TABLE 7: Job openings estimated rate and level changes between December 2022 and December 2023, and test of significance, not seasonally adjusted Rates Levels (in thousands) ===== ===================== Estimated Minimum Pass test of Estimated Minimum Pass test of over-the-year significant significance over-the-year significant significance Industry and region change change* change change* Total nonfarm -1.1 0.3 YES -1801 409 YES INDUSTRY Total private -1.2 0.3 YES -1720 402 YES Mining and logging -0.9 1.2 -6 8 Construction -0.3 1.0 -16 79 Manufacturing -1.1 0.5 YES -157 63 YES Durable goods -0.8 0.5 YES -77 45 YES Nondurable goods -1.5 0.8 YES -80 40 YES Trade, transportation, and utilities -1.3 0.5 YES -392 174 YES Wholesale trade -0.6 0.8 -37 48 Retail trade -1.5 0.8 YES -257 140 YES Transportation, warehousing, and utilities -1.1 1.1 -99 76 YES Information 0.5 1.2 14 36 Financial activities -1.4 0.7 YES -142 72 YES Finance and insurance -1.9 0.9 YES -139 61 YES Real estate and rental and leasing -0.2 1.2 -3 29 Professional and business services -1.0 1.0 -255 198 YES Education and health services -0.4 0.5 -32 133 Educational services 0.2 0.6 15 23 Health care and social assistance -0.5 0.6 -46 131 Leisure and hospitality -4.0 0.7 YES -711 110 YES Arts, entertainment, and recreation -2.2 1.2 YES -50 30 YES Accommodation and food services -4.3 0.7 YES -662 105 YES Other services -0.4 1.1 -22 70 Government -0.4 0.3 YES -82 76 YES Federal 0.8 0.6 YES 28 19 YES State and local -0.6 0.4 YES -109 73 YES State and local education -0.6 0.2 YES -56 26 YES State and local, excluding education -0.6 0.6 -53 63 REGION Northeast -0.6 0.5 YES -146 146 South -1.0 0.4 YES -576 246 YES Midwest -1.1 0.5 YES -385 174 YES West -1.8 0.5 YES -692 191 YES SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, January 30, 2024. *NOTE: Significant over-the-year changes are calculated at a 90-percent confidence level. The median standard error is used in testing the over-the-year change.