Table 2.1 Production Workers: Indexes of total hourly direct pay in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1975-2009 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Australia 98.66 100.92 92.89 94.92 93.28 97.19 101.67 97.23 87.55 88.98 71.14 71.87 78.15 91.98 98.10 98.05 98.05 92.67 86.14 91.52 93.63 98.49 93.68 82.42 84.35 73.67 65.40 73.04 90.84 103.52 108.50 111.04 124.56 131.06 120.16 Austria 69.46 67.91 73.60 81.77 86.36 87.97 69.54 64.98 62.57 56.17 55.44 76.57 95.22 98.83 93.91 112.39 110.32 120.75 116.41 118.71 136.67 132.29 113.82 112.69 108.38 92.71 90.27 94.53 112.11 121.33 121.99 124.80 137.28 149.59 145.05 Belgium 94.32 94.85 105.04 118.95 126.12 128.45 102.06 83.16 76.25 68.40 66.77 87.96 105.50 107.32 101.52 119.88 118.79 129.26 122.86 129.13 146.25 138.45 119.31 118.31 113.05 97.07 94.42 98.72 120.45 133.38 130.08 132.54 144.03 156.81 149.09 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 27.19 26.77 24.83 15.19 15.24 12.41 10.34 10.64 12.05 15.32 18.27 21.21 23.80 22.84 Canada 109.90 119.37 112.40 103.09 100.72 102.39 101.96 103.97 106.63 102.56 96.95 95.59 101.54 111.25 118.35 120.59 124.06 119.33 111.74 104.22 102.07 102.19 98.65 91.94 90.69 89.66 83.54 80.37 91.08 98.76 105.90 111.41 120.51 120.08 104.06 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 9.60 11.08 13.74 15.48 14.27 14.95 14.28 13.18 14.07 16.53 19.76 22.21 24.23 26.86 31.37 38.55 34.29 Denmark 115.84 112.83 112.80 128.06 139.53 131.64 103.11 91.34 85.09 75.76 74.26 99.78 127.12 134.60 125.02 150.19 146.28 157.08 146.31 150.59 173.53 167.00 149.14 149.51 146.76 126.36 123.76 130.72 157.15 168.61 168.56 173.67 193.03 206.80 200.58 Finland 77.85 79.05 75.59 72.97 79.22 86.13 76.33 70.82 64.80 63.75 64.33 81.18 98.48 110.39 114.49 134.51 130.41 119.16 92.70 102.97 127.98 122.62 107.93 105.51 101.19 88.47 86.76 91.47 110.00 122.96 121.98 125.91 137.09 149.64 143.30 France 67.60 64.38 65.23 73.49 80.69 86.13 69.88 63.26 59.53 54.17 54.11 72.24 84.67 86.76 81.96 95.85 92.79 100.62 92.80 93.19 102.30 98.08 85.76 84.50 80.54 70.15 68.00 71.04 84.04 91.69 91.27 93.41 101.90 109.89 103.84 Germany 80.30 77.60 83.28 93.50 100.49 100.74 78.03 72.03 68.60 60.49 59.25 80.77 100.13 105.03 99.27 116.82 116.32 127.20 124.76 127.66 146.59 138.98 119.20 116.12 108.56 96.06 92.19 95.64 113.84 122.21 120.74 122.34 133.82 143.04 134.16 Hong Kong SAR 14.44 15.45 16.74 17.55 17.95 18.92 17.75 17.75 15.63 15.74 16.57 17.57 19.18 21.55 24.35 26.60 28.65 30.68 32.66 33.67 34.14 35.33 35.97 35.03 33.57 33.12 32.60 30.67 28.72 28.42 27.82 28.04 27.46 27.47 26.43 Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12.92 12.43 11.95 11.44 11.45 11.24 10.42 11.53 13.93 16.59 19.29 20.31 20.66 25.53 27.87 23.66 Ireland 62.93 53.79 53.05 61.11 68.62 75.11 62.81 59.04 56.22 52.61 53.27 70.03 79.70 83.60 78.34 90.81 89.58 96.79 86.02 86.83 92.18 91.15 87.38 84.94 83.55 74.56 76.50 82.87 100.13 111.45 112.37 116.23 127.32 135.61 130.71 Israel 32.51 31.69 32.79 28.82 34.15 36.04 36.12 35.95 38.19 35.13 29.57 36.89 44.05 52.13 50.83 54.07 53.54 53.86 50.98 51.62 57.52 59.63 61.91 60.81 58.42 60.67 61.72 53.81 55.42 56.07 55.92 56.89 62.52 73.00 66.80 Italy 62.43 53.11 57.31 61.99 69.15 75.22 64.08 58.74 58.46 54.07 53.76 71.34 86.71 90.81 89.56 105.59 108.81 114.29 89.33 85.91 84.00 86.91 78.11 77.22 73.72 63.05 61.33 65.92 80.51 91.08 91.07 93.71 102.14 110.36 105.46 Japan 51.29 50.96 56.45 70.52 64.70 60.90 60.93 52.60 54.56 54.29 53.04 75.13 85.89 98.25 94.46 91.36 101.61 110.50 125.82 134.40 146.23 122.17 109.57 100.13 111.93 114.75 97.91 90.10 94.90 99.80 95.20 88.21 84.76 96.57 103.40 Korea, Republic of 5.76 6.90 8.45 10.54 12.83 11.23 10.82 10.85 11.11 11.20 11.20 11.42 13.59 18.51 25.40 28.02 32.69 35.42 37.43 41.24 46.52 49.67 43.41 29.13 35.42 39.50 36.03 40.56 44.82 50.00 59.32 67.65 72.75 59.28 50.60 Luxembourg 103.25 102.36 108.08 121.06 125.61 124.76 93.03 76.25 69.94 64.34 61.91 83.45 100.72 104.42 99.63 114.62 113.62 124.45 120.31 128.33 148.59 136.70 116.47 113.42 109.79 94.32 89.60 94.20 113.27 127.41 128.77 129.39 138.25 146.73 137.03 Mexico 25.65 26.35 19.73 21.87 23.71 24.94 28.54 18.49 12.42 13.55 13.42 8.92 8.55 9.91 10.74 11.35 12.69 14.48 15.81 15.64 9.18 9.21 10.50 10.66 11.95 13.56 14.90 14.99 13.91 13.69 14.50 15.21 15.76 16.09 13.79 Netherlands 97.61 94.06 100.18 114.01 119.65 116.13 86.64 81.22 76.01 67.33 65.02 88.24 107.29 109.48 101.68 117.59 113.77 123.82 119.07 121.33 135.19 124.84 110.16 111.57 108.23 93.41 94.04 99.66 120.92 132.77 131.78 133.88 144.33 156.47 148.79 New Zealand 61.00 52.74 54.29 61.19 64.14 66.78 64.92 60.10 53.59 46.29 42.81 51.37 62.02 73.38 67.98 69.23 66.79 61.89 61.16 66.23 72.88 76.22 74.03 60.29 59.54 51.06 47.00 52.08 64.93 73.65 78.70 75.22 87.27 85.00 75.56 Norway 111.40 114.73 119.36 120.16 117.00 121.49 104.74 96.54 89.56 83.58 82.40 102.80 128.14 137.18 132.43 147.96 144.63 152.51 133.76 134.84 150.80 148.71 137.41 135.61 133.86 118.44 117.81 132.90 148.98 159.28 165.10 172.65 195.74 206.70 184.25 Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.73 5.40 4.93 5.71 5.91 6.10 5.63 4.13 4.41 3.96 3.65 3.71 3.64 3.81 4.10 4.63 5.19 5.61 5.32 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12.63 13.33 15.30 14.39 15.74 15.63 16.27 17.34 19.77 21.72 26.29 32.87 25.68 Portugal 28.58 27.77 23.75 22.47 21.24 23.77 21.39 18.31 15.08 12.85 13.01 17.23 20.55 22.10 23.06 27.97 30.35 36.32 30.98 30.76 33.94 33.58 29.85 30.33 29.37 25.55 24.65 25.91 30.24 33.18 32.39 33.54 36.57 39.85 38.03 Singapore 14.01 13.19 12.48 13.08 14.00 14.68 16.15 16.42 17.71 18.74 18.24 17.35 18.19 21.11 23.16 26.05 28.36 31.48 32.55 37.56 44.59 46.48 44.69 40.59 40.18 40.04 36.53 34.22 35.34 36.07 34.66 40.26 38.13 43.09 39.39 Spain 33.44 34.93 36.64 42.00 53.72 54.62 46.64 42.01 35.11 33.31 33.61 43.94 52.61 57.74 58.69 71.01 73.72 79.17 65.77 63.46 69.13 70.02 61.92 60.14 58.46 50.43 49.02 52.31 63.69 70.51 71.59 74.18 81.63 89.44 86.73 Sri Lanka 4.90 3.91 4.66 3.59 2.85 2.50 2.04 2.23 2.22 2.20 2.32 2.36 2.39 2.40 2.34 2.53 2.79 2.73 2.79 2.93 3.00 2.91 2.69 2.70 2.60 2.60 2.36 2.50 2.50 2.49 2.53 2.61 2.71 2.96 -- Sweden 104.55 107.71 103.01 103.45 111.52 112.29 95.33 76.66 63.88 63.44 64.23 80.55 95.51 103.98 104.78 120.28 121.18 131.16 96.94 99.44 109.84 120.14 107.46 104.88 100.19 90.15 79.72 84.69 102.05 112.72 110.92 114.38 125.77 130.37 111.75 Switzerland 101.77 99.39 96.98 123.92 125.65 121.31 101.05 97.53 94.60 83.58 80.45 111.62 135.53 140.21 126.68 150.79 150.60 157.90 150.24 160.71 182.09 169.85 141.32 139.45 131.33 114.08 113.26 120.53 135.89 143.24 142.13 142.25 146.65 161.09 160.55 Taiwan 6.94 7.60 8.14 9.05 10.44 12.24 13.25 12.73 12.80 13.59 13.52 15.07 19.35 23.47 28.59 30.46 32.58 37.24 37.05 38.04 39.00 37.61 36.22 31.65 32.79 33.54 31.57 28.91 28.68 29.37 30.55 30.30 29.58 30.07 26.24 United Kingdom 55.57 48.29 46.47 53.97 63.15 76.01 66.96 59.93 54.61 49.43 49.99 59.17 69.20 79.39 76.47 86.78 88.54 93.89 80.75 82.33 85.16 85.50 91.47 95.08 93.20 86.84 82.88 86.03 95.17 106.01 105.53 108.55 119.57 111.53 91.55 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Economies (2) 64.99 66.31 64.86 67.55 69.11 70.56 65.49 61.07 59.48 56.60 54.43 61.86 70.03 76.56 77.17 82.80 85.22 88.16 84.94 85.08 89.02 85.40 #76.85 72.88 72.70 69.53 65.24 64.95 73.27 79.13 80.85 82.92 88.63 91.86 #84.62 OECD (3) 69.26 70.67 69.08 71.92 73.53 75.00 69.47 64.71 62.99 59.83 57.50 65.46 74.08 80.85 81.23 87.13 89.57 92.46 88.94 88.91 92.93 89.00 #81.87 77.80 77.84 74.28 69.75 69.67 78.93 85.38 87.22 89.31 95.68 99.05 91.16 Europe (3) 75.09 71.25 73.80 83.30 90.33 93.85 76.15 69.02 64.70 58.44 57.78 76.16 91.85 96.98 92.22 107.76 107.29 115.36 105.42 107.62 119.07 115.03 #101.31 100.55 96.25 85.00 82.59 86.87 102.40 111.98 111.33 113.75 124.07 130.86 121.69 Euro Area 74.96 71.36 75.53 84.72 91.68 93.96 74.66 67.84 64.08 57.73 56.93 76.41 92.43 96.19 91.49 107.42 106.51 115.11 106.91 108.65 121.08 116.05 101.59 99.95 95.16 83.13 81.13 85.26 102.36 111.94 111.11 113.37 123.65 133.16 126.31 Eastern Europe -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 12.72 13.19 13.73 12.80 13.94 15.34 17.35 19.32 21.19 22.82 27.47 32.88 27.45 East Asia ex-Japan (4) 8.90 9.47 10.22 11.50 13.00 13.19 13.49 13.41 13.55 14.04 14.02 14.48 16.91 20.87 25.72 28.14 31.25 34.54 35.71 38.61 42.43 43.76 #38.10 30.87 33.15 34.66 32.15 32.35 33.77 35.89 39.13 43.14 44.28 40.72 35.80 '--' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1975-1996 data exclude Brazil, Czech Republic, Hungary, Philippines, and Poland; 2009 data exclude Sri Lanka. (3) 1975-1996 data exclude Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. (4) 1975-1996 data exclude Philippines. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011