TABLE 8: Hires estimated rate and level changes between April 2022 and April 2023,
         and test of significance, not seasonally adjusted

                                                               Rates                          Levels (in thousands)
                                                               =====                          =====================

                                                Estimated     Minimum   Pass test of   Estimated     Minimum   Pass test of
                                              over-the-year significant significance over-the-year significant significance
     Industry and region                         change       change*                   change       change*

Total nonfarm                                     -0.4          0.2         YES          -511          303         YES

           INDUSTRY

  Total private                                   -0.5          0.2         YES          -484          301         YES
    Mining and logging                            -0.3          1.2                         0            8
    Construction                                   0.0          1.1                        13           77
    Manufacturing                                 -1.1          0.5         YES          -123           59         YES
      Durable goods                               -1.0          0.5         YES           -72           40         YES
      Nondurable goods                            -1.1          0.7         YES           -51           34         YES
    Trade, transportation, and utilities          -0.4          0.5                      -106          139
      Wholesale trade                             -0.4          0.7                       -23           37
      Retail trade                                -0.5          0.8                       -73          117
      Transportation, warehousing, and utilities  -0.2          0.8                        -9           46
    Information                                   -1.1          1.0         YES           -32           29         YES
    Financial activities                          -0.6          0.5         YES           -47           46         YES
      Finance and insurance                       -0.6          0.6                       -39           41
      Real estate and rental and leasing          -0.4          1.0                        -8           23
    Professional and business services            -0.4          0.8                       -47          156
    Education and health services                 -0.2          0.3                       -13           75
      Educational services                        -0.3          0.7                        -7           24
      Health care and social assistance           -0.2          0.4                        -6           71
    Leisure and hospitality                       -1.1          0.7         YES          -101          101
      Arts, entertainment, and recreation         -0.1          1.8                        14           37
      Accommodation and food services             -1.3          0.7         YES          -116           94         YES
    Other services                                -0.6          1.1                       -27           59
  Government                                      -0.2          0.2                       -27           41
    Federal                                        0.0          0.3                         2            7
    State and local                               -0.2          0.2                       -30           40
      State and local education                    0.0          0.2                        -5           22
      State and local, excluding education        -0.3          0.3                       -24           25

           REGION

    Northeast                                      0.1          0.4                        41          104
    South                                         -0.4          0.4                      -188          191
    Midwest                                       -0.4          0.4                       -83          124
    West                                          -0.8          0.4         YES          -281          149         YES

  SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, May 31, 2023.
  *NOTE:  Significant over-the-year changes are calculated at a 90-percent confidence level.  The median standard error
is used in testing the over-the-year change.