Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 01-157 http://www.bls.gov/cpshome.htm Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, June 1, 2001. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MAY 2001 Nonfarm employment and the unemployment rate were little changed in May, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Manufacturing had another large job loss, which was mostly offset by employment gains in other industries, including services, construction, and finance, insurance, and real estate. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons (6.2 million) and the unemployment rate (4.4 percent) were little changed in May. The unemployment rate was half a percentage point higher than its recent low of 3.9 percent in October. The rates for all the major worker groups--adult men (3.9 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (13.6 percent), whites (3.8 percent), blacks (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (6.2 percent)--showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment (135.1 million) edged down in May after seasonal adjustment. The employment-population ratio decreased to 63.9 percent and has fallen by 0.6 percentage point since January. The civilian labor force dropped by 485,000 over the month to 141.3 million, seasonally adjusted, and the labor force participation rate--the proportion of the population 16 years of age and older who are either working or looking for work--fell to 66.8 percent. (See table A-1.) In May, 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of the employed, down from 5.7 percent 1 year earlier. (See table A-10.) ------------------------------------------------------------------ | The establishment data in this release have been revised as a| | result of the annual benchmarking process; the introduction of | | probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and| | manufacturing; and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. | | More information on the revisions is contained in the note | | beginning on page 5. | ------------------------------------------------------------------ - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Apr.- Category | 2000 | 2001 | 2001 | May |________|________|________ _________________|change | IV | I | Mar. | Apr. | May | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 141,208| 141,858| 141,868| 141,757| 141,272| -485 Employment..........| 135,593| 135,864| 135,780| 135,354| 135,103| -251 Unemployment........| 5,616| 5,994| 6,088| 6,402| 6,169| -233 Not in labor force....| 69,358| 69,171| 69,304| 69,592| 70,254| 662 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.0| 4.2| 4.3| 4.5| 4.4| -0.1 Adult men...........| 3.4| 3.7| 3.8| 4.0| 3.9| -.1 Adult women.........| 3.4| 3.6| 3.6| 3.8| 3.8| .0 Teenagers...........| 12.9| 13.7| 13.8| 14.2| 13.6| -.6 White...............| 3.5| 3.7| 3.7| 4.0| 3.8| -.2 Black...............| 7.5| 8.1| 8.6| 8.2| 8.0| -.2 Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 6.2| 6.3| 6.5| 6.2| -.3 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA 1/| Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 132,264| 132,559| 132,654|p132,472|p132,453| p-19 Goods-producing 2/..| 25,704| 25,621| 25,602| p25,414| p25,325| p-89 Construction......| 6,777| 6,878| 6,929| p6,851| p6,882| p31 Manufacturing.....| 18,378| 18,188| 18,116| p18,003| p17,879| p-124 Service-producing 2/| 106,560| 106,938| 107,052|p107,058|p107,128| p70 Retail trade......| 23,394| 23,448| 23,457| p23,518| p23,513| p-5 Services..........| 40,838| 41,026| 41,073| p40,995| p41,037| p42 Government........| 20,595| 20,673| 20,711| p20,746| p20,759| p13 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.3| 34.3| 34.3| p34.2| p34.3| p0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.1| 41.0| 41.0| p41.0| p40.8| p-.2 Overtime..........| 4.3| 4.1| 4.1| p3.9| p3.9| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 151.6| 152.0| 152.0| p151.5| p151.5| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 3/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.97| $14.10| $14.17| p$14.22| p$14.26| p$0.04 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 479.05| 484.21| 486.03| p486.32| p489.12| p2.80 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Establishment data have been revised to reflect March 2000 bench- marks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. 2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in May, the same as a year earlier. These were people who wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. In May, the number of discouraged workers was 325,000. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in May at 132.5 million, seasonally adjusted. This follows a decline of 182,000 (as revised) in April. In May, manufacturing employment again fell sharply, and there were continued job losses in wholesale trade. At the same time, several other industries added jobs, including services, construction, and finance, insurance, and real estate. (See table B-1.) Manufacturing employment dropped by 124,000 in May. Since last July, job losses in manufacturing have totaled 675,000, with more than two-thirds of the decline occurring since December. Declines in manufacturing were widespread in May. The largest were in electronic equipment (26,000), industrial machinery (18,000), motor vehicles (15,000), and fabricated metals (15,000). Since December, employment in these four industries has fallen by 248,000, a little over half of the total loss for manufacturing this year. Construction employment increased by 31,000 in May, after seasonal adjustment, partially offsetting a decline of 78,000 in April. The average monthly job gain in construction so far this year (18,000) has been the same as the average for all of 2000. Mining employment grew by 4,000 in May. Oil and gas extraction continued on the upward trend that began in the fall of 1999; so far this year, the industry has added 19,000 jobs and has accounted for all of the growth in mining. In the service-producing sector, employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose by 22,000 in May. Following losses in the first half of 2000, this industry has added 112,000 jobs since July. Over the month, employment rose in nearly all the component industries. Mortgage banks and brokerages continued to add jobs. Following 2 years of sustained job losses, employment in commercial banks has risen for 3 consecutive months. In contrast, employment in security brokerages has weakened in recent months; the industry lost 3,000 jobs in May. Services employment rose by only 42,000 in May, following a loss of 78,000 in April. Gains in educational services (26,000), health services (23,000), social services (14,000), and agricultural services (13,000) were largely offset by losses in business services (34,000) and motion pictures (22,000). Within business services, employment in help supply services was virtually unchanged in May. This follows a sharp downward trend from October through April that lowered help supply employment by 346,000. In May, job growth continued to slow in computer services, and engineering and management services showed a small employment loss. Retail trade employment was little changed in May, following a large increase in April. Monthly employment gains in this industry so far this year have averaged 21,000, slightly below the monthly average for all of 2000. In May, employment increased in building material stores, general merchandise stores, and auto dealerships, while declines took place in furniture, apparel, and food stores. - 4 - Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 12,000 in May, offsetting a decline in April. Growth in this industry has been sluggish so far this year, with monthly job increases averaging 5,000, compared with 14,000 in 2000. In government, there was a small employment gain in local education. Wholesale trade employment continued on the downward trend that started late last year. Declines in April (12,000) and May (14,000) were particularly large. Most of the weakness in this industry has been in the distribution of durable goods. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in May to 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.8 hours. Manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 3.9 hours. Over the past 12 months, the factory workweek has fallen by 0.8 hour and factory overtime by 0.7 hour. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 151.5 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted, and was virtually the same as a year earlier. The manufacturing index fell by 1.5 percent in May to 99.1. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in May to $14.26, seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased by 0.6 percent to $489.12. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.3 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 4.0 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for June 2001 is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 - Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample Beginning in September 2000, the Census Bureau expanded the monthly sample for the Current Population Survey (CPS) to meet the requirements of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) legislation. This legislation requires that the Census Bureau improve state estimates of the number of children who live in low-income families and lack health insurance. These estimates are obtained from the Annual Demographic Supplement to the CPS. The expansion of the monthly CPS sample was one part of the Census Bureau's plan for strengthening the SCHIP estimates. The monthly CPS sample was increased in 31 states and the District of Columbia, and the total number of households eligible for the survey rose from about 50,000 to about 60,000. The additional households were introduced into the survey over a 3-month period beginning in September 2000. In the September 2000 Employment Situation news release (USDL 00-284), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) stated that it would not use the additional sample to produce the official national labor force estimates prior to the release of July 2001 data in August. This delay would allow BLS sufficient time to evaluate the differences, if any, between the estimates obtained from the current 50,000-household sample and the expanded 60,000-household sample. BLS evaluated the monthly data for the November 2000-April 2001 period and found no significant differences in the national labor force estimates derived from the two samples. Thus, BLS plans to incorporate the additional sample into the July 2001 official national estimates. Since estimates from the two samples were virtually identical, household data for the first 6 months of 2001 will not be revised. The August 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article discussing this sample expansion in more detail. Revisions to Establishment Survey Data In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs (benchmarks). These counts are derived principally from unemployment insurance tax records for March 2000; the benchmark process resulted in revisions to all unadjusted data series from April 1999 forward, the time period since the last benchmark was established. All seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 1996 also have been revised, in accordance with the usual practice of revising 5 years of data. In addition to the routine benchmark revisions, all estimates for the mining and manufacturing industries from April 1999 forward have been revised to incorporate a new sample design. Construction industry estimates from April 2000 forward incorporate the new sample design. These industries are the second group to convert to a probability-based sample under a 4-year phase-in plan for the Current Employment Statistics (CES) sample redesign project. Table B presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis for the period January 2000 through April 2001. The revised data for April 2000 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated bias and net business birth/death model adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors. The total nonfarm employment level for March 2000 was revised upward by 468,000 (432,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The previously published level for April 2001 was revised upward by 405,000 (445,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The June 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article that discusses the benchmark, the post-benchmark revisions, and the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing. (The article is available on the Internet at the address shown below.) This issue also will provide revised seasonal adjustment factors for March through October 2001 and revised estimates for all regularly published tables containing national establishment survey data on employment, hours, and earnings. - 6 - LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all revised historical CES data. The data can be accessed through the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm. Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by calling 202-691-6555 or via the Internet on the CES homepage. Table B. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, seasonally adjusted, January 2000-April 2001 (In thousands) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | | Year and month | As previously | As revised | Difference | published | | -------------------|-----------------|------------------|--------------- 2000: | | | January........| 130,387 | 130,668 | 281 February.......| 130,482 | 130,843 | 361 March..........| 131,009 | 131,441 | 432 April..........| 131,419 | 131,683 | 264 May............| 131,590 | 131,909 | 319 June...........| 131,647 | 131,969 | 322 July...........| 131,607 | 131,899 | 292 August.........| 131,528 | 131,837 | 309 September......| 131,723 | 132,046 | 323 October........| 131,789 | 132,145 | 356 November.......| 131,842 | 132,279 | 437 December.......| 131,878 | 132,367 | 489 2001: | | | January........| 132,167 | 132,428 | 261 February.......| 132,303 | 132,595 | 292 March..........| 132,250 | 132,654 | 404 April(p).......| 132,027 | 132,472 | 445 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ p = preliminary. - 7 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001, the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 8 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 9 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 +/- 292,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 10 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or $50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 209,371 211,348 211,525 209,371 210,889 211,026 211,171 211,348 211,525 Civilian labor force............................ 140,395 141,073 141,048 140,573 141,955 141,751 141,868 141,757 141,272 Participation rate........................ 67.1 66.7 66.7 67.1 67.3 67.2 67.2 67.1 66.8 Employed...................................... 134,961 135,122 135,202 134,843 135,999 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103 Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 63.9 63.9 64.4 64.5 64.4 64.3 64.0 63.9 Agriculture................................. 3,490 3,163 3,381 3,294 3,179 3,135 3,161 3,192 3,193 Nonagricultural industries.................. 131,471 131,959 131,822 131,549 132,819 132,680 132,618 132,162 131,910 Unemployed.................................... 5,435 5,951 5,846 5,730 5,956 5,936 6,088 6,402 6,169 Unemployment rate......................... 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 Not in labor force.............................. 68,975 70,275 70,477 68,798 68,934 69,275 69,304 69,592 70,254 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,989 4,451 5,161 4,386 4,417 4,455 4,174 4,368 4,535 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,566 101,593 101,684 100,566 101,357 101,428 101,504 101,593 101,684 Civilian labor force............................ 74,928 75,314 75,274 74,977 75,815 75,547 75,516 75,741 75,344 Participation rate........................ 74.5 74.1 74.0 74.6 74.8 74.5 74.4 74.6 74.1 Employed...................................... 72,199 71,987 72,131 72,049 72,589 72,359 72,201 72,245 71,978 Employment-population ratio............... 71.8 70.9 70.9 71.6 71.6 71.3 71.1 71.1 70.8 Unemployed.................................... 2,729 3,326 3,143 2,928 3,226 3,187 3,315 3,496 3,366 Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 4.4 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 92,408 93,410 93,541 92,408 93,184 93,227 93,285 93,410 93,541 Civilian labor force............................ 70,691 71,409 71,360 70,662 71,492 71,288 71,261 71,575 71,351 Participation rate........................ 76.5 76.4 76.3 76.5 76.7 76.5 76.4 76.6 76.3 Employed...................................... 68,491 68,644 68,772 68,315 68,916 68,761 68,534 68,706 68,595 Employment-population ratio............... 74.1 73.5 73.5 73.9 74.0 73.8 73.5 73.6 73.3 Agriculture................................. 2,346 2,121 2,280 2,228 2,122 2,154 2,150 2,117 2,169 Nonagricultural industries.................. 66,145 66,523 66,492 66,087 66,795 66,607 66,383 66,589 66,426 Unemployed.................................... 2,200 2,765 2,588 2,347 2,576 2,527 2,728 2,869 2,756 Unemployment rate......................... 3.1 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,805 109,756 109,842 108,805 109,532 109,598 109,667 109,756 109,842 Civilian labor force............................ 65,468 65,759 65,774 65,596 66,140 66,204 66,352 66,016 65,928 Participation rate........................ 60.2 59.9 59.9 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.5 60.1 60.0 Employed...................................... 62,762 63,135 63,071 62,794 63,410 63,456 63,578 63,109 63,125 Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 57.5 57.4 57.7 57.9 57.9 58.0 57.5 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 2,705 2,624 2,703 2,802 2,730 2,749 2,774 2,907 2,803 Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,929 101,870 101,938 100,929 101,643 101,686 101,779 101,870 101,938 Civilian labor force............................ 61,530 62,091 62,049 61,582 62,126 62,220 62,412 62,132 62,119 Participation rate........................ 61.0 61.0 60.9 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.0 60.9 Employed...................................... 59,322 59,915 59,804 59,264 59,894 59,932 60,178 59,741 59,766 Employment-population ratio............... 58.8 58.8 58.7 58.7 58.9 58.9 59.1 58.6 58.6 Agriculture................................. 881 844 860 846 852 839 819 847 822 Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,442 59,071 58,943 58,418 59,042 59,093 59,359 58,895 58,943 Unemployed.................................... 2,208 2,175 2,245 2,318 2,232 2,288 2,233 2,390 2,353 Unemployment rate......................... 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,034 16,068 16,046 16,034 16,063 16,113 16,108 16,068 16,046 Civilian labor force............................ 8,175 7,573 7,639 8,329 8,337 8,243 8,195 8,050 7,802 Participation rate........................ 51.0 47.1 47.6 51.9 51.9 51.2 50.9 50.1 48.6 Employed...................................... 7,147 6,563 6,627 7,264 7,188 7,122 7,067 6,907 6,742 Employment-population ratio............... 44.6 40.8 41.3 45.3 44.7 44.2 43.9 43.0 42.0 Agriculture................................. 263 198 240 220 205 143 191 229 201 Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,884 6,365 6,386 7,044 6,983 6,980 6,876 6,678 6,541 Unemployed.................................... 1,027 1,010 1,013 1,065 1,149 1,121 1,127 1,143 1,060 Unemployment rate......................... 12.6 13.3 13.3 12.8 13.8 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,197 175,533 175,653 174,197 175,246 175,326 175,416 175,533 175,653 Civilian labor force............................ 117,156 117,572 117,491 117,329 118,276 118,287 118,243 118,145 117,688 Participation rate.......................... 67.3 67.0 66.9 67.4 67.5 67.5 67.4 67.3 67.0 Employed...................................... 113,309 113,162 113,261 113,240 114,015 113,902 113,853 113,434 113,185 Employment-population ratio................. 65.0 64.5 64.5 65.0 65.1 65.0 64.9 64.6 64.4 Unemployed.................................... 3,847 4,410 4,230 4,089 4,261 4,385 4,389 4,711 4,503 Unemployment rate........................... 3.3 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 4.0 3.8 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 60,045 60,476 60,483 60,038 60,494 60,487 60,358 60,598 60,512 Participation rate.......................... 77.0 76.8 76.8 76.9 77.0 76.9 76.7 77.0 76.8 Employed...................................... 58,475 58,430 58,610 58,343 58,571 58,561 58,366 58,488 58,493 Employment-population ratio................. 74.9 74.2 74.4 74.8 74.5 74.5 74.2 74.3 74.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,571 2,047 1,873 1,695 1,923 1,926 1,991 2,110 2,019 Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 3.4 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 50,188 50,623 50,535 50,276 50,794 50,854 50,910 50,697 50,611 Participation rate.......................... 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.5 60.6 60.6 60.3 60.2 Employed...................................... 48,665 49,005 48,951 48,633 49,270 49,155 49,318 48,907 48,902 Employment-population ratio................. 58.3 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.7 58.5 58.7 58.2 58.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,523 1,618 1,584 1,643 1,524 1,699 1,593 1,790 1,708 Unemployment rate........................... 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 6,924 6,473 6,473 7,015 6,988 6,945 6,975 6,850 6,566 Participation rate.......................... 54.5 50.7 50.7 55.2 55.1 54.6 54.8 53.7 51.4 Employed...................................... 6,170 5,728 5,700 6,264 6,174 6,186 6,169 6,039 5,790 Employment-population ratio................. 48.6 44.9 44.6 49.3 48.7 48.7 48.5 47.3 45.3 Unemployed.................................... 753 746 773 751 814 760 806 812 776 Unemployment rate........................... 10.9 11.5 11.9 10.7 11.7 10.9 11.6 11.8 11.8 Men....................................... 10.6 12.5 12.7 10.9 13.3 12.6 11.8 12.8 13.1 Women..................................... 11.2 10.4 11.1 10.5 9.8 9.2 11.2 10.8 10.5 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,161 25,472 25,501 25,161 25,382 25,412 25,441 25,472 25,501 Civilian labor force............................ 16,549 16,576 16,608 16,577 16,773 16,691 16,789 16,666 16,639 Participation rate.......................... 65.8 65.1 65.1 65.9 66.1 65.7 66.0 65.4 65.2 Employed...................................... 15,268 15,334 15,314 15,264 15,372 15,440 15,348 15,299 15,311 Employment-population ratio................. 60.7 60.2 60.1 60.7 60.6 60.8 60.3 60.1 60.0 Unemployed.................................... 1,281 1,242 1,294 1,313 1,401 1,251 1,441 1,367 1,328 Unemployment rate........................... 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.4 7.5 8.6 8.2 8.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,288 7,346 7,288 7,273 7,430 7,374 7,404 7,369 7,275 Participation rate.......................... 72.3 71.9 71.3 72.2 73.0 72.4 72.6 72.2 71.2 Employed...................................... 6,783 6,775 6,750 6,755 6,918 6,887 6,776 6,761 6,723 Employment-population ratio................. 67.3 66.3 66.0 67.0 68.0 67.6 66.4 66.2 65.8 Unemployed.................................... 505 572 539 518 512 487 628 608 552 Unemployment rate........................... 6.9 7.8 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.6 8.5 8.2 7.6 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,350 8,377 8,425 8,348 8,340 8,336 8,418 8,353 8,421 Participation rate.......................... 66.2 65.5 65.8 66.2 65.4 65.3 65.9 65.3 65.8 Employed...................................... 7,786 7,940 7,882 7,786 7,731 7,854 7,885 7,892 7,882 Employment-population ratio................. 61.7 62.1 61.6 61.7 60.6 61.5 61.7 61.7 61.6 Unemployed.................................... 564 437 542 562 609 482 533 460 539 Unemployment rate........................... 6.8 5.2 6.4 6.7 7.3 5.8 6.3 5.5 6.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 912 853 895 956 1,002 981 968 944 942 Participation rate.......................... 36.9 34.5 36.1 38.7 40.8 39.8 39.2 38.2 38.0 Employed...................................... 699 620 682 723 723 699 688 646 706 Employment-population ratio................. 28.3 25.1 27.5 29.3 29.4 28.4 27.9 26.1 28.5 Unemployed.................................... 213 234 213 233 280 282 280 299 236 Unemployment rate........................... 23.4 27.4 23.8 24.4 27.9 28.8 28.9 31.6 25.1 Men....................................... 24.7 30.8 27.2 27.4 26.9 31.7 27.7 34.9 30.0 Women..................................... 22.1 24.4 20.6 21.5 28.9 25.7 30.2 28.6 20.3 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 22,292 22,957 23,021 22,292 22,769 22,830 22,889 22,957 23,021 Civilian labor force............................ 15,275 15,712 15,592 15,294 15,540 15,653 15,770 15,775 15,608 Participation rate.......................... 68.5 68.4 67.7 68.6 68.2 68.6 68.9 68.7 67.8 Employed...................................... 14,475 14,761 14,707 14,411 14,612 14,673 14,782 14,747 14,634 Employment-population ratio................. 64.9 64.3 63.9 64.6 64.2 64.3 64.6 64.2 63.6 Unemployed.................................... 800 951 885 883 927 980 988 1,028 975 Unemployment rate........................... 5.2 6.1 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.2 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,096 28,326 28,350 28,096 27,957 27,191 27,564 28,326 28,350 Civilian labor force.................... 11,966 12,379 12,297 11,966 12,008 12,074 12,103 12,371 12,319 Percent of population............... 42.6 43.7 43.4 42.6 43.0 44.4 43.9 43.7 43.5 Employed.............................. 11,225 11,581 11,580 11,144 11,193 11,140 11,267 11,558 11,523 Employment-population ratio......... 40.0 40.9 40.8 39.7 40.0 41.0 40.9 40.8 40.6 Unemployed............................ 740 798 716 822 816 934 836 813 797 Unemployment rate................... 6.2 6.4 5.8 6.9 6.8 7.7 6.9 6.6 6.5 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,746 57,456 57,456 57,746 58,092 57,617 57,660 57,456 57,456 Civilian labor force.................... 37,406 37,186 37,146 37,187 37,415 37,309 37,189 37,053 36,952 Percent of population............... 64.8 64.7 64.7 64.4 64.4 64.8 64.5 64.5 64.3 Employed.............................. 36,218 35,828 35,826 35,881 35,986 35,895 35,746 35,650 35,507 Employment-population ratio......... 62.7 62.4 62.4 62.1 61.9 62.3 62.0 62.0 61.8 Unemployed............................ 1,188 1,358 1,320 1,306 1,429 1,414 1,443 1,403 1,446 Unemployment rate................... 3.2 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.9 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 44,153 44,653 44,576 44,153 44,313 45,263 45,182 44,653 44,576 Civilian labor force.................... 32,760 32,891 32,980 32,964 33,102 33,079 33,241 33,044 33,192 Percent of population............... 74.2 73.7 74.0 74.7 74.7 73.1 73.6 74.0 74.5 Employed.............................. 31,970 31,937 32,059 32,105 32,121 32,197 32,360 32,065 32,188 Employment-population ratio......... 72.4 71.5 71.9 72.7 72.5 71.1 71.6 71.8 72.2 Unemployed............................ 790 954 921 859 981 882 881 978 1,004 Unemployment rate................... 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.0 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,029 46,045 46,271 45,029 45,790 46,167 45,979 46,045 46,271 Civilian labor force.................... 36,005 36,633 36,692 35,994 36,476 36,602 36,642 36,646 36,687 Percent of population............... 80.0 79.6 79.3 79.9 79.7 79.3 79.7 79.6 79.3 Employed.............................. 35,469 35,909 35,987 35,409 35,909 36,032 35,916 35,802 35,915 Employment-population ratio......... 78.8 78.0 77.8 78.6 78.4 78.0 78.1 77.8 77.6 Unemployed............................ 536 724 704 585 567 570 726 845 771 Unemployment rate................... 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.1 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,961 135,122 135,202 134,843 135,999 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,043 43,386 43,471 43,306 43,134 43,340 43,385 43,516 43,733 Married women, spouse present................... 33,820 33,830 33,787 33,723 34,249 34,059 34,080 33,662 33,686 Women who maintain families..................... 8,343 8,200 8,319 8,335 8,426 8,373 8,049 8,160 8,319 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,833 41,836 41,984 40,854 41,430 41,770 42,023 41,841 41,996 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 39,458 39,053 38,743 39,470 40,086 39,781 39,433 39,014 38,743 Service occupations............................. 18,199 18,331 18,260 18,175 18,158 18,283 18,289 18,258 18,224 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,941 14,760 15,007 14,886 14,889 14,970 14,895 14,834 14,962 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 17,885 17,917 17,736 18,047 18,092 17,889 17,999 18,127 17,904 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,645 3,225 3,472 3,410 3,372 3,252 3,321 3,238 3,251 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,142 1,906 2,080 2,013 1,983 1,839 1,910 1,902 1,958 Self-employed workers......................... 1,310 1,218 1,264 1,246 1,182 1,291 1,231 1,223 1,201 Unpaid family workers......................... 37 39 36 38 25 29 36 47 38 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 122,644 123,186 123,166 122,871 124,035 124,069 123,814 123,395 123,416 Government.................................. 19,130 19,118 19,106 19,084 18,843 19,103 19,134 18,854 19,067 Private industries.......................... 103,514 104,068 104,061 103,787 105,192 104,966 104,680 104,541 104,349 Private households........................ 938 820 792 934 859 823 881 812 789 Other industries.......................... 102,576 103,249 103,268 102,853 104,333 104,143 103,800 103,729 103,559 Self-employed workers......................... 8,740 8,677 8,555 8,708 8,698 8,617 8,784 8,608 8,530 Unpaid family workers......................... 87 96 100 89 110 142 138 93 103 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,140 3,108 3,270 3,240 3,327 3,273 3,164 3,201 3,371 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,846 2,049 2,094 1,953 2,035 2,043 1,914 2,097 2,215 Could only find part-time work.............. 986 863 917 972 954 933 907 873 900 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,851 19,143 18,897 18,513 18,568 19,021 18,647 18,713 18,581 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,003 2,972 3,124 3,077 3,227 3,143 3,007 3,061 3,197 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,743 1,953 1,989 1,831 1,971 1,970 1,828 1,985 2,089 Could only find part-time work.............. 965 850 891 952 945 910 877 864 876 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,281 18,576 18,368 17,957 18,040 18,509 18,132 18,176 18,061 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,730 6,402 6,169 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,347 2,869 2,756 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.9 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,318 2,390 2,353 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,065 1,143 1,060 12.8 13.8 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 Married men, spouse present.................... 841 1,094 1,162 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 Married women, spouse present.................. 978 1,004 1,015 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.9 Women who maintain families.................... 557 548 547 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 Full-time workers.............................. 4,537 5,048 5,059 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.3 Part-time workers.............................. 1,210 1,338 1,104 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 5.5 4.6 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 736 908 826 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,492 1,661 1,504 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.1 3.7 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 532 703 702 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5 4.5 4.5 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,212 1,328 1,413 6.3 7.1 7.3 7.4 6.8 7.3 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 200 262 247 5.5 6.5 7.2 9.1 7.5 7.1 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,491 5,090 4,916 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 Goods-producing industries................... 1,221 1,533 1,522 4.3 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 Mining..................................... 22 32 34 4.1 2.2 4.6 3.5 5.1 5.5 Construction............................... 452 577 525 5.9 6.8 7.0 6.2 7.1 6.6 Manufacturing.............................. 747 924 963 3.7 4.2 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.8 Durable goods............................ 447 522 604 3.6 4.2 4.2 5.0 4.3 4.9 Nondurable goods......................... 300 402 359 3.8 4.3 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.7 Service-producing industries................. 3,270 3,557 3,394 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 Transportation and public utilities........ 250 333 315 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.1 4.1 3.8 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,404 1,467 1,448 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 197 222 188 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.3 Services................................... 1,419 1,534 1,443 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 Government workers............................. 390 437 383 2.0 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.3 2.0 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 161 193 175 7.4 9.0 9.2 11.3 9.2 8.2 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,516 2,532 2,652 2,536 2,613 2,797 2,674 2,958 2,679 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,563 1,799 1,673 1,901 1,977 1,669 1,992 1,977 2,028 15 weeks and over................................ 1,356 1,620 1,521 1,325 1,371 1,490 1,517 1,499 1,484 15 to 26 weeks................................ 731 897 917 670 731 793 814 759 852 27 weeks and over............................. 625 723 604 655 640 697 703 740 632 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.8 13.1 12.4 12.6 12.6 12.9 13.0 12.6 12.2 Median duration, in weeks........................ 5.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.5 5.8 6.5 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 46.3 42.5 45.4 44.0 43.8 47.0 43.2 46.0 43.3 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 28.8 30.2 28.6 33.0 33.2 28.0 32.2 30.7 32.8 15 weeks and over.............................. 25.0 27.2 26.0 23.0 23.0 25.0 24.5 23.3 24.0 15 to 26 weeks............................... 13.5 15.1 15.7 11.6 12.3 13.3 13.2 11.8 13.8 27 weeks and over............................ 11.5 12.2 10.3 11.4 10.7 11.7 11.4 11.5 10.2 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,182 2,982 2,802 2,460 2,742 2,853 2,963 3,199 3,159 On temporary layoff............................. 646 1,000 801 875 1,032 945 991 1,053 1,084 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,536 1,981 2,001 1,585 1,711 1,908 1,972 2,146 2,075 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,060 1,455 1,502 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 476 526 499 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 694 722 733 776 838 820 814 749 820 Reentrants........................................ 2,108 1,836 1,856 2,052 1,956 1,927 1,908 2,005 1,801 New entrants...................................... 451 411 455 477 446 372 386 462 482 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 40.2 50.1 47.9 42.7 45.8 47.8 48.8 49.9 50.4 On temporary layoff............................ 11.9 16.8 13.7 15.2 17.2 15.8 16.3 16.4 17.3 Not on temporary layoff........................ 28.3 33.3 34.2 27.5 28.6 32.0 32.5 33.5 33.1 Job leavers...................................... 12.8 12.1 12.5 13.5 14.0 13.7 13.4 11.7 13.1 Reentrants....................................... 38.8 30.9 31.7 35.6 32.7 32.3 31.4 31.3 28.8 New entrants..................................... 8.3 6.9 7.8 8.3 7.4 6.2 6.4 7.2 7.7 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 Job leavers...................................... .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 1 Not available. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 1.1 1.1 .9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.1 4.5 4.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 4.6 5.0 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 6.8 7.2 7.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,730 6,402 6,169 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.4 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,189 2,349 2,198 9.7 9.6 9.5 10.0 10.4 9.9 16 to 19 years................................ 1,065 1,143 1,060 12.8 13.8 13.6 13.8 14.2 13.6 16 to 17 years.............................. 517 518 486 15.8 17.4 17.2 16.0 16.7 15.5 18 to 19 years.............................. 549 626 569 10.8 11.5 11.0 12.3 12.6 12.2 20 to 24 years................................ 1,124 1,206 1,138 7.9 7.2 7.2 7.8 8.3 7.9 25 years and over............................... 3,540 4,043 3,981 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.3 25 to 54 years................................ 3,112 3,472 3,545 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 55 years and over............................. 450 517 483 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 2,928 3,496 3,366 3.9 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.5 16 to 24 years................................ 1,182 1,293 1,264 10.0 10.3 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.0 16 to 19 years.............................. 581 627 610 13.5 15.0 15.5 13.8 15.1 15.3 16 to 17 years............................ 284 305 273 16.8 20.5 18.5 15.6 18.7 17.4 18 to 19 years............................ 300 326 336 11.4 11.8 13.1 12.7 12.8 13.9 20 to 24 years.............................. 601 666 654 8.1 7.6 8.2 9.3 8.7 8.7 25 years and over............................. 1,762 2,208 2,125 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.3 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,510 1,900 1,850 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5 55 years and over........................... 257 298 296 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,802 2,907 2,803 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 16 to 24 years................................ 1,007 1,055 934 9.4 8.8 8.1 8.9 9.8 8.8 16 to 19 years.............................. 484 516 450 12.1 12.4 11.6 13.7 13.3 11.8 16 to 17 years............................ 233 213 213 14.8 14.1 15.7 16.4 14.5 13.6 18 to 19 years............................ 249 300 234 10.2 11.3 8.7 11.9 12.4 10.4 20 to 24 years.............................. 523 539 485 7.8 6.7 6.1 6.3 7.8 7.1 25 years and over............................. 1,778 1,834 1,856 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,602 1,572 1,695 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 55 years and over........................... 193 219 186 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.2 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category May May May May May May 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 68,975 70,477 25,638 26,410 43,337 44,067 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,989 5,161 2,222 2,352 2,767 2,810 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,116 1,149 538 639 578 510 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 282 325 163 236 119 89 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 834 824 375 403 459 421 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,710 7,482 4,059 3,880 3,650 3,602 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.7 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.7 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,319 3,942 2,531 2,270 1,788 1,672 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,590 1,640 517 540 1,072 1,100 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 278 274 206 184 72 91 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,460 1,585 777 879 683 705 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p Total......................... 132,527 131,703 132,357 133,067 131,909 132,428 132,595 132,654 132,472 132,453 Total private.................... 110,996 110,569 111,194 111,885 110,795 111,799 111,915 111,943 111,726 111,694 Goods-producing......................... 25,713 25,099 25,190 25,348 25,683 25,633 25,627 25,602 25,414 25,325 Mining................................ 542 548 554 563 542 550 555 557 560 564 Metal mining........................ 40.7 37.0 36.7 36.6 41 39 39 38 37 37 Coal mining......................... 78.4 75.8 75.6 76.0 78 75 75 75 75 76 Oil and gas extraction.............. 307.1 326.8 330.2 336.4 310 325 328 331 336 339 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 115.3 108.0 111.4 114.1 113 111 113 113 112 112 Construction.......................... 6,706 6,526 6,708 6,938 6,648 6,826 6,880 6,929 6,851 6,882 General building contractors........ 1,514.5 1,484.3 1,511.3 1,550.6 1,520 1,538 1,555 1,552 1,548 1,557 Heavy construction, except building. 926.1 837.6 897.4 952.3 894 921 930 938 913 920 Special trade contractors........... 4,265.3 4,204.2 4,299.1 4,434.9 4,234 4,367 4,395 4,439 4,390 4,405 Manufacturing......................... 18,465 18,025 17,928 17,847 18,493 18,257 18,192 18,116 18,003 17,879 Production workers................ 12,655 12,186 12,111 12,033 12,678 12,394 12,323 12,254 12,162 12,056 Durable goods........................ 11,134 10,902 10,842 10,770 11,136 11,031 10,997 10,941 10,870 10,775 Production workers................ 7,608 7,333 7,296 7,229 7,606 7,462 7,415 7,358 7,308 7,229 Lumber and wood products............ 834.0 783.1 789.8 793.1 838 806 799 799 801 797 Furniture and fixtures.............. 556.5 547.2 543.5 537.2 558 552 549 548 543 539 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 583.0 567.0 573.8 577.5 579 579 578 578 577 574 Primary metal industries............ 697.6 670.1 664.1 655.3 699 681 679 671 666 657 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 224.5 214.6 213.0 211.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,536.1 1,504.0 1,496.4 1,485.1 1,537 1,526 1,514 1,509 1,502 1,487 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,114.0 2,086.6 2,070.7 2,055.2 2,113 2,117 2,105 2,084 2,072 2,054 Computer and office equipment..... 353.2 367.1 363.2 362.0 355 369 370 369 367 364 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,701.8 1,708.7 1,678.3 1,652.4 1,707 1,735 1,726 1,715 1,684 1,658 Electronic components and accessories.................... 667.1 700.0 683.9 670.1 669 714 711 702 686 672 Transportation equipment............ 1,872.9 1,777.2 1,772.4 1,763.5 1,866 1,772 1,786 1,775 1,769 1,757 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,029.9 953.9 951.4 940.6 1,025 952 967 956 951 936 Aircraft and parts................ 466.6 465.3 463.4 464.8 467 462 464 465 464 465 Instruments and related products.... 845.8 868.7 865.2 866.8 847 870 871 871 867 868 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 392.0 389.2 387.9 384.2 392 393 390 391 389 384 Nondurable goods..................... 7,331 7,123 7,086 7,077 7,357 7,226 7,195 7,175 7,133 7,104 Production workers................ 5,047 4,853 4,815 4,804 5,072 4,932 4,908 4,896 4,854 4,827 Food and kindred products........... 1,664.1 1,653.4 1,651.0 1,660.5 1,688 1,684 1,686 1,687 1,686 1,684 Tobacco products.................... 33.0 31.4 31.2 31.1 35 32 31 32 32 33 Textile mill products............... 534.2 490.3 485.9 478.1 534 505 496 494 487 478 Apparel and other textile products.. 644.0 589.2 581.8 582.7 641 599 595 590 581 580 Paper and allied products........... 655.5 639.5 636.7 636.3 658 651 645 642 640 639 Printing and publishing............. 1,543.0 1,519.2 1,507.6 1,499.9 1,546 1,534 1,529 1,524 1,512 1,504 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,039.0 1,038.3 1,034.3 1,031.5 1,038 1,039 1,039 1,039 1,036 1,030 Petroleum and coal products......... 129.0 123.3 126.6 127.0 128 127 127 126 127 127 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,016.8 970.7 965.0 963.3 1,017 987 979 973 966 963 Leather and leather products........ 72.6 68.1 65.7 66.2 72 68 68 68 66 66 Service-producing....................... 106,814 106,604 107,167 107,719 106,226 106,795 106,968 107,052 107,058 107,128 Transportation and public utilities... 6,998 7,069 7,085 7,131 6,997 7,106 7,123 7,127 7,119 7,131 Transportation...................... 4,514 4,542 4,551 4,592 4,511 4,580 4,591 4,591 4,577 4,589 Railroad transportation........... 235.6 228.4 229.7 230.5 235 229 231 230 230 230 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 493.8 493.6 491.3 500.8 476 479 480 480 477 482 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,843.9 1,836.6 1,841.2 1,859.1 1,852 1,868 1,870 1,872 1,864 1,868 Water transportation.............. 197.1 193.2 199.4 205.9 195 201 200 201 202 204 Transportation by air............. 1,261.1 1,301.0 1,300.1 1,306.7 1,270 1,312 1,318 1,316 1,313 1,316 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.7 13.2 13.6 13.8 14 14 14 13 14 14 Transportation services........... 468.9 475.5 475.6 475.5 469 477 478 479 477 475 Communications and public utilities. 2,484 2,527 2,534 2,539 2,486 2,526 2,532 2,536 2,542 2,542 Communications.................... 1,634.9 1,685.0 1,691.5 1,695.2 1,635 1,679 1,685 1,690 1,695 1,696 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 849.3 842.0 842.5 843.9 851 847 847 846 847 846 Wholesale trade....................... 7,009 7,030 7,035 7,042 7,006 7,067 7,064 7,066 7,054 7,040 Durable goods....................... 4,192 4,181 4,179 4,175 4,193 4,198 4,198 4,196 4,189 4,177 Nondurable goods.................... 2,817 2,849 2,856 2,867 2,813 2,869 2,866 2,870 2,865 2,863 Retail trade.......................... 23,271 23,021 23,276 23,536 23,247 23,415 23,472 23,457 23,518 23,513 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 1,065.8 977.6 1,019.2 1,057.4 1,019 1,007 1,007 1,006 1,000 1,011 General merchandise stores.......... 2,749.9 2,700.3 2,704.9 2,723.1 2,837 2,789 2,807 2,797 2,800 2,808 Department stores................. 2,412.1 2,368.8 2,370.8 2,385.4 2,488 2,448 2,462 2,451 2,455 2,461 Food stores......................... 3,503.9 3,502.8 3,517.2 3,525.3 3,521 3,538 3,548 3,550 3,555 3,542 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,413.7 2,402.1 2,415.3 2,434.4 2,407 2,424 2,424 2,420 2,419 2,428 New and used car dealers.......... 1,111.2 1,121.0 1,120.7 1,126.3 1,111 1,124 1,124 1,124 1,121 1,127 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,159.6 1,188.0 1,194.5 1,195.2 1,187 1,221 1,227 1,228 1,226 1,223 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,118.3 1,136.1 1,129.9 1,121.9 1,130 1,147 1,146 1,147 1,141 1,134 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,229.5 8,031.9 8,201.4 8,357.1 8,080 8,157 8,171 8,158 8,214 8,209 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,030.2 3,082.1 3,093.7 3,121.3 3,066 3,132 3,142 3,151 3,163 3,158 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,546 7,579 7,598 7,644 7,550 7,594 7,609 7,618 7,626 7,648 Finance............................. 3,689 3,749 3,749 3,760 3,697 3,738 3,748 3,755 3,760 3,769 Depository institutions........... 2,024.4 2,023.5 2,026.9 2,031.6 2,029 2,024 2,025 2,028 2,032 2,036 Commercial banks................ 1,427.4 1,415.4 1,417.6 1,420.8 1,432 1,418 1,417 1,418 1,421 1,425 Savings institutions............ 253.0 253.4 253.9 254.7 253 253 254 254 254 255 Nondepository institutions........ 679.0 687.7 689.2 695.8 679 678 683 686 690 696 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 309.0 305.7 307.4 313.6 307 301 304 306 307 312 Security and commodity brokers.... 736.2 776.3 773.5 772.4 740 777 781 781 780 777 Holding and other investment offices........................ 249.0 261.0 259.7 260.4 249 259 259 260 258 260 Insurance........................... 2,345 2,351 2,352 2,359 2,348 2,346 2,351 2,353 2,357 2,360 Insurance carriers................ 1,590.4 1,592.5 1,592.8 1,598.1 1,592 1,588 1,592 1,593 1,597 1,599 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 755.0 758.8 759.5 760.7 756 758 759 760 760 761 Real estate......................... 1,512 1,479 1,497 1,525 1,505 1,510 1,510 1,510 1,509 1,519 Services2............................. 40,459 40,771 41,010 41,184 40,312 40,984 41,020 41,073 40,995 41,037 Agricultural services............... 850.2 741.8 840.4 894.8 795 818 821 828 824 837 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,917.2 1,874.7 1,897.1 1,949.8 1,905 1,952 1,957 1,960 1,946 1,938 Personal services................... 1,220.0 1,333.2 1,333.9 1,253.2 1,240 1,261 1,261 1,265 1,265 1,274 Business services................... 9,792.4 9,651.5 9,607.7 9,655.3 9,830 9,888 9,851 9,822 9,732 9,698 Services to buildings............. 994.2 999.4 1,006.4 1,014.9 991 1,007 1,007 1,007 1,008 1,012 Personnel supply services......... 3,870.4 3,556.4 3,504.7 3,557.5 3,902 3,779 3,731 3,694 3,600 3,591 Help supply services............ 3,478.0 3,163.3 3,111.3 3,167.3 3,514 3,372 3,339 3,293 3,201 3,202 Computer and data processing services....................... 2,076.0 2,199.4 2,202.7 2,200.1 2,080 2,176 2,186 2,195 2,202 2,205 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,238.7 1,297.2 1,299.0 1,308.8 1,238 1,291 1,291 1,298 1,298 1,308 Miscellaneous repair services....... 366.1 361.2 364.4 363.6 365 365 365 364 365 363 Motion pictures..................... 596.1 604.0 610.8 593.4 595 600 600 605 614 592 Amusement and recreation services... 1,805.1 1,613.6 1,727.9 1,845.2 1,720 1,769 1,772 1,775 1,755 1,759 Health services..................... 10052.5 10247.4 10262.6 10289.2 10,063 10,211 10,236 10,259 10,278 10,301 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,917.3 1,958.5 1,964.3 1,972.6 1,919 1,953 1,958 1,962 1,967 1,974 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,789.6 1,809.7 1,811.2 1,810.6 1,793 1,806 1,808 1,811 1,816 1,814 Hospitals......................... 3,969.6 4,052.8 4,055.1 4,064.7 3,977 4,035 4,045 4,055 4,061 4,072 Home health care services......... 644.5 646.7 646.5 647.3 642 646 645 648 646 645 Legal services...................... 998.9 1,016.7 1,015.1 1,019.3 1,005 1,017 1,020 1,022 1,022 1,026 Educational services................ 2,362.7 2,531.1 2,535.2 2,459.5 2,322 2,363 2,375 2,384 2,389 2,415 Social services..................... 2,915.9 3,026.5 3,043.7 3,067.1 2,888 2,985 2,997 3,009 3,023 3,037 Child day care services........... 732.0 759.0 763.6 770.0 707 732 734 739 742 744 Residential care.................. 799.6 829.5 832.5 839.7 800 827 829 831 835 841 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 108.9 103.4 107.8 114.3 105 109 110 110 109 111 Membership organizations............ 2,470.0 2,477.6 2,476.5 2,490.9 2,473 2,487 2,487 2,489 2,488 2,494 Engineering and management services. 3,390.6 3,519.1 3,515.2 3,506.8 3,395 3,496 3,504 3,510 3,514 3,511 Engineering and architectural services....................... 1,007.4 1,040.6 1,044.0 1,054.1 1,010 1,046 1,050 1,052 1,052 1,057 Management and public relations... 1,081.9 1,120.6 1,119.6 1,121.0 1,081 1,119 1,123 1,125 1,123 1,120 Services, nec....................... 51.6 50.7 51.0 51.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 21,531 21,134 21,163 21,182 21,114 20,629 20,680 20,711 20,746 20,759 Federal............................. 3,243 2,608 2,610 2,614 3,240 2,613 2,615 2,613 2,614 2,611 Federal, except Postal Service.... 2,385.2 1,751.6 1,754.7 1,760.0 2,377 1,755 1,756 1,754 1,754 1,752 State............................... 4,834 4,973 4,983 4,908 4,775 4,800 4,825 4,836 4,846 4,848 Education......................... 2,085.4 2,208.7 2,212.1 2,129.2 2,026 2,028 2,048 2,055 2,064 2,069 Other State government............ 2,748.9 2,764.3 2,770.8 2,779.2 2,749 2,772 2,777 2,781 2,782 2,779 Local............................... 13,454 13,553 13,570 13,660 13,099 13,216 13,240 13,262 13,286 13,300 Education......................... 7,820.6 7,891.3 7,874.5 7,900.3 7,436 7,468 7,479 7,492 7,495 7,510 Other local government............ 5,633.3 5,661.4 5,695.2 5,759.5 5,663 5,748 5,761 5,770 5,791 5,790 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p Total private.................... 34.3 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.4 34.4 34.3 34.3 34.2 34.3 Goods-producing......................... 41.0 40.2 39.6 40.7 41.0 40.5 40.3 40.5 40.6 40.6 Mining................................ 42.9 43.1 43.5 44.0 42.8 43.1 43.2 43.8 44.0 43.9 Construction.......................... 39.6 38.6 38.5 40.3 39.2 39.1 38.7 39.1 39.3 39.9 Manufacturing......................... 41.6 40.8 39.9 40.7 41.6 41.0 40.9 41.0 41.0 40.8 Overtime hours.................... 4.5 3.9 3.3 3.9 4.6 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 Durable goods........................ 42.2 41.1 40.1 41.1 42.1 41.3 41.1 41.3 41.3 41.1 Overtime hours.................... 4.7 3.9 3.2 3.9 4.8 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 Lumber and wood products............ 41.3 40.0 39.8 40.8 41.0 39.8 40.1 40.3 40.0 40.5 Furniture and fixtures.............. 39.9 38.8 37.7 38.1 40.4 39.2 39.1 39.1 39.1 38.5 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.5 42.7 42.7 44.4 43.1 43.0 42.8 43.7 43.2 44.0 Primary metal industries............ 44.7 43.2 43.2 43.4 44.7 43.8 43.2 43.4 44.3 43.4 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 46.2 44.2 45.2 44.3 46.4 44.7 44.4 44.4 45.4 44.5 Fabricated metal products........... 42.7 41.6 40.3 41.7 42.7 41.7 41.7 41.9 42.1 41.7 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.2 41.3 39.9 40.9 42.1 41.5 41.0 41.2 41.3 40.8 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 41.0 39.9 38.5 38.9 41.2 40.3 40.3 40.1 39.8 39.1 Transportation equipment............ 43.3 42.1 40.7 42.6 43.1 42.0 42.0 42.0 42.3 42.3 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.5 42.5 41.3 43.7 44.3 42.1 42.0 42.3 43.2 43.5 Instruments and related products.... 41.4 41.1 40.2 40.8 41.5 41.0 41.1 41.0 41.0 40.9 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.2 38.3 37.4 38.1 39.1 38.3 38.2 38.2 38.2 38.1 Nondurable goods..................... 40.7 40.2 39.6 40.1 40.8 40.6 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.3 Overtime hours.................... 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 Food and kindred products........... 41.4 40.5 40.0 40.6 41.7 41.3 41.1 41.2 41.4 41.0 Tobacco products.................... 41.2 39.5 39.2 40.1 41.0 40.4 39.8 40.0 41.1 39.8 Textile mill products............... 41.2 40.5 39.3 40.8 41.3 40.7 40.4 40.5 40.3 40.8 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.9 37.6 36.7 37.9 37.8 37.6 37.6 37.5 38.0 37.8 Paper and allied products........... 42.3 41.5 41.2 41.3 42.6 41.9 41.7 41.8 42.1 41.6 Printing and publishing............. 38.0 38.5 37.5 37.7 38.3 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.1 38.0 Chemicals and allied products....... 42.4 42.2 42.4 41.8 42.5 42.6 42.3 42.3 42.6 41.9 Petroleum and coal products......... 41.9 42.9 43.9 42.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.5 40.8 39.6 40.8 41.5 41.0 40.9 41.0 40.7 40.8 Leather and leather products........ 37.8 35.9 35.7 37.0 37.6 36.9 36.4 36.1 36.7 36.8 Service-producing....................... 32.6 32.5 32.8 32.6 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 38.3 38.0 38.3 38.1 38.5 38.7 38.5 38.3 38.2 38.3 Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.0 38.3 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.2 Retail trade.......................... 28.8 28.4 28.8 28.7 28.9 29.1 28.9 28.8 28.8 28.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.9 36.0 36.7 36.0 36.2 36.2 36.3 36.3 36.3 36.3 Services.............................. 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.6 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001p 2001p Total private.................... $13.65 $14.19 $14.27 $14.23 $468.20 $482.46 $486.61 $486.67 Seasonally adjusted............. 13.67 14.17 14.22 14.26 470.25 486.03 486.32 489.12 Goods-producing......................... 15.27 15.69 15.77 15.86 626.07 630.74 624.49 645.50 Mining................................ 17.22 17.57 17.62 17.54 738.74 757.27 766.47 771.76 Construction.......................... 17.70 18.20 18.08 18.20 700.92 702.52 696.08 733.46 Manufacturing......................... 14.26 14.65 14.75 14.75 593.22 597.72 588.53 600.33 Durable goods........................ 14.69 15.09 15.14 15.19 619.92 620.20 607.11 624.31 Lumber and wood products............ 11.85 12.08 12.13 12.21 489.41 483.20 482.77 498.17 Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.64 12.04 12.07 12.02 464.44 467.15 455.04 457.96 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.40 14.79 14.98 15.16 626.40 631.53 639.65 673.10 Primary metal industries............ 16.30 16.63 16.93 16.81 728.61 718.42 731.38 729.55 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 19.72 20.00 20.43 20.21 911.06 884.00 923.44 895.30 Fabricated metal products........... 13.78 14.08 14.10 14.17 588.41 585.73 568.23 590.89 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.45 15.77 15.75 15.79 651.99 651.30 628.43 645.81 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.64 14.26 14.38 14.33 559.24 568.97 553.63 557.44 Transportation equipment............ 18.23 18.76 18.77 18.85 789.36 789.80 763.94 803.01 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.62 19.02 19.14 19.21 828.59 808.35 790.48 839.48 Instruments and related products.... 14.25 14.73 14.80 14.85 589.95 605.40 594.96 605.88 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.51 12.05 12.06 12.12 451.19 461.52 451.04 461.77 Nondurable goods..................... 13.59 13.97 14.13 14.07 553.11 561.59 559.55 564.21 Food and kindred products........... 12.42 12.68 12.81 12.80 514.19 513.54 512.40 519.68 Tobacco products.................... 21.67 22.63 22.50 22.34 892.80 893.89 882.00 895.83 Textile mill products............... 11.09 11.31 11.31 11.37 456.91 458.06 444.48 463.90 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.26 9.46 9.44 9.46 350.95 355.70 346.45 358.53 Paper and allied products........... 16.16 16.56 16.76 16.70 683.57 687.24 690.51 689.71 Printing and publishing............. 14.30 14.69 14.76 14.79 543.40 565.57 553.50 557.58 Chemicals and allied products....... 17.99 18.33 18.60 18.64 762.78 773.53 788.64 779.15 Petroleum and coal products......... 21.79 21.83 22.21 21.75 913.00 936.51 975.02 917.85 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.75 13.19 13.34 13.26 529.13 538.15 528.26 541.01 Leather and leather products........ 10.03 10.46 10.36 10.18 379.13 375.51 369.85 376.66 Service-producing....................... 13.13 13.74 13.84 13.74 428.04 446.55 453.95 447.92 Transportation and public utilities... $16.13 $16.65 $16.81 $16.68 $617.78 $632.70 $643.82 $635.51 Wholesale trade....................... 15.05 15.58 15.88 15.75 576.42 592.04 608.20 601.65 Retail trade.......................... 9.40 9.74 9.78 9.79 270.72 276.62 281.66 280.97 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 15.02 15.67 15.81 15.72 539.22 564.12 580.23 565.92 Services.............................. 13.79 14.48 14.58 14.47 448.18 472.05 476.77 470.28 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May change Industry 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p from: Apr. 2001- May 2001 Total private: Current dollars.............. $13.67 $14.03 $14.11 $14.17 $14.22 $14.26 0.3 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.89 7.90 7.92 7.95 7.94 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 15.29 15.67 15.74 15.79 15.79 15.88 .6 Mining...................... 17.27 17.49 17.52 17.55 17.55 17.59 .2 Construction................ 17.76 18.28 18.30 18.33 18.16 18.25 .5 Manufacturing............... 14.28 14.54 14.63 14.66 14.73 14.78 .3 Excluding overtime4....... 13.53 13.83 13.94 13.96 14.05 14.09 .3 Service-producing............. 13.16 13.54 13.62 13.68 13.74 13.77 .2 Transportation and public utilities................ 16.20 16.51 16.64 16.68 16.77 16.74 -.2 Wholesale trade............. 15.08 15.53 15.60 15.68 15.76 15.78 .1 Retail trade................ 9.41 9.64 9.69 9.72 9.74 9.80 .6 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 15.00 15.44 15.55 15.61 15.64 15.70 .4 Services.................... 13.82 14.25 14.34 14.40 14.48 14.50 .1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from March 2001 to April 2001, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2000 2001 2001p 2001p 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001p 2001p Total private.................... 150.9 148.7 150.1 151.3 151.1 152.2 151.7 152.0 151.5 151.5 Goods-producing......................... 116.9 110.5 109.4 113.3 116.5 114.4 113.6 114.1 113.4 112.9 Mining................................ 50.7 52.5 53.7 55.3 50.7 52.5 53.2 54.5 55.0 55.5 Construction.......................... 186.6 175.5 180.8 197.2 183.0 187.6 186.9 191.0 189.9 193.4 Manufacturing......................... 106.1 100.2 97.4 98.8 106.4 102.5 101.5 101.2 100.6 99.1 Durable goods........................ 111.9 105.2 102.1 103.7 111.8 107.4 106.4 105.9 105.4 103.6 Lumber and wood products............ 148.4 133.7 134.2 138.1 148.3 137.4 137.4 137.7 137.0 137.7 Furniture and fixtures.............. 139.7 132.5 127.7 127.2 141.6 135.2 133.7 133.7 132.4 128.9 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 121.0 114.4 116.3 121.3 119.1 117.8 117.2 119.7 118.0 119.4 Primary metal industries............ 92.7 85.6 84.6 83.8 92.9 88.3 87.0 86.2 86.8 84.1 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 72.7 66.1 67.0 65.1 72.9 68.2 67.0 66.6 67.6 65.5 Fabricated metal products........... 122.7 116.0 111.5 114.4 123.0 118.3 117.1 117.1 117.0 114.8 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 102.9 97.5 93.4 94.6 102.3 100.6 98.3 97.0 96.3 94.2 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 108.1 102.9 97.5 96.6 108.8 106.1 105.2 103.4 101.0 97.6 Transportation equipment............ 123.9 113.7 110.0 113.8 122.8 113.3 113.5 113.1 113.7 112.4 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 168.0 146.8 142.9 148.8 165.7 146.5 146.4 146.0 148.7 147.0 Instruments and related products.... 75.4 75.4 73.2 74.2 75.4 75.7 75.7 75.2 74.9 74.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 99.4 94.9 92.8 92.8 99.7 96.6 94.9 95.3 95.3 93.2 Nondurable goods..................... 98.1 93.3 91.1 92.1 99.0 95.7 94.8 94.7 94.1 93.0 Food and kindred products........... 114.9 111.3 109.1 111.5 118.0 116.0 115.4 115.9 116.1 114.8 Tobacco products.................... 49.8 44.4 43.5 44.1 54.8 46.0 43.4 45.6 46.8 47.3 Textile mill products............... 76.6 69.1 66.3 67.7 76.7 71.2 69.7 69.5 68.3 67.5 Apparel and other textile products.. 56.2 50.4 48.5 49.9 55.7 51.4 50.9 50.4 50.1 49.5 Paper and allied products........... 102.5 98.2 97.0 97.0 103.6 100.9 99.8 99.4 100.0 98.0 Printing and publishing............. 120.0 118.1 114.1 113.8 121.4 119.3 119.0 119.2 116.2 115.1 Chemicals and allied products....... 100.7 98.9 98.5 96.8 100.7 99.7 99.0 98.9 98.7 96.9 Petroleum and coal products......... 70.9 68.5 72.9 70.2 70.4 73.1 70.0 69.5 73.3 70.1 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 150.1 139.2 134.3 138.2 150.0 142.3 140.6 140.4 137.9 138.0 Leather and leather products........ 31.6 28.8 27.3 28.5 31.2 28.9 29.1 28.8 28.2 27.7 Service-producing....................... 166.2 165.9 168.4 168.3 166.6 169.2 168.9 169.1 168.5 168.8 Transportation and public utilities... 136.2 137.6 139.0 139.4 137.1 140.8 140.3 139.9 139.6 140.1 Wholesale trade....................... 131.3 130.0 131.2 131.0 131.2 132.3 131.4 132.0 131.4 130.9 Retail trade.......................... 145.5 141.2 144.6 145.7 145.6 147.5 146.8 146.0 146.6 146.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 136.9 138.0 141.2 139.5 137.9 139.2 139.8 140.0 140.2 140.6 Services.............................. 208.4 210.5 212.8 212.3 209.0 212.4 212.5 213.4 211.7 212.7 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1997.............. 57.2 58.6 62.5 63.2 59.8 57.2 59.8 59.2 62.7 65.2 61.6 62.2 1998.............. 63.2 56.2 59.3 60.2 58.9 57.1 55.4 58.4 54.8 55.0 58.2 56.4 1999.............. 55.1 59.6 52.8 57.2 58.2 54.2 57.1 54.4 55.2 57.9 59.9 56.8 2000.............. 55.7 59.3 61.0 54.2 47.7 60.5 57.8 55.1 52.0 54.8 55.1 54.2 2001.............. 53.7 50.4 55.8 p44.6 p46.0 Over 3-month span: 1997.............. 63.5 64.0 66.0 67.0 63.2 63.3 59.8 65.6 67.3 71.1 70.0 69.5 1998.............. 65.3 66.1 64.6 65.7 62.2 57.9 57.5 58.4 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.2 1999.............. 60.8 57.8 58.5 55.8 58.1 57.9 57.2 59.2 59.8 59.1 61.0 60.6 2000.............. 61.6 63.3 61.9 56.2 55.1 57.9 61.5 56.4 54.1 53.3 55.7 53.3 2001.............. 51.7 54.1 p48.6 p47.9 Over 6-month span: 1997.............. 66.7 68.6 66.1 66.0 65.3 65.9 66.0 69.1 69.4 70.3 71.1 70.7 1998.............. 70.4 67.4 65.0 62.5 63.6 60.5 59.2 58.6 57.9 59.6 60.6 59.9 1999.............. 59.8 59.8 58.2 60.3 56.7 59.2 61.8 60.8 62.2 61.2 62.3 64.9 2000.............. 63.5 60.6 62.6 63.7 61.5 55.5 56.1 58.6 54.2 54.8 51.8 54.2 2001.............. p51.7 p49.0 Over 12-month span: 1997.............. 69.3 67.4 68.4 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.1 70.8 71.0 70.5 69.7 70.7 1998.............. 69.7 67.6 67.4 66.0 64.0 62.7 61.9 62.0 60.9 59.3 60.8 58.8 1999.............. 61.2 60.2 58.2 60.8 60.8 61.6 62.2 61.3 63.9 63.0 61.3 60.9 2000.............. 62.5 63.0 61.8 59.5 58.4 56.8 55.7 56.5 54.2 p53.1 p52.0 2001.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1997.............. 48.2 52.6 55.5 54.8 52.9 53.7 49.3 51.1 57.7 61.8 61.4 54.8 1998.............. 57.4 51.5 53.7 53.3 43.8 48.2 38.2 51.5 41.9 41.5 41.2 43.4 1999.............. 46.0 44.5 43.0 42.3 50.4 39.3 51.5 39.3 45.2 46.3 53.3 46.7 2000.............. 44.9 56.6 55.5 46.7 41.2 54.8 53.7 38.6 34.6 41.5 43.8 44.1 2001.............. 37.9 32.4 41.5 p30.9 p29.4 Over 3-month span: 1997.............. 50.0 51.5 55.9 55.5 52.9 52.9 50.4 54.8 59.6 70.6 66.5 64.3 1998.............. 59.6 59.6 55.9 50.4 46.7 37.9 41.5 41.5 41.9 38.2 36.8 40.8 1999.............. 41.2 39.0 38.2 41.5 40.8 45.2 39.0 45.2 40.8 44.9 46.3 46.0 2000.............. 50.0 54.0 52.9 42.3 43.0 48.5 48.2 33.8 28.7 30.5 39.0 35.7 2001.............. 28.3 29.4 p25.7 p25.7 Over 6-month span: 1997.............. 53.7 53.7 51.1 52.9 50.7 50.7 54.8 62.1 61.8 64.3 67.3 65.8 1998.............. 63.2 54.4 50.4 40.4 44.5 40.1 37.5 36.4 34.9 40.1 37.1 34.2 1999.............. 36.0 38.2 37.5 41.2 36.8 39.7 43.0 41.5 46.0 40.4 46.3 51.5 2000.............. 51.5 44.5 48.5 55.1 43.8 34.9 33.5 34.6 30.1 29.4 25.0 27.9 2001.............. p27.6 p22.4 Over 12-month span: 1997.............. 55.1 52.6 54.0 54.4 55.5 57.0 57.0 58.8 59.2 57.7 57.4 57.7 1998.............. 54.8 52.2 51.8 46.7 40.4 40.1 38.2 37.5 36.4 34.6 35.7 34.2 1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 46.0 44.9 44.5 2000.............. 46.3 45.2 41.2 37.9 33.8 31.3 31.3 31.3 27.6 p23.9 p23.9 2001.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.