Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 02-255 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, May 3, 2002. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 2002 The unemployment rate rose to 6.0 percent in April, and payroll employment was little changed (+43,000), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment rose in the services industry but fell in construction. Job losses in manufacturing continued to moderate. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) In April, the number of unemployed persons rose by 483,000 to 8.6 million, after seasonal adjustment. The unemployment rate increased by 0.3 percentage point to 6.0 percent. Since its recent low of 3.9 percent in October 2000, the jobless rate has increased by 2.1 percentage points, and the number of unemployed persons has risen by 3.1 million. The unemployment rate for adult women rose by 0.4 percentage point over the month, and the rate for adult men edged up. Both rates were 5.4 percent in April. The jobless rate for whites increased by 0.3 percentage point to 5.3 percent. The jobless rates of the other major worker groups--teenagers (16.8 percent), blacks (11.2 percent), and Hispanics (7.9 percent)--showed little change in April. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) The number of persons unemployed for 27 weeks and over rose by 161,000 in April. This measure has more than doubled since it began trending upward a year and a half ago. (See table A-6.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Over the month, the civilian labor force rose by 565,000 to 142.6 million, after seasonal adjustment. The labor force participation rate also increased over the month to 66.8 percent. With the exception of a few large monthly fluctuations, the participation rate has held close to its current level since last spring. Both the level of employment (134.0 million) and the employment-population ratio (62.8 percent) were little changed in April. (See table A-1.) About 7.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in April. These multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of the total employed--the same proportion as a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in April, up from 1.1 million a year earlier. These individuals reported that they wanted and were available for work - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Mar.- Category | 2001 | 2002 | 2002 | Apr. |_________________|__________________________|change | IV | I | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 142,291| 141,868| 142,211| 142,005| 142,570| 565 Employment..........| 134,308| 133,894| 134,319| 133,894| 133,976| 82 Unemployment........| 7,983| 7,975| 7,891| 8,111| 8,594| 483 Not in labor force....| 70,467| 71,342| 70,995| 71,329| 70,922| -407 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 5.6| 5.6| 5.5| 5.7| 6.0| 0.3 Adult men...........| 5.0| 5.1| 5.0| 5.2| 5.4| .2 Adult women.........| 5.0| 4.9| 5.0| 5.0| 5.4| .4 Teenagers...........| 15.8| 16.0| 15.6| 16.4| 16.8| .4 White...............| 4.9| 5.0| 4.9| 5.0| 5.3| .3 Black...............| 9.9| 10.1| 9.6| 10.7| 11.2| .5 Hispanic origin.....| 7.5| 7.5| 7.1| 7.3| 7.9| .6 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 131,510|p131,202| 131,208|p131,187|p131,230| p43 Goods-producing 1/..| 24,592| p24,225| 24,242| p24,159| p24,068| p-91 Construction......| 6,851| p6,792| 6,815| p6,774| p6,695| p-79 Manufacturing.....| 17,174| p16,874| 16,869| p16,831| p16,812| p-19 Service-producing 1/| 106,918|p106,978| 106,966|p107,028|p107,162| p134 Retail trade......| 23,404| p23,442| 23,466| p23,452| p23,475| p23 Services..........| 40,947| p41,006| 40,977| p41,049| p41,136| p87 Government........| 21,022| p21,091| 21,085| p21,119| p21,121| p2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.1| p34.1| 34.1| p34.2| p34.1| p-0.1 Manufacturing.......| 40.5| p40.8| 40.7| p41.0| p41.0| p.0 Overtime..........| 3.8| p4.0| 3.9| p4.2| p4.3| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 148.8| p148.6| 148.6| p148.8| p148.5| p-0.3 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $14.53| p$14.63| $14.63| p$14.67| p$14.69| p$0.02 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 494.99| p499.37| 498.88| p501.71| p500.93| p-.78 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 317,000 in April, little changed from a year earlier. Dis- couraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment, at 131.2 million, was little changed in April (+43,000). This is the third consecutive month in which payroll employment has remained essentially flat. In contrast, employment declined by an average of 144,000 a month from March 2001 to January 2002. Construc- tion posted a large job loss in April, while employment declines in manufac- turing continued to moderate. Offsetting these declines were gains in a number of industries, notably services, transportation, and eating and drink- ing places. (See table B-1.) Employment in construction fell by 79,000, after seasonal adjustment. Much of April's job loss was in special trades (-61,000), though general building contractors and heavy construction lost 12,000 and 6,000 jobs, respectively. Following the turn of the business cycle in March 2001, construction employment was relatively flat through the end of the year. So far in 2002, however, the industry has lost 155,000 jobs. While manufacturing employment continued to decline in April (down by 19,000), the pace of job loss has slowed considerably in recent months. Over the 3-month period from February to April, job losses averaged 37,000 a month, compared with average monthly losses of 119,000 from March 2001 to January 2002. Over the month, employment held steady in electronic equipment and rose slightly in industrial machinery, following more than a year of heavy job losses in both industries. Fabricated metals and furniture and fixtures also showed improvement with over-the-month job gains of 5,000 and 3,000, respectively. Employment continued to decline in transportation equipment, with over-the-month losses in both aircraft and motor vehicle manufacturing. Employment in mining increased by 7,000 in April, following 5 consecutive months of job losses totaling 15,000. Oil and gas extraction, which had accounted for much of the prior 5-month loss, added 5,000 jobs in April. Within the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry rose by 87,000. This industry has now recouped job losses that totaled 245,000 in October and November of 2001. Over the month, help supply ser- vices added 66,000 jobs, making April the third consecutive month of job gains, after more than a year of sustained job losses. Engineering and management services added 14,000 jobs in April, four times the average employment gain of the prior 12 months. Employment also rose in health services (15,000), but the gain was smaller than in recent months. Job losses in agricultural services (-11,000) and in amusements and recreation (-24,000) partly offset the gains elsewhere in services. Retail trade employment was about unchanged in April. Within retail trade, job gains in eating and drinking places (31,000) were partly offset by losses in food stores (-10,000) and apparel (-8,000). Elsewhere in the service-producing sector, employment in insurance rose by 9,000 over the month, after sustaining 6 months of job losses. The real estate industry added 6,000 jobs in April; employment in the industry had been relatively flat during the prior 12 months. Employment in transporta- tion rose (18,000) for the first time in nearly a year, with job gains wide- spread throughout the industry. Job losses continued in communications (-13,000); recent declines have been concentrated in telephone communications. Wholesale trade employment was about unchanged over the month, as was employ- ment in government. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in April to 34.1 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was unchanged at 41.0 hours and factory overtime was up by 0.1 hour to 4.3 hours. Since November, when both measures reached their most recent lows, the factory workweek has risen by 0.7 hour and manufacturing overtime has increased by 0.6 hour. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was down by 0.2 percent in April to 148.5 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index also declined by 0.2 percent to 93.0 in April, following an increase of 0.6 percent in March. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 2 cents in April to $14.69, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings declined by 0.2 percent to $500.93. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.4 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.1 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for May 2002 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). ------------------------------------------------------------------- | Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data | | | | With the release of May data on June 7, BLS will introduce revi- | |sions in the establishment-based series on nonfarm payroll employ- | |ment, hours, and earnings to reflect the annual benchmark adjust- | |ments for March 2001 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Un- | |adjusted data since April 2000 and seasonally adjusted data since | |January 1997 are subject to revision. Seasonal adjustment factors | |for March through October 2002 will be available on the Internet at| |http://www.bls.gov/ces/ on May 31, one week prior to the release | |of the May estimates. | | | | Concurrent with the release of March 2001 benchmark revisions, | |BLS also will implement the next phase of a new probability-based | |sample design for the establishment survey. Estimates for the min-| |ing, construction, manufacturing, and wholesale trade industries | |are currently produced using the new sample and methodology. Es- | |timates for the transportation and public utilities; retail trade; | |and finance, insurance, and real estate industries will incorporate| |the new sample design with the June 7 release. The completion of | |the phase-in for the redesign, in June 2003 for the services indus-| |tries, will coincide with the conversion of all establishment sur- | |vey series from industry coding based on the 1987 Standard Indus- | |trial Classification (SIC) system to industry coding based on the | |North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). | | | | | Further information is available by calling (202) 691-6555. | ------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001, the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or $50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 211,348 213,334 213,492 211,348 212,927 213,089 213,206 213,334 213,492 Civilian labor force............................ 141,073 142,092 141,886 141,734 142,314 141,390 142,211 142,005 142,570 Participation rate........................ 66.7 66.6 66.5 67.1 66.8 66.4 66.7 66.6 66.8 Employed...................................... 135,122 133,433 133,740 135,424 134,055 133,468 134,319 133,894 133,976 Employment-population ratio............... 63.9 62.5 62.6 64.1 63.0 62.6 63.0 62.8 62.8 Agriculture................................. 3,163 2,882 3,150 3,167 3,246 3,273 3,246 3,126 3,154 Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,959 130,551 130,591 132,257 130,809 130,195 131,073 130,768 130,823 Unemployed.................................... 5,951 8,659 8,146 6,310 8,259 7,922 7,891 8,111 8,594 Unemployment rate......................... 4.2 6.1 5.7 4.5 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 6.0 Not in labor force.............................. 70,275 71,243 71,605 69,614 70,613 71,699 70,995 71,329 70,922 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,451 4,369 4,509 4,403 4,661 4,824 4,375 4,537 4,468 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,593 102,607 102,682 101,593 102,402 102,484 102,542 102,607 102,682 Civilian labor force............................ 75,314 75,627 75,612 75,723 75,976 75,469 75,685 75,756 76,009 Participation rate........................ 74.1 73.7 73.6 74.5 74.2 73.6 73.8 73.8 74.0 Employed...................................... 71,987 70,660 71,141 72,272 71,577 71,114 71,457 71,299 71,397 Employment-population ratio............... 70.9 68.9 69.3 71.1 69.9 69.4 69.7 69.5 69.5 Unemployed.................................... 3,326 4,967 4,471 3,451 4,399 4,356 4,228 4,457 4,611 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 6.6 5.9 4.6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.9 6.1 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 93,410 94,315 94,414 93,410 94,161 94,228 94,262 94,315 94,414 Civilian labor force............................ 71,409 71,846 71,973 71,541 71,988 71,534 71,718 71,723 72,098 Participation rate........................ 76.4 76.2 76.2 76.6 76.5 75.9 76.1 76.0 76.4 Employed...................................... 68,644 67,591 68,138 68,720 68,276 67,818 68,157 68,013 68,193 Employment-population ratio............... 73.5 71.7 72.2 73.6 72.5 72.0 72.3 72.1 72.2 Agriculture................................. 2,121 1,926 2,224 2,105 2,141 2,207 2,185 2,084 2,213 Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,523 65,665 65,915 66,615 66,135 65,611 65,973 65,929 65,980 Unemployed.................................... 2,765 4,255 3,835 2,821 3,712 3,716 3,560 3,710 3,905 Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 5.9 5.3 3.9 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.4 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,756 110,728 110,809 109,756 110,525 110,605 110,663 110,728 110,809 Civilian labor force............................ 65,759 66,465 66,274 66,011 66,338 65,920 66,525 66,249 66,561 Participation rate........................ 59.9 60.0 59.8 60.1 60.0 59.6 60.1 59.8 60.1 Employed...................................... 63,135 62,773 62,600 63,152 62,478 62,354 62,862 62,595 62,579 Employment-population ratio............... 57.5 56.7 56.5 57.5 56.5 56.4 56.8 56.5 56.5 Unemployed.................................... 2,624 3,692 3,675 2,859 3,860 3,566 3,663 3,654 3,982 Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 5.6 5.5 4.3 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.5 6.0 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,870 102,728 102,847 101,870 102,492 102,550 102,651 102,728 102,847 Civilian labor force............................ 62,091 62,768 62,678 62,102 62,481 62,056 62,703 62,320 62,724 Participation rate........................ 61.0 61.1 60.9 61.0 61.0 60.5 61.1 60.7 61.0 Employed...................................... 59,915 59,619 59,528 59,758 59,205 59,102 59,588 59,227 59,333 Employment-population ratio............... 58.8 58.0 57.9 58.7 57.8 57.6 58.0 57.7 57.7 Agriculture................................. 844 787 751 827 859 824 829 804 732 Nonagricultural industries.................. 59,071 58,832 58,778 58,931 58,346 58,277 58,759 58,423 58,602 Unemployed.................................... 2,175 3,149 3,150 2,344 3,276 2,954 3,116 3,093 3,391 Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 5.0 5.0 3.8 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,068 16,292 16,231 16,068 16,275 16,310 16,293 16,292 16,231 Civilian labor force............................ 7,573 7,478 7,235 8,091 7,845 7,800 7,790 7,962 7,748 Participation rate........................ 47.1 45.9 44.6 50.4 48.2 47.8 47.8 48.9 47.7 Employed...................................... 6,563 6,223 6,074 6,946 6,574 6,548 6,575 6,655 6,450 Employment-population ratio............... 40.8 38.2 37.4 43.2 40.4 40.1 40.4 40.8 39.7 Agriculture................................. 198 169 176 235 246 241 233 239 209 Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,365 6,054 5,898 6,711 6,328 6,307 6,342 6,416 6,240 Unemployed.................................... 1,010 1,255 1,161 1,145 1,271 1,252 1,215 1,308 1,298 Unemployment rate......................... 13.3 16.8 16.1 14.2 16.2 16.1 15.6 16.4 16.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 175,533 176,866 176,972 175,533 176,607 176,713 176,783 176,866 176,972 Civilian labor force............................ 117,572 118,291 118,066 118,104 118,403 117,759 118,472 118,159 118,661 Participation rate.......................... 67.0 66.9 66.7 67.3 67.0 66.6 67.0 66.8 67.1 Employed...................................... 113,162 111,941 112,107 113,464 112,388 111,876 112,632 112,286 112,426 Employment-population ratio................. 64.5 63.3 63.3 64.6 63.6 63.3 63.7 63.5 63.5 Unemployed.................................... 4,410 6,351 5,959 4,640 6,015 5,883 5,840 5,873 6,236 Unemployment rate........................... 3.8 5.4 5.0 3.9 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.3 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 60,476 60,663 60,771 60,555 60,875 60,473 60,714 60,521 60,867 Participation rate.......................... 76.8 76.4 76.5 76.9 76.8 76.3 76.5 76.3 76.6 Employed...................................... 58,430 57,447 57,863 58,479 58,051 57,658 58,053 57,793 57,921 Employment-population ratio................. 74.2 72.4 72.9 74.3 73.3 72.7 73.2 72.8 72.9 Unemployed.................................... 2,047 3,216 2,907 2,076 2,824 2,815 2,661 2,728 2,946 Unemployment rate........................... 3.4 5.3 4.8 3.4 4.6 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 50,623 51,321 51,174 50,687 50,869 50,698 51,199 50,938 51,289 Participation rate.......................... 60.2 60.6 60.4 60.3 60.2 59.9 60.5 60.2 60.5 Employed...................................... 49,005 49,106 48,957 48,942 48,591 48,562 48,941 48,765 48,908 Employment-population ratio................. 58.3 58.0 57.8 58.2 57.5 57.4 57.8 57.6 57.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,618 2,215 2,217 1,745 2,278 2,136 2,259 2,174 2,381 Unemployment rate........................... 3.2 4.3 4.3 3.4 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.6 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 6,473 6,307 6,122 6,862 6,659 6,588 6,558 6,699 6,505 Participation rate.......................... 50.7 49.1 47.7 53.8 51.8 51.2 51.0 52.1 50.7 Employed...................................... 5,728 5,388 5,287 6,043 5,746 5,656 5,639 5,728 5,596 Employment-population ratio................. 44.9 41.9 41.2 47.4 44.7 44.0 43.9 44.6 43.6 Unemployed.................................... 746 919 834 819 913 932 920 971 908 Unemployment rate........................... 11.5 14.6 13.6 11.9 13.7 14.2 14.0 14.5 14.0 Men....................................... 12.5 16.5 15.3 12.9 14.6 13.7 15.4 16.3 15.4 Women..................................... 10.4 12.7 12.0 10.9 12.8 14.6 12.6 12.7 12.5 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,472 25,839 25,868 25,472 25,752 25,785 25,813 25,839 25,868 Civilian labor force............................ 16,576 16,716 16,792 16,678 16,833 16,769 16,747 16,758 16,941 Participation rate.......................... 65.1 64.7 64.9 65.5 65.4 65.0 64.9 64.9 65.5 Employed...................................... 15,334 14,895 15,078 15,304 15,122 15,119 15,131 14,969 15,045 Employment-population ratio................. 60.2 57.6 58.3 60.1 58.7 58.6 58.6 57.9 58.2 Unemployed.................................... 1,242 1,821 1,714 1,374 1,711 1,650 1,616 1,789 1,896 Unemployment rate........................... 7.5 10.9 10.2 8.2 10.2 9.8 9.6 10.7 11.2 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,346 7,549 7,511 7,363 7,490 7,546 7,444 7,579 7,528 Participation rate.......................... 71.9 72.8 72.3 72.1 72.5 72.9 71.8 73.0 72.5 Employed...................................... 6,775 6,759 6,838 6,770 6,811 6,872 6,798 6,814 6,831 Employment-population ratio................. 66.3 65.1 65.8 66.3 65.9 66.4 65.6 65.7 65.8 Unemployed.................................... 572 790 673 593 679 674 645 765 698 Unemployment rate........................... 7.8 10.5 9.0 8.1 9.1 8.9 8.7 10.1 9.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,377 8,317 8,423 8,364 8,456 8,329 8,361 8,267 8,458 Participation rate.......................... 65.5 64.1 64.9 65.4 65.4 64.4 64.5 63.7 65.1 Employed...................................... 7,940 7,571 7,666 7,873 7,720 7,628 7,653 7,526 7,597 Employment-population ratio................. 62.1 58.4 59.0 61.6 59.7 58.9 59.1 58.0 58.5 Unemployed.................................... 437 746 757 491 736 702 708 742 860 Unemployment rate........................... 5.2 9.0 9.0 5.9 8.7 8.4 8.5 9.0 10.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 853 850 858 951 887 894 943 912 954 Participation rate.......................... 34.5 34.1 34.4 38.5 35.5 35.8 37.8 36.6 38.3 Employed...................................... 620 565 575 661 591 619 680 630 617 Employment-population ratio................. 25.1 22.6 23.1 26.7 23.7 24.8 27.2 25.3 24.7 Unemployed.................................... 234 285 284 290 296 274 263 282 338 Unemployment rate........................... 27.4 33.6 33.0 30.5 33.4 30.7 27.9 31.0 35.4 Men....................................... 30.8 35.8 35.4 33.5 32.0 32.1 30.0 36.9 37.3 Women..................................... 24.4 31.1 30.8 27.7 34.8 29.0 25.6 24.7 33.5 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,957 23,664 23,732 22,957 23,478 23,542 23,604 23,664 23,732 Civilian labor force............................ 15,712 16,018 16,135 15,730 16,013 15,988 16,011 15,908 16,156 Participation rate.......................... 68.4 67.7 68.0 68.5 68.2 67.9 67.8 67.2 68.1 Employed...................................... 14,761 14,728 14,906 14,738 14,753 14,700 14,867 14,743 14,877 Employment-population ratio................. 64.3 62.2 62.8 64.2 62.8 62.4 63.0 62.3 62.7 Unemployed.................................... 951 1,290 1,229 992 1,260 1,288 1,143 1,165 1,279 Unemployment rate........................... 6.1 8.1 7.6 6.3 7.9 8.1 7.1 7.3 7.9 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,326 27,858 28,155 28,326 27,815 28,078 27,420 27,858 28,155 Civilian labor force.................... 12,379 12,114 12,539 12,240 12,257 12,112 12,172 12,187 12,410 Percent of population............... 43.7 43.5 44.5 43.2 44.1 43.1 44.4 43.7 44.1 Employed.............................. 11,581 10,971 11,466 11,415 11,173 11,126 11,165 11,206 11,297 Employment-population ratio......... 40.9 39.4 40.7 40.3 40.2 39.6 40.7 40.2 40.1 Unemployed............................ 798 1,143 1,072 825 1,084 986 1,008 980 1,113 Unemployment rate................... 6.4 9.4 8.6 6.7 8.8 8.1 8.3 8.0 9.0 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,456 57,327 56,904 57,456 57,520 57,608 57,362 57,327 56,904 Civilian labor force.................... 37,186 36,963 36,711 37,016 36,856 36,675 37,023 36,431 36,547 Percent of population............... 64.7 64.5 64.5 64.4 64.1 63.7 64.5 63.5 64.2 Employed.............................. 35,828 34,795 34,700 35,608 35,051 34,768 35,078 34,450 34,459 Employment-population ratio......... 62.4 60.7 61.0 62.0 60.9 60.4 61.2 60.1 60.6 Unemployed............................ 1,358 2,169 2,011 1,408 1,805 1,907 1,945 1,981 2,089 Unemployment rate................... 3.7 5.9 5.5 3.8 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.7 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,653 45,094 44,670 44,653 45,362 45,075 45,350 45,094 44,670 Civilian labor force.................... 32,891 33,147 32,593 33,111 33,521 33,516 32,884 32,896 32,845 Percent of population............... 73.7 73.5 73.0 74.2 73.9 74.4 72.5 72.9 73.5 Employed.............................. 31,937 31,655 31,095 32,138 32,087 32,117 31,527 31,497 31,314 Employment-population ratio......... 71.5 70.2 69.6 72.0 70.7 71.3 69.5 69.8 70.1 Unemployed............................ 954 1,492 1,498 973 1,434 1,398 1,356 1,398 1,532 Unemployment rate................... 2.9 4.5 4.6 2.9 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.7 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 46,045 47,675 48,373 46,045 46,877 46,985 47,636 47,675 48,373 Civilian labor force.................... 36,633 37,889 38,356 36,625 37,101 37,106 37,773 37,853 38,394 Percent of population............... 79.6 79.5 79.3 79.5 79.1 79.0 79.3 79.4 79.4 Employed.............................. 35,909 36,870 37,311 35,821 35,960 36,013 36,681 36,833 37,236 Employment-population ratio......... 78.0 77.3 77.1 77.8 76.7 76.6 77.0 77.3 77.0 Unemployed............................ 724 1,019 1,045 804 1,141 1,093 1,092 1,019 1,158 Unemployment rate................... 2.0 2.7 2.7 2.2 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.0 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 135,122 133,433 133,740 135,424 134,055 133,468 134,319 133,894 133,976 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,386 43,057 43,081 43,459 42,772 42,823 43,275 43,317 43,167 Married women, spouse present................... 33,830 33,787 33,580 33,699 33,209 33,174 33,703 33,552 33,446 Women who maintain families..................... 8,200 8,279 8,282 8,179 8,458 8,396 8,417 8,320 8,266 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 41,836 42,047 42,216 41,789 41,890 41,668 41,966 41,908 42,167 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,053 38,298 38,102 39,096 38,573 38,557 38,424 38,146 38,140 Service occupations............................. 18,331 18,797 18,768 18,332 18,532 18,553 18,612 18,722 18,749 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,760 14,225 14,117 14,905 14,507 14,432 14,335 14,412 14,274 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,917 17,130 17,265 18,032 17,179 17,032 17,668 17,482 17,377 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,225 2,937 3,274 3,241 3,371 3,467 3,334 3,238 3,290 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 1,906 1,650 1,902 1,899 1,879 1,917 1,930 1,825 1,896 Self-employed workers......................... 1,218 1,205 1,218 1,220 1,313 1,311 1,293 1,264 1,216 Unpaid family workers......................... 39 27 31 44 27 49 21 29 34 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 123,186 122,331 122,184 123,406 122,196 122,145 122,770 122,545 122,366 Government.................................. 19,118 19,506 19,541 18,928 19,183 19,047 19,286 19,218 19,347 Private industries.......................... 104,068 102,825 102,643 104,478 103,013 103,098 103,485 103,327 103,019 Private households........................ 820 729 805 809 736 725 709 677 791 Other industries.......................... 103,249 102,096 101,838 103,669 102,277 102,373 102,775 102,650 102,228 Self-employed workers......................... 8,677 8,118 8,308 8,597 8,524 8,213 8,257 8,200 8,234 Unpaid family workers......................... 96 102 99 99 92 97 86 89 103 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,108 4,129 3,927 3,277 4,267 3,973 4,228 3,997 4,151 Slack work or business conditions........... 2,049 2,810 2,599 2,118 2,809 2,549 2,755 2,721 2,690 Could only find part-time work.............. 863 1,068 1,091 895 1,161 1,089 1,120 1,021 1,131 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,143 19,271 19,714 18,698 18,540 18,291 18,395 18,530 18,793 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 2,972 3,982 3,812 3,120 4,119 3,781 3,998 3,848 4,009 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,953 2,714 2,509 2,011 2,717 2,448 2,615 2,605 2,587 Could only find part-time work.............. 850 1,052 1,080 883 1,138 1,068 1,089 1,001 1,122 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,576 18,796 19,206 18,166 17,960 17,717 17,886 18,004 18,274 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 6,310 8,111 8,594 4.5 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 6.0 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,821 3,710 3,905 3.9 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.4 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,344 3,093 3,391 3.8 5.2 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,145 1,308 1,298 14.2 16.2 16.1 15.6 16.4 16.8 Married men, spouse present.................... 1,092 1,536 1,771 2.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.9 Married women, spouse present.................. 986 1,288 1,359 2.8 3.7 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.9 Women who maintain families.................... 546 656 779 6.3 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.3 8.6 Full-time workers.............................. 5,032 6,825 7,329 4.3 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 6.2 Part-time workers.............................. 1,287 1,277 1,290 5.3 5.6 5.2 4.8 5.2 5.2 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 909 1,308 1,333 2.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,560 2,154 2,205 3.8 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.5 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 683 920 999 4.4 5.8 6.3 5.5 6.0 6.5 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,352 1,673 1,795 7.0 9.2 9.5 8.7 8.7 9.4 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 256 320 213 7.3 7.3 7.9 7.1 9.0 6.1 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 5,017 6,670 7,135 4.6 6.2 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.5 Goods-producing industries................... 1,517 2,098 2,148 5.3 7.4 7.4 7.1 7.6 7.8 Mining..................................... 29 36 33 4.8 6.1 5.9 4.5 6.3 6.0 Construction............................... 564 738 778 6.9 8.9 9.4 7.9 8.8 9.3 Manufacturing.............................. 924 1,324 1,338 4.6 6.8 6.6 6.7 7.0 7.2 Durable goods............................ 535 850 838 4.4 7.2 7.0 7.5 7.5 7.6 Nondurable goods......................... 389 474 499 4.9 6.1 5.9 5.5 6.3 6.6 Service-producing industries................. 3,500 4,573 4,987 4.3 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.6 6.0 Transportation and public utilities........ 321 438 497 4.0 6.1 6.2 5.8 5.4 6.1 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,434 1,808 2,008 5.2 7.1 6.3 6.5 6.5 7.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 214 255 270 2.6 3.0 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.2 Services................................... 1,531 2,071 2,212 4.1 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.8 Government workers............................. 423 557 503 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.5 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 196 259 188 9.4 9.6 10.3 9.5 12.4 9.0 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,532 2,798 2,511 2,822 3,024 2,978 2,828 3,078 2,793 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,799 2,794 2,572 1,976 2,724 2,586 2,515 2,411 2,818 15 weeks and over................................ 1,620 3,067 3,062 1,507 2,410 2,546 2,561 2,688 2,854 15 to 26 weeks................................ 897 1,684 1,573 781 1,295 1,418 1,383 1,355 1,360 27 weeks and over............................. 723 1,383 1,490 726 1,115 1,127 1,178 1,333 1,494 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.1 16.2 17.2 12.6 14.5 14.6 15.0 15.4 16.6 Median duration, in weeks........................ 7.0 9.7 10.4 6.0 8.2 8.8 8.1 8.1 8.9 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 42.5 32.3 30.8 44.8 37.1 36.7 35.8 37.6 33.0 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 30.2 32.3 31.6 31.3 33.4 31.9 31.8 29.5 33.3 15 weeks and over.............................. 27.2 35.4 37.6 23.9 29.5 31.4 32.4 32.9 33.7 15 to 26 weeks............................... 15.1 19.4 19.3 12.4 15.9 17.5 17.5 16.6 16.1 27 weeks and over............................ 12.2 16.0 18.3 11.5 13.7 13.9 14.9 16.3 17.6 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,982 4,766 4,466 3,020 4,492 4,354 4,326 4,270 4,525 On temporary layoff............................. 1,000 1,301 1,069 1,023 1,107 1,124 1,106 1,066 1,095 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,981 3,464 3,398 1,997 3,385 3,231 3,220 3,204 3,430 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,455 2,660 2,666 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 526 804 732 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 722 907 945 776 908 879 877 862 1,017 Reentrants........................................ 1,836 2,508 2,261 1,991 2,361 2,191 2,268 2,471 2,450 New entrants...................................... 411 479 473 456 495 479 485 557 519 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 50.1 55.0 54.8 48.4 54.4 55.1 54.4 52.3 53.2 On temporary layoff............................ 16.8 15.0 13.1 16.4 13.4 14.2 13.9 13.1 12.9 Not on temporary layoff........................ 33.3 40.0 41.7 32.0 41.0 40.9 40.5 39.3 40.3 Job leavers...................................... 12.1 10.5 11.6 12.4 11.0 11.1 11.0 10.6 12.0 Reentrants....................................... 30.9 29.0 27.8 31.9 28.6 27.7 28.5 30.3 28.8 New entrants..................................... 6.9 5.5 5.8 7.3 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.8 6.1 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2.1 3.4 3.1 2.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 Job leavers...................................... .5 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 Reentrants....................................... 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 1 Not available. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.1 3.4 3.1 2.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.2 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.2 6.1 5.7 4.5 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 6.0 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.5 6.3 6.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.0 7.0 6.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.2 9.8 9.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 6,310 8,111 8,594 4.5 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.7 6.0 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,334 2,808 2,754 10.3 11.9 11.9 11.6 12.5 12.3 16 to 19 years................................ 1,145 1,308 1,298 14.2 16.2 16.1 15.6 16.4 16.8 16 to 17 years.............................. 521 544 567 16.7 18.8 17.0 16.5 18.0 19.4 18 to 19 years.............................. 623 738 730 12.6 14.8 15.2 14.7 15.1 15.1 20 to 24 years................................ 1,189 1,500 1,456 8.2 9.6 9.7 9.5 10.3 10.0 25 years and over............................... 4,010 5,326 5,891 3.4 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.9 25 to 54 years................................ 3,424 4,664 4,972 3.4 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 5.0 55 years and over............................. 510 689 798 2.7 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.5 4.0 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,451 4,457 4,611 4.6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.9 6.1 16 to 24 years................................ 1,282 1,597 1,500 10.9 12.8 12.5 12.4 13.7 13.0 16 to 19 years.............................. 630 747 707 15.1 17.2 16.3 16.8 18.5 18.1 16 to 17 years............................ 304 307 287 18.7 20.0 17.6 19.6 20.8 19.6 18 to 19 years............................ 330 423 423 12.9 15.6 15.1 15.4 16.7 17.2 20 to 24 years.............................. 652 850 794 8.6 10.5 10.6 10.2 11.1 10.3 25 years and over............................. 2,169 2,882 3,106 3.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.8 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,855 2,513 2,616 3.5 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.9 55 years and over........................... 297 384 464 2.9 4.2 3.8 4.1 3.6 4.3 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,859 3,654 3,982 4.3 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.5 6.0 16 to 24 years................................ 1,052 1,211 1,254 9.7 11.0 11.3 10.7 11.2 11.6 16 to 19 years.............................. 515 561 592 13.2 15.1 15.8 14.3 14.3 15.4 16 to 17 years............................ 217 238 279 14.5 17.6 16.4 13.6 15.3 19.2 18 to 19 years............................ 293 315 306 12.2 14.0 15.2 13.9 13.4 12.9 20 to 24 years.............................. 537 650 662 7.8 8.7 8.7 8.7 9.4 9.6 25 years and over............................. 1,841 2,444 2,784 3.3 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.4 5.0 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,569 2,152 2,357 3.4 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.6 5.1 55 years and over........................... 213 305 334 2.5 3.7 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.7 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 70,275 71,605 26,279 27,070 43,996 44,535 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,451 4,509 1,942 2,020 2,509 2,489 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,124 1,386 541 717 583 669 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 346 317 214 204 132 113 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 778 1,069 327 512 452 556 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,280 7,265 3,829 3,776 3,450 3,489 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.6 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,122 3,987 2,343 2,273 1,779 1,714 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,573 1,543 529 513 1,045 1,030 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 274 291 196 197 78 94 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,282 1,416 748 777 534 639 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total......................... 132,377 129,787 130,353 131,138 132,489 131,321 131,212 131,208 131,187 131,230 Total private.................... 111,213 108,372 108,818 109,610 111,742 110,260 110,142 110,123 110,068 110,109 Goods-producing......................... 25,195 23,667 23,712 23,863 25,421 24,453 24,273 24,242 24,159 24,068 Mining................................ 554 544 544 555 560 564 563 558 554 561 Metal mining........................ 36.7 30.0 30.1 30.6 37 33 31 30 31 31 Coal mining......................... 75.5 81.0 80.6 80.7 75 82 82 81 80 81 Oil and gas extraction.............. 330.1 329.1 326.0 331.4 335 336 339 335 331 336 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 111.6 104.0 107.2 111.9 113 113 111 112 112 113 Construction.......................... 6,709 6,333 6,404 6,558 6,852 6,850 6,787 6,815 6,774 6,695 General building contractors........ 1,511.8 1,473.1 1,481.2 1,497.3 1,548 1,559 1,552 1,552 1,548 1,536 Heavy construction, except building. 899.4 803.9 824.2 878.4 915 944 928 938 905 899 Special trade contractors........... 4,298.1 4,056.4 4,098.6 4,182.1 4,389 4,347 4,307 4,325 4,321 4,260 Manufacturing......................... 17,932 16,790 16,764 16,750 18,009 17,039 16,923 16,869 16,831 16,812 Production workers................ 12,116 11,224 11,215 11,217 12,166 11,405 11,328 11,294 11,267 11,256 Durable goods........................ 10,844 9,990 9,965 9,969 10,870 10,158 10,048 10,018 9,988 9,987 Production workers................ 7,296 6,629 6,620 6,630 7,308 6,744 6,675 6,657 6,638 6,634 Lumber and wood products............ 789.0 767.2 767.0 773.5 800 780 781 784 783 784 Furniture and fixtures.............. 544.1 496.7 496.7 501.4 543 499 497 499 497 500 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 574.4 537.6 544.4 551.2 577 559 554 551 553 552 Primary metal industries............ 664.3 599.3 597.6 595.6 667 613 600 596 599 597 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 212.7 188.8 188.5 187.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,497.5 1,414.1 1,410.6 1,416.5 1,503 1,428 1,416 1,417 1,415 1,420 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,071.0 1,861.8 1,857.1 1,853.3 2,072 1,892 1,870 1,857 1,850 1,853 Computer and office equipment..... 363.2 326.9 325.3 322.4 367 335 327 326 326 325 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,678.3 1,441.4 1,428.6 1,422.6 1,684 1,474 1,456 1,434 1,424 1,424 Electronic components and accessories.................... 684.0 564.7 557.2 553.7 686 583 571 561 555 554 Transportation equipment............ 1,771.1 1,665.5 1,660.4 1,651.5 1,768 1,696 1,661 1,671 1,661 1,651 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 950.9 893.8 896.2 891.3 950 901 878 897 899 891 Aircraft and parts................ 463.6 431.2 423.0 417.7 464 452 440 432 423 419 Instruments and related products.... 864.5 832.6 828.3 823.5 866 839 835 833 830 826 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 389.4 373.5 374.5 379.4 390 378 378 376 376 380 Nondurable goods..................... 7,088 6,800 6,799 6,781 7,139 6,881 6,875 6,851 6,843 6,825 Production workers................ 4,820 4,595 4,595 4,587 4,858 4,661 4,653 4,637 4,629 4,622 Food and kindred products........... 1,651.7 1,654.6 1,653.9 1,654.6 1,687 1,682 1,684 1,685 1,685 1,687 Tobacco products.................... 31.2 33.3 32.6 32.3 32 32 33 33 33 33 Textile mill products............... 487.1 435.7 435.5 434.1 489 442 440 439 437 435 Apparel and other textile products.. 581.4 522.2 524.7 523.3 581 531 534 527 525 523 Paper and allied products........... 636.8 619.9 619.8 615.9 641 624 624 622 622 619 Printing and publishing............. 1,507.0 1,420.1 1,414.0 1,407.9 1,512 1,444 1,434 1,423 1,416 1,412 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,034.2 1,018.0 1,015.0 1,008.1 1,036 1,021 1,020 1,019 1,017 1,010 Petroleum and coal products......... 127.1 123.7 127.1 129.8 128 127 128 128 130 130 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 965.7 914.4 917.1 917.4 967 920 919 916 919 918 Leather and leather products........ 65.7 58.4 59.0 58.0 66 58 59 59 59 58 Service-producing....................... 107,182 106,120 106,641 107,275 107,068 106,868 106,939 106,966 107,028 107,162 Transportation and public utilities... 7,087 6,826 6,834 6,858 7,119 6,915 6,898 6,895 6,881 6,886 Transportation...................... 4,552 4,319 4,330 4,364 4,576 4,387 4,381 4,381 4,369 4,387 Railroad transportation........... 229.7 223.3 225.2 226.8 230 227 228 226 227 227 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 492.2 494.6 497.2 500.8 477 485 482 484 484 489 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,841.4 1,788.3 1,795.6 1,807.2 1,864 1,832 1,830 1,827 1,826 1,830 Water transportation.............. 199.6 194.4 195.1 204.3 202 206 204 205 203 206 Transportation by air............. 1,299.9 1,176.6 1,175.1 1,181.8 1,313 1,189 1,192 1,195 1,187 1,192 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.6 13.8 13.9 13.9 14 14 14 14 14 14 Transportation services........... 475.1 428.2 427.7 429.0 476 434 431 430 428 429 Communications and public utilities. 2,535 2,507 2,504 2,494 2,543 2,528 2,517 2,514 2,512 2,499 Communications.................... 1,692.5 1,665.9 1,664.3 1,654.6 1,696 1,683 1,670 1,669 1,668 1,655 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 842.5 841.4 839.7 839.4 847 845 847 845 844 844 Wholesale trade....................... 7,034 6,870 6,879 6,894 7,053 6,938 6,933 6,917 6,911 6,910 Durable goods....................... 4,177 4,051 4,048 4,053 4,187 4,086 4,076 4,067 4,061 4,060 Nondurable goods.................... 2,857 2,819 2,831 2,841 2,866 2,852 2,857 2,850 2,850 2,850 Retail trade.......................... 23,289 22,927 23,006 23,244 23,530 23,365 23,408 23,466 23,452 23,475 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 1,018.5 971.1 1,005.3 1,053.6 999 1,013 1,022 1,028 1,035 1,039 General merchandise stores.......... 2,708.1 2,687.9 2,688.7 2,694.5 2,804 2,755 2,710 2,793 2,793 2,792 Department stores................. 2,374.1 2,347.4 2,351.0 2,356.0 2,459 2,410 2,369 2,435 2,442 2,443 Food stores......................... 3,524.2 3,469.8 3,449.5 3,452.7 3,562 3,525 3,519 3,502 3,494 3,484 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,417.3 2,400.3 2,405.4 2,425.1 2,421 2,428 2,436 2,430 2,427 2,433 New and used car dealers.......... 1,121.1 1,139.8 1,142.8 1,145.5 1,122 1,141 1,145 1,147 1,147 1,147 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,194.6 1,177.3 1,184.6 1,183.2 1,226 1,192 1,221 1,218 1,222 1,214 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,129.3 1,133.3 1,133.4 1,134.5 1,140 1,143 1,138 1,142 1,143 1,146 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,201.1 7,966.4 8,057.9 8,220.2 8,213 8,209 8,213 8,206 8,192 8,223 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,095.8 3,120.4 3,081.4 3,080.5 3,165 3,100 3,149 3,147 3,146 3,144 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,599 7,572 7,581 7,610 7,626 7,632 7,638 7,626 7,616 7,634 Finance............................. 3,751 3,759 3,760 3,759 3,761 3,774 3,778 3,769 3,764 3,767 Depository institutions........... 2,027.1 2,037.4 2,037.5 2,041.6 2,032 2,044 2,046 2,043 2,042 2,046 Commercial banks................ 1,417.4 1,421.8 1,420.6 1,422.8 1,421 1,427 1,429 1,427 1,425 1,427 Savings institutions............ 254.0 260.8 261.9 263.8 255 260 262 261 263 264 Nondepository institutions........ 689.9 729.6 730.2 728.1 691 728 731 731 729 729 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 308.1 346.7 346.5 344.6 308 342 346 349 347 345 Security and commodity brokers.... 774.0 735.1 735.5 735.5 780 744 742 738 738 739 Holding and other investment offices........................ 259.9 257.2 256.7 254.1 258 258 259 257 255 253 Insurance........................... 2,351 2,342 2,341 2,347 2,356 2,352 2,351 2,347 2,342 2,351 Insurance carriers................ 1,592.1 1,586.2 1,585.1 1,589.9 1,596 1,594 1,594 1,589 1,585 1,593 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 759.3 755.9 756.2 757.3 760 758 757 758 757 758 Real estate......................... 1,497 1,471 1,480 1,504 1,509 1,506 1,509 1,510 1,510 1,516 Services2............................. 41,009 40,510 40,806 41,141 40,993 40,957 40,992 40,977 41,049 41,136 Agricultural services............... 839.8 719.4 759.1 848.8 824 846 843 844 846 835 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,895.4 1,761.2 1,789.7 1,813.4 1,944 1,845 1,854 1,858 1,860 1,856 Personal services................... 1,335.6 1,361.6 1,359.9 1,362.8 1,267 1,294 1,295 1,285 1,293 1,296 Business services................... 9,604.9 9,114.8 9,205.0 9,282.4 9,729 9,346 9,317 9,286 9,339 9,408 Services to buildings............. 1,007.0 966.6 970.4 981.3 1,009 992 982 976 977 981 Personnel supply services......... 3,504.6 3,084.8 3,183.4 3,258.7 3,600 3,252 3,237 3,237 3,306 3,358 Help supply services............ 3,112.7 2,748.9 2,840.4 2,907.2 3,202 2,894 2,881 2,891 2,951 3,017 Computer and data processing services....................... 2,200.1 2,187.7 2,184.1 2,173.5 2,199 2,189 2,186 2,184 2,177 2,170 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,301.0 1,302.9 1,301.8 1,302.7 1,300 1,304 1,308 1,307 1,302 1,301 Miscellaneous repair services....... 363.7 356.5 354.4 354.7 364 359 358 361 357 355 Motion pictures..................... 598.2 576.2 576.8 581.7 601 580 589 579 576 584 Amusement and recreation services... 1,737.5 1,544.5 1,591.3 1,690.9 1,764 1,777 1,772 1,756 1,746 1,722 Health services..................... 10264.1 10504.4 10545.0 10554.6 10,280 10,483 10,504 10,528 10,558 10,573 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,964.2 2,010.7 2,018.5 2,020.2 1,967 2,002 2,007 2,016 2,023 2,023 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,811.3 1,842.9 1,850.5 1,854.2 1,816 1,842 1,848 1,847 1,852 1,858 Hospitals......................... 4,056.3 4,170.1 4,180.3 4,182.4 4,062 4,158 4,167 4,174 4,183 4,191 Home health care services......... 646.2 657.5 661.6 662.9 646 659 663 662 662 663 Legal services...................... 1,014.7 1,023.9 1,024.1 1,024.8 1,021 1,031 1,030 1,030 1,029 1,033 Educational services................ 2,533.7 2,617.1 2,627.6 2,628.0 2,388 2,457 2,472 2,486 2,478 2,485 Social services..................... 3,044.2 3,123.5 3,139.8 3,148.2 3,023 3,105 3,122 3,120 3,124 3,128 Child day care services........... 764.2 768.7 774.9 780.4 743 757 756 754 755 758 Residential care.................. 833.2 856.7 860.8 860.1 835 853 860 860 863 863 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 107.9 101.0 103.8 108.0 109 110 110 110 110 110 Membership organizations............ 2,477.6 2,485.0 2,494.9 2,499.5 2,489 2,506 2,504 2,505 2,506 2,512 Engineering and management services. 3,518.3 3,546.7 3,561.9 3,570.0 3,517 3,541 3,542 3,550 3,553 3,567 Engineering and architectural services....................... 1,045.0 1,049.7 1,054.5 1,058.9 1,053 1,063 1,064 1,061 1,066 1,068 Management and public relations... 1,120.6 1,123.0 1,124.5 1,130.3 1,124 1,125 1,132 1,131 1,128 1,133 Services, nec....................... 50.8 49.8 49.2 49.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 21,164 21,415 21,535 21,528 20,747 21,061 21,070 21,085 21,119 21,121 Federal............................. 2,611 2,596 2,597 2,599 2,615 2,615 2,607 2,608 2,605 2,605 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,756.5 1,767.3 1,771.9 1,776.4 1,756 1,775 1,775 1,777 1,777 1,778 State............................... 4,984 5,030 5,068 5,070 4,847 4,928 4,934 4,928 4,931 4,932 Education......................... 2,212.9 2,240.2 2,275.1 2,275.1 2,065 2,112 2,120 2,117 2,122 2,125 Other State government............ 2,770.6 2,789.5 2,792.5 2,794.9 2,782 2,816 2,814 2,811 2,809 2,807 Local............................... 13,569 13,789 13,870 13,859 13,285 13,518 13,529 13,549 13,583 13,584 Education......................... 7,874.7 8,022.1 8,083.2 8,052.7 7,495 7,642 7,644 7,654 7,684 7,685 Other local government............ 5,694.1 5,766.6 5,786.7 5,805.8 5,790 5,876 5,885 5,895 5,899 5,899 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... 34.1 33.9 33.9 33.9 34.2 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.2 34.1 Goods-producing......................... 39.6 39.9 40.2 40.2 40.6 40.1 40.4 40.4 40.5 40.4 Mining................................ 43.5 42.8 42.8 42.4 44.0 43.3 43.0 43.4 43.4 42.5 Construction.......................... 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.7 39.3 38.8 39.8 39.6 39.1 39.0 Manufacturing......................... 39.9 40.3 40.9 40.8 41.0 40.6 40.6 40.7 41.0 41.0 Overtime hours.................... 3.3 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.3 Durable goods........................ 40.1 40.7 41.2 41.2 41.3 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.4 41.4 Overtime hours.................... 3.2 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.4 Lumber and wood products............ 39.9 39.9 40.7 40.6 40.1 40.8 40.1 40.8 41.0 40.6 Furniture and fixtures.............. 37.9 39.8 40.5 40.4 39.3 38.8 40.0 40.6 40.8 40.9 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.7 43.2 43.4 44.3 43.2 43.5 44.3 44.6 44.3 44.7 Primary metal industries............ 43.2 43.3 44.2 44.2 44.3 43.8 43.5 43.5 44.6 44.3 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 45.2 43.7 44.8 44.6 45.4 43.8 43.8 44.1 45.1 44.7 Fabricated metal products........... 40.2 41.2 41.6 41.5 42.0 41.2 41.3 41.5 41.8 41.7 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 39.9 40.2 40.5 40.2 41.3 40.2 40.2 39.9 40.4 40.4 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 38.5 38.5 39.2 39.0 39.8 39.3 38.5 38.7 39.3 39.4 Transportation equipment............ 40.8 41.9 42.5 42.9 42.4 41.7 42.7 42.2 42.4 42.8 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 41.4 43.2 43.9 44.8 43.3 43.0 44.3 43.5 44.0 44.4 Instruments and related products.... 40.2 40.3 40.7 40.2 41.0 40.5 40.3 40.0 40.6 40.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 37.4 37.7 38.5 38.2 38.2 37.7 37.5 38.0 38.4 38.3 Nondurable goods..................... 39.6 39.9 40.3 40.1 40.5 40.2 40.1 40.2 40.6 40.4 Overtime hours.................... 3.4 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.2 Food and kindred products........... 39.9 40.1 40.6 40.2 41.3 40.8 41.0 40.9 41.3 41.0 Tobacco products.................... 39.2 40.4 40.1 40.2 41.1 40.6 41.5 41.6 40.7 40.6 Textile mill products............... 39.3 40.6 41.7 42.1 40.3 40.0 39.9 41.1 41.7 42.1 Apparel and other textile products.. 36.7 37.1 38.2 37.6 38.0 37.4 37.0 37.0 38.1 37.5 Paper and allied products........... 41.1 41.1 41.5 41.6 42.0 41.5 41.2 41.5 41.8 41.9 Printing and publishing............. 37.6 37.4 37.8 37.4 38.2 37.8 37.5 37.6 37.8 37.5 Chemicals and allied products....... 42.4 41.6 41.9 42.0 42.6 41.8 42.0 41.7 42.0 42.0 Petroleum and coal products......... 43.7 41.2 40.6 39.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 39.7 40.9 41.1 41.1 40.8 41.2 40.9 41.1 41.2 41.5 Leather and leather products........ 35.6 37.4 37.6 37.9 36.6 37.4 37.9 37.8 37.8 38.1 Service-producing....................... 32.8 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.7 Transportation and public utilities... 38.2 37.4 37.7 37.7 38.1 38.0 37.8 37.6 38.0 38.1 Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.1 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.2 38.4 38.4 38.4 Retail trade.......................... 28.8 28.5 28.6 28.5 28.8 28.9 28.8 29.0 29.0 28.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.7 36.2 36.1 36.0 36.3 36.1 36.1 36.2 36.4 36.3 Services.............................. 32.7 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... $14.27 $14.68 $14.69 $14.72 $486.61 $497.65 $497.99 $499.01 Seasonally adjusted............. 14.21 14.63 14.67 14.69 485.98 498.88 501.71 500.93 Goods-producing......................... 15.76 16.17 16.20 16.27 624.10 645.18 651.24 654.05 Mining................................ 17.60 17.85 17.82 17.85 765.60 763.98 762.70 756.84 Construction.......................... 18.07 18.50 18.60 18.63 695.70 712.25 714.24 720.98 Manufacturing......................... 14.74 15.16 15.17 15.22 588.13 610.95 620.45 620.98 Durable goods........................ 15.14 15.63 15.64 15.67 607.11 636.14 644.37 645.60 Lumber and wood products............ 12.13 12.33 12.32 12.33 483.99 491.97 501.42 500.60 Furniture and fixtures.............. 12.07 12.58 12.52 12.52 457.45 500.68 507.06 505.81 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.96 15.26 15.24 15.43 638.79 659.23 661.42 683.55 Primary metal industries............ 16.90 17.30 17.30 17.37 730.08 749.09 764.66 767.75 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 20.37 20.75 20.58 20.80 920.72 906.78 921.98 927.68 Fabricated metal products........... 14.11 14.52 14.62 14.64 567.22 598.22 608.19 607.56 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.74 16.31 16.30 16.33 628.03 655.66 660.15 656.47 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 14.39 14.89 14.92 14.91 554.02 573.27 584.86 581.49 Transportation equipment............ 18.77 19.63 19.58 19.65 765.82 822.50 832.15 842.99 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 19.13 20.08 20.09 20.24 791.98 867.46 881.95 906.75 Instruments and related products.... 14.80 15.21 15.26 15.27 594.96 612.96 621.08 613.85 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 12.04 12.51 12.59 12.53 450.30 471.63 484.72 478.65 Nondurable goods..................... 14.12 14.45 14.48 14.55 559.15 576.56 583.54 583.46 Food and kindred products........... 12.79 13.08 13.14 13.23 510.32 524.51 533.48 531.85 Tobacco products.................... 22.59 22.22 23.02 23.40 885.53 897.69 923.10 940.68 Textile mill products............... 11.30 11.61 11.65 11.68 444.09 471.37 485.81 491.73 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.44 9.80 9.90 9.92 346.45 363.58 378.18 372.99 Paper and allied products........... 16.74 17.06 17.14 17.32 688.01 701.17 711.31 720.51 Printing and publishing............. 14.75 15.12 15.19 15.23 554.60 565.49 574.18 569.60 Chemicals and allied products....... 18.64 18.94 18.89 18.94 790.34 787.90 791.49 795.48 Petroleum and coal products......... 22.09 22.52 22.46 22.28 965.33 927.82 911.88 868.92 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 13.33 13.60 13.61 13.69 529.20 556.24 559.37 562.66 Leather and leather products........ 10.37 10.30 10.30 10.34 369.17 385.22 387.28 391.89 Service-producing....................... 13.83 14.27 14.27 14.28 453.62 463.78 463.78 464.10 Transportation and public utilities... 16.78 17.43 17.40 17.48 641.00 651.88 655.98 659.00 Wholesale trade....................... 15.86 16.17 16.08 16.09 607.44 616.08 612.65 616.25 Retail trade.......................... 9.78 10.04 10.05 10.09 281.66 286.14 287.43 287.57 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.81 16.20 16.24 16.29 580.23 586.44 586.26 586.44 Services.............................. 14.58 15.10 15.10 15.09 476.77 490.75 489.24 488.92 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change Industry 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002p 2002p from: Mar. 2002- Apr. 2002 Total private: Current dollars.............. $14.21 $14.58 $14.59 $14.63 $14.67 $14.69 0.1 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.94 8.15 8.14 8.15 8.14 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 15.78 16.20 16.23 16.27 16.31 16.32 .1 Mining...................... 17.53 17.83 17.77 17.74 17.79 17.78 -.1 Construction................ 18.15 18.57 18.54 18.57 18.69 18.75 .3 Manufacturing............... 14.72 15.09 15.12 15.18 15.20 15.21 .1 Excluding overtime4....... 14.04 14.41 14.42 14.47 14.45 14.46 .1 Service-producing............. 13.73 14.12 14.12 14.16 14.20 14.23 .2 Transportation and public utilities................ 16.74 17.23 17.35 17.40 17.43 17.44 .1 Wholesale trade............. 15.74 16.05 16.05 16.16 16.17 16.09 -.5 Retail trade................ 9.74 9.99 9.99 10.01 10.03 10.05 .2 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 15.64 16.14 16.11 16.13 16.20 16.22 .1 Services.................... 14.48 14.93 14.92 14.97 15.01 15.06 .3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from February 2002 to March 2002, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2001 2002 2002p 2002p 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002p 2002p Total private.................... 150.1 144.7 145.6 146.8 151.5 148.8 148.4 148.6 148.8 148.5 Goods-producing......................... 109.5 102.1 103.2 104.2 113.5 107.1 107.0 106.5 106.6 105.9 Mining................................ 53.7 50.7 50.8 51.9 55.0 54.3 53.4 53.1 52.5 52.6 Construction.......................... 181.0 166.9 168.8 175.0 190.0 185.8 188.6 186.0 184.1 180.6 Manufacturing......................... 97.5 91.3 92.4 92.2 100.7 93.3 92.7 92.6 93.2 93.0 Durable goods........................ 102.1 94.1 95.2 95.3 105.4 96.1 95.3 95.2 95.8 95.8 Lumber and wood products............ 134.3 130.0 132.6 133.7 137.2 135.5 133.2 136.1 136.8 135.7 Furniture and fixtures.............. 128.7 122.2 124.6 125.3 133.1 119.8 122.6 125.1 125.4 126.3 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 116.4 108.9 111.2 114.8 118.3 114.4 115.2 115.9 115.7 115.9 Primary metal industries............ 84.7 75.2 76.6 76.6 87.0 78.0 75.5 75.0 77.4 76.9 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 67.0 57.0 58.4 58.0 67.6 60.5 57.4 57.4 58.7 58.2 Fabricated metal products........... 111.5 107.2 108.0 108.5 116.9 108.1 107.5 108.2 108.8 109.2 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 93.4 82.8 83.2 82.4 96.3 84.4 83.3 82.1 82.8 82.7 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 97.3 81.5 82.3 81.3 100.9 85.1 82.4 81.3 82.3 82.1 Transportation equipment............ 110.1 104.7 105.7 106.4 113.8 105.3 106.4 105.8 105.2 105.6 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 143.3 138.5 140.9 143.3 149.0 137.8 139.8 140.0 141.0 141.4 Instruments and related products.... 73.1 69.5 69.5 68.1 74.7 70.5 69.8 68.9 69.3 68.4 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 93.1 87.6 90.7 91.3 95.3 89.1 88.6 89.1 90.7 91.6 Nondurable goods..................... 91.2 87.5 88.5 87.9 94.1 89.5 89.2 89.1 89.7 89.3 Food and kindred products........... 109.3 109.4 110.6 109.8 116.0 113.6 114.3 114.1 114.9 114.6 Tobacco products.................... 43.5 49.5 47.9 47.0 46.8 46.3 49.3 49.4 50.4 50.3 Textile mill products............... 66.6 60.9 62.8 63.1 68.5 61.2 60.2 62.3 63.1 63.3 Apparel and other textile products.. 48.4 43.5 44.9 44.4 50.1 44.5 44.4 43.8 44.7 44.2 Paper and allied products........... 96.8 94.3 95.2 94.8 99.7 95.9 95.2 95.7 96.6 96.0 Printing and publishing............. 114.5 106.4 106.7 105.2 116.5 109.9 108.1 107.4 107.1 106.0 Chemicals and allied products....... 98.5 94.2 94.6 93.6 98.7 95.0 95.1 94.2 94.6 93.5 Petroleum and coal products......... 72.7 67.6 69.2 68.6 72.9 71.4 71.1 70.0 70.5 67.7 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 134.5 131.1 132.3 132.4 138.4 132.9 131.7 131.8 132.7 133.6 Leather and leather products........ 27.4 24.8 24.9 24.7 28.1 24.7 25.0 25.0 25.0 24.6 Service-producing....................... 168.4 163.8 164.6 165.9 168.5 167.5 166.9 167.5 167.7 167.7 Transportation and public utilities... 138.9 131.4 132.5 133.0 139.4 135.0 134.3 133.5 134.6 135.1 Wholesale trade....................... 131.1 127.9 128.3 128.9 131.4 129.8 129.6 130.2 129.9 129.8 Retail trade.......................... 144.7 140.5 141.1 142.7 146.7 145.5 145.4 146.5 146.4 145.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 141.2 138.5 138.1 138.3 140.2 139.6 139.6 139.5 140.2 140.1 Services.............................. 212.7 207.9 209.2 211.1 211.8 211.8 210.8 211.5 211.8 212.1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4 1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8 2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2 2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 45.0 46.6 44.3 45.5 43.9 44.1 38.7 38.7 41.8 2002.............. 48.9 45.9 p45.0 p50.7 Over 3-month span: 1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2 1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6 2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3 2001.............. 51.7 54.1 48.6 49.2 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.9 38.8 35.8 35.6 37.7 2002.............. 41.1 p42.8 p44.9 Over 6-month span: 1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9 1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9 2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2 2001.............. 52.0 50.6 48.6 45.3 44.1 38.5 37.1 35.6 35.1 35.7 34.8 p35.6 2002.............. p37.8 Over 12-month span: 1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8 1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9 2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 53.4 53.0 51.7 2001.............. 49.6 47.7 45.0 43.1 40.5 39.8 38.4 36.8 p34.6 p33.6 2002.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4 1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7 2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1 2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 31.3 29.4 33.1 39.0 27.6 36.0 29.4 25.7 29.4 2002.............. 39.0 40.4 p43.0 p47.1 Over 3-month span: 1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8 1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0 2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7 2001.............. 28.3 29.4 24.6 26.5 22.4 24.6 21.0 19.9 19.9 21.0 17.6 20.2 2002.............. 25.7 p34.2 p37.1 Over 6-month span: 1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2 1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5 2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9 2001.............. 26.8 25.4 19.9 20.6 20.2 15.1 13.2 14.0 11.8 14.7 18.0 p18.8 2002.............. p20.2 Over 12-month span: 1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2 1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5 2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 25.4 24.3 21.0 2001.............. 19.1 16.5 14.7 16.2 15.1 12.1 12.9 12.9 p12.5 p12.1 2002.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.