 96.25 85.00 82.59 86.87 102.40 111.98 111.33 113.75 124.07 130.86 121.69 Euro Area 74.96 71.36 75.53 84.72 91.68 93.96 74.66 67.84 64.08 57.73 56.93 76.41 92.43 96.19 91.49 107.42 106.51 115.11 106.91 108.65 121.08 116.05 101.59 99.95 95.16 83.13 81.13 85.26 102.36 111.94 111.11 113.37 123.65 133.16 126.31 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12.72 13.19 13.73 12.80 13.94 15.34 17.35 19.32 21.19 22.82 27.47 32.88 27.45 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 8.90 9.47 10.22 11.50 13.00 13.19 13.49 13.41 13.55 14.04 14.02 14.48 16.91 20.87 25.72 28.14 31.25 34.54 35.71 38.61 42.43 43.76 #38.10 30.87 33.15 34.66 32.15 32.35 33.77 35.89 39.13 43.14 44.28 40.72 35.80 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 2.2 Production Workers: Total hourly direct pay in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 5.18 5.60 6.12 6.67 7.24 7.87 8.64 9.22 9.54 9.91 10.28 10.54 10.76 10.99 11.31 11.85 12.29 12.54 12.84 13.21 13.61 14.11 14.48 14.79 15.18 15.75 16.31 16.92 17.44 17.87 18.39 18.62 19.17 19.70 20.15 Australia 5.11 5.66 5.68 6.33 6.75 7.65 8.79 8.96 8.35 8.82 7.32 7.58 8.41 10.11 11.10 11.62 12.05 11.62 11.06 12.09 12.74 13.90 13.56 12.19 12.80 11.61 10.67 12.36 15.85 18.50 19.96 20.68 23.87 25.82 24.21 Austria 3.60 3.81 4.50 5.45 6.25 6.92 6.01 5.99 5.97 5.57 5.70 8.07 10.25 10.87 10.62 13.32 13.56 15.14 14.94 15.68 18.60 18.67 16.48 16.67 16.45 14.61 14.72 16.00 19.56 21.69 22.44 23.24 26.31 29.47 29.23 Belgium 4.89 5.32 6.43 7.93 9.13 10.11 8.82 7.66 7.28 6.78 6.87 9.28 11.35 11.80 11.48 14.21 14.60 16.20 15.77 17.06 19.91 19.53 17.27 17.50 17.16 15.29 15.40 16.71 21.01 23.84 23.93 24.69 27.60 30.89 30.04 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.84 3.88 3.67 2.31 2.40 2.02 1.75 1.86 2.15 2.82 3.40 4.07 4.69 4.60 Canada 5.69 6.69 6.88 6.87 7.29 8.06 8.81 9.58 10.17 10.17 9.97 10.08 10.93 12.23 13.39 14.29 15.25 14.96 14.34 13.77 13.89 14.42 14.28 13.60 13.77 14.13 13.62 13.60 15.89 17.65 19.48 20.75 23.10 23.65 20.97 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.23 1.46 1.87 2.18 2.07 2.21 2.17 2.08 2.29 2.80 3.45 3.97 4.46 5.00 6.01 7.59 6.91 Denmark 6.00 6.32 6.90 8.54 10.10 10.36 8.91 8.42 8.12 7.51 7.64 10.52 13.68 14.80 14.14 17.80 17.98 19.69 18.78 19.90 23.62 23.56 21.59 22.12 22.28 19.91 20.18 22.12 27.41 30.14 31.00 32.35 36.99 40.74 40.42 Finland 4.03 4.43 4.63 4.86 5.73 6.78 6.60 6.53 6.18 6.32 6.62 8.56 10.60 12.14 12.95 15.94 16.03 14.94 11.90 13.60 17.42 17.30 15.63 15.61 15.36 13.94 14.15 15.48 19.19 21.98 22.44 23.45 26.27 29.48 28.88 France 3.50 3.61 3.99 4.90 5.84 6.78 6.04 5.83 5.68 5.37 5.56 7.62 9.11 9.54 9.27 11.36 11.40 12.61 11.91 12.31 13.92 13.84 12.42 12.50 12.23 11.05 11.09 12.02 14.66 16.39 16.79 17.40 19.53 21.65 20.93 Germany 4.16 4.35 5.10 6.23 7.27 7.93 6.75 6.64 6.55 6.00 6.09 8.52 10.78 11.55 11.23 13.84 14.30 15.95 16.01 16.87 19.95 19.61 17.26 17.18 16.48 15.13 15.03 16.19 19.86 21.84 22.21 22.79 25.65 28.18 27.04 Hong Kong SAR 0.75 0.87 1.02 1.17 1.30 1.49 1.53 1.64 1.49 1.56 1.70 1.85 2.06 2.37 2.75 3.15 3.52 3.85 4.19 4.45 4.65 4.99 5.21 5.18 5.10 5.22 5.32 5.19 5.01 5.08 5.12 5.22 5.26 5.41 5.33 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.71 1.69 1.69 1.66 1.69 1.71 1.64 1.88 2.36 2.89 3.45 3.74 3.85 4.89 5.49 4.77 Ireland 3.26 3.01 3.25 4.07 4.97 5.91 5.43 5.44 5.36 5.21 5.48 7.38 8.58 9.19 8.86 10.76 11.01 12.13 11.04 11.47 12.55 12.86 12.65 12.57 12.68 11.75 12.47 14.03 17.47 19.92 20.67 21.65 24.40 26.72 26.34 Israel 1.68 1.78 2.01 1.92 2.47 2.84 3.12 3.31 3.64 3.48 3.04 3.89 4.74 5.73 5.75 6.41 6.58 6.75 6.54 6.82 7.83 8.41 8.96 9.00 8.87 9.56 10.07 9.11 9.67 10.02 10.29 10.59 11.98 14.38 13.46 Italy 3.23 2.98 3.51 4.13 5.00 5.92 5.54 5.41 5.58 5.36 5.53 7.52 9.33 9.98 10.13 12.51 13.37 14.33 11.47 11.35 11.43 12.26 11.31 11.42 11.19 9.93 10.00 11.16 14.04 16.28 16.75 17.45 19.58 21.74 21.25 Japan 2.66 2.86 3.45 4.70 4.68 4.79 5.27 4.85 5.21 5.38 5.45 7.92 9.24 10.80 10.68 10.83 12.49 13.85 16.15 17.76 19.90 17.24 15.86 14.81 16.99 18.08 15.97 15.25 16.55 17.84 17.51 16.43 16.24 19.02 20.84 Korea, Republic of 0.30 0.39 0.52 0.70 0.93 0.88 0.94 1.00 1.06 1.11 1.15 1.20 1.46 2.04 2.87 3.32 4.02 4.44 4.80 5.45 6.33 7.01 6.28 4.31 5.38 6.22 5.88 6.86 7.82 8.94 10.91 12.60 13.94 11.68 10.20 Luxembourg 5.35 5.74 6.61 8.07 9.09 9.82 8.04 7.03 6.67 6.38 6.37 8.80 10.84 11.48 11.27 13.58 13.96 15.60 15.44 16.95 20.22 19.29 16.86 16.78 16.67 14.86 14.61 15.94 19.76 22.77 23.69 24.10 26.50 28.90 27.61 Mexico 1.33 1.48 1.21 1.46 1.72 1.96 2.47 1.70 1.19 1.34 1.38 0.94 0.92 1.09 1.21 1.35 1.56 1.82 2.03 2.07 1.25 1.30 1.52 1.58 1.81 2.14 2.43 2.54 2.43 2.45 2.67 2.83 3.02 3.17 2.78 Netherlands 5.06 5.27 6.13 7.60 8.66 9.14 7.49 7.49 7.25 6.67 6.69 9.30 11.55 12.04 11.50 13.93 13.98 15.52 15.28 16.03 18.40 17.62 15.95 16.51 16.43 14.72 15.34 16.87 21.09 23.73 24.24 24.93 27.66 30.82 29.98 New Zealand 3.16 2.96 3.32 4.08 4.64 5.26 5.61 5.54 5.11 4.59 4.40 5.42 6.67 8.07 7.69 8.20 8.21 7.76 7.85 8.75 9.92 10.75 10.72 8.92 9.04 8.04 7.66 8.81 11.33 13.16 14.48 14.01 16.73 16.75 15.23 Norway 5.77 6.43 7.30 8.01 8.47 9.56 9.05 8.90 8.55 8.28 8.48 10.84 13.79 15.08 14.98 17.53 17.77 19.12 17.17 17.82 20.52 20.98 19.89 20.06 20.32 18.66 19.21 22.49 25.99 28.47 30.37 32.16 37.51 40.72 37.13 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.58 0.68 0.63 0.75 0.80 0.86 0.82 0.61 0.67 0.62 0.60 0.63 0.63 0.68 0.75 0.86 0.99 1.11 1.07 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.83 1.97 2.32 2.27 2.57 2.64 2.84 3.10 3.64 4.05 5.04 6.48 5.17 Portugal 1.48 1.56 1.45 1.50 1.54 1.87 1.85 1.69 1.44 1.27 1.34 1.82 2.21 2.43 2.61 3.31 3.73 4.55 3.98 4.06 4.62 4.74 4.32 4.49 4.46 4.03 4.02 4.39 5.28 5.93 5.96 6.25 7.01 7.85 7.66 Singapore 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.87 1.01 1.16 1.40 1.51 1.69 1.86 1.88 1.83 1.96 2.32 2.62 3.09 3.49 3.95 4.18 4.96 6.07 6.56 6.47 6.00 6.10 6.31 5.96 5.79 6.16 6.45 6.38 7.50 7.31 8.49 7.94 Spain 1.73 1.96 2.24 2.80 3.89 4.30 4.03 3.87 3.35 3.30 3.46 4.63 5.66 6.35 6.64 8.41 9.06 9.93 8.44 8.38 9.41 9.88 8.96 8.90 8.87 7.95 7.99 8.85 11.11 12.60 13.17 13.81 15.64 17.62 17.48 Sri Lanka 0.25 0.22 0.29 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.30 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.38 0.42 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.58 -- Sweden 5.42 6.04 6.30 6.90 8.07 8.84 8.24 7.06 6.10 6.29 6.61 8.49 10.28 11.43 11.85 14.25 14.89 16.44 12.44 13.14 14.95 16.95 15.56 15.52 15.21 14.20 13.00 14.33 17.80 20.15 20.40 21.30 24.10 25.68 22.52 Switzerland 5.27 5.57 5.93 8.26 9.09 9.55 8.74 8.99 9.03 8.28 8.27 11.77 14.59 15.42 14.33 17.87 18.51 19.80 19.28 21.23 24.78 23.97 20.46 20.63 19.94 17.97 18.47 20.40 23.70 25.60 26.14 26.49 28.11 31.73 32.35 Taiwan 0.36 0.43 0.50 0.60 0.76 0.96 1.15 1.17 1.22 1.35 1.39 1.59 2.08 2.58 3.23 3.61 4.00 4.67 4.76 5.03 5.31 5.31 5.24 4.68 4.98 5.28 5.15 4.89 5.00 5.25 5.62 5.64 5.67 5.92 5.29 United Kingdom 2.88 2.71 2.84 3.60 4.57 5.98 5.79 5.52 5.21 4.90 5.14 6.24 7.45 8.73 8.65 10.28 10.88 11.77 10.36 10.88 11.59 12.06 13.24 14.07 14.15 13.68 13.52 14.56 16.60 18.95 19.41 20.22 22.92 21.97 18.45 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 3.37 3.72 3.97 4.50 5.00 5.55 5.66 5.63 5.68 5.61 5.60 6.52 7.54 8.42 8.73 9.81 10.47 11.05 10.90 11.24 12.12 12.05 #11.13 10.78 11.04 10.95 10.64 10.99 12.78 14.14 14.87 15.44 16.99 18.10 #17.05 OECD (3) 3.59 3.96 4.23 4.79 5.32 5.90 6.01 5.96 6.01 5.93 5.91 6.90 7.97 8.89 9.19 10.32 11.01 11.59 11.42 11.75 12.65 12.56 #11.85 11.51 11.82 11.70 11.38 11.79 13.77 15.26 16.04 16.63 18.34 19.51 18.37 Europe (3) 3.89 3.99 4.52 5.55 6.54 7.39 6.58 6.36 6.17 5.79 5.94 8.03 9.88 10.66 10.43 12.77 13.19 14.46 13.53 14.22 16.21 16.23 #14.67 14.87 14.61 13.39 13.47 14.70 17.86 20.02 20.48 21.18 23.78 25.78 24.52 Euro Area 3.88 4.00 4.62 5.65 6.63 7.39 6.45 6.25 6.11 5.72 5.86 8.06 9.95 10.58 10.35 12.73 13.09 14.43 13.72 14.35 16.48 16.37 14.71 14.79 14.45 13.10 13.23 14.43 17.86 20.01 20.44 21.12 23.70 26.23 25.45 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.84 1.95 2.08 2.02 2.27 2.60 3.03 3.45 3.90 4.25 5.26 6.48 5.53 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 0.46 0.53 0.63 0.77 0.94 1.04 1.17 1.24 1.29 1.39 1.44 1.53 1.82 2.29 2.91 3.33 3.84 4.33 4.58 5.10 5.77 6.17 #5.52 4.57 5.03 5.46 5.24 5.48 5.89 6.41 7.20 8.03 8.49 8.02 7.21 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 2.3 Production Workers: Total hourly direct pay in manufacturing, national currency, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 5.18 5.60 6.12 6.67 7.24 7.87 8.64 9.22 9.54 9.91 10.28 10.54 10.76 10.99 11.31 11.85 12.29 12.54 12.84 13.21 13.61 14.11 14.48 14.79 15.18 15.75 16.31 16.92 17.44 17.87 18.39 18.62 19.17 19.70 20.15 Australia 3.90 4.62 5.13 5.53 6.04 6.71 7.65 8.81 9.26 10.03 10.44 11.29 12.00 12.90 14.00 14.87 15.47 15.80 16.26 16.53 17.21 17.75 18.24 19.38 19.84 19.96 20.63 22.74 24.29 25.12 26.17 27.44 28.45 30.24 30.55 Austria 62.61 68.27 74.46 79.06 83.54 89.61 95.87 102.16 107.28 111.39 117.89 123.21 129.61 134.27 140.59 150.90 158.44 166.41 173.91 178.94 187.43 197.66 201.13 206.37 #15.44 15.82 16.45 16.92 17.27 17.44 18.02 18.50 19.19 20.01 20.98 Belgium 179.27 205.07 230.31 249.31 267.62 295.54 328.16 350.85 371.95 391.52 407.45 414.27 424.16 434.03 452.50 474.80 499.21 520.96 545.33 570.26 586.61 605.00 618.52 635.52 #16.11 16.57 17.20 17.67 18.56 19.17 19.22 19.65 20.13 20.98 21.56 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.86 4.18 4.26 4.20 4.39 4.76 5.11 5.71 6.30 6.86 7.40 7.92 8.60 9.20 Canada 5.79 6.60 7.31 7.83 8.53 9.42 10.57 11.83 12.54 13.17 13.62 14.01 14.49 15.05 15.85 16.67 17.47 18.08 18.50 18.81 19.07 19.66 19.78 20.18 20.46 20.98 21.10 21.36 22.26 22.98 23.60 23.53 24.79 25.22 23.93 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 35.91 42.15 49.65 59.29 65.50 71.39 74.91 80.16 87.27 91.57 97.26 102.04 106.76 113.05 123.42 129.60 133.85 Denmark 34.41 38.21 41.44 47.02 53.11 58.37 63.60 70.24 74.28 77.75 80.95 85.17 93.68 99.76 103.52 110.16 115.12 118.89 121.81 126.46 132.26 136.68 142.70 148.26 155.72 161.16 168.17 174.48 180.31 180.50 185.88 192.20 201.30 207.30 216.55 Finland 14.83 17.12 18.64 20.03 22.33 25.28 28.47 31.46 34.44 37.98 41.00 43.39 46.58 50.77 55.57 60.94 64.81 66.92 67.97 71.06 76.06 79.48 81.12 83.42 #14.42 15.10 15.81 16.37 16.95 17.67 18.02 18.67 19.16 20.02 20.72 France 14.99 17.23 19.62 22.05 24.84 28.64 32.86 38.36 43.28 46.90 49.97 52.76 54.78 56.85 59.14 61.86 64.39 66.78 67.50 68.28 69.43 70.80 72.50 73.75 #11.48 11.97 12.39 12.72 12.95 13.18 13.49 13.85 14.24 14.70 15.02 Germany 10.21 10.94 11.83 12.50 13.33 14.41 15.27 16.12 16.72 17.06 17.93 18.48 19.38 20.29 21.12 22.38 23.74 24.91 26.49 27.35 28.57 29.51 29.94 30.23 #15.47 16.39 16.79 17.12 17.54 17.56 17.84 18.14 18.71 19.14 19.40 Hong Kong SAR 3.69 4.25 4.77 5.48 6.50 7.41 8.54 9.93 10.83 12.20 13.28 14.46 16.10 18.49 21.48 24.55 27.36 29.77 32.43 34.38 35.94 38.56 40.32 40.15 39.54 40.66 41.47 40.49 39.01 39.56 39.79 40.57 41.05 42.14 41.29 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 179.62 212.71 257.37 309.45 363.31 404.67 463.18 538.62 607.84 648.94 699.10 745.52 809.63 898.45 945.09 964.82 Ireland 1.47 1.67 1.86 2.12 2.42 2.87 3.36 3.83 4.30 4.80 5.14 5.50 5.76 6.02 6.24 6.49 6.81 7.12 7.53 7.66 7.82 8.03 8.33 8.81 #11.91 12.72 13.94 14.84 15.43 16.02 16.60 17.23 17.80 18.14 18.90 Israel 1.08 1.42 2.10 3.36 6.29 14.53 35.69 80.42 204.81 1021.07 #3.59 5.79 7.56 9.16 11.01 12.92 15.00 16.60 18.52 20.53 23.57 26.86 30.91 34.19 36.71 38.97 42.34 43.15 44.03 44.92 46.16 47.21 49.22 51.60 52.93 Italy 2109.62 2471.11 3095.97 3507.76 4157.31 5068.35 6307.06 7329.52 8474.05 9412.01 10554 11217 12103 13003 13901 14991 16598 17656 18041 18291 18630 18919 19268 19841 #10.51 10.76 11.17 11.80 12.41 13.09 13.46 13.89 14.28 14.76 15.25 Japan 788.29 846.42 925.18 979.79 1021.36 1086.03 1162.22 1207.32 1236.77 1277.66 1300.80 1333.59 1336.52 1384.59 1475.16 1569.75 1680.58 1756.30 1793.97 1814.38 1870.07 1875.10 1920.36 1940.41 1932.38 1948.78 1941.06 1909.58 1919.27 1929.24 1928.16 1910.86 1912.93 1966.94 1951.98 Korea, Republic of 144.43 187.22 250.34 340.21 449.33 536.79 636.93 731.98 822.58 896.51 993.04 1065.47 1207.59 1494.98 1936.79 2359.43 2959.71 3484.24 3870.69 4396.76 4892.42 5641.16 5955.20 6034.27 6397.00 7037.66 7590.95 8583.18 9319.60 10235 11170 12025 12952 12831 12996 Luxembourg 196.70 221.48 237.05 254.14 266.46 287.06 298.60 321.07 341.23 368.45 378.07 393.06 404.60 422.15 443.99 453.93 476.83 501.63 534.32 567.30 596.22 597.18 603.13 609.11 #15.65 16.09 16.32 16.86 17.45 18.31 19.03 19.18 19.32 19.63 19.82 Mexico 16.61 21.35 27.28 33.22 39.15 45.08 60.50 96.09 142.35 225.40 354.70 575.35 1268.14 2475.79 2988.27 3784.27 4704.83 5617.69 #6.34 7.00 8.06 9.88 12.04 14.44 17.33 20.20 22.69 24.51 26.18 27.63 29.05 30.89 33.01 35.33 37.50 Netherlands 12.76 13.93 15.04 16.42 17.37 18.16 18.72 20.00 20.70 21.41 22.19 22.78 23.40 23.81 24.40 25.38 26.17 27.30 28.40 29.16 29.52 29.70 31.14 32.74 #15.42 15.94 17.13 17.84 18.63 19.08 19.47 19.85 20.17 20.93 21.52 New Zealand 2.61 2.98 3.43 3.94 4.54 5.40 6.46 7.38 7.65 7.93 8.85 10.32 11.25 12.30 12.96 13.76 14.19 14.42 14.50 14.74 15.11 15.64 16.18 16.64 17.07 17.61 18.24 18.98 19.45 19.86 20.56 21.60 22.76 23.82 24.37 Norway 30.09 35.08 38.88 41.99 42.87 47.21 52.00 57.45 62.39 67.60 72.83 80.20 92.96 98.40 103.54 109.65 115.37 118.81 121.91 125.69 130.03 135.54 140.95 151.51 158.64 164.45 172.84 179.58 184.00 191.89 195.60 206.10 219.67 229.51 233.58 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 15.96 17.28 17.17 19.93 20.69 22.48 24.03 25.00 26.18 27.56 30.35 32.39 34.37 38.20 41.56 44.25 45.87 48.99 51.09 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.00 6.86 9.22 9.86 10.51 10.79 11.04 11.34 11.77 12.55 13.95 15.60 16.15 Portugal 37.67 46.94 55.41 65.74 75.18 93.64 113.60 135.13 160.61 188.13 230.27 272.17 312.23 350.56 410.85 472.87 540.12 615.17 640.53 674.40 692.41 731.03 758.11 808.76 #4.19 4.36 4.49 4.64 4.66 4.77 4.79 4.97 5.11 5.33 5.50 Singapore 1.72 1.83 1.86 1.98 2.20 2.47 2.95 3.24 3.57 3.96 4.13 3.98 4.12 4.67 5.11 5.59 6.02 6.43 6.75 7.58 8.60 9.25 9.61 10.04 10.34 10.88 10.68 10.37 10.74 10.90 10.61 11.91 11.01 12.00 11.54 Spain 99.45 130.96 170.35 214.66 260.94 308.20 372.21 425.38 480.52 530.74 587.85 648.90 699.12 739.49 785.77 857.65 941.35 1016.18 1076.25 1122.53 1172.75 1251.52 1313.55 1329.31 #8.33 8.61 8.93 9.37 9.81 10.13 10.58 11.00 11.41 11.97 12.54 Sri Lanka 1.79 1.85 2.61 3.74 3.21 3.25 3.40 4.27 4.98 5.55 6.49 6.96 7.56 8.41 9.52 12.03 14.20 15.00 17.31 19.12 20.95 22.70 23.01 25.79 27.93 31.52 34.36 40.49 42.11 44.98 46.75 50.53 57.52 63.25 -- Sweden 22.43 26.29 28.17 31.15 34.60 37.38 41.75 44.39 46.76 52.00 56.83 60.53 65.23 70.16 76.51 84.42 90.13 95.80 97.00 101.37 106.75 113.71 118.93 123.39 125.84 130.28 134.46 139.37 143.81 148.04 152.43 157.04 162.82 169.11 172.37 Switzerland 13.61 13.92 14.23 14.68 15.12 15.99 17.12 18.27 18.96 19.47 20.31 21.16 21.76 22.57 23.46 24.84 26.58 27.83 28.50 29.02 29.27 29.62 29.69 29.93 29.99 30.38 31.20 31.76 31.88 31.84 32.55 33.22 33.74 34.37 35.20 Taiwan 13.66 16.18 18.93 22.36 27.23 34.71 42.21 45.92 48.95 53.39 55.48 60.12 66.11 73.91 85.39 97.15 107.13 117.46 125.63 133.00 140.63 145.76 150.90 157.09 160.87 165.17 174.13 168.99 172.14 175.19 180.56 183.45 186.23 186.74 174.60 United Kingdom 1.30 1.50 1.63 1.88 2.15 2.57 2.86 3.16 3.44 3.67 3.96 4.25 4.54 4.90 5.28 5.76 6.16 6.66 6.90 7.10 7.34 7.73 8.09 8.49 8.75 9.03 9.39 9.69 10.16 10.34 10.66 10.97 11.45 11.85 11.78 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 3.1 Production Workers: Indexes of hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1975-2009 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Australia 96.61 98.41 90.24 92.16 90.51 94.25 98.52 94.44 84.60 85.86 68.58 69.62 75.84 88.66 94.45 94.95 95.39 89.79 83.26 88.48 90.99 96.03 90.93 79.87 81.45 71.40 63.66 71.23 88.70 101.01 106.18 108.39 121.86 128.15 117.02 Austria 53.65 52.59 56.96 63.00 66.77 67.36 53.34 49.86 47.74 42.89 42.12 58.65 73.14 75.44 71.66 85.68 85.45 94.03 90.85 92.76 107.47 104.33 89.50 88.60 85.04 73.13 71.51 75.01 89.06 96.30 97.11 99.10 109.26 118.99 114.92 Belgium 83.52 82.20 89.16 98.73 104.17 105.57 83.46 67.88 61.68 55.03 53.50 70.64 84.63 85.26 80.91 96.51 96.47 104.99 98.95 103.39 116.99 110.46 94.76 93.81 89.33 76.99 75.21 78.78 96.24 106.49 104.16 105.87 115.30 125.46 118.81 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 23.79 23.32 21.59 13.16 13.26 10.84 9.05 9.33 10.55 13.45 16.01 18.62 20.88 19.96 Canada 106.03 115.29 108.72 99.66 97.17 98.50 97.81 99.85 101.92 97.60 92.46 91.61 97.49 106.09 112.73 115.55 119.40 114.39 106.85 99.69 98.13 98.57 94.74 88.15 86.64 85.98 80.45 77.55 87.99 95.34 102.53 107.59 116.64 116.16 100.27 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8.61 9.94 12.39 14.00 12.86 13.44 12.79 11.92 12.57 14.96 17.90 20.16 22.11 24.51 28.58 35.26 30.90 Denmark 112.49 109.79 110.03 124.94 135.06 126.43 98.25 87.17 80.73 71.74 70.27 94.92 121.19 127.50 117.94 142.10 138.61 147.80 136.05 138.77 159.27 152.40 134.65 133.92 129.13 111.01 109.25 115.85 139.72 150.37 150.19 153.84 170.93 182.27 176.94 Finland 75.90 75.96 71.74 68.71 74.02 79.84 70.21 64.78 58.70 57.54 57.91 72.65 87.90 97.49 100.76 118.46 113.66 101.86 79.16 87.95 111.16 106.57 93.59 91.54 87.68 77.12 74.86 77.91 92.41 101.67 101.16 104.16 113.65 124.00 118.27 France 60.01 57.40 58.21 65.45 71.70 76.26 61.74 55.58 51.62 46.54 46.14 61.52 71.78 72.59 68.49 80.57 78.34 84.61 78.46 79.45 88.37 85.70 74.60 73.37 69.67 60.90 59.83 63.20 75.55 83.15 83.02 84.74 92.66 99.87 94.00 Germany 69.22 66.70 71.47 79.78 84.79 84.14 64.52 59.66 56.42 49.68 48.62 66.55 82.68 86.07 81.41 95.33 95.38 105.14 102.88 105.30 121.53 115.60 98.78 97.03 90.82 79.68 75.95 78.71 93.72 102.28 101.14 101.39 110.46 118.20 110.37 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 11.19 10.82 10.43 9.85 9.75 9.44 8.69 9.64 11.65 13.87 16.10 16.99 17.25 21.36 23.31 19.71 Ireland 60.47 51.62 50.87 58.41 65.30 71.15 59.22 55.57 52.42 48.78 49.39 65.29 74.51 77.69 72.86 85.13 84.53 91.15 80.78 81.53 86.96 86.24 81.44 78.21 75.86 67.26 70.07 76.90 94.08 105.84 107.03 110.43 118.46 126.11 121.07 Israel 32.59 31.80 32.96 28.94 34.28 36.15 36.22 36.13 38.18 35.08 29.49 36.98 44.23 51.98 50.63 54.18 53.89 53.99 50.98 51.63 57.83 60.15 62.14 61.06 58.59 61.05 62.28 54.30 56.06 56.71 56.73 57.66 63.35 73.72 67.19 Italy 49.25 42.13 45.67 49.99 56.19 61.55 52.00 47.78 47.27 43.66 42.92 56.89 69.07 71.53 70.31 83.20 85.94 89.73 71.09 69.51 69.45 73.32 66.74 65.69 62.34 53.38 52.45 56.83 69.91 79.51 79.74 81.85 89.41 96.55 91.90 Japan 37.26 37.40 41.64 52.21 47.57 44.66 44.31 38.58 40.20 40.08 39.23 55.84 64.33 72.88 69.18 67.18 74.79 81.06 92.94 100.32 109.41 92.04 82.15 75.56 85.40 87.89 75.67 70.89 74.65 78.35 74.75 69.10 66.51 75.60 81.96 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 90.35 91.37 98.48 112.40 115.65 113.91 84.23 69.13 63.03 57.85 55.40 74.76 90.04 92.38 88.19 102.22 101.94 111.40 106.16 111.94 128.78 117.52 99.98 97.50 94.34 81.59 77.60 81.49 97.82 109.61 111.11 111.37 119.26 126.50 117.67 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 82.45 80.59 85.90 95.39 99.30 97.04 73.30 69.52 64.57 56.21 53.29 72.52 88.00 89.51 82.92 95.96 93.54 101.63 97.64 99.68 111.81 103.76 91.34 92.56 89.66 77.83 78.50 83.15 100.75 110.28 109.78 111.25 120.20 130.25 123.36 New Zealand 58.18 50.36 51.92 58.47 61.26 63.74 61.92 57.45 50.97 43.97 40.62 48.98 59.25 69.62 64.42 65.99 63.96 59.02 58.17 62.99 69.66 73.07 70.64 57.42 56.49 48.61 44.93 49.86 62.24 70.88 75.96 72.10 82.99 80.65 71.66 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.32 4.91 4.48 5.18 5.39 5.58 5.13 3.76 3.98 3.56 3.28 3.32 3.27 3.44 3.72 4.20 4.72 5.11 4.82 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 9.39 10.07 11.73 11.27 12.41 12.38 12.94 13.82 15.80 17.33 21.03 26.29 20.45 Portugal 24.16 23.51 20.13 19.03 17.98 20.12 18.08 15.51 12.72 10.82 10.94 14.56 17.40 18.58 19.37 23.62 25.75 30.68 26.13 25.97 28.82 28.63 25.09 25.20 24.08 20.83 20.44 21.80 25.81 28.67 28.08 29.00 31.69 34.51 32.80 Singapore 13.05 12.14 11.79 12.40 13.20 13.89 15.02 15.23 16.34 17.18 16.69 16.09 16.99 19.23 20.60 23.28 25.19 27.86 28.58 32.83 38.74 40.41 38.77 35.58 34.84 34.84 31.90 29.91 30.91 31.45 30.24 34.77 32.76 37.00 33.69 Spain 24.14 25.24 26.52 30.37 38.83 39.46 33.67 30.40 25.28 23.94 24.14 31.71 38.04 41.46 42.94 53.30 56.69 61.85 51.28 49.51 54.23 55.13 49.09 48.13 47.14 41.27 40.13 42.75 51.91 57.22 58.27 60.22 66.41 72.74 70.25 Sri Lanka 4.25 3.39 4.06 3.12 2.47 2.17 1.77 1.94 1.92 1.90 2.01 2.04 2.07 2.07 2.01 2.20 2.43 2.37 2.41 2.53 2.61 2.54 2.34 2.35 2.25 2.25 2.05 2.18 2.19 2.17 2.22 2.28 2.38 2.59 -- Sweden 104.90 108.69 103.73 102.33 106.98 108.12 91.09 74.45 62.27 60.68 61.05 76.61 91.08 98.66 99.31 114.67 114.65 121.62 91.44 93.50 103.90 114.12 101.47 98.71 93.82 84.60 74.95 79.58 95.77 105.44 104.07 107.04 117.97 122.22 104.35 Switzerland 89.58 87.37 85.24 108.55 109.83 105.57 87.49 84.35 81.03 71.37 68.49 95.30 115.91 119.10 107.49 128.70 129.11 134.83 127.98 136.93 155.94 145.95 120.89 119.09 111.76 97.45 97.16 103.60 117.55 124.45 122.23 120.48 124.31 136.28 135.28 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 54.44 47.27 45.42 52.65 61.34 73.56 64.41 57.61 52.10 47.07 47.49 56.40 65.94 74.95 72.54 83.29 85.86 89.15 75.70 76.42 78.64 78.41 83.22 86.05 83.74 78.04 75.96 80.23 90.25 102.05 101.89 104.55 115.41 107.60 87.97 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 3.2 Production Workers: Hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 4.71 5.09 5.55 6.05 6.57 7.15 7.86 8.36 8.70 9.05 9.40 9.59 9.77 10.05 10.35 10.78 11.13 11.40 11.70 12.04 12.34 12.75 13.14 13.45 13.85 14.32 14.76 15.29 15.74 16.14 16.56 16.81 17.26 17.75 18.23 Australia 4.55 5.01 5.01 5.58 5.95 6.74 7.74 7.89 7.36 7.77 6.45 6.68 7.41 8.91 9.78 10.24 10.62 10.24 9.74 10.65 11.23 12.24 11.95 10.74 11.28 10.23 9.40 10.89 13.96 16.30 17.58 18.22 21.03 22.75 21.33 Austria 2.53 2.68 3.16 3.81 4.39 4.82 4.19 4.17 4.15 3.88 3.96 5.62 7.15 7.58 7.42 9.24 9.51 10.72 10.63 11.17 13.26 13.30 11.76 11.92 11.78 10.47 10.55 11.47 14.02 15.54 16.08 16.66 18.86 21.12 20.95 Belgium 3.93 4.18 4.95 5.97 6.84 7.55 6.56 5.68 5.37 4.98 5.03 6.77 8.27 8.57 8.37 10.40 10.74 11.97 11.58 12.45 14.44 14.08 12.45 12.62 12.37 11.03 11.10 12.04 15.15 17.19 17.25 17.80 19.90 22.27 21.66 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.03 3.06 2.90 1.82 1.90 1.60 1.38 1.47 1.70 2.23 2.69 3.21 3.71 3.64 Canada 4.99 5.87 6.03 6.03 6.38 7.04 7.69 8.35 8.87 8.83 8.69 8.79 9.52 10.66 11.67 12.46 13.29 13.04 12.50 12.00 12.11 12.57 12.45 11.86 12.00 12.31 11.87 11.86 13.85 15.39 16.98 18.09 20.13 20.62 18.28 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.01 1.20 1.53 1.79 1.69 1.81 1.77 1.71 1.86 2.29 2.82 3.25 3.66 4.12 4.93 6.26 5.63 Denmark 5.30 5.59 6.11 7.56 8.87 9.04 7.72 7.29 7.02 6.49 6.61 9.10 11.84 12.81 12.21 15.32 15.43 16.85 15.92 16.71 19.65 19.43 17.69 18.01 17.88 15.90 16.12 17.71 21.99 24.27 24.87 25.86 29.50 32.35 32.26 Finland 3.57 3.87 3.98 4.16 4.86 5.71 5.52 5.42 5.11 5.21 5.44 6.97 8.59 9.80 10.43 12.77 12.65 11.61 9.26 10.59 13.72 13.59 12.30 12.31 12.14 11.04 11.05 11.91 14.55 16.41 16.75 17.51 19.62 22.01 21.56 France 2.83 2.92 3.23 3.96 4.71 5.45 4.85 4.65 4.49 4.21 4.34 5.90 7.01 7.30 7.09 8.69 8.72 9.65 9.18 9.57 10.90 10.93 9.80 9.87 9.65 8.72 8.83 9.66 11.89 13.42 13.75 14.25 15.99 17.73 17.14 Germany 3.26 3.39 3.97 4.83 5.57 6.02 5.07 4.99 4.91 4.50 4.57 6.38 8.08 8.65 8.43 10.28 10.62 11.99 12.04 12.68 15.00 14.74 12.98 13.05 12.58 11.41 11.21 12.03 14.75 16.51 16.75 17.04 19.07 20.98 20.12 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.35 1.34 1.33 1.29 1.31 1.31 1.24 1.42 1.78 2.18 2.60 2.81 2.90 3.69 4.14 3.59 Ireland 2.85 2.63 2.82 3.53 4.29 5.09 4.65 4.65 4.56 4.41 4.64 6.26 7.28 7.81 7.54 9.18 9.41 10.39 9.45 9.82 10.73 11.00 10.70 10.52 10.51 9.63 10.34 11.76 14.81 17.08 17.72 18.56 20.45 22.38 22.07 Israel 1.54 1.62 1.83 1.75 2.25 2.58 2.85 3.02 3.32 3.17 2.77 3.55 4.32 5.22 5.24 5.84 6.00 6.15 5.96 6.22 7.14 7.67 8.17 8.21 8.12 8.74 9.19 8.30 8.82 9.15 9.39 9.69 10.93 13.08 12.25 Italy 2.32 2.14 2.53 3.02 3.69 4.40 4.09 3.99 4.11 3.95 4.03 5.46 6.75 7.19 7.28 8.97 9.56 10.23 8.32 8.37 8.57 9.35 8.77 8.84 8.63 7.64 7.74 8.69 11.00 12.83 13.21 13.76 15.43 17.14 16.75 Japan 1.75 1.90 2.31 3.16 3.13 3.19 3.48 3.23 3.50 3.63 3.69 5.36 6.28 7.32 7.16 7.24 8.32 9.24 10.87 12.08 13.50 11.73 10.80 10.16 11.83 12.59 11.17 10.84 11.75 12.65 12.38 11.61 11.48 13.42 14.94 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 4.26 4.65 5.47 6.80 7.60 8.14 6.62 5.78 5.48 5.24 5.21 7.17 8.80 9.28 9.13 11.02 11.35 12.70 12.42 13.48 15.89 14.98 13.14 13.11 13.07 11.68 11.45 12.46 15.40 17.69 18.40 18.72 20.58 22.45 21.45 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 3.88 4.10 4.77 5.77 6.52 6.94 5.76 5.81 5.62 5.09 5.01 6.95 8.60 9.00 8.58 10.34 10.41 11.59 11.42 12.00 13.80 13.23 12.00 12.45 12.42 11.15 11.59 12.71 15.86 17.80 18.18 18.70 20.75 23.12 22.49 New Zealand 2.74 2.56 2.88 3.54 4.02 4.56 4.87 4.80 4.43 3.98 3.82 4.70 5.79 7.00 6.67 7.11 7.12 6.73 6.81 7.58 8.60 9.32 9.28 7.72 7.82 6.96 6.63 7.62 9.80 11.44 12.58 12.12 14.32 14.31 13.06 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.48 0.56 0.52 0.62 0.67 0.71 0.67 0.51 0.55 0.51 0.48 0.51 0.51 0.55 0.62 0.71 0.82 0.91 0.88 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.23 1.35 1.62 1.61 1.83 1.89 2.04 2.23 2.62 2.91 3.63 4.67 3.73 Portugal 1.14 1.20 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.44 1.42 1.30 1.11 0.98 1.03 1.40 1.70 1.87 2.01 2.55 2.87 3.50 3.06 3.13 3.56 3.65 3.30 3.39 3.34 2.98 3.02 3.33 4.06 4.63 4.65 4.87 5.47 6.13 5.98 Singapore 0.61 0.62 0.65 0.75 0.87 0.99 1.18 1.27 1.42 1.55 1.57 1.54 1.66 1.93 2.13 2.51 2.80 3.18 3.34 3.95 4.78 5.15 5.09 4.79 4.82 4.99 4.71 4.57 4.86 5.08 5.01 5.84 5.65 6.57 6.14 Spain 1.14 1.28 1.47 1.84 2.55 2.82 2.65 2.54 2.20 2.17 2.27 3.04 3.72 4.17 4.44 5.75 6.31 7.05 6.00 5.96 6.69 7.03 6.45 6.47 6.53 5.91 5.92 6.54 8.17 9.23 9.65 10.12 11.46 12.91 12.81 Sri Lanka 0.20 0.17 0.23 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.30 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.38 0.41 0.46 -- Sweden 4.94 5.53 5.76 6.19 7.03 7.73 7.16 6.22 5.42 5.49 5.74 7.35 8.90 9.92 10.28 12.36 12.76 13.86 10.70 11.26 12.82 14.55 13.33 13.28 12.99 12.11 11.06 12.17 15.07 17.02 17.23 17.99 20.36 21.69 19.02 Switzerland 4.22 4.45 4.73 6.57 7.22 7.55 6.88 7.05 7.05 6.46 6.44 9.14 11.32 11.97 11.12 13.87 14.37 15.37 14.97 16.49 19.24 18.61 15.89 16.02 15.48 13.95 14.34 15.84 18.50 20.09 20.24 20.25 21.46 24.19 24.66 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 2.56 2.41 2.52 3.19 4.03 5.26 5.06 4.82 4.53 4.26 4.46 5.41 6.44 7.53 7.51 8.98 9.56 10.16 8.86 9.20 9.70 10.00 10.94 11.57 11.60 11.17 11.21 12.27 14.21 16.47 16.87 17.57 19.92 19.10 16.04 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 3.3 Production Workers: Hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, national currency, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 4.71 5.09 5.55 6.05 6.57 7.15 7.86 8.36 8.70 9.05 9.40 9.59 9.77 10.05 10.35 10.78 11.13 11.40 11.70 12.04 12.34 12.75 13.14 13.45 13.85 14.32 14.76 15.29 15.74 16.14 16.56 16.81 17.26 17.75 18.23 Australia 3.47 4.09 4.52 4.87 5.32 5.91 6.74 7.76 8.16 8.83 9.20 9.95 10.57 11.36 12.34 13.10 13.63 13.92 14.33 14.56 15.16 15.64 16.07 17.08 17.48 17.58 18.18 20.03 21.40 22.14 23.05 24.18 25.07 26.65 26.91 Austria 43.97 48.02 52.26 55.27 58.65 62.34 66.86 71.12 74.63 77.65 81.87 85.82 90.38 93.69 98.17 104.65 111.15 117.82 123.71 127.42 133.63 140.86 143.55 147.52 #11.06 11.34 11.79 12.13 12.38 12.50 12.92 13.26 13.75 14.34 15.03 Belgium 144.35 161.41 177.29 187.79 200.71 220.69 243.99 259.80 274.31 287.58 298.42 302.56 308.90 315.21 330.00 347.73 367.16 384.79 400.33 416.09 425.44 436.15 445.90 458.16 #11.61 11.94 12.40 12.74 13.38 13.82 13.86 14.17 14.51 15.12 15.54 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.05 3.30 3.37 3.32 3.47 3.77 4.04 4.51 4.98 5.42 5.85 6.26 6.80 7.27 Canada 5.08 5.79 6.41 6.87 7.48 8.23 9.22 10.30 10.93 11.44 11.87 12.21 12.63 13.12 13.82 14.53 15.23 15.76 16.13 16.40 16.62 17.14 17.24 17.59 17.83 18.29 18.39 18.62 19.40 20.03 20.57 20.51 21.61 21.98 20.86 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 29.35 34.46 40.59 48.47 53.55 58.36 61.24 65.88 70.58 74.87 79.49 83.62 87.71 93.10 101.27 106.80 109.13 Denmark 30.38 33.77 36.66 41.63 46.68 50.93 55.10 60.81 64.26 67.22 70.01 73.69 81.08 86.38 89.37 94.82 98.79 101.72 103.25 106.20 110.06 112.70 116.94 120.73 125.01 128.69 134.36 139.69 144.65 145.35 149.11 153.67 160.53 164.63 172.81 Finland 13.15 14.94 16.04 17.12 18.94 21.29 23.82 26.11 28.45 31.30 33.74 35.32 37.75 40.98 44.75 48.83 51.16 52.01 52.91 55.31 59.90 62.41 63.85 65.80 #11.40 11.96 12.34 12.60 12.85 13.19 13.46 13.94 14.31 14.95 15.47 France 12.10 13.95 15.88 17.82 20.04 23.04 26.40 30.57 34.22 36.79 38.95 40.86 42.16 43.48 45.23 47.31 49.24 51.06 52.02 53.05 54.37 55.90 57.24 58.22 #9.06 9.45 9.87 10.22 10.50 10.79 11.04 11.34 11.66 12.04 12.30 Germany 8.01 8.54 9.21 9.68 10.21 10.93 11.48 12.11 12.54 12.79 13.45 13.85 14.52 15.20 15.85 16.61 17.63 18.72 19.91 20.56 21.48 22.18 22.52 22.96 #11.81 12.36 12.52 12.73 13.03 13.27 13.45 13.57 13.91 14.25 14.44 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 141.68 167.79 203.01 241.73 281.04 309.95 351.24 407.79 459.45 489.72 526.71 561.69 609.99 676.91 712.05 726.91 Ireland 1.28 1.45 1.62 1.84 2.10 2.47 2.88 3.27 3.65 4.06 4.36 4.67 4.89 5.12 5.31 5.53 5.82 6.09 6.44 6.55 6.69 6.87 7.05 7.38 #9.86 10.43 11.55 12.44 13.08 13.73 14.24 14.78 14.91 15.20 15.84 Israel 0.98 1.29 1.91 3.06 5.73 13.25 32.54 73.30 186.69 930.73 #3.27 5.28 6.89 8.35 10.04 11.77 13.67 15.13 16.88 18.72 21.49 24.48 28.16 31.21 33.60 35.65 38.67 39.34 40.18 41.02 42.16 43.19 44.92 46.95 48.16 Italy 1513.40 1780.52 2237.32 2567.01 3067.51 3768.03 4653.71 5408.14 6247.95 6939.51 7700.89 8136.05 8752.67 9362.04 9986.74 10748 11873 12604 13087 13486 13965 14422 14942 15346 #8.10 8.28 8.65 9.19 9.72 10.32 10.61 10.95 11.26 11.64 12.02 Japan 520.63 564.22 618.83 658.32 681.84 723.60 768.35 803.24 830.86 861.25 879.39 901.56 908.76 938.74 988.63 1050.05 1120.27 1171.61 1207.86 1234.17 1268.56 1276.53 1306.86 1331.28 1345.19 1356.70 1357.73 1357.29 1362.36 1367.61 1363.01 1350.93 1351.82 1387.36 1399.62 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 156.52 179.57 195.89 214.14 222.78 238.14 245.82 264.07 280.39 302.48 309.20 320.24 328.41 341.37 359.61 368.26 387.46 408.28 429.75 450.96 468.48 463.88 469.93 476.04 #12.26 12.66 12.80 13.18 13.60 14.22 14.78 14.90 15.01 15.25 15.39 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 9.80 10.84 11.70 12.47 13.09 13.79 14.40 15.53 16.04 16.32 16.62 17.03 17.42 17.79 18.21 18.84 19.49 20.38 21.23 21.83 22.14 22.31 23.43 24.69 #11.66 12.07 12.94 13.45 14.01 14.31 14.60 14.89 15.13 15.70 16.14 New Zealand 2.26 2.59 2.97 3.41 3.94 4.68 5.60 6.40 6.64 6.88 7.68 8.95 9.76 10.67 11.24 11.93 12.31 12.51 12.57 12.78 13.10 13.55 14.01 14.41 14.78 15.24 15.78 16.41 16.83 17.26 17.87 18.69 19.49 20.37 20.91 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13.20 14.29 14.20 16.48 17.12 18.59 19.88 20.68 21.53 22.54 24.69 26.20 27.88 31.08 33.90 36.19 37.62 40.18 41.90 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.05 4.71 6.45 7.02 7.50 7.72 7.92 8.16 8.47 9.04 10.05 11.24 11.63 Portugal 28.96 36.08 42.59 50.54 57.80 71.99 87.33 103.89 123.48 144.63 177.03 209.24 240.04 269.50 315.79 363.39 414.99 472.56 492.42 518.85 533.10 563.26 578.35 610.94 #3.13 3.23 3.37 3.53 3.59 3.72 3.73 3.88 3.99 4.16 4.29 Singapore 1.46 1.53 1.60 1.71 1.89 2.13 2.50 2.72 3.00 3.32 3.45 3.36 3.50 3.89 4.16 4.55 4.84 5.17 5.40 6.04 6.77 7.27 7.57 8.00 8.18 8.61 8.44 8.19 8.48 8.58 8.33 9.28 8.52 9.29 8.93 Spain 65.28 85.96 111.81 140.89 171.27 202.29 244.30 279.20 315.39 348.36 385.84 425.91 458.87 485.37 526.06 585.64 655.60 721.82 764.81 798.03 834.08 890.47 945.20 967.26 #6.13 6.40 6.62 6.91 7.22 7.42 7.75 8.06 8.36 8.77 9.19 Sri Lanka 1.41 1.46 2.06 2.95 2.53 2.56 2.68 3.37 3.93 4.38 5.12 5.49 5.96 6.63 7.51 9.49 11.20 11.83 13.65 15.08 16.52 17.90 18.15 20.34 22.03 24.86 27.10 31.93 33.21 35.47 36.87 39.85 45.36 49.88 -- Sweden 20.47 24.10 25.72 27.96 30.13 32.71 36.27 39.11 41.56 45.42 49.37 52.36 56.48 60.85 66.35 73.22 77.23 80.77 83.40 86.86 91.55 97.60 101.92 105.58 107.51 111.13 114.41 118.30 121.77 125.05 128.76 132.65 137.54 142.85 145.60 Switzerland 10.89 11.11 11.34 11.67 12.00 12.64 13.48 14.34 14.81 15.18 15.81 16.43 16.90 17.52 18.21 19.28 20.64 21.61 22.13 22.53 22.73 23.00 23.06 23.24 23.29 23.59 24.22 24.66 24.88 24.98 25.20 25.39 25.75 26.20 26.83 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 1.15 1.33 1.44 1.66 1.90 2.26 2.50 2.76 2.99 3.19 3.44 3.69 3.93 4.23 4.58 5.03 5.41 5.75 5.90 6.01 6.15 6.41 6.68 6.98 7.17 7.37 7.79 8.16 8.69 8.99 9.27 9.53 9.95 10.30 10.24 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 4.1 Production Workers: Indexes of hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1975-2009 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Australia 119.12 125.71 118.65 122.07 120.64 126.49 133.19 124.53 118.05 121.72 98.36 94.44 100.89 127.33 137.45 129.19 123.62 121.53 115.80 122.74 119.29 121.55 120.62 107.91 114.47 96.24 81.97 89.94 110.62 126.90 129.46 135.57 149.01 157.50 149.88 Austria 227.94 219.64 235.64 265.99 279.79 292.88 231.75 212.63 215.85 195.67 196.92 256.70 312.79 347.59 333.76 381.56 349.07 388.73 379.77 385.40 420.18 394.46 352.72 353.73 351.31 288.19 269.25 277.10 325.07 354.23 346.67 362.91 391.14 428.17 430.92 Belgium 202.56 220.15 259.66 317.33 342.85 355.96 288.31 232.38 226.93 208.84 207.67 262.06 311.16 341.95 323.74 355.42 333.08 372.50 369.23 393.63 430.38 400.93 360.45 363.44 360.00 297.58 277.66 285.22 344.17 383.64 364.19 379.72 404.30 442.17 436.35 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 59.09 60.70 57.23 36.29 35.06 27.39 22.41 22.82 26.01 32.18 39.29 44.68 50.36 50.16 Canada 148.72 159.76 148.17 136.83 135.73 141.05 143.51 144.29 155.32 154.68 144.63 135.54 141.44 166.17 178.92 171.45 168.76 168.85 162.09 150.82 140.31 136.07 137.05 129.88 132.80 126.39 112.96 106.78 119.68 130.63 136.34 146.77 155.55 155.70 140.05 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 19.79 22.81 26.87 29.31 28.20 30.03 29.72 25.79 28.34 31.21 36.97 41.33 43.37 48.67 56.62 68.53 66.42 Denmark 149.40 142.92 139.77 158.63 183.62 183.50 151.82 132.07 130.11 118.05 116.67 148.62 185.55 210.14 201.34 231.76 219.99 250.17 252.05 272.07 312.06 303.97 291.54 305.54 330.27 279.65 262.21 269.80 318.14 338.35 334.51 357.44 393.23 430.12 424.83 Finland 97.39 109.71 113.07 114.81 130.63 148.59 137.57 129.74 127.83 128.98 132.50 166.80 202.77 247.67 262.43 296.26 291.22 292.61 232.18 257.28 291.32 273.14 248.79 245.26 241.80 201.84 200.31 218.29 272.48 321.10 310.05 327.49 349.35 383.09 380.77 France 143.63 133.53 133.54 152.42 169.39 184.21 151.34 138.32 141.29 134.29 138.73 179.99 211.75 237.51 227.14 249.85 231.48 261.15 240.50 234.43 237.56 214.16 195.46 195.91 193.63 162.43 145.87 144.33 162.41 171.17 165.86 173.69 185.66 201.13 197.27 Germany 191.28 185.58 198.33 228.07 255.51 265.72 213.28 192.95 194.57 174.05 172.16 223.58 272.09 306.77 291.81 333.39 317.38 348.29 350.21 357.51 389.96 358.14 319.90 307.16 293.31 259.66 247.00 254.07 299.75 307.62 297.78 316.51 345.34 369.22 359.86 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30.78 28.13 26.19 27.11 28.55 30.02 27.66 29.51 35.20 41.66 49.02 50.24 52.30 63.31 69.45 61.19 Ireland 87.54 75.23 74.28 87.52 101.41 114.50 98.72 93.01 95.51 92.82 94.57 117.61 130.90 146.55 137.40 148.04 138.09 153.33 140.02 141.35 142.87 137.17 145.75 152.34 163.59 147.51 137.82 138.71 155.97 163.56 160.53 169.90 207.60 222.13 222.22 Israel 31.71 30.56 31.15 27.56 32.85 34.89 35.20 34.25 38.30 35.75 30.41 36.06 42.31 53.68 52.98 53.00 50.21 52.54 50.98 51.50 54.51 54.74 59.62 58.32 56.56 56.78 56.37 49.17 49.54 50.09 48.62 49.70 54.92 66.49 63.15 Italy 194.49 161.80 170.68 179.75 197.10 211.16 185.00 165.80 174.09 163.37 168.96 216.50 260.53 295.91 297.07 331.20 328.37 360.54 277.26 254.48 225.30 214.34 189.87 192.56 192.25 159.67 145.99 150.99 178.45 198.69 193.40 203.62 217.46 236.03 234.11 Japan 191.99 185.23 200.75 250.14 233.86 222.35 227.44 189.56 203.02 203.48 199.73 268.89 298.38 368.23 367.01 335.06 359.08 405.58 464.65 484.64 503.80 404.66 378.95 346.00 388.07 382.94 310.03 269.79 281.92 299.43 279.93 265.34 250.05 287.51 306.84 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 232.50 211.18 201.51 206.00 223.91 232.60 181.10 145.75 141.37 132.49 131.09 170.80 205.86 232.56 223.05 239.65 225.70 255.35 266.13 296.77 341.00 316.62 278.45 272.76 270.69 221.36 203.98 213.03 256.08 293.02 288.28 296.41 310.31 330.84 320.68 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 249.60 227.43 239.26 296.68 320.58 305.83 220.21 195.56 194.24 184.14 189.67 246.29 297.43 321.88 303.92 335.59 307.99 346.31 339.83 343.86 362.25 322.54 295.03 301.88 301.57 248.91 242.24 254.13 307.19 342.03 330.45 343.53 362.86 395.19 390.05 New Zealand 89.27 76.33 77.40 87.82 92.59 97.00 94.92 85.90 80.65 70.67 66.07 75.34 89.37 113.38 106.31 101.81 93.99 90.58 91.93 99.48 104.17 105.71 107.31 89.02 91.27 75.48 66.76 72.85 89.78 99.40 103.39 104.15 126.08 124.69 112.55 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8.66 10.30 9.64 11.13 10.95 10.94 10.54 7.86 8.94 7.92 7.18 7.34 7.03 7.33 7.58 8.65 9.38 10.19 10.02 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 44.53 45.91 52.46 45.50 47.44 45.99 47.06 50.16 55.60 62.44 73.97 92.82 75.26 Portugal 72.84 70.01 58.98 56.17 53.39 60.15 54.47 45.58 39.54 34.17 34.97 44.02 51.57 59.47 62.86 71.72 74.53 92.83 80.97 80.01 83.65 79.97 76.62 81.65 84.43 72.72 64.85 64.36 71.19 75.11 71.39 75.63 80.79 88.44 87.60 Singapore 23.69 23.58 19.14 19.73 21.90 22.59 27.40 28.09 31.82 35.14 34.66 30.04 29.99 41.13 50.77 53.90 58.80 67.78 73.49 86.12 101.44 103.38 102.78 90.71 95.79 92.03 80.63 74.46 76.31 79.05 74.55 91.08 86.81 98.53 93.49 Spain 126.69 130.86 135.23 156.03 200.73 205.38 176.51 155.46 136.78 131.64 134.27 166.83 196.24 230.92 228.50 249.48 237.19 252.85 215.13 206.87 213.83 209.59 187.97 180.29 176.29 141.94 133.76 141.76 172.48 194.22 191.96 203.51 219.43 241.54 243.10 Sri Lanka 11.41 9.00 10.58 8.21 6.54 5.77 4.75 5.07 5.32 5.35 5.71 5.50 5.47 5.91 5.81 5.94 6.26 6.36 6.67 6.98 6.80 6.38 6.16 6.29 6.28 6.03 5.25 5.47 5.41 5.42 5.36 5.66 5.77 6.33 -- Sweden 100.98 97.98 96.01 114.49 156.35 153.74 137.77 98.20 80.48 92.41 97.96 120.11 139.14 160.62 163.82 176.85 183.84 226.83 153.59 160.48 167.52 176.59 166.36 166.63 166.53 145.56 125.23 132.55 160.10 180.41 172.81 182.34 196.44 204.57 182.00 Switzerland 223.92 218.47 211.28 274.66 281.83 277.75 236.84 226.27 234.83 211.72 207.54 275.70 328.88 364.80 333.61 373.44 356.86 389.18 379.64 405.12 436.02 394.00 342.01 343.14 334.99 280.12 266.80 278.97 305.34 318.04 321.83 343.95 349.08 386.96 400.28 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 66.87 58.38 56.72 66.95 80.97 100.36 92.50 82.56 80.58 74.23 76.50 87.01 101.35 126.58 118.88 121.99 114.28 141.49 132.79 143.16 148.48 151.92 172.55 185.51 191.68 174.80 148.91 140.31 140.57 142.84 138.41 145.69 157.23 147.33 125.52 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 4.2 Production Workers: Hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 0.47 0.51 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.72 0.78 0.86 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.95 0.99 0.94 0.96 1.07 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.17 1.27 1.36 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.43 1.55 1.63 1.70 1.73 1.83 1.81 1.91 1.95 1.92 Australia 0.56 0.65 0.68 0.75 0.80 0.91 1.05 1.07 0.99 1.05 0.87 0.90 1.00 1.20 1.32 1.38 1.43 1.38 1.32 1.44 1.52 1.65 1.61 1.45 1.52 1.38 1.27 1.47 1.88 2.20 2.37 2.46 2.84 3.07 2.88 Austria 1.07 1.13 1.34 1.64 1.86 2.11 1.82 1.82 1.82 1.69 1.74 2.45 3.10 3.28 3.20 4.08 4.05 4.42 4.31 4.52 5.34 5.36 4.72 4.75 4.67 4.13 4.17 4.53 5.54 6.14 6.36 6.58 7.45 8.35 8.28 Belgium 0.95 1.13 1.48 1.96 2.28 2.56 2.26 1.99 1.91 1.80 1.84 2.50 3.09 3.23 3.11 3.80 3.86 4.24 4.19 4.61 5.47 5.45 4.82 4.88 4.79 4.27 4.30 4.66 5.86 6.65 6.68 6.89 7.70 8.62 8.38 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.80 0.81 0.77 0.48 0.50 0.42 0.37 0.39 0.45 0.59 0.71 0.85 0.98 0.96 Canada 0.70 0.82 0.84 0.84 0.90 1.01 1.13 1.23 1.31 1.33 1.28 1.29 1.40 1.57 1.72 1.83 1.96 1.92 1.84 1.77 1.78 1.85 1.83 1.75 1.77 1.81 1.75 1.75 2.04 2.27 2.50 2.66 2.96 3.04 2.69 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.22 0.27 0.34 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.37 0.44 0.51 0.63 0.72 0.80 0.88 1.08 1.34 1.28 Denmark 0.70 0.73 0.80 0.98 1.22 1.32 1.19 1.13 1.10 1.02 1.03 1.42 1.84 1.99 1.93 2.48 2.55 2.84 2.86 3.19 3.97 4.13 3.90 4.11 4.39 4.01 4.06 4.41 5.42 5.87 6.13 6.49 7.49 8.39 8.16 Finland 0.46 0.56 0.64 0.71 0.87 1.07 1.08 1.11 1.08 1.11 1.17 1.59 2.01 2.34 2.52 3.17 3.38 3.33 2.64 3.01 3.70 3.71 3.33 3.30 3.22 2.89 3.10 3.57 4.64 5.57 5.68 5.94 6.66 7.47 7.32 France 0.67 0.69 0.76 0.94 1.13 1.32 1.19 1.18 1.19 1.16 1.23 1.72 2.10 2.24 2.18 2.67 2.68 2.97 2.73 2.75 3.02 2.91 2.61 2.63 2.58 2.33 2.26 2.36 2.77 2.97 3.04 3.15 3.54 3.92 3.79 Germany 0.90 0.95 1.13 1.41 1.70 1.91 1.67 1.65 1.64 1.50 1.52 2.13 2.70 2.90 2.80 3.57 3.68 3.96 3.98 4.19 4.96 4.87 4.28 4.13 3.90 3.72 3.82 4.15 5.11 5.34 5.46 5.74 6.58 7.20 6.92 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.46 0.58 0.71 0.85 0.92 0.95 1.21 1.35 1.18 Ireland 0.41 0.39 0.42 0.54 0.67 0.82 0.77 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.84 1.12 1.30 1.38 1.32 1.58 1.60 1.74 1.59 1.66 1.82 1.87 1.95 2.05 2.18 2.12 2.13 2.27 2.66 2.84 2.94 3.08 3.96 4.33 4.27 Israel 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.29 0.32 0.31 0.27 0.34 0.42 0.51 0.51 0.57 0.58 0.60 0.58 0.60 0.69 0.74 0.80 0.78 0.75 0.81 0.87 0.80 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.90 1.05 1.30 1.21 Italy 0.91 0.83 0.97 1.11 1.31 1.52 1.45 1.42 1.47 1.41 1.49 2.07 2.58 2.80 2.85 3.54 3.81 4.10 3.15 2.98 2.86 2.91 2.54 2.59 2.56 2.29 2.26 2.47 3.04 3.45 3.55 3.69 4.14 4.60 4.50 Japan 0.90 0.95 1.14 1.54 1.56 1.60 1.79 1.62 1.71 1.75 1.77 2.57 2.96 3.48 3.52 3.58 4.16 4.61 5.28 5.68 6.40 5.50 5.07 4.65 5.16 5.49 4.80 4.41 4.80 5.19 5.13 4.81 4.76 5.61 5.90 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 1.09 1.09 1.15 1.27 1.49 1.67 1.42 1.25 1.19 1.14 1.16 1.63 2.04 2.20 2.14 2.56 2.62 2.90 3.02 3.48 4.33 4.31 3.72 3.67 3.60 3.17 3.16 3.48 4.36 5.08 5.29 5.38 5.91 6.45 6.16 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 1.17 1.17 1.36 1.83 2.13 2.20 1.73 1.67 1.63 1.59 1.68 2.35 2.95 3.04 2.92 3.59 3.57 3.94 3.86 4.03 4.60 4.39 3.95 4.06 4.01 3.57 3.75 4.15 5.23 5.93 6.06 6.23 6.91 7.71 7.50 New Zealand 0.42 0.39 0.44 0.54 0.62 0.70 0.75 0.74 0.68 0.61 0.58 0.72 0.89 1.07 1.02 1.09 1.09 1.03 1.04 1.17 1.32 1.44 1.44 1.20 1.21 1.08 1.03 1.19 1.53 1.72 1.90 1.89 2.40 2.43 2.16 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.19 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.60 0.62 0.70 0.65 0.73 0.75 0.80 0.87 1.02 1.13 1.41 1.81 1.45 Portugal 0.34 0.36 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.43 0.43 0.39 0.33 0.29 0.31 0.42 0.51 0.56 0.60 0.77 0.86 1.06 0.92 0.94 1.06 1.09 1.02 1.10 1.12 1.04 1.00 1.05 1.21 1.30 1.31 1.37 1.54 1.72 1.68 Singapore 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.22 0.24 0.27 0.30 0.31 0.29 0.30 0.39 0.49 0.58 0.68 0.77 0.83 1.01 1.29 1.41 1.37 1.22 1.27 1.32 1.25 1.22 1.30 1.37 1.37 1.65 1.65 1.92 1.80 Spain 0.60 0.67 0.77 0.96 1.34 1.48 1.39 1.33 1.15 1.13 1.19 1.59 1.95 2.18 2.19 2.67 2.75 2.88 2.44 2.42 2.72 2.85 2.51 2.42 2.35 2.04 2.07 2.32 2.94 3.37 3.52 3.69 4.18 4.71 4.67 Sri Lanka 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 -- Sweden 0.47 0.50 0.55 0.71 1.04 1.11 1.08 0.84 0.68 0.80 0.87 1.15 1.38 1.52 1.57 1.89 2.13 2.58 1.74 1.88 2.13 2.40 2.22 2.24 2.22 2.09 1.94 2.17 2.73 3.13 3.17 3.31 3.74 3.99 3.50 Switzerland 1.05 1.12 1.20 1.69 1.88 2.00 1.86 1.94 1.98 1.82 1.84 2.63 3.26 3.45 3.20 3.99 4.14 4.43 4.31 4.75 5.54 5.36 4.57 4.61 4.46 4.02 4.13 4.56 5.20 5.52 5.90 6.24 6.65 7.54 7.69 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 0.31 0.30 0.32 0.41 0.54 0.72 0.73 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.68 0.83 1.00 1.20 1.14 1.30 1.32 1.61 1.51 1.68 1.89 2.07 2.31 2.49 2.55 2.51 2.30 2.29 2.40 2.48 2.54 2.64 3.00 2.87 2.41 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 4.3 Production Workers: Hourly direct benefits in manufacturing, national currency, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 0.47 0.51 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.72 0.78 0.86 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.95 0.99 0.94 0.96 1.07 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.17 1.27 1.36 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.43 1.55 1.63 1.70 1.73 1.83 1.81 1.91 1.95 1.92 Australia 0.43 0.53 0.61 0.66 0.72 0.80 0.91 1.05 1.10 1.19 1.24 1.34 1.43 1.53 1.67 1.77 1.84 1.88 1.93 1.97 2.05 2.11 2.17 2.31 2.36 2.37 2.45 2.70 2.89 2.99 3.11 3.26 3.38 3.60 3.63 Austria 18.64 20.25 22.20 23.79 24.89 27.27 29.01 31.05 32.64 33.74 36.02 37.38 39.23 40.58 42.42 46.25 47.29 48.59 50.19 51.52 53.80 56.80 57.58 58.85 #4.39 4.48 4.66 4.79 4.89 4.94 5.11 5.24 5.44 5.67 5.94 Belgium 34.92 43.66 53.02 61.51 66.91 74.85 84.17 91.05 97.64 103.94 109.02 111.71 115.25 118.83 122.50 127.07 132.05 136.17 145.00 154.16 161.16 168.84 172.62 177.36 #4.50 4.62 4.80 4.93 5.18 5.35 5.36 5.48 5.62 5.85 6.02 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.81 0.87 0.89 0.88 0.92 1.00 1.07 1.20 1.32 1.44 1.55 1.66 1.80 1.93 Canada 0.71 0.81 0.90 0.96 1.06 1.19 1.35 1.52 1.61 1.73 1.75 1.80 1.86 1.93 2.03 2.14 2.24 2.32 2.37 2.41 2.45 2.52 2.54 2.59 2.63 2.69 2.71 2.74 2.86 2.95 3.03 3.02 3.18 3.24 3.07 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6.55 7.69 9.06 10.82 11.95 13.03 13.67 14.28 16.69 16.71 17.77 18.42 19.05 19.95 22.15 22.80 24.72 Denmark 4.03 4.44 4.78 5.39 6.43 7.44 8.50 9.43 10.02 10.53 10.94 11.48 12.60 13.38 14.15 15.35 16.33 17.17 18.57 20.26 22.21 23.98 25.77 27.53 30.71 32.47 33.81 34.78 35.65 35.15 36.77 38.54 40.77 42.67 43.74 Finland 1.68 2.18 2.60 2.91 3.39 3.99 4.66 5.35 5.99 6.68 7.27 8.07 8.84 9.79 10.81 12.12 13.65 14.90 15.06 15.75 16.16 17.06 17.27 17.62 #3.02 3.14 3.46 3.77 4.10 4.48 4.57 4.73 4.86 5.07 5.25 France 2.89 3.28 3.74 4.23 4.80 5.60 6.46 7.79 9.06 10.11 11.02 11.90 12.62 13.37 13.91 14.56 15.15 15.72 15.48 15.23 15.05 14.90 15.26 15.53 #2.42 2.52 2.52 2.50 2.44 2.39 2.44 2.51 2.58 2.66 2.72 Germany 2.21 2.40 2.62 2.82 3.12 3.47 3.79 4.01 4.18 4.27 4.48 4.63 4.85 5.09 5.27 5.77 6.11 6.19 6.58 6.79 7.10 7.33 7.42 7.26 #3.66 4.03 4.27 4.39 4.51 4.29 4.39 4.57 4.80 4.89 4.96 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 37.94 44.93 54.36 67.71 82.27 94.71 111.93 130.83 148.39 159.22 172.39 183.83 199.64 221.54 233.04 237.91 Ireland 0.19 0.21 0.24 0.28 0.33 0.40 0.48 0.56 0.64 0.74 0.79 0.84 0.87 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.99 1.02 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.17 1.28 1.44 #2.04 2.29 2.38 2.40 2.35 2.28 2.36 2.45 2.89 2.94 3.06 Israel 0.10 0.13 0.19 0.30 0.56 1.29 3.16 7.12 18.12 90.34 #0.32 0.51 0.67 0.81 0.97 1.14 1.33 1.47 1.64 1.82 2.09 2.38 2.75 2.98 3.12 3.32 3.67 3.81 3.84 3.89 4.00 4.02 4.30 4.65 4.77 Italy 596.22 690.59 858.65 940.74 1089.81 1300.32 1653.34 1921.37 2226.10 2472.50 2853.54 3081.05 3350.21 3640.65 3914.08 4245.15 4725.72 5051.61 4954.02 4804.98 4664.83 4496.63 4326.23 4494.93 #2.40 2.48 2.52 2.61 2.69 2.77 2.85 2.94 3.02 3.13 3.23 Japan 267.66 282.19 306.36 321.46 339.53 362.43 393.86 404.08 405.91 416.40 421.41 432.03 427.76 445.85 486.53 519.69 560.31 584.69 586.12 580.21 601.51 598.57 613.50 609.13 587.19 592.08 583.33 552.29 556.91 561.63 565.16 559.93 561.11 579.58 552.35 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 40.18 41.91 41.16 40.00 43.69 48.91 52.78 57.00 60.84 65.98 68.87 72.82 76.19 80.78 84.38 85.67 89.36 93.35 104.57 116.34 127.74 133.30 133.20 133.07 #3.38 3.44 3.53 3.68 3.85 4.09 4.25 4.28 4.31 4.38 4.42 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 2.96 3.09 3.35 3.95 4.28 4.37 4.32 4.47 4.67 5.09 5.57 5.76 5.98 6.01 6.19 6.54 6.68 6.93 7.17 7.33 7.39 7.40 7.70 8.05 #3.77 3.87 4.19 4.39 4.62 4.77 4.87 4.96 5.04 5.23 5.38 New Zealand 0.35 0.40 0.46 0.52 0.60 0.72 0.86 0.98 1.02 1.05 1.17 1.37 1.49 1.63 1.72 1.83 1.88 1.91 1.93 1.96 2.02 2.09 2.17 2.23 2.29 2.37 2.46 2.56 2.63 2.60 2.69 2.91 3.27 3.46 3.46 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.76 2.99 2.97 3.45 3.58 3.89 4.16 4.32 4.65 5.02 5.66 6.19 6.49 7.13 7.66 8.05 8.25 8.81 9.18 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.95 2.15 2.77 2.84 3.01 3.07 3.12 3.18 3.30 3.52 3.90 4.36 4.51 Portugal 8.71 10.85 12.81 15.20 17.38 21.65 26.27 31.25 37.14 43.50 53.25 62.94 72.20 81.06 95.06 109.48 125.13 142.61 148.12 155.56 159.31 167.77 179.76 197.81 #1.05 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.07 1.05 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.17 1.21 Singapore 0.26 0.30 0.27 0.28 0.32 0.35 0.45 0.51 0.57 0.65 0.67 0.62 0.63 0.78 0.95 1.04 1.18 1.26 1.35 1.54 1.83 1.98 2.04 2.04 2.16 2.28 2.24 2.18 2.27 2.32 2.27 2.62 2.49 2.72 2.61 Spain 34.18 45.00 58.54 73.77 89.67 105.91 127.90 146.18 165.13 182.38 202.01 222.99 240.24 254.12 259.71 272.01 285.75 294.36 311.44 324.50 338.67 361.05 368.35 362.05 #2.20 2.21 2.31 2.45 2.60 2.71 2.83 2.94 3.05 3.20 3.35 Sri Lanka 0.38 0.39 0.55 0.79 0.68 0.69 0.72 0.90 1.05 1.17 1.37 1.47 1.60 1.78 2.01 2.54 3.00 3.17 3.66 4.04 4.43 4.80 4.86 5.45 5.90 6.66 7.26 8.56 8.90 9.51 9.88 10.68 12.16 13.37 -- Sweden 1.97 2.19 2.44 3.19 4.46 4.68 5.48 5.28 5.20 6.59 7.46 8.17 8.76 9.31 10.15 11.20 12.90 15.03 13.60 14.51 15.20 16.11 17.01 17.81 18.33 19.15 20.05 21.07 22.04 22.99 23.67 24.39 25.29 26.26 26.77 Switzerland 2.72 2.81 2.89 3.01 3.12 3.35 3.64 3.94 4.15 4.29 4.51 4.73 4.86 5.05 5.24 5.55 5.94 6.22 6.37 6.49 6.54 6.62 6.64 6.69 6.71 6.79 6.97 7.10 7.00 6.86 7.35 7.82 7.98 8.17 8.37 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.31 0.36 0.40 0.45 0.48 0.52 0.57 0.61 0.67 0.70 0.73 0.75 0.91 1.00 1.09 1.20 1.32 1.41 1.50 1.58 1.65 1.60 1.53 1.47 1.35 1.39 1.43 1.50 1.55 1.54 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 5.1 Production Workers: Indexes of hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1975-2009 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Australia 68.73 69.39 62.26 61.94 59.14 59.99 65.29 59.45 53.35 54.96 46.97 50.73 55.50 64.86 66.58 64.48 63.97 59.93 55.86 61.58 68.42 76.52 75.93 69.01 74.35 63.96 57.06 66.70 82.27 94.59 97.77 98.86 102.33 112.85 104.00 Austria 94.61 90.54 94.86 106.03 110.79 112.94 89.96 82.40 81.37 77.19 79.07 110.55 137.32 142.04 132.31 152.05 142.73 153.21 151.72 160.73 189.93 186.92 161.04 162.58 159.81 135.73 119.78 123.02 137.83 144.97 145.18 147.51 148.98 168.21 163.97 Belgium 143.65 136.20 140.58 151.21 155.65 154.25 119.97 95.34 89.18 82.94 87.11 123.38 154.20 163.68 154.63 178.84 171.10 182.87 177.66 194.43 232.17 226.13 195.61 198.25 193.32 176.98 153.13 159.20 185.17 202.41 196.26 198.18 196.96 221.33 211.14 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 53.20 51.53 49.69 29.51 29.06 22.87 18.68 18.75 20.13 26.35 30.60 32.30 37.88 36.54 Canada 69.63 73.16 65.84 58.79 55.82 53.25 56.76 57.27 60.98 59.65 57.59 57.95 61.40 66.78 69.19 77.02 84.12 84.60 81.54 77.46 80.11 79.20 75.40 68.82 69.15 66.74 63.34 66.48 76.25 84.89 92.38 100.99 98.07 103.22 89.92 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13.08 14.48 18.35 20.75 19.36 20.70 20.39 19.41 19.88 23.38 26.80 29.93 31.01 34.31 36.78 46.34 43.00 Denmark 22.36 22.41 22.69 26.50 28.05 25.76 19.76 18.81 19.46 19.36 15.84 17.04 15.71 10.50 11.85 16.37 17.61 20.78 19.61 25.25 34.37 38.86 35.41 36.34 46.83 38.93 44.43 51.77 62.97 67.22 71.46 70.26 73.63 80.41 75.70 Finland 94.86 97.84 95.76 88.49 92.34 95.50 82.02 72.08 61.48 62.60 64.74 84.23 105.92 127.25 132.24 156.59 138.02 117.04 105.92 122.25 146.33 132.28 114.87 98.16 110.62 95.34 90.42 95.94 109.75 121.48 119.94 124.25 123.56 137.55 132.40 France 120.35 115.12 112.37 125.63 135.76 141.54 113.33 101.47 100.48 93.33 92.20 124.51 143.39 149.06 141.14 159.11 149.90 161.93 146.50 149.14 167.75 162.40 143.14 144.58 142.15 123.57 116.25 122.07 139.99 152.43 156.81 158.48 157.77 175.30 157.16 Germany 99.11 99.98 100.82 112.51 119.94 117.98 89.94 80.40 78.26 71.14 70.92 98.42 121.50 127.50 119.17 139.04 132.85 143.02 138.47 144.56 171.19 164.97 140.44 137.00 127.23 113.05 102.53 106.56 121.53 130.92 123.44 129.90 120.75 132.98 128.46 Hong Kong SAR 2.48 2.57 2.66 2.72 2.70 2.77 2.55 2.42 2.22 2.36 2.62 2.92 3.26 3.76 4.34 4.73 5.02 5.36 5.80 6.29 6.76 7.31 7.47 7.42 7.29 7.14 11.46 10.69 9.57 9.32 9.09 9.09 8.17 8.44 8.16 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24.12 23.94 23.38 21.63 21.24 20.54 18.12 18.69 21.77 24.10 26.80 27.72 26.53 30.30 34.16 27.62 Ireland 44.11 39.91 35.17 38.02 41.95 49.09 43.55 42.67 40.66 41.34 42.97 57.58 63.95 66.85 60.88 66.58 62.12 63.92 55.97 57.54 62.89 62.75 57.57 54.71 52.88 44.83 47.18 50.92 62.13 72.58 72.89 74.77 73.79 81.14 78.62 Israel 33.68 31.75 31.40 26.87 30.94 31.78 31.21 29.58 31.31 29.20 24.82 31.38 36.93 43.28 41.59 42.77 40.36 39.23 36.66 37.87 43.52 45.08 47.57 48.69 44.58 45.99 46.82 41.72 40.39 39.05 38.36 36.55 33.57 44.90 43.10 Italy 145.38 123.42 117.39 120.38 130.19 126.43 100.81 91.54 92.14 84.57 86.48 119.31 144.07 151.45 159.23 181.65 173.30 162.72 133.43 138.90 145.22 158.87 150.06 138.13 135.21 115.82 107.39 112.79 131.56 146.33 145.75 145.40 145.51 162.31 155.91 Japan 29.15 30.28 34.38 46.19 39.56 34.22 34.89 29.57 30.91 31.23 31.68 46.08 52.98 60.81 58.74 55.97 59.92 64.60 74.43 83.09 94.60 83.00 77.05 74.04 87.09 90.85 76.02 70.43 72.01 75.66 72.95 67.03 59.13 69.56 74.86 Korea, Republic of 3.23 3.74 4.38 5.32 6.29 5.36 5.06 4.83 4.93 5.04 5.04 5.26 6.35 7.99 12.90 15.38 21.23 25.60 28.83 28.56 33.22 40.13 49.99 41.25 59.53 58.44 48.38 48.58 44.78 43.05 43.96 51.07 50.42 42.42 36.39 Luxembourg 88.55 89.58 90.31 97.04 96.84 95.52 70.15 54.63 47.99 44.12 44.38 62.65 74.41 78.84 72.65 78.92 72.35 75.28 73.74 82.28 91.19 87.49 75.74 76.22 76.71 66.28 58.34 58.79 65.29 69.73 70.19 69.94 68.62 75.18 70.58 Mexico 46.88 47.13 33.92 37.03 38.67 41.52 49.32 31.59 23.50 23.79 23.12 15.87 13.86 16.49 19.19 19.57 21.08 24.12 25.98 26.45 16.64 16.05 17.82 18.06 19.88 22.33 24.24 23.23 20.22 18.97 19.40 20.15 18.88 19.72 17.02 Netherlands 150.37 143.82 146.67 164.65 170.27 160.58 116.61 101.21 94.90 83.84 82.40 115.83 138.63 140.28 122.99 134.04 123.94 129.12 124.87 132.22 154.72 147.85 126.33 125.85 120.66 99.45 100.08 105.44 127.42 135.90 134.36 134.98 133.60 155.98 149.10 New Zealand 13.82 11.56 11.37 12.48 12.71 12.88 12.27 10.81 9.61 8.41 7.86 9.55 11.37 13.32 12.16 11.97 11.01 9.93 9.43 10.13 11.17 11.53 10.90 8.77 8.60 7.09 6.03 6.16 7.12 8.16 8.57 7.92 8.37 7.73 7.68 Norway 122.87 124.06 123.63 123.16 127.52 128.71 109.88 98.44 86.71 81.07 82.14 104.87 128.84 139.80 128.45 137.13 123.81 124.97 97.35 100.12 115.92 116.65 110.20 107.00 104.44 88.33 88.24 103.35 115.82 127.25 131.37 136.23 141.81 154.60 138.53 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.95 2.15 1.94 2.29 2.44 2.56 2.37 1.77 1.94 1.66 1.40 1.35 1.24 1.34 1.41 1.54 1.57 1.75 1.67 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 22.89 24.78 12.73 12.06 12.64 12.45 12.40 13.02 14.34 15.15 16.31 20.37 15.99 Portugal 30.72 28.74 25.75 23.91 22.69 25.72 22.76 19.40 16.81 15.07 15.77 21.10 24.64 26.59 26.27 30.31 30.85 35.10 29.84 30.51 34.09 34.62 30.09 30.41 29.47 24.82 23.10 24.26 27.30 29.72 28.90 29.68 29.71 33.42 32.06 Singapore 11.80 10.88 14.68 15.45 18.28 21.92 23.52 23.24 25.88 28.89 28.03 16.81 13.78 16.59 20.04 23.99 26.05 28.75 29.73 36.10 45.27 48.34 45.39 38.86 25.98 27.18 25.02 23.15 22.76 21.31 18.92 22.35 19.92 23.24 21.35 Spain 74.79 75.57 66.38 70.38 82.90 82.78 70.03 59.21 48.61 45.78 45.69 60.52 71.42 77.53 78.59 93.00 93.08 97.17 82.43 80.61 87.90 89.88 79.05 78.16 77.82 66.14 61.66 65.61 77.14 85.12 86.30 89.27 91.52 100.76 103.03 Sri Lanka 2.61 2.02 2.30 1.73 1.33 1.13 1.46 1.52 1.51 1.52 1.62 1.66 1.66 1.65 1.58 1.66 1.74 1.65 1.66 1.78 1.88 1.85 1.72 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.50 1.57 1.51 1.47 1.49 1.53 1.46 1.64 -- Sweden 166.38 187.55 192.13 183.31 194.49 196.22 166.27 128.29 115.09 115.84 119.46 152.01 180.89 195.03 196.61 213.30 213.48 227.25 137.74 145.38 178.79 193.09 173.16 170.68 169.29 152.28 128.73 136.66 162.37 177.49 171.54 155.65 177.07 185.14 153.90 Switzerland 85.72 82.19 77.76 97.28 96.37 90.32 73.49 67.14 64.52 59.30 59.15 83.96 101.46 102.04 90.42 104.04 101.11 103.32 97.04 105.90 127.92 121.29 101.18 103.51 100.02 83.43 79.30 83.68 89.58 92.67 91.95 91.24 86.24 97.67 93.25 Taiwan 2.83 3.00 3.07 3.33 3.73 4.26 4.51 4.13 4.14 4.45 4.47 5.42 6.67 7.46 8.82 9.36 9.40 12.11 10.50 12.57 17.91 17.35 21.44 19.11 20.65 21.99 19.43 16.48 14.52 14.47 16.10 16.60 15.78 17.24 15.12 United Kingdom 36.91 34.83 37.36 45.65 57.27 72.81 62.53 50.82 44.72 38.46 36.84 45.68 50.76 56.11 52.83 60.24 65.37 59.40 49.30 51.31 49.64 50.69 52.37 55.51 79.38 73.43 67.10 60.55 64.05 99.84 99.00 100.99 102.13 98.35 81.15 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 61.89 61.85 58.17 61.13 62.49 62.42 57.39 50.17 48.71 46.64 45.88 54.13 61.43 66.33 65.59 72.47 73.68 76.36 73.10 75.19 81.80 80.13 #72.82 69.80 71.60 67.30 62.07 62.86 69.28 76.18 77.36 80.09 77.74 84.11 #77.61 OECD (3) 66.31 66.28 62.21 65.37 66.75 66.56 61.08 53.32 51.68 49.35 48.55 57.71 65.61 70.79 69.84 77.13 78.38 81.09 77.61 79.61 86.30 84.42 #77.70 74.63 77.45 72.60 67.02 68.18 75.43 83.11 84.28 87.10 84.54 91.35 84.17 Europe (3) 97.27 93.88 93.58 102.85 110.40 112.29 89.18 77.62 73.78 67.87 67.99 92.50 110.68 116.34 110.35 125.72 120.94 124.93 112.80 118.35 135.49 133.68 #116.00 114.67 114.74 100.78 93.07 96.17 110.19 124.61 122.59 124.67 123.02 134.52 125.20 Euro Area 109.91 105.09 104.22 114.05 121.29 120.75 94.16 83.14 80.16 73.88 74.34 102.54 123.57 129.44 122.85 140.43 133.14 139.16 129.38 135.47 156.05 153.09 133.67 131.05 126.06 110.13 101.83 106.55 123.48 134.47 131.92 134.98 131.64 146.96 139.88 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 21.50 22.52 17.34 16.03 16.57 18.45 20.12 22.10 23.22 24.10 26.45 31.98 27.21 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 4.84 4.90 5.98 6.57 7.65 8.24 8.51 8.24 8.81 9.60 9.46 7.47 7.64 9.15 12.19 14.17 16.86 19.90 20.91 22.82 28.13 31.28 #33.13 28.12 32.38 32.56 28.41 27.22 25.16 24.24 24.50 27.80 26.77 25.07 21.99 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 5.2 Production Workers: Hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 1.01 1.13 1.29 1.44 1.61 1.80 2.02 2.26 2.35 2.41 2.47 2.50 2.59 2.67 2.79 3.03 3.29 3.48 3.60 3.64 3.63 3.71 3.79 3.80 3.80 3.97 4.29 4.50 4.84 5.04 5.21 5.32 5.96 5.94 6.04 Australia 0.69 0.78 0.80 0.89 0.95 1.08 1.32 1.34 1.25 1.32 1.16 1.27 1.44 1.73 1.86 1.95 2.11 2.08 2.01 2.24 2.49 2.84 2.88 2.62 2.83 2.54 2.45 3.00 3.99 4.77 5.09 5.26 6.10 6.70 6.28 Austria 0.96 1.02 1.22 1.53 1.79 2.03 1.82 1.86 1.91 1.86 1.96 2.77 3.56 3.80 3.69 4.60 4.70 5.32 5.47 5.85 6.90 6.93 6.11 6.18 6.07 5.39 5.14 5.53 6.68 7.31 7.56 7.85 8.88 9.99 9.91 Belgium 1.45 1.54 1.81 2.18 2.51 2.78 2.42 2.16 2.10 2.00 2.16 3.09 4.00 4.38 4.32 5.41 5.63 6.36 6.40 7.07 8.43 8.38 7.42 7.53 7.35 7.03 6.58 7.16 8.97 10.21 10.23 10.54 11.74 13.14 12.76 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.97 1.95 1.89 1.12 1.15 0.98 0.84 0.91 1.02 1.37 1.63 1.93 2.25 2.21 Canada 0.70 0.83 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.96 1.15 1.30 1.43 1.44 1.42 1.45 1.59 1.79 1.93 2.33 2.77 2.94 2.94 2.82 2.91 2.93 2.86 2.62 2.63 2.65 2.72 2.99 3.69 4.28 4.81 5.37 5.85 6.13 5.43 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.47 0.53 0.67 0.77 0.73 0.79 0.77 0.77 0.85 1.05 1.30 1.51 1.62 1.82 2.19 2.75 2.60 Denmark 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.38 0.45 0.46 0.40 0.43 0.46 0.47 0.39 0.43 0.41 0.28 0.33 0.50 0.58 0.72 0.71 0.92 1.25 1.44 1.34 1.38 1.78 1.55 1.91 2.33 3.05 3.39 3.72 3.74 4.39 4.77 4.57 Finland 0.96 1.11 1.24 1.28 1.49 1.72 1.66 1.63 1.44 1.51 1.60 2.11 2.75 3.40 3.69 4.74 4.54 4.07 3.82 4.45 5.32 4.90 4.36 3.73 4.20 3.79 3.88 4.31 5.32 6.13 6.25 6.61 7.37 8.17 8.00 France 1.22 1.30 1.45 1.81 2.19 2.55 2.29 2.30 2.36 2.25 2.28 3.12 3.72 3.99 3.94 4.81 4.94 5.63 5.28 5.42 6.09 6.02 5.43 5.49 5.40 4.91 4.99 5.49 6.78 7.69 8.17 8.43 9.41 10.41 9.49 Germany 1.00 1.13 1.30 1.62 1.93 2.13 1.82 1.82 1.84 1.71 1.75 2.46 3.15 3.41 3.33 4.21 4.37 4.97 4.99 5.26 6.22 6.11 5.33 5.21 4.83 4.49 4.40 4.79 5.89 6.60 6.43 6.91 7.20 7.89 7.76 Hong Kong SAR 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.49 0.48 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.49 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.82 0.81 0.78 0.72 0.80 0.98 1.17 1.35 1.44 1.41 1.81 2.03 1.67 Ireland 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.55 0.68 0.88 0.88 0.97 0.96 1.00 1.06 1.44 1.66 1.79 1.70 2.01 2.05 2.22 2.02 2.09 2.28 2.33 2.18 2.08 2.01 1.78 2.03 2.29 3.01 3.66 3.80 3.98 4.40 4.82 4.75 Israel 0.34 0.36 0.41 0.39 0.50 0.57 0.63 0.67 0.74 0.70 0.61 0.79 0.96 1.16 1.16 1.29 1.33 1.36 1.32 1.38 1.58 1.67 1.80 1.85 1.69 1.83 2.01 1.88 1.96 1.97 2.00 1.94 2.00 2.67 2.60 Italy 1.47 1.39 1.51 1.74 2.10 2.28 2.04 2.07 2.17 2.04 2.14 2.99 3.73 4.05 4.44 5.50 5.71 5.66 4.81 5.05 5.28 5.89 5.69 5.25 5.14 4.60 4.61 5.07 6.37 7.38 7.59 7.74 8.68 9.64 9.42 Japan 0.29 0.34 0.44 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.71 0.67 0.73 0.75 0.78 1.15 1.37 1.63 1.64 1.69 1.97 2.25 2.68 3.02 3.44 3.08 2.92 2.81 3.31 3.61 3.26 3.17 3.49 3.82 3.80 3.57 3.53 4.13 4.52 Korea, Republic of 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.21 0.36 0.47 0.70 0.89 1.04 1.04 1.21 1.49 1.90 1.57 2.26 2.32 2.08 2.18 2.17 2.17 2.29 2.72 3.01 2.52 2.20 Luxembourg 0.89 1.01 1.17 1.40 1.56 1.72 1.42 1.24 1.13 1.06 1.10 1.57 1.93 2.11 2.03 2.39 2.38 2.62 2.66 2.99 3.31 3.24 2.87 2.90 2.91 2.63 2.51 2.64 3.16 3.52 3.66 3.72 4.09 4.46 4.26 Mexico 0.47 0.53 0.44 0.53 0.62 0.75 1.00 0.71 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.40 0.36 0.44 0.54 0.59 0.69 0.84 0.94 0.96 0.60 0.59 0.68 0.69 0.76 0.89 1.04 1.04 0.98 0.96 1.01 1.07 1.13 1.17 1.03 Netherlands 1.52 1.62 1.89 2.38 2.75 2.89 2.36 2.29 2.23 2.02 2.04 2.90 3.59 3.75 3.43 4.06 4.08 4.49 4.50 4.81 5.62 5.48 4.79 4.78 4.59 3.95 4.30 4.74 6.17 6.85 7.00 7.18 7.97 9.26 9.01 New Zealand 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.20 0.19 0.24 0.29 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.37 0.41 0.43 0.41 0.33 0.33 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.35 0.41 0.45 0.42 0.50 0.46 0.46 Norway 1.24 1.40 1.60 1.78 2.06 2.32 2.22 2.23 2.04 1.95 2.03 2.63 3.34 3.74 3.59 4.15 4.08 4.34 3.51 3.64 4.21 4.32 4.18 4.07 3.97 3.51 3.79 4.65 5.61 6.42 6.84 7.25 8.46 9.18 8.37 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.87 0.94 0.48 0.48 0.54 0.56 0.60 0.66 0.75 0.81 0.97 1.21 0.97 Portugal 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.46 0.46 0.44 0.40 0.36 0.39 0.53 0.64 0.71 0.73 0.92 1.02 1.22 1.08 1.11 1.24 1.28 1.14 1.16 1.12 0.99 0.99 1.09 1.32 1.50 1.51 1.58 1.77 1.98 1.94 Singapore 0.12 0.12 0.19 0.22 0.29 0.39 0.48 0.53 0.61 0.70 0.69 0.42 0.36 0.44 0.56 0.73 0.86 1.00 1.07 1.31 1.64 1.79 1.72 1.48 0.99 1.08 1.07 1.04 1.10 1.07 0.99 1.19 1.19 1.38 1.29 Spain 0.76 0.85 0.86 1.02 1.34 1.49 1.42 1.34 1.14 1.10 1.13 1.52 1.85 2.07 2.19 2.81 3.06 3.38 2.97 2.93 3.19 3.33 3.00 2.97 2.96 2.63 2.65 2.95 3.74 4.29 4.50 4.75 5.46 5.98 6.22 Sri Lanka 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 -- Sweden 1.68 2.12 2.48 2.65 3.14 3.54 3.36 2.90 2.70 2.79 2.96 3.81 4.69 5.22 5.49 6.45 7.03 7.90 4.97 5.29 6.50 7.15 6.57 6.49 6.43 6.05 5.53 6.14 7.87 8.95 8.94 8.28 10.56 10.99 9.30 Switzerland 0.87 0.93 1.00 1.40 1.55 1.63 1.48 1.52 1.52 1.43 1.46 2.10 2.63 2.73 2.52 3.15 3.33 3.59 3.50 3.85 4.65 4.49 3.84 3.93 3.80 3.31 3.41 3.76 4.34 4.67 4.79 4.85 5.14 5.80 5.63 Taiwan 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.17 0.20 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.42 0.38 0.46 0.65 0.64 0.81 0.73 0.78 0.87 0.83 0.74 0.70 0.73 0.84 0.88 0.94 1.02 0.91 United Kingdom 0.37 0.39 0.48 0.66 0.92 1.31 1.26 1.15 1.05 0.93 0.91 1.14 1.32 1.50 1.47 1.82 2.15 2.06 1.78 1.87 1.80 1.88 1.99 2.11 3.02 2.92 2.88 2.72 3.10 5.04 5.16 5.37 6.09 5.84 4.90 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 0.62 0.70 0.75 0.88 1.01 1.12 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.14 1.36 1.59 1.77 1.83 2.19 2.43 2.65 2.64 2.73 2.97 2.97 #2.76 2.65 2.72 2.67 2.67 2.83 3.36 3.84 4.03 4.26 4.64 4.99 #4.69 OECD (3) 0.67 0.75 0.80 0.94 1.08 1.20 1.23 1.21 1.21 1.19 1.20 1.44 1.70 1.89 1.95 2.33 2.58 2.82 2.80 2.90 3.14 3.13 #2.95 2.84 2.94 2.88 2.88 3.06 3.65 4.19 4.39 4.63 5.04 5.42 5.08 Europe (3) 0.98 1.06 1.21 1.49 1.78 2.02 1.80 1.76 1.73 1.63 1.68 2.32 2.87 3.11 3.08 3.80 3.98 4.34 4.07 4.30 4.92 4.95 #4.40 4.36 4.36 4.00 4.00 4.32 5.34 6.28 6.39 6.63 7.34 7.99 7.56 Euro Area 1.11 1.19 1.34 1.65 1.96 2.18 1.90 1.88 1.88 1.78 1.84 2.57 3.20 3.46 3.43 4.25 4.38 4.84 4.66 4.93 5.67 5.67 5.07 4.98 4.79 4.37 4.37 4.79 5.98 6.78 6.87 7.18 7.85 8.72 8.45 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.82 0.86 0.66 0.64 0.71 0.83 0.97 1.11 1.21 1.28 1.58 1.90 1.64 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.20 0.24 0.34 0.43 0.56 0.69 0.75 0.83 1.02 1.16 #1.26 1.07 1.23 1.29 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.28 1.48 1.60 1.49 1.33 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 5.3 Production Workers: Hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes in manufacturing, national currency, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 1.01 1.13 1.29 1.44 1.61 1.80 2.02 2.26 2.35 2.41 2.47 2.50 2.59 2.67 2.79 3.03 3.29 3.48 3.60 3.64 3.63 3.71 3.79 3.80 3.80 3.97 4.29 4.50 4.84 5.04 5.21 5.32 5.96 5.94 6.04 Australia 0.53 0.64 0.72 0.78 0.85 0.95 1.15 1.32 1.39 1.51 1.66 1.89 2.05 2.21 2.35 2.50 2.70 2.83 2.96 3.06 3.36 3.62 3.87 4.17 4.38 4.37 4.74 5.51 6.11 6.48 6.68 6.98 7.27 7.85 7.93 Austria 16.63 18.35 20.24 22.20 23.89 26.34 28.99 31.80 34.36 37.19 40.45 42.24 45.03 46.94 48.88 52.12 54.92 58.53 63.66 66.69 69.53 73.34 74.53 76.47 #5.70 5.84 5.75 5.85 5.90 5.88 6.08 6.25 6.48 6.78 7.11 Belgium 53.23 59.35 65.00 68.64 73.63 81.26 90.17 98.75 107.15 115.36 127.90 137.96 149.33 161.02 170.10 180.84 192.64 204.33 221.48 236.38 248.57 259.50 265.60 273.52 #6.90 7.61 7.35 7.57 7.92 8.21 8.21 8.39 8.57 8.92 9.15 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.98 2.11 2.19 2.04 2.11 2.31 2.45 2.79 2.97 3.34 3.54 3.75 4.12 4.41 Canada 0.72 0.81 0.90 0.97 1.05 1.12 1.38 1.60 1.77 1.86 1.95 2.02 2.11 2.20 2.29 2.72 3.17 3.55 3.79 3.85 3.99 4.00 3.96 3.88 3.90 3.94 4.21 4.69 5.17 5.57 5.83 6.09 6.28 6.53 6.20 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13.75 15.16 17.69 20.87 23.27 25.39 26.78 29.76 32.47 34.40 36.63 38.80 38.71 41.24 45.02 46.94 50.32 Denmark 1.29 1.53 1.76 2.11 2.38 2.62 2.85 3.55 4.18 4.83 4.15 3.45 2.79 1.89 2.42 3.07 3.71 4.36 4.59 5.84 6.99 8.35 8.87 9.26 12.44 12.52 15.90 18.35 20.07 20.30 22.32 22.21 23.89 24.29 24.50 Finland 3.52 4.27 4.98 5.26 5.80 6.42 7.15 7.86 8.05 9.06 9.93 10.69 12.07 14.23 15.84 18.11 18.38 18.22 21.81 23.23 23.21 22.51 22.61 19.93 #3.95 4.10 4.34 4.56 4.70 4.93 5.02 5.26 5.37 5.54 5.74 France 5.20 6.21 7.13 8.17 9.32 10.78 12.46 15.10 17.99 19.64 20.49 21.59 22.35 23.76 25.14 26.22 27.87 29.79 29.93 30.08 30.39 30.78 31.69 32.41 #5.07 5.32 5.58 5.80 5.99 6.18 6.56 6.71 6.86 7.07 6.81 Germany 2.46 2.84 3.02 3.26 3.55 3.86 4.11 4.42 4.70 4.88 5.16 5.35 5.66 5.99 6.26 6.80 7.27 7.76 8.26 8.53 8.91 9.20 9.24 9.16 #4.54 4.86 4.92 5.07 5.20 5.31 5.17 5.50 5.25 5.36 5.57 Hong Kong SAR 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.33 0.38 0.45 0.50 0.57 0.66 0.79 0.94 1.12 1.28 1.44 1.62 1.77 1.90 2.10 2.19 2.18 2.15 2.21 3.84 3.75 3.61 3.66 3.68 3.75 3.80 3.90 3.82 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 92.30 109.31 132.26 153.19 173.00 185.07 203.09 229.90 252.38 261.90 274.00 288.21 296.95 331.70 348.96 337.60 Ireland 0.20 0.25 0.26 0.29 0.33 0.43 0.54 0.68 0.77 0.92 1.00 1.07 1.11 1.17 1.20 1.21 1.27 1.30 1.38 1.40 1.42 1.45 1.44 1.46 #1.89 1.93 2.26 2.42 2.66 2.94 3.05 3.17 3.21 3.27 3.41 Israel 0.22 0.29 0.42 0.68 1.27 2.93 7.21 16.24 41.36 206.21 #0.72 1.17 1.53 1.85 2.22 2.61 3.03 3.35 3.74 4.15 4.76 5.33 6.22 7.03 7.01 7.45 8.46 8.89 8.91 8.83 8.97 8.66 8.22 9.56 10.24 Italy 957.78 1157.43 1337.34 1475.46 1744.98 1950.42 2319.32 2804.22 3289.93 3577.22 4084.78 4454.12 4844.17 5275.05 6099.29 6585.30 7082.87 6968.72 7568.10 8141.05 8596.70 9081.49 9694.51 9116.19 #4.82 4.98 5.15 5.36 5.63 5.93 6.10 6.16 6.33 6.54 6.76 Japan 87.33 101.37 118.80 139.02 139.23 139.72 155.56 166.61 172.55 178.60 186.92 194.24 198.58 208.43 226.39 245.51 265.54 284.64 298.03 308.80 322.93 334.56 353.66 368.52 376.37 389.02 396.90 396.45 404.49 412.66 418.50 414.75 415.20 426.92 423.67 Korea, Republic of 15.79 20.47 27.36 37.19 49.12 58.68 69.62 80.01 89.92 98.00 107.50 116.47 135.85 157.02 242.73 330.74 515.01 698.07 837.38 838.10 932.58 1196.89 1796.18 2194.80 2691.47 2625.08 2684.68 2730.47 2586.45 2486.22 2344.88 2592.59 2792.50 2766.40 2802.06 Luxembourg 32.89 39.07 41.77 44.13 45.80 50.32 52.63 56.47 57.67 61.40 65.21 70.06 72.01 77.52 79.90 79.80 81.35 84.12 91.97 100.13 97.67 100.36 102.73 105.13 #2.74 2.85 2.80 2.80 2.79 2.83 2.94 2.96 2.98 3.03 3.06 Mexico 5.92 7.70 9.89 12.18 14.23 17.18 24.44 40.30 66.34 96.17 146.94 243.11 495.18 1002.59 1318.33 1665.58 2095.09 2594.30 #2.93 3.26 3.90 4.52 5.35 6.28 7.22 8.39 9.72 10.09 10.57 10.80 11.01 11.69 12.30 13.04 13.87 Netherlands 3.83 4.29 4.64 5.14 5.51 5.75 5.89 6.12 6.37 6.48 6.77 7.10 7.28 7.42 7.28 7.39 7.64 7.89 8.37 8.75 9.02 9.24 9.35 9.49 #4.30 4.28 4.80 5.01 5.45 5.51 5.62 5.72 5.81 6.29 6.46 New Zealand 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.29 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.39 0.46 0.50 0.54 0.57 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.60 0.59 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.68 0.65 0.74 Norway 6.47 7.65 8.49 9.32 10.42 11.45 12.75 14.38 14.88 15.93 17.47 19.43 22.51 24.39 24.79 25.95 26.46 26.99 24.92 25.69 26.68 27.92 29.61 30.70 30.98 30.92 34.09 37.09 39.73 43.25 44.09 46.45 49.51 51.73 52.64 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.76 1.91 1.90 2.20 2.28 2.48 2.65 2.75 2.88 2.91 3.07 3.13 3.26 3.78 4.03 4.21 4.31 4.60 4.80 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.85 3.28 1.92 2.08 2.22 2.28 2.34 2.40 2.42 2.50 2.69 2.91 3.01 Portugal 7.89 9.79 12.67 15.16 17.91 23.20 28.25 35.16 44.09 53.62 67.17 79.13 90.18 102.59 115.51 130.86 147.08 164.81 173.25 184.15 185.65 197.89 200.18 208.28 #1.05 1.07 1.11 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.21 1.26 1.29 1.35 1.39 Singapore 0.28 0.30 0.46 0.51 0.64 0.85 1.00 1.13 1.29 1.48 1.53 0.92 0.75 0.89 1.09 1.32 1.48 1.63 1.73 2.01 2.33 2.53 2.56 2.47 1.67 1.86 1.93 1.86 1.92 1.82 1.64 1.89 1.79 1.95 1.88 Spain 43.36 57.10 65.07 77.92 89.76 106.95 130.64 147.18 163.86 177.27 192.23 212.19 228.61 241.52 259.70 286.80 318.46 345.77 378.81 392.52 398.02 421.89 439.18 443.71 #2.78 2.85 2.96 3.12 3.30 3.45 3.61 3.78 3.98 4.06 4.47 Sri Lanka 0.19 0.19 0.27 0.39 0.33 0.34 0.57 0.71 0.83 0.93 1.09 1.16 1.26 1.41 1.59 2.01 2.37 2.51 2.89 3.20 3.50 3.79 3.85 4.31 4.67 5.27 5.75 6.77 7.04 7.52 7.82 8.45 9.62 10.57 -- Sweden 6.96 9.23 11.08 11.96 13.45 14.96 17.02 18.24 20.75 23.08 25.43 27.13 29.76 32.01 35.43 38.22 42.54 46.02 38.71 40.80 46.38 48.00 50.19 51.57 53.23 55.49 57.18 59.73 63.55 65.77 66.77 61.04 71.32 72.37 71.16 Switzerland 2.23 2.32 2.41 2.50 2.59 2.73 2.91 3.09 3.19 3.36 3.59 3.78 3.92 3.99 4.13 4.38 4.78 5.05 5.17 5.26 5.49 5.56 5.57 5.71 5.72 5.60 5.75 5.86 5.84 5.81 5.97 6.09 6.17 6.28 6.13 Taiwan 1.09 1.29 1.51 1.78 2.17 2.76 3.36 3.65 3.90 4.25 4.42 5.14 5.49 5.71 6.50 7.62 8.28 10.59 10.00 12.10 17.24 17.65 23.40 24.36 25.36 27.31 28.23 25.59 24.20 24.35 26.95 28.71 30.91 32.27 30.17 United Kingdom 0.17 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.44 0.56 0.62 0.66 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.78 0.80 0.84 0.90 1.02 1.22 1.17 1.18 1.22 1.14 1.20 1.21 1.27 1.87 1.92 2.00 1.81 1.90 2.75 2.83 2.91 3.04 3.15 3.13 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: See note in Table 7.1. for national currency units. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 6.1 Production Workers: Total hourly direct pay as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 83.69 83.23 82.59 82.20 81.77 81.37 81.05 80.29 80.24 80.45 80.61 80.81 80.59 80.44 80.21 79.66 78.87 78.29 78.07 78.41 78.93 79.20 79.25 79.56 79.98 79.86 79.15 79.01 78.26 78.00 77.93 77.78 76.27 76.84 76.94 Australia 88.04 87.83 87.62 87.62 87.62 87.62 86.95 86.95 86.95 86.95 86.29 85.64 85.39 85.36 85.65 85.62 85.12 84.80 84.59 84.37 83.68 83.05 82.49 82.30 81.92 82.04 81.32 80.48 79.90 79.50 79.67 79.73 79.64 79.40 79.40 Austria 79.02 78.82 78.63 78.07 77.76 77.28 76.78 76.26 75.74 74.97 74.45 74.47 74.22 74.10 74.20 74.33 74.26 73.98 73.20 72.85 72.94 72.94 72.96 72.96 73.04 73.04 74.11 74.31 74.54 74.79 74.79 74.76 74.76 74.69 74.69 Belgium 77.11 77.56 77.99 78.41 78.42 78.43 78.45 78.04 77.64 77.24 76.11 75.02 73.96 72.94 72.68 72.42 72.16 71.83 71.12 70.70 70.24 69.98 69.96 69.91 70.03 68.51 70.07 70.01 70.08 70.02 70.06 70.07 70.15 70.16 70.20 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 66.06 66.49 66.05 67.28 67.54 67.33 67.57 67.15 67.97 67.24 67.65 67.86 67.59 67.59 Canada 89.01 89.01 89.01 89.01 89.00 89.36 88.49 88.09 87.65 87.62 87.50 87.42 87.29 87.26 87.39 85.98 84.63 83.57 82.99 83.01 82.68 83.09 83.32 83.87 83.97 84.20 83.36 81.99 81.14 80.48 80.19 79.43 79.80 79.43 79.43 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 72.31 73.54 73.73 73.96 73.79 73.76 73.67 72.93 72.89 72.69 72.64 72.45 73.39 73.27 73.27 73.41 72.68 Denmark 96.37 96.15 95.93 95.71 95.71 95.71 95.71 95.19 94.67 94.15 95.12 96.10 97.11 98.14 97.71 97.29 96.88 96.46 96.37 95.59 94.98 94.24 94.15 94.12 92.60 92.79 91.36 90.48 89.99 89.89 89.28 89.64 89.39 89.51 89.84 Finland 80.80 80.04 78.92 79.20 79.37 79.75 79.92 80.01 81.06 80.74 80.51 80.23 79.42 78.10 77.82 77.09 77.91 78.60 75.70 75.37 76.62 77.92 78.20 80.71 78.51 78.64 78.47 78.21 78.30 78.20 78.22 78.01 78.10 78.31 78.31 France 74.23 73.51 73.35 72.98 72.72 72.66 72.51 71.75 70.63 70.49 70.92 70.96 71.03 70.53 70.17 70.23 69.79 69.15 69.28 69.42 69.55 69.69 69.58 69.47 69.36 69.24 68.95 68.66 68.37 68.07 67.27 67.36 67.49 67.54 68.79 Germany 80.60 79.39 79.66 79.32 78.98 78.85 78.78 78.49 78.06 77.77 77.64 77.56 77.38 77.20 77.14 76.70 76.57 76.24 76.24 76.24 76.24 76.24 76.42 76.74 77.32 77.12 77.35 77.17 77.13 76.79 77.54 76.73 78.08 78.12 77.70 Hong Kong SAR 96.76 96.76 96.76 96.76 96.76 96.76 96.76 96.76 96.62 96.48 96.34 96.20 96.06 95.93 95.79 95.65 95.52 95.38 95.25 95.11 94.98 94.84 94.84 94.84 94.84 94.84 91.53 91.53 91.53 91.53 91.53 91.53 91.53 91.53 91.53 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 66.06 66.06 66.06 66.89 67.74 68.62 69.52 70.08 70.66 71.25 71.84 72.12 73.16 73.04 73.03 74.08 Ireland 87.98 86.99 87.74 88.12 88.01 86.98 86.05 84.93 84.88 83.97 83.75 83.66 83.80 83.72 83.91 84.23 84.33 84.53 84.55 84.57 84.60 84.69 85.28 85.81 86.32 86.84 86.03 85.97 85.30 84.48 84.48 84.48 84.72 84.72 84.72 Israel 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.20 83.44 83.25 82.94 83.96 83.95 83.35 82.92 83.17 83.58 83.73 84.49 85.69 84.36 83.79 Italy 68.78 68.10 69.83 70.39 70.44 72.21 73.11 72.33 72.03 72.46 72.10 71.58 71.42 71.14 69.50 69.48 70.09 71.70 70.45 69.20 68.43 67.57 66.53 68.52 68.54 68.35 68.44 68.76 68.78 68.81 68.81 69.29 69.29 69.29 69.29 Japan 90.03 89.30 88.62 87.57 88.00 88.60 88.20 87.87 87.76 87.74 87.44 87.29 87.06 86.92 86.69 86.48 86.36 86.05 85.75 85.46 85.27 84.86 84.45 84.04 83.70 83.36 83.02 82.81 82.59 82.38 82.17 82.17 82.17 82.17 82.17 Korea, Republic of 90.15 90.15 90.15 90.15 90.15 90.15 90.15 90.15 90.15 90.15 90.23 90.15 89.89 90.50 88.86 87.71 85.18 83.31 82.21 83.99 83.99 82.50 76.83 73.33 70.39 72.83 73.87 75.87 78.28 80.46 82.65 82.26 82.26 82.26 82.26 Luxembourg 85.68 85.01 85.02 85.21 85.33 85.08 85.02 85.04 85.54 85.72 85.29 84.87 84.89 84.49 84.75 85.05 85.43 85.64 85.31 85.00 85.92 85.61 85.45 85.28 85.11 84.95 85.36 85.78 86.20 86.62 86.62 86.62 86.62 86.62 86.62 Mexico 73.73 73.50 73.39 73.17 73.34 72.40 71.23 70.45 68.21 70.09 70.71 70.30 71.92 71.18 69.39 69.44 69.19 68.41 68.43 68.24 67.40 68.61 69.24 69.69 70.60 70.66 70.01 70.83 71.24 71.90 72.51 72.54 72.85 73.03 72.99 Netherlands 76.90 76.44 76.41 76.17 75.92 75.95 76.07 76.58 76.48 76.77 76.64 76.24 76.26 76.24 77.01 77.46 77.41 77.57 77.25 76.92 76.60 76.28 76.90 77.54 78.18 78.84 78.11 78.06 77.36 77.59 77.59 77.64 77.64 76.90 76.90 New Zealand 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.77 95.74 95.85 95.96 96.07 96.18 96.29 96.40 96.51 96.62 96.73 96.95 97.04 96.97 97.01 97.08 97.10 97.33 97.04 Norway 82.30 82.11 82.07 81.83 80.45 80.48 80.31 79.98 80.74 80.92 80.66 80.50 80.50 80.14 80.68 80.87 81.34 81.49 83.03 83.03 82.97 82.92 82.64 83.15 83.66 84.17 83.52 82.88 82.24 81.61 81.61 81.61 81.61 81.61 81.61 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 90.06 90.06 90.06 90.06 90.08 90.08 90.08 90.08 90.10 90.46 90.82 91.18 91.34 90.99 91.15 91.31 91.41 91.41 91.41 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 67.82 67.68 82.76 82.55 82.54 82.54 82.53 82.53 82.95 83.39 83.82 84.27 84.27 Portugal 82.68 82.74 81.39 81.26 80.76 80.14 80.08 79.35 78.46 77.82 77.42 77.48 77.59 77.36 78.06 78.33 78.60 78.87 78.71 78.55 78.86 78.70 79.11 79.52 79.93 80.33 80.21 80.08 79.96 79.82 79.82 79.82 79.82 79.82 79.82 Singapore 85.90 85.74 80.12 79.63 77.46 74.52 74.60 74.22 73.53 72.75 73.00 81.30 84.56 83.95 82.40 80.96 80.25 79.80 79.58 79.07 78.68 78.55 78.99 80.26 86.07 85.39 84.72 84.77 84.83 85.71 86.61 86.31 86.02 86.02 86.02 Spain 69.64 69.64 72.36 73.37 74.40 74.24 74.02 74.29 74.57 74.96 75.36 75.36 75.36 75.38 75.16 74.94 74.72 74.61 73.97 74.09 74.66 74.79 74.94 74.97 75.01 75.15 75.12 75.01 74.83 74.59 74.55 74.42 74.14 74.66 73.74 Sri Lanka 90.57 90.57 90.57 90.57 90.57 90.57 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 85.68 -- Sweden 76.32 74.02 71.77 72.26 72.00 71.42 71.04 70.88 69.26 69.26 69.09 69.06 68.67 68.67 68.35 68.84 67.93 67.55 71.48 71.30 69.71 70.32 70.32 70.52 70.28 70.13 70.16 70.00 69.35 69.24 69.54 72.01 69.54 70.03 70.78 Switzerland 85.89 85.71 85.54 85.47 85.40 85.43 85.47 85.54 85.62 85.29 84.97 84.85 84.72 84.96 85.02 85.02 84.75 84.64 84.64 84.64 84.21 84.21 84.21 83.99 83.99 84.43 84.43 84.43 84.52 84.56 84.51 84.52 84.53 84.55 85.17 Taiwan 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.63 92.13 92.33 92.83 92.93 92.73 92.83 91.73 92.63 91.66 89.08 89.20 86.58 86.58 86.38 85.81 86.05 86.85 87.68 87.80 87.01 86.47 85.77 85.27 85.27 United Kingdom 88.53 87.31 85.51 84.52 83.18 82.01 82.08 82.77 83.22 84.10 84.94 84.51 84.98 85.33 85.43 84.95 83.49 85.08 85.36 85.36 86.53 86.53 86.96 86.96 82.43 82.43 82.43 84.25 84.25 79.01 79.01 79.01 79.01 79.01 79.01 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 83.91 83.53 83.28 83.06 82.97 82.84 82.35 82.02 81.43 81.70 81.74 81.73 81.99 81.83 81.40 80.89 80.26 79.76 79.54 79.46 79.12 79.29 #78.84 78.98 79.03 79.12 78.75 78.69 78.59 78.33 78.44 78.23 78.45 78.34 #78.33 OECD (3) 83.34 82.94 82.82 82.59 82.55 82.48 81.97 81.62 81.00 81.32 81.35 81.14 81.34 81.16 80.74 80.23 79.57 79.09 78.82 78.78 78.53 78.71 #78.53 78.66 78.54 78.67 78.32 78.21 78.07 77.74 77.89 77.66 77.94 77.84 77.84 Europe (3) 80.26 79.46 79.40 79.23 78.87 78.68 78.65 78.46 78.20 78.19 78.20 77.96 77.91 77.77 77.65 77.51 77.19 77.42 77.36 77.19 77.25 77.18 #77.12 77.47 77.05 76.99 77.01 77.22 77.06 76.05 76.15 76.09 76.37 76.36 76.44 Euro Area 77.81 77.09 77.53 77.50 77.35 77.38 77.34 76.94 76.55 76.36 76.20 75.96 75.79 75.48 75.30 75.20 75.15 75.13 74.80 74.60 74.51 74.42 74.48 74.96 75.23 75.12 75.18 75.09 74.91 74.69 74.82 74.61 75.10 75.06 75.08 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 69.19 69.40 75.75 75.74 75.91 76.04 76.20 76.34 76.86 77.33 77.47 77.69 77.81 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 90.77 90.73 89.54 89.44 88.98 88.35 88.37 88.29 88.13 87.94 88.01 89.58 90.22 90.44 89.51 88.70 87.60 86.47 86.26 86.52 85.67 85.10 #82.87 81.90 81.96 82.56 82.51 83.45 84.54 85.48 86.22 85.90 85.66 85.52 85.52 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 6.2 Production Workers: Hourly pay for time worked as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 76.09 75.59 74.90 74.59 74.25 73.93 73.69 72.83 73.16 73.45 73.67 73.50 73.16 73.52 73.40 72.47 71.43 71.19 71.17 71.46 71.56 71.57 71.93 72.34 72.97 72.59 71.64 71.38 70.62 70.43 70.16 70.21 68.69 69.24 69.60 Australia 78.40 77.79 77.20 77.20 77.20 77.20 76.61 76.61 76.61 76.61 76.03 75.46 75.23 75.21 75.47 75.44 75.00 74.71 74.53 74.34 73.73 73.18 72.68 72.51 72.18 72.28 71.64 70.91 70.40 70.05 70.19 70.24 70.17 69.95 69.95 Austria 55.50 55.44 55.19 54.58 54.59 53.77 53.55 53.09 52.69 52.26 51.70 51.87 51.76 51.70 51.81 51.55 52.09 52.38 52.08 51.87 52.01 51.98 52.08 52.16 52.29 52.37 53.13 53.27 53.43 53.60 53.60 53.58 53.58 53.53 53.53 Belgium 62.08 61.04 60.04 59.06 58.81 58.57 58.32 57.78 57.26 56.73 55.74 54.79 53.86 52.97 53.00 53.04 53.07 53.05 52.21 51.58 50.94 50.45 50.43 50.40 50.48 49.39 50.52 50.47 50.52 50.48 50.51 50.52 50.58 50.58 50.61 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 52.23 52.56 52.22 53.19 53.39 53.23 53.42 53.08 53.74 53.16 53.48 53.65 53.43 53.43 Canada 78.08 78.08 78.08 78.08 77.97 78.11 77.18 76.74 76.39 76.13 76.27 76.20 76.08 76.06 76.17 74.95 73.76 72.85 72.34 72.36 72.07 72.43 72.63 73.11 73.20 73.39 72.66 71.47 70.72 70.15 69.90 69.24 69.56 69.23 69.23 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 59.11 60.12 60.28 60.46 60.32 60.30 60.22 59.94 58.95 59.43 59.37 59.37 60.29 60.34 60.12 60.50 59.25 Denmark 85.10 84.98 84.86 84.74 84.13 83.52 82.92 82.40 81.90 81.40 82.26 83.15 84.05 84.97 84.35 83.74 83.13 82.53 81.68 80.27 79.03 77.71 77.15 76.65 74.34 74.10 72.99 72.44 72.19 72.39 71.62 71.67 71.29 71.09 71.69 Finland 71.64 69.85 67.92 67.67 67.34 67.18 66.85 66.39 66.95 66.53 66.24 65.31 64.36 63.05 62.67 61.76 61.50 61.09 58.93 58.67 60.33 61.20 61.55 63.67 62.07 62.30 61.27 60.18 59.36 58.39 58.40 58.25 58.31 58.47 58.47 France 59.93 59.52 59.37 58.98 58.68 58.46 58.25 57.18 55.85 55.29 55.28 54.96 54.66 53.94 53.67 53.71 53.37 52.87 53.40 53.93 54.47 55.03 54.93 54.84 54.74 54.65 54.92 55.19 55.46 55.74 55.08 55.16 55.27 55.30 56.33 Germany 63.19 61.97 62.00 61.43 60.51 59.84 59.23 58.97 58.54 58.32 58.23 58.13 58.01 57.83 57.89 56.94 56.86 57.30 57.30 57.30 57.30 57.30 57.48 58.30 59.01 58.14 57.68 57.37 57.29 58.03 58.48 57.39 58.05 58.16 57.82 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 52.10 52.10 52.10 52.25 52.40 52.56 52.72 53.06 53.41 53.77 54.13 54.34 55.12 55.03 55.02 55.81 Ireland 76.87 75.83 76.30 76.45 76.04 74.86 73.77 72.51 72.16 71.09 70.96 70.95 71.12 71.11 71.42 71.84 72.07 72.38 72.37 72.36 72.35 72.41 72.14 71.82 71.51 71.20 71.32 72.07 72.32 72.45 72.45 72.45 70.99 70.99 70.99 Israel 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 75.84 76.05 75.84 75.71 76.84 76.80 76.13 75.60 75.90 76.33 76.47 77.30 78.20 76.76 76.24 Italy 49.34 49.07 50.47 51.51 51.97 53.69 53.95 53.37 53.11 53.43 52.60 51.92 51.65 51.22 49.93 49.81 50.14 51.19 51.10 51.02 51.29 51.51 51.59 53.00 52.87 52.59 52.98 53.55 53.89 54.24 54.24 54.62 54.62 54.62 54.62 Japan 59.46 59.53 59.28 58.84 58.75 59.03 58.31 58.46 58.95 59.14 59.11 59.01 59.20 58.93 58.10 57.85 57.56 57.41 57.74 58.13 57.85 57.77 57.47 57.66 58.26 58.03 58.07 58.86 58.63 58.40 58.08 58.09 58.06 57.96 58.92 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 68.17 68.92 70.26 71.79 71.34 70.59 69.99 69.95 70.29 70.37 69.75 69.15 68.91 68.32 68.64 69.00 69.42 69.70 68.62 67.57 67.51 66.50 66.58 66.65 66.72 66.80 66.92 67.04 67.17 67.29 67.29 67.29 67.29 67.29 67.29 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 59.07 59.49 59.42 57.84 57.21 57.67 58.51 59.45 59.24 58.51 57.41 56.98 56.79 56.98 57.47 57.50 57.64 57.90 57.74 57.59 57.44 57.29 57.88 58.48 59.09 59.71 59.02 58.84 58.16 58.20 58.20 58.23 58.23 57.68 57.68 New Zealand 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.06 83.03 83.10 83.18 83.25 83.32 83.40 83.47 83.54 83.62 83.69 83.86 83.94 84.27 84.30 83.99 83.15 83.20 83.26 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 74.49 74.49 74.49 74.49 74.50 74.50 74.50 74.50 74.11 73.99 73.87 73.76 74.10 74.02 74.36 74.69 74.98 74.98 74.98 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 45.74 46.50 57.89 58.78 58.93 59.07 59.22 59.37 59.70 60.04 60.38 60.72 60.72 Portugal 63.56 63.61 62.57 62.47 62.09 61.61 61.57 61.01 60.32 59.83 59.52 59.56 59.65 59.47 60.00 60.19 60.39 60.59 60.51 60.43 60.71 60.64 60.35 60.07 59.79 59.52 60.19 60.87 61.57 62.29 62.29 62.29 62.29 62.29 62.29 Singapore 72.73 71.68 68.68 68.52 66.32 64.04 63.11 62.43 61.88 60.89 61.07 68.57 71.72 69.90 67.06 65.84 64.55 64.21 63.69 62.99 61.97 61.71 62.21 63.97 68.08 67.52 66.97 66.95 66.94 67.48 68.04 67.29 66.55 66.55 66.55 Spain 45.71 45.71 47.49 48.16 48.84 48.73 48.58 48.76 48.95 49.20 49.46 49.46 49.46 49.48 50.32 51.17 52.04 53.00 52.56 52.67 53.10 53.21 53.93 54.55 55.18 55.89 55.66 55.38 55.03 54.66 54.62 54.53 54.32 54.70 54.03 Sri Lanka 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 71.43 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 67.57 -- Sweden 69.63 67.85 65.54 64.87 62.72 62.49 61.72 62.45 61.57 60.49 60.02 59.73 59.45 59.56 59.28 59.70 58.21 56.96 61.46 61.10 59.79 60.36 60.27 60.34 60.04 59.82 59.70 59.42 58.72 58.49 58.74 60.83 58.74 59.16 59.79 Switzerland 68.75 68.43 68.18 67.95 67.78 67.56 67.28 67.11 66.87 66.51 66.11 65.88 65.78 65.97 66.02 66.02 65.81 65.72 65.72 65.72 65.38 65.38 65.38 65.21 65.21 65.56 65.56 65.56 65.97 66.34 65.44 64.61 64.53 64.45 64.92 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 78.87 77.62 75.79 74.82 73.37 72.12 71.79 72.18 72.38 73.12 73.76 73.26 73.52 73.64 74.16 74.17 73.32 73.45 72.94 72.20 72.45 71.71 71.81 71.55 67.57 67.32 68.37 70.98 72.10 68.68 68.68 68.68 68.68 68.68 68.68 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 6.3 Production Workers: Hourly direct benefits as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 7.59 7.63 7.69 7.60 7.52 7.44 7.36 7.46 7.08 7.00 6.93 7.31 7.42 6.91 6.81 7.19 7.44 7.10 6.91 6.95 7.37 7.63 7.32 7.23 7.01 7.27 7.51 7.63 7.64 7.57 7.77 7.58 7.58 7.61 7.34 Australia 9.64 10.04 10.42 10.42 10.42 10.42 10.34 10.34 10.34 10.34 10.26 10.19 10.16 10.15 10.19 10.18 10.12 10.09 10.06 10.04 9.95 9.88 9.81 9.79 9.74 9.76 9.67 9.57 9.50 9.46 9.48 9.48 9.47 9.44 9.44 Austria 23.52 23.38 23.44 23.49 23.17 23.52 23.23 23.18 23.05 22.71 22.75 22.60 22.46 22.39 22.39 22.78 22.17 21.60 21.13 20.97 20.94 20.96 20.89 20.81 20.75 20.67 20.98 21.04 21.11 21.19 21.19 21.18 21.18 21.16 21.16 Belgium 15.02 16.51 17.95 19.35 19.61 19.86 20.12 20.25 20.38 20.51 20.36 20.23 20.10 19.97 19.68 19.38 19.09 18.77 18.91 19.11 19.30 19.53 19.52 19.51 19.54 19.12 19.56 19.54 19.56 19.54 19.55 19.56 19.58 19.58 19.59 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13.83 13.92 13.83 14.09 14.14 14.10 14.15 14.06 14.23 14.08 14.17 14.21 14.15 14.15 Canada 10.93 10.93 10.93 10.93 11.03 11.25 11.31 11.35 11.26 11.49 11.23 11.22 11.20 11.20 11.22 11.03 10.86 10.73 10.65 10.65 10.61 10.66 10.69 10.76 10.78 10.81 10.70 10.52 10.41 10.33 10.29 10.19 10.24 10.19 10.19 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13.20 13.42 13.45 13.50 13.47 13.46 13.44 12.99 13.94 13.26 13.27 13.08 13.10 12.93 13.15 12.92 13.42 Denmark 11.28 11.17 11.07 10.97 11.58 12.19 12.80 12.78 12.77 12.76 12.85 12.96 13.06 13.16 13.36 13.55 13.74 13.93 14.69 15.31 15.95 16.53 17.00 17.48 18.26 18.70 18.37 18.04 17.79 17.50 17.66 17.97 18.11 18.43 18.14 Finland 9.17 10.19 10.99 11.52 12.04 12.58 13.08 13.61 14.10 14.20 14.27 14.92 15.07 15.06 15.14 15.33 16.41 17.51 16.78 16.70 16.28 16.73 16.65 17.04 16.44 16.33 17.19 18.03 18.95 19.81 19.82 19.77 19.79 19.84 19.84 France 14.31 13.99 13.98 14.00 14.04 14.20 14.26 14.57 14.79 15.19 15.64 16.00 16.36 16.59 16.51 16.53 16.43 16.28 15.89 15.49 15.08 14.67 14.65 14.63 14.61 14.60 14.04 13.47 12.91 12.33 12.18 12.20 12.23 12.23 12.46 Germany 17.42 17.41 17.67 17.90 18.47 19.01 19.55 19.53 19.53 19.46 19.41 19.43 19.37 19.37 19.25 19.76 19.71 18.93 18.93 18.93 18.93 18.93 18.94 18.44 18.31 18.98 19.67 19.80 19.84 18.76 19.06 19.34 20.03 19.96 19.87 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 13.95 13.95 13.95 14.64 15.34 16.06 16.80 17.02 17.25 17.48 17.72 17.78 18.04 18.01 18.01 18.27 Ireland 11.10 11.16 11.44 11.67 11.96 12.12 12.28 12.43 12.72 12.88 12.79 12.72 12.68 12.61 12.49 12.40 12.26 12.14 12.18 12.21 12.24 12.28 13.14 13.98 14.81 15.64 14.71 13.90 12.98 12.03 12.03 12.03 13.73 13.73 13.73 Israel 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.36 7.38 7.41 7.23 7.12 7.15 7.22 7.32 7.26 7.24 7.26 7.19 7.48 7.61 7.55 Italy 19.44 19.03 19.37 18.88 18.46 18.53 19.17 18.96 18.92 19.03 19.49 19.66 19.77 19.92 19.57 19.67 19.96 20.51 19.34 18.18 17.13 16.06 14.94 15.52 15.66 15.76 15.46 15.21 14.89 14.57 14.57 14.67 14.67 14.67 14.67 Japan 30.57 29.77 29.35 28.73 29.25 29.57 29.89 29.41 28.80 28.59 28.33 28.28 27.87 27.99 28.59 28.63 28.79 28.65 28.02 27.33 27.43 27.09 26.98 26.38 25.43 25.33 24.95 23.95 23.97 23.98 24.08 24.08 24.10 24.21 23.25 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 17.50 16.09 14.76 13.41 13.99 14.50 15.03 15.10 15.25 15.35 15.54 15.72 15.99 16.17 16.11 16.05 16.01 15.94 16.70 17.43 18.41 19.11 18.87 18.63 18.39 18.15 18.44 18.74 19.03 19.33 19.33 19.33 19.33 19.33 19.33 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 17.84 16.95 16.99 18.33 18.71 18.28 17.55 17.12 17.24 18.26 19.23 19.26 19.48 19.26 19.54 19.95 19.77 19.68 19.51 19.33 19.16 18.99 19.03 19.06 19.09 19.13 19.09 19.23 19.20 19.40 19.40 19.41 19.41 19.22 19.22 New Zealand 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.71 12.75 12.78 12.82 12.86 12.89 12.93 12.97 13.00 13.04 13.10 13.11 12.70 12.70 13.09 13.95 14.13 13.78 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 15.57 15.57 15.57 15.57 15.58 15.58 15.58 15.58 16.00 16.47 16.95 17.42 17.25 16.98 16.80 16.62 16.43 16.43 16.43 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 22.08 21.18 24.87 23.77 23.62 23.46 23.31 23.16 23.25 23.35 23.45 23.55 23.55 Portugal 19.12 19.13 18.82 18.79 18.67 18.53 18.52 18.35 18.14 17.99 17.90 17.91 17.94 17.89 18.06 18.13 18.21 18.28 18.20 18.12 18.14 18.06 18.76 19.45 20.14 20.81 20.02 19.21 18.38 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 17.53 Singapore 13.17 14.06 11.44 11.11 11.14 10.48 11.49 11.79 11.65 11.86 11.93 12.74 12.84 14.05 15.34 15.12 15.70 15.58 15.90 16.08 16.71 16.84 16.78 16.30 17.98 17.86 17.75 17.82 17.89 18.23 18.57 19.02 19.47 19.47 19.47 Spain 23.93 23.93 24.87 25.21 25.57 25.51 25.44 25.53 25.63 25.76 25.90 25.90 25.90 25.90 24.84 23.77 22.68 21.61 21.40 21.42 21.56 21.58 21.02 20.42 19.82 19.26 19.45 19.63 19.79 19.94 19.92 19.89 19.82 19.95 19.71 Sri Lanka 19.14 19.14 19.14 19.14 19.14 19.14 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 18.11 -- Sweden 6.69 6.18 6.23 7.40 9.28 8.94 9.32 8.43 7.70 8.77 9.07 9.32 9.22 9.11 9.07 9.14 9.72 10.60 10.02 10.21 9.93 9.96 10.06 10.18 10.24 10.31 10.46 10.58 10.63 10.75 10.80 11.18 10.80 10.88 10.99 Switzerland 17.14 17.28 17.35 17.52 17.62 17.88 18.19 18.43 18.75 18.79 18.86 18.97 18.94 18.99 19.01 19.01 18.95 18.92 18.92 18.92 18.83 18.83 18.83 18.78 18.78 18.88 18.88 18.88 18.55 18.22 19.08 19.91 20.01 20.10 20.25 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 9.67 9.68 9.72 9.70 9.81 9.90 10.30 10.59 10.83 10.98 11.18 11.25 11.47 11.69 11.27 10.78 10.17 11.63 12.42 13.16 14.09 14.82 15.15 15.41 14.86 15.10 14.06 13.27 12.16 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 10.33 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 6.4 Production Workers: Hourly social insurance expenditures and labor-related taxes as a percent of total hourly compensation costs in manufacturing, 1975-2009 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 16.31 16.77 17.41 17.80 18.23 18.63 18.95 19.71 19.76 19.55 19.39 19.19 19.41 19.56 19.79 20.34 21.13 21.71 21.93 21.59 21.07 20.80 20.75 20.44 20.02 20.14 20.85 20.99 21.74 22.00 22.07 22.22 23.73 23.16 23.06 Australia 11.96 12.17 12.38 12.38 12.38 12.38 13.05 13.05 13.05 13.05 13.71 14.36 14.61 14.64 14.35 14.38 14.88 15.20 15.41 15.63 16.32 16.95 17.51 17.70 18.08 17.96 18.68 19.52 20.10 20.50 20.33 20.27 20.36 20.60 20.60 Austria 20.98 21.18 21.37 21.93 22.24 22.72 23.22 23.74 24.26 25.03 25.55 25.53 25.78 25.90 25.80 25.67 25.74 26.02 26.80 27.15 27.06 27.06 27.04 27.04 26.96 26.96 25.89 25.69 25.46 25.21 25.21 25.24 25.24 25.31 25.31 Belgium 22.89 22.44 22.01 21.59 21.58 21.57 21.55 21.96 22.36 22.76 23.89 24.98 26.04 27.06 27.32 27.58 27.84 28.17 28.88 29.30 29.76 30.02 30.04 30.09 29.97 31.49 29.93 29.99 29.92 29.98 29.94 29.93 29.85 29.84 29.80 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 33.94 33.51 33.95 32.72 32.46 32.67 32.43 32.85 32.03 32.76 32.35 32.14 32.41 32.41 Canada 10.99 10.99 10.99 10.99 11.00 10.64 11.51 11.91 12.35 12.38 12.50 12.58 12.71 12.74 12.61 14.02 15.37 16.43 17.01 16.99 17.32 16.91 16.68 16.13 16.03 15.80 16.64 18.01 18.86 19.52 19.81 20.57 20.20 20.57 20.57 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 27.69 26.46 26.27 26.04 26.21 26.24 26.33 27.07 27.11 27.31 27.36 27.55 26.61 26.73 26.73 26.59 27.32 Denmark 3.63 3.85 4.07 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.81 5.33 5.85 4.88 3.90 2.89 1.86 2.29 2.71 3.12 3.54 3.63 4.41 5.02 5.76 5.85 5.88 7.40 7.21 8.64 9.52 10.01 10.11 10.72 10.36 10.61 10.49 10.16 Finland 19.20 19.96 21.08 20.80 20.63 20.25 20.08 19.99 18.94 19.26 19.49 19.77 20.58 21.90 22.18 22.91 22.09 21.40 24.30 24.63 23.38 22.08 21.80 19.29 21.49 21.36 21.53 21.79 21.70 21.80 21.78 21.99 21.90 21.69 21.69 France 25.77 26.49 26.65 27.02 27.28 27.34 27.49 28.25 29.37 29.51 29.08 29.04 28.97 29.47 29.83 29.77 30.21 30.85 30.72 30.58 30.45 30.31 30.42 30.53 30.64 30.76 31.05 31.34 31.63 31.93 32.73 32.64 32.51 32.46 31.21 Germany 19.40 20.61 20.34 20.68 21.02 21.15 21.22 21.51 21.94 22.23 22.36 22.44 22.62 22.80 22.86 23.30 23.43 23.76 23.76 23.76 23.76 23.76 23.58 23.26 22.68 22.88 22.65 22.83 22.87 23.21 22.46 23.27 21.92 21.88 22.30 Hong Kong SAR 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.24 3.38 3.52 3.66 3.80 3.94 4.07 4.21 4.35 4.48 4.62 4.75 4.89 5.02 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 5.16 8.47 8.47 8.47 8.47 8.47 8.47 8.47 8.47 8.47 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 33.94 33.94 33.94 33.11 32.26 31.38 30.48 29.92 29.34 28.75 28.16 27.88 26.84 26.96 26.97 25.92 Ireland 12.02 13.01 12.26 11.88 11.99 13.02 13.95 15.07 15.12 16.03 16.25 16.34 16.20 16.28 16.09 15.77 15.67 15.47 15.45 15.43 15.40 15.31 14.72 14.19 13.68 13.16 13.97 14.03 14.70 15.52 15.52 15.52 15.28 15.28 15.28 Israel 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.80 16.56 16.75 17.06 16.04 16.05 16.65 17.08 16.83 16.42 16.27 15.51 14.31 15.64 16.21 Italy 31.22 31.90 30.17 29.61 29.56 27.79 26.89 27.67 27.97 27.54 27.90 28.42 28.58 28.86 30.50 30.52 29.91 28.30 29.55 30.80 31.57 32.43 33.47 31.48 31.46 31.65 31.56 31.24 31.22 31.19 31.19 30.71 30.71 30.71 30.71 Japan 9.97 10.70 11.38 12.43 12.00 11.40 11.80 12.13 12.24 12.26 12.56 12.71 12.94 13.08 13.31 13.52 13.64 13.95 14.25 14.54 14.73 15.14 15.55 15.96 16.30 16.64 16.98 17.19 17.41 17.62 17.83 17.83 17.83 17.83 17.83 Korea, Republic of 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.77 9.85 10.11 9.50 11.14 12.29 14.82 16.69 17.79 16.01 16.01 17.50 23.17 26.67 29.61 27.17 26.13 24.13 21.72 19.54 17.35 17.74 17.74 17.74 17.74 Luxembourg 14.32 14.99 14.98 14.79 14.67 14.92 14.98 14.96 14.46 14.28 14.71 15.13 15.11 15.51 15.25 14.95 14.57 14.36 14.69 15.00 14.08 14.39 14.55 14.72 14.89 15.05 14.64 14.22 13.80 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.38 13.38 Mexico 26.27 26.50 26.61 26.83 26.66 27.60 28.77 29.55 31.79 29.91 29.29 29.70 28.08 28.82 30.61 30.56 30.81 31.59 31.57 31.76 32.60 31.39 30.76 30.31 29.40 29.34 29.99 29.17 28.76 28.10 27.49 27.46 27.15 26.97 27.01 Netherlands 23.10 23.56 23.59 23.83 24.08 24.05 23.93 23.42 23.52 23.23 23.36 23.76 23.74 23.76 22.99 22.54 22.59 22.43 22.75 23.08 23.40 23.72 23.10 22.46 21.82 21.16 21.89 21.94 22.64 22.41 22.41 22.36 22.36 23.10 23.10 New Zealand 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.23 4.26 4.15 4.04 3.93 3.82 3.71 3.60 3.49 3.38 3.27 3.05 2.96 3.03 2.99 2.92 2.90 2.67 2.96 Norway 17.70 17.89 17.93 18.17 19.55 19.52 19.69 20.02 19.26 19.08 19.34 19.50 19.50 19.86 19.32 19.13 18.66 18.51 16.97 16.97 17.03 17.08 17.36 16.85 16.34 15.83 16.48 17.12 17.76 18.39 18.39 18.39 18.39 18.39 18.39 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 9.94 9.94 9.94 9.94 9.92 9.92 9.92 9.92 9.90 9.54 9.18 8.82 8.66 9.01 8.85 8.69 8.59 8.59 8.59 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 32.18 32.32 17.24 17.45 17.46 17.46 17.47 17.47 17.05 16.61 16.18 15.73 15.73 Portugal 17.32 17.26 18.61 18.74 19.24 19.86 19.92 20.65 21.54 22.18 22.58 22.52 22.41 22.64 21.94 21.67 21.40 21.13 21.29 21.45 21.14 21.30 20.89 20.48 20.07 19.67 19.79 19.92 20.04 20.18 20.18 20.18 20.18 20.18 20.18 Singapore 14.10 14.26 19.88 20.37 22.54 25.48 25.40 25.78 26.47 27.25 27.00 18.70 15.44 16.05 17.60 19.04 19.75 20.20 20.42 20.93 21.32 21.45 21.01 19.74 13.93 14.61 15.28 15.23 15.17 14.29 13.39 13.69 13.98 13.98 13.98 Spain 30.36 30.36 27.64 26.63 25.60 25.76 25.98 25.71 25.43 25.04 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.62 24.84 25.06 25.28 25.39 26.03 25.91 25.34 25.21 25.06 25.03 24.99 24.85 24.88 24.99 25.17 25.41 25.45 25.58 25.86 25.34 26.26 Sri Lanka 9.43 9.43 9.43 9.43 9.43 9.43 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 14.32 -- Sweden 23.68 25.98 28.23 27.74 28.00 28.58 28.96 29.12 30.74 30.74 30.91 30.94 31.33 31.33 31.65 31.16 32.07 32.45 28.52 28.70 30.29 29.68 29.68 29.48 29.72 29.87 29.84 30.00 30.65 30.76 30.46 27.99 30.46 29.97 29.22 Switzerland 14.11 14.29 14.46 14.53 14.60 14.57 14.53 14.46 14.38 14.71 15.03 15.15 15.28 15.04 14.98 14.98 15.25 15.36 15.36 15.36 15.79 15.79 15.79 16.01 16.01 15.57 15.57 15.57 15.48 15.44 15.49 15.48 15.47 15.45 14.83 Taiwan 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.37 7.87 7.67 7.17 7.07 7.27 7.17 8.27 7.37 8.34 10.92 10.80 13.42 13.42 13.62 14.19 13.95 13.15 12.32 12.20 12.99 13.53 14.23 14.73 14.73 United Kingdom 11.47 12.69 14.49 15.48 16.82 17.99 17.92 17.23 16.78 15.90 15.06 15.49 15.02 14.67 14.57 15.05 16.51 14.92 14.64 14.64 13.47 13.47 13.04 13.04 17.57 17.57 17.57 15.75 15.75 20.99 20.99 20.99 20.99 20.99 20.99 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 16.09 16.47 16.72 16.94 17.03 17.16 17.65 17.98 18.57 18.30 18.26 18.27 18.01 18.17 18.60 19.11 19.74 20.24 20.46 20.54 20.88 20.71 #21.16 21.02 20.97 20.88 21.25 21.31 21.41 21.67 21.56 21.77 21.55 21.66 #21.67 OECD (3) 16.66 17.06 17.18 17.41 17.45 17.52 18.03 18.38 19.00 18.68 18.65 18.86 18.66 18.84 19.26 19.77 20.43 20.91 21.18 21.22 21.47 21.29 #21.47 21.34 21.46 21.33 21.68 21.79 21.93 22.26 22.11 22.34 22.06 22.16 22.16 Europe (3) 19.74 20.54 20.60 20.77 21.13 21.32 21.35 21.54 21.80 21.81 21.80 22.04 22.09 22.23 22.35 22.49 22.81 22.58 22.64 22.81 22.75 22.82 #22.88 22.53 22.95 23.01 22.99 22.78 22.94 23.95 23.85 23.91 23.63 23.64 23.56 Euro Area 22.19 22.91 22.47 22.50 22.65 22.62 22.66 23.06 23.45 23.64 23.80 24.04 24.21 24.52 24.70 24.80 24.85 24.87 25.20 25.40 25.49 25.58 25.52 25.04 24.77 24.88 24.82 24.91 25.09 25.31 25.18 25.39 24.90 24.94 24.92 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 30.81 30.60 24.25 24.26 24.09 23.96 23.80 23.66 23.14 22.67 22.53 22.31 22.19 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 9.23 9.27 10.46 10.56 11.02 11.65 11.63 11.71 11.87 12.06 11.99 10.42 9.78 9.56 10.49 11.30 12.40 13.53 13.74 13.48 14.33 14.90 #17.13 18.10 18.04 17.44 17.49 16.55 15.46 14.52 13.78 14.10 14.34 14.48 14.48 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011 Table 7.1 Production Workers: Exchange rates, 1975-2009 National currency units per U.S. dollar Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Australia 0.7632 0.8162 0.9017 0.8736 0.8945 0.8776 0.8701 0.9829 1.1082 1.1369 1.4269 1.4905 1.4267 1.2752 1.2618 1.2799 1.2835 1.3600 1.4708 1.3669 1.3501 1.2775 1.3446 1.5896 1.5494 1.7197 1.9346 1.8392 1.5328 1.3578 1.3111 1.3271 1.1918 1.1714 1.2615 Austria 17.4013 17.9392 16.5306 14.5016 13.3692 12.9450 15.9480 17.0600 17.9680 20.0050 20.6760 15.2600 12.6490 12.3570 13.2360 11.3310 11.6860 10.9920 11.6390 11.4090 10.0760 10.5890 12.2060 12.3790 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Belgium 36.6932 38.5788 35.8282 31.4376 29.3272 29.2370 37.1940 45.7800 51.1210 57.7490 59.3360 44.6640 37.3580 36.7850 39.4090 33.4240 34.1950 32.1480 34.5810 33.4260 29.4700 30.9700 35.8100 36.3100 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.0051 1.0779 1.1605 1.8207 1.8301 2.3527 2.9213 3.0750 2.9251 2.4344 2.1753 1.9471 1.8338 1.9994 Canada 1.0173 0.9861 1.0626 1.1399 1.1712 1.1693 1.1990 1.2344 1.2325 1.2953 1.3658 1.3896 1.3259 1.2306 1.1842 1.1668 1.1460 1.2085 1.2902 1.3664 1.3725 1.3638 1.3849 1.4836 1.4858 1.4855 1.5487 1.5704 1.4008 1.3017 1.2115 1.1340 1.0734 1.0660 1.1412 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 29.1530 28.7850 26.5410 27.1450 31.6980 32.2810 34.5690 38.5980 38.0350 32.7390 28.2090 25.7000 23.9570 22.5960 20.5300 17.0640 19.3730 Denmark 5.7349 6.0438 6.0031 5.5078 5.2604 5.6345 7.1350 8.3443 9.1483 10.3540 10.5980 8.0955 6.8478 6.7412 7.3210 6.1899 6.4038 6.0372 6.4863 6.3561 5.5999 5.8003 6.6092 6.7030 6.9900 8.0953 8.3323 7.8862 6.5774 5.9891 5.9953 5.9422 5.4413 5.0885 5.3574 Finland 3.6787 3.8644 4.0294 4.1173 3.8953 3.7301 4.3153 4.8204 5.5701 6.0100 6.1979 5.0695 4.3956 4.1828 4.2912 3.8235 4.0440 4.4794 5.7123 5.2235 4.3667 4.5936 5.1914 5.3441 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 France 4.2819 4.7751 4.9155 4.5009 4.2546 4.2250 5.4396 6.5793 7.6203 8.7355 8.9799 6.9257 6.0122 5.9595 6.3802 5.4467 5.6468 5.2935 5.6669 5.5459 4.9864 5.1158 5.8393 5.8995 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Germany 2.4553 2.5165 2.3213 2.0053 1.8328 1.8175 2.2631 2.4280 2.5539 2.8454 2.9419 2.1705 1.7981 1.7570 1.8808 1.6166 1.6610 1.5618 1.6545 1.6216 1.4321 1.5049 1.7348 1.7597 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Hong Kong SAR 4.9390 4.9040 4.6620 4.6850 5.0030 4.9760 5.5680 6.0700 7.2570 7.8190 7.7910 7.8040 7.7980 7.8070 7.8010 7.7900 7.7710 7.7400 7.7357 7.7290 7.7357 7.7345 7.7431 7.7467 7.7594 7.7924 7.7997 7.7996 7.7875 7.7880 7.7770 7.7680 7.8010 7.7870 7.7520 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 105.2000 125.6810 152.6470 186.7890 214.4020 237.1460 282.1790 286.4900 257.8870 224.3070 202.7500 199.5800 210.3900 183.6300 172.1100 202.3400 Ireland 0.4501 0.5536 0.5729 0.5210 0.4884 0.4859 0.6185 0.7031 0.8012 0.9199 0.9384 0.7454 0.6720 0.6553 0.7047 0.6030 0.6190 0.5864 0.6816 0.6676 0.6235 0.6248 0.6588 0.7014 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Israel 0.6390 0.7980 1.0460 1.7470 2.5440 5.1240 11.4300 24.2700 56.2100 293.2000 #1.1790 1.4880 1.5950 1.5990 1.9160 2.0160 2.2790 2.4590 2.8300 3.0110 3.0110 3.1920 3.4490 3.8000 4.1400 4.0770 4.2060 4.7380 4.5540 4.4820 4.4877 4.4558 4.1081 3.5880 3.9323 Italy 652.4008 830.2889 882.7684 848.7523 830.9098 856.2000 1138.6000 1354.0000 1519.3000 1756.1000 1908.9000 1491.1600 1297.0300 1302.3900 1372.2800 1198.2700 1241.2800 1232.170 1573.410 1611.490 1629.450 1542.760 1703.810 1736.850 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Japan 296.6919 296.3753 267.7950 208.4158 218.1786 226.6300 220.6300 249.0600 237.5500 237.4500 238.4700 168.3500 144.6000 128.1700 138.0700 145.0000 134.5900 126.7800 111.0800 102.1800 93.9600 108.7800 121.0600 130.9900 113.7300 107.8000 121.5700 125.2200 115.9400 108.1500 110.1100 116.3100 117.7600 103.3900 93.6800 Korea, Republic of 484.0037 484.0037 484.0037 484.0037 484.0000 607.4300 681.0300 731.9300 776.0400 807.9100 861.8900 884.6300 825.9400 734.5200 674.2900 710.6400 736.7300 784.6600 805.7500 806.9300 772.6900 805.0000 947.6500 1400.400 1189.840 1130.900 1292.010 1250.310 1192.080 1145.240 1023.750 954.3200 928.9700 1098.710 1274.630 Luxembourg 36.7800 38.6100 35.8400 31.4900 29.3200 29.2400 37.1300 45.6900 51.1300 57.7800 59.3800 44.6700 37.3300 36.7700 39.4000 33.4200 34.1500 32.1500 34.6000 33.4600 29.4800 30.9600 35.7700 36.3000 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Mexico 12.5000 14.4600 22.6000 22.7800 22.8200 22.9700 24.5200 56.4000 120.1000 167.8000 256.9000 611.8000 1378.0000 2273.0000 2461.0000 2813.0000 3018.0000 3095.000 #3.1237 3.3853 6.4467 7.6000 7.9180 9.1520 9.5530 9.4590 9.3370 9.6630 10.7930 11.2900 10.8940 10.9060 10.9280 11.1430 13.4980 Netherlands 2.5232 2.6423 2.4539 2.1606 2.0063 1.9875 2.4998 2.6719 2.8543 3.2083 3.3184 2.4485 2.0264 1.9778 2.1219 1.8215 1.8720 1.7587 1.8585 1.8190 1.6044 1.6863 1.9525 1.9837 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 New Zealand 0.8254 1.0090 1.0320 0.9649 0.9782 1.0270 1.1510 1.3320 1.4970 1.7290 2.0100 1.9060 1.6860 1.5250 1.6850 1.6770 1.7290 1.8590 1.8474 1.6846 1.5237 1.4541 1.5094 1.8653 1.8889 2.1891 2.3798 2.1529 1.7176 1.5087 1.4203 1.5421 1.3607 1.4227 1.6002 Norway 5.2138 5.4564 5.3223 5.2414 5.0641 4.9381 5.7430 6.4567 7.3012 8.1596 8.5933 7.3985 6.7409 6.5243 6.9131 6.2541 6.4912 6.2142 7.1009 7.0553 6.3355 6.4594 7.0857 7.5521 7.8071 8.8131 8.9964 7.9839 7.0803 6.7399 6.4412 6.4095 5.8557 5.6365 6.2908 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 27.4790 25.5120 27.1200 26.4170 25.7140 26.1260 29.4710 40.8930 39.0890 44.1920 50.9930 51.6040 54.2030 56.0400 55.0850 51.3140 46.1480 44.3230 47.6800 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.2800 3.4800 3.9700 4.3500 4.0939 4.0800 3.8891 3.6576 3.2355 3.1032 2.7680 2.4092 3.1201 Portugal 25.4500 30.1600 38.1200 43.8900 48.9300 50.0500 61.4400 80.1000 111.6000 147.7000 172.1000 149.8000 141.2000 144.3000 157.5000 142.7000 144.8000 135.1000 161.0800 165.9300 149.8800 154.2800 175.4400 180.2500 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Singapore 2.3713 2.4708 2.4394 2.2740 2.1746 2.1412 2.1127 2.1400 2.1131 2.1331 2.2002 2.1774 2.1060 2.0124 1.9503 1.8125 1.7276 1.6290 1.6158 1.5275 1.4171 1.4100 1.4857 1.6722 1.6951 1.7250 1.7930 1.7908 1.7429 1.6902 1.6639 1.5882 1.5065 1.4140 1.4543 Spain 57.4100 66.9000 75.9600 76.6700 67.1300 71.7000 92.3200 109.8600 143.4300 160.7600 170.0400 140.0500 123.4800 116.4900 118.3800 101.9300 103.9100 102.3800 127.4800 133.8800 124.6400 126.6800 146.5300 149.4100 #0.9387 1.0832 1.1171 1.0578 0.8833 0.8040 0.8033 0.7960 0.7293 0.6791 0.7176 Sri Lanka 7.0500 8.4590 9.1530 15.6100 15.5700 16.5300 19.2500 20.8100 23.5300 25.4400 27.1600 28.0200 29.4400 31.8100 36.0500 40.0600 41.3700 43.8300 48.3200 49.4200 51.2500 55.2700 59.0000 64.4500 70.6400 77.0100 89.3800 95.6600 96.5210 101.1940 100.4980 103.9140 110.6230 108.3340 114.9450 Sweden 4.1423 4.3560 4.4677 4.5169 4.2876 4.2309 5.0659 6.2838 7.6717 8.2706 8.6031 7.1273 6.3469 6.1370 6.4559 5.9231 6.0521 5.8258 7.7956 7.7161 7.1406 6.7082 7.6446 7.9522 8.2740 9.1735 10.3425 9.7233 8.0787 7.3480 7.4710 7.3718 6.7550 6.5846 7.6539 Switzerland 2.5810 2.4990 2.3970 1.7770 1.6630 1.6750 1.9600 2.0330 2.1010 2.3500 2.4550 1.7980 1.4920 1.4640 1.6370 1.3900 1.4360 1.4060 1.4781 1.3667 1.1812 1.2361 1.4514 1.4506 1.5045 1.6904 1.6891 1.5567 1.3450 1.2435 1.2452 1.2538 1.2004 1.0831 1.0881 Taiwan 37.9939 37.9939 37.9939 37.0508 36.0490 36.0231 36.8460 39.1236 40.0641 39.6330 39.8890 37.8390 31.7530 28.6360 26.4070 26.9180 26.7590 25.1600 26.4160 26.4650 26.4950 27.4680 28.7750 33.5470 32.3220 31.2600 33.8240 34.5360 34.4050 33.3720 32.1310 32.5060 32.8550 31.5210 33.0200 United Kingdom 0.4501 0.5541 0.5731 0.5213 0.4712 0.4300 0.4940 0.5721 0.6597 0.7482 0.7708 0.6813 0.6098 0.5614 0.6104 0.5605 0.5658 0.5662 0.6660 0.6528 0.6335 0.6407 0.6106 0.6034 0.6184 0.6598 0.6946 0.6656 0.6117 0.5456 0.5493 0.5425 0.4995 0.5392 0.6385 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Note: National currency units are United States, dollar; Australia, dollar; Austria, schilling (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); Belgium, franc (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); Brazil, real; Canada, dollar; Czech Republic, koruna; Denmark, krone; Finland, markka (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); France, franc (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); Germany, mark (1993-1998), euro (1999-2009); Hong Kong SAR, dollar; Hungary, forint; Ireland, pound (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); Israel, shekel (1975-1984), new shekel (1985-2009); Italy, lira (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); Japan, yen; Korea, Republic of, won; Luxembourg, franc (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); Mexico, peso; Netherlands, guilder (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); New Zealand, dollar; Norway, kroner; Philippines, peso; Poland, zloty; Portugal, escudo (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); Singapore, dollar; Spain, peseta (1975-1998), euro (1999-2009); Sri Lanka, rupee; Sweden, krona; Switzerland, franc; Taiwan, dollar; United Kingdom, pound. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011