Standard Errors
Defined benefit frozen retirement plans: Plan alternatives

Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March
2016
Characteristics No
alternative to
frozen plans 		Alternatives
to frozen
plans 		Alternatives to frozen plans
Modified
existing
defined
benefit plan 		New defined
benefit plan 		Enhanced
existing
defined
contribution
plan 		New defined
contribution
plan 		Other
All workers
0.6
0.6
1.6
1.1
1.2
1.3
0.1
Worker characteristics
             
Management, professional, and related
0.8
0.8
2.1
1.6
2.0
1.7
0.1
    Management, business, and financial
1.5
1.5
2.4
2.7
2.9
3.0
–
    Professional and related
0.7
0.7
2.2
1.5
2.0
1.7
–
Service
0.6
0.6
2.8
0.9
1.5
2.2
–
Sales and office
1.1
1.1
2.3
1.5
1.5
1.7
0.2
    Sales and related
3.3
3.3
–
–
4.4
4.6
–
    Office and administrative support
1.0
1.0
2.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
0.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
1.4
1.4
3.6
3.2
3.3
2.0
–
Production, transportation, and material moving
2.9
2.9
3.1
2.4
2.1
3.1
–
    Transportation and material moving
1.6
1.6
4.3
3.6
2.4
4.8
–
Full time
0.6
0.6
1.6
1.1
1.3
1.4
0.1
Part time
2.0
2.0
3.1
1.9
2.2
3.7
–
Union
0.3
0.3
1.9
1.6
1.1
1.6
–
Nonunion
1.0
1.0
2.2
1.4
1.9
1.7
–
Average wage within the following categories:3
             
    Lowest 25 percent
2.1
2.1
4.9
2.0
2.4
3.4
–
    Second 25 percent
1.0
1.0
2.3
1.5
1.2
2.3
–
    Third 25 percent
1.0
1.0
2.3
1.7
1.1
1.8
–
    Highest 25 percent
0.9
0.9
1.9
1.6
2.3
1.6
–
        Highest 10 percent
1.4
1.4
3.0
2.7
3.8
2.5
–
Establishment characteristics
             
Goods-producing industries
1.8
1.8
2.3
2.8
4.8
2.8
–
Service-providing industries
0.6
0.6
1.7
1.2
0.9
1.5
0.1
    Education and health services
0.7
0.7
2.4
1.5
1.1
1.7
–
        Health care and social assistance
2.0
2.0
4.8
–
3.8
4.3
–
            Hospitals
3.3
3.3
4.4
1.0
3.9
6.9
–
1 to 99 workers
2.3
2.3
3.2
2.6
2.2
3.7
–
    1 to 49 workers
1.2
1.2
3.6
3.1
2.7
5.1
–
100 workers or more
0.6
0.6
1.7
1.2
1.5
1.4
0.1
    100 to 499 workers
1.7
1.7
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.7
–
    500 workers or more
0.6
0.6
1.8
1.0
1.5
1.6
–
Geographic areas
             
Northeast
1.3
1.3
1.9
1.1
1.2
2.0
–
    New England
1.4
1.4
5.6
1.7
3.6
5.0
–
    Middle Atlantic
1.6
1.6
2.0
1.6
1.1
2.2
–
South
0.8
0.8
2.8
1.9
1.5
2.6
–
    South Atlantic
1.4
1.4
3.8
2.1
2.6
3.8
–
    West South Central
0.6
0.6
3.8
2.8
2.1
–
–
Midwest
1.7
1.7
3.0
1.6
2.0
2.2
–
    East North Central
1.2
1.2
3.8
1.6
2.3
3.2
–
West
1.2
1.2
4.2
3.2
4.0
3.5
–
    Pacific
1.5
1.5
4.9
3.8
4.9
4.2
–
1Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants.
2Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical
Note for further explanation.
3Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and
below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the
"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.