Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 606-6378 USDL 99-146 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 606-5902 Tuesday, May 25, 1999 EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN 1998 In 1998, the proportion of U.S. families with at least one employed member was 82.6 percent, up 0.5 percentage point from 1997, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported. Of the nation's 70.2 million families, 6.4 percent reported having an unemployed member, a decline of 0.6 percentage point from the previous year. These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of about 50,000 households. Changes in the levels and percents shown in the text of this release reflect the effect of revised estimation procedures and, therefore, may not agree with changes calculated directly from data in the attached tables. (See box note at end of text.) For further information about the CPS, see the Technical Note. Families In an average week in 1998, 4.5 million families had at least one member who was unemployed, a decline of 394,000 from 1997. Of these 4.5 million families, 70.6 percent also contained at least one employed family member. (See table 1.) The proportion of families with an unemployed member was much higher among blacks (11.8 percent) and Hispanics (10.6 percent) than among whites (5.6 percent). The proportion of families with an unemployed member that also had at least one employed member was higher for white and Hispanic families than for black families. (See table 1.) Families maintained by women represented a little less than 30 percent of all families with an unemployed member, but accounted for nearly 40 percent of the over-the-year decrease in the number of families with unemployed members. (See tables 1 and 3.) The proportion of black families with employed persons increased by 2.0 percentage points in 1998 to 78.8 percent, while the proportions for white and Hispanic families (82.9 percent and 84.7 percent, respectively) only edged up from the previous year. Since 1994, the proportion of black families with an employed member has increased by 5.3 percentage points, compared with 3.5 percentage points for Hispanic families and 1.5 points for white families. (See table 1.) Overall, 83.9 percent of married-couple families included an employed person in 1998, as did 85.9 percent of families maintained by men. Both - 2 - proportions were about unchanged over the year. Among families maintained by women, a smaller percentage (75.7 percent) included an employed person; however, this proportion rose by 1.9 percentage points over the year. (See table 2.) Families in which only the husband worked comprised 19.2 percent of all married-couple families in 1998, about the same proportion as the year before. Likewise, the proportion of married-couple families that was comprised of "dual-worker" families--couples in which both the husband and wife worked--remained little changed at 53.1 percent. (See table 2.) Both parents were employed in 64.1 percent of married-couple families with children under 18 in 1998, compared with 62.6 percent in 1994. The father, but not the mother, was employed in 28.9 percent of married-couple families with children under 18, compared with 25.0 percent in 1994; the proportion of these "traditional" families is much larger among couples with pre-school children (under 6 years of age) than those whose youngest child was 6 to 17 years old. (See table 4.) Mothers The unemployment rate for married mothers with children under 18 (3.3 percent in 1998) was little changed from 1997. In contrast, the unemployment rate of unmarried--that is, single, widowed, divorced, or separated--mothers (9.3 percent) declined by 1.1 percentage points in 1998. There was little over-the-year change in the rates for all mothers whose youngest child was 6 to 17 years old (4.1 percent) or for those with pre- school children (6.5 percent). (See table 5.) The labor force participation rates were 71.8 percent for mothers and 94.6 percent for fathers in 1998. The participation rate for unmarried mothers increased over the year by 2.1 percentage points to 76.7 percent, while the rate for married mothers edged down by 0.5 percentage point to 70.0 percent. (See table 5.) The labor force participation rate for unmarried mothers with children under a year old (58.8 percent) increased by 5.2 percentage points over the year. This participation rate has increased by 9.7 percentage points since 1996 and by 13.1 points since 1994. The participation rate for married mothers with children under a year old (57.6 percent) was down by 1.3 percentage points. (See table 6.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Revisions in Household Survey Data | | | | Data for 1998 in this release incorporate new composite estimation | |procedures and minor revisions in the population controls that were | |introduced into the household survey in January 1998. The new proced- | |ures produce estimates of families and family members engaged in | |labor force activity that are generally somewhat lower than would | |have been the case had the procedures remained unchanged. For example, | |the number of families with an employed member is reduced by 69,000. | |Also, the number that are dual-worker families (families in which both | |the husband and wife are employed) is lowered by 104,000, and the number| |of mothers in the labor force is reduced by 93,000. Detailed infor- | |mation on the effect of these changes on data from the Current Popula- | |tion Survey can be found in the article, "Revisions in the Current | |Population Survey Effective January 1998," in the February 1998 issue | |of Employment and Earnings. | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Technical Note The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census. The information relates to the labor force status of persons 16 years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population during an "average" week of the year. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error" section of the February 1994 and subsequent issues of Employment and Earnings. Definitions The principal definitions used in this release are described briefly below. Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. The count of families is for "primary" families only, that is, the householder and all other persons related to and residing with the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. Householder. The householder is the family reference person. This is the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined in terms of relationship to the householder. Married, spouse present; other marital status. These terms denote the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, refers to husbands and wives living together in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status includes persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons. Children. Data on children refer to own children and include sons, daughters, adopted, and step-children of the husband, wife, or person maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and all unrelated children living in the household. Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 1997-98 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Characteristic 1997 1998 TOTAL Total families.................................................................... 69,714 70,218 With employed member(s)....................................................... 57,289 57,986 As percent of total families............................................ 82.2 82.6 Some usually work full time(1).......................................... 53,226 53,945 With no employed member....................................................... 12,425 12,232 As percent of total families............................................ 17.8 17.4 With unemployed member(s)..................................................... 4,913 4,503 As percent of total families............................................ 7.0 6.4 Some member(s) employed..................................................... 3,445 3,177 As percent of families with unemployed member(s)..................... 70.1 70.6 Some usually work full time(1).............................................. 3,070 2,830 As percent of families with unemployed member(s)..................... 62.5 62.8 White Total families.................................................................... 58,514 58,930 With employed member(s)....................................................... 48,378 48,850 As percent of total families............................................ 82.7 82.9 Some usually work full time(1).......................................... 45,069 45,567 With no employed member....................................................... 10,135 10,080 As percent of total families............................................ 17.3 17.1 With unemployed member(s)..................................................... 3,566 3,299 As percent of total families............................................ 6.1 5.6 Some member(s) employed..................................................... 2,632 2,463 As percent of families with unemployed member(s)..................... 73.8 74.7 Some usually work full time(1).............................................. 2,353 2,204 As percent of families with unemployed member(s)..................... 66.0 66.8 Black Total families.................................................................... 8,308 8,317 With employed member(s)....................................................... 6,409 6,554 As percent of total families............................................ 77.1 78.8 Some usually work full time(1).......................................... 5,810 5,953 With no employed member....................................................... 1,899 1,763 As percent of total families............................................ 22.9 21.2 With unemployed member(s)..................................................... 1,104 984 As percent of total families............................................ 13.3 11.8 Some member(s) employed..................................................... 631 555 As percent of families with unemployed member(s)..................... 57.2 56.4 Some usually work full time(1).............................................. 553 485 As percent of families with unemployed member(s)..................... 50.1 49.3 Hispanic origin Total families.................................................................... 6,779 7,025 With employed member(s)....................................................... 5,701 5,947 As percent of total families............................................ 84.1 84.7 Some usually work full time(1).......................................... 5,285 5,545 With no employed member....................................................... 1,078 1,078 As percent of total families............................................ 15.9 15.3 With unemployed member(s)..................................................... 789 744 As percent of total families............................................ 11.6 10.6 Some member(s) employed..................................................... 532 522 As percent of families with unemployed member(s)..................... 67.4 70.2 Some usually work full time(1).............................................. 473 467 As percent of families with unemployed member(s)..................... 59.9 62.8 1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Data for 1998 are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls in the household survey in January 1998. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 1997-98 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Number Percent distribution Characteristic 1997 1998 1997 1998 MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES Total....................................................... 53,248 53,689 100.0 100.0 Member(s) employed, total....................................... 44,641 45,061 83.8 83.9 Husband only.................................................. 9,959 10,285 18.7 19.2 Wife only..................................................... 2,839 2,843 5.3 5.3 Husband and wife.............................................. 28,422 28,531 53.4 53.1 Other employment combinations................................. 3,421 3,402 6.4 6.3 No member(s) employed........................................... 8,607 8,628 16.2 16.1 FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN(1) Total....................................................... 12,524 12,447 100.0 100.0 Members(s) employed, total...................................... 9,263 9,417 74.0 75.7 Householder only.............................................. 5,282 5,322 42.2 42.8 Householder and other member(s)............................... 2,484 2,582 19.8 20.7 Other member(s), not householder.............................. 1,497 1,513 12.0 12.2 No member(s) employed........................................... 3,261 3,029 26.0 24.3 FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN(1) Total....................................................... 3,942 4,083 100.0 100.0 Members(s) employed, total...................................... 3,385 3,509 85.9 85.9 Householder only.............................................. 1,703 1,746 43.2 42.8 Householder and other member(s)............................... 1,228 1,283 31.2 31.4 Other member(s), not householder.............................. 455 480 11.5 11.8 No member(s) employed........................................... 557 574 14.1 14.1 1 No spouse present. NOTE: Data for 1998 are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls in the household survey in January 1998. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 1997-98 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Number Percent distribution Characteristic 1997 1998 1997 1998 MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES With unemployed member(s), total................................ 3,056 2,815 100.0 100.0 No member employed............................................ 530 471 17.3 16.7 Some member(s) employed....................................... 2,526 2,343 82.7 83.2 Husband unemployed.......................................... 1,048 948 34.3 33.7 Wife employed............................................. 651 594 21.3 21.1 Wife unemployed............................................. 906 844 29.6 30.0 Husband employed.......................................... 787 745 25.8 26.5 Other family member unemployed.............................. 1,102 1,023 36.1 36.3 FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN(1) With unemployed member(s), total................................ 1,456 1,301 100.0 100.0 No member employed............................................ 782 696 53.7 53.5 Some member(s) employed....................................... 674 605 46.3 46.5 Householder unemployed...................................... 694 612 47.7 47.0 Other member(s) employed.................................. 122 99 8.4 7.6 Other member(s) unemployed.................................. 572 512 39.3 39.4 FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN(1) With unemployed member(s), total................................ 400 388 100.0 100.0 No member employed............................................ 156 158 39.0 40.7 Some member(s) employed....................................... 244 229 61.0 59.0 Householder unemployed...................................... 197 186 49.2 47.9 Other member(s) employed.................................. 77 69 19.2 17.8 Other member(s) unemployed.................................. 204 202 51.0 52.1 1 No spouse present. NOTE: Data for 1998 are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls in the household survey in January 1998. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type, 1997-98 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Number Percent distribution Characteristic 1997 1998 1997 1998 WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS Total....................................................... 34,129 34,232 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed............................................ 30,761 31,100 90.1 90.9 No parent employed............................................ 3,369 3,130 9.9 9.1 Married-couple families....................................... 24,762 24,820 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed.......................................... 23,987 24,088 96.9 97.1 Mother employed........................................... 17,013 16,911 68.7 68.1 Both parents employed................................... 15,964 15,906 64.5 64.1 Mother employed, not father............................. 1,049 1,005 4.2 4.0 Father employed, not mother............................... 6,974 7,178 28.2 28.9 Neither parent employed..................................... 775 731 3.1 2.9 Families maintained by women(1)............................... 7,623 7,573 100.0 100.0 Mother employed............................................. 5,276 5,440 69.2 71.8 Mother not employed......................................... 2,347 2,133 30.8 28.2 Families maintained by men(1)................................. 1,745 1,839 100.0 100.0 Father employed............................................. 1,498 1,572 85.8 85.5 Father not employed......................................... 247 266 14.2 14.5 WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER Total....................................................... 18,989 19,209 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed............................................ 17,274 17,551 91.0 91.4 No parent employed............................................ 1,714 1,658 9.0 8.6 Married-couple families....................................... 13,442 13,496 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed.......................................... 13,000 13,065 96.7 96.8 Mother employed........................................... 10,061 9,991 74.8 74.0 Both parents employed................................... 9,379 9,338 69.8 69.2 Mother employed, not father............................. 682 653 5.1 4.8 Father employed, not mother............................... 2,939 3,074 21.9 22.8 Neither parent employed..................................... 442 431 3.3 3.2 Families maintained by women(1)............................... 4,531 4,638 100.0 100.0 Mother employed............................................. 3,393 3,573 74.9 77.0 Mother not employed......................................... 1,138 1,065 25.1 23.0 Families maintained by men(1)................................. 1,015 1,075 100.0 100.0 Father employed............................................. 881 913 86.8 84.9 Father not employed......................................... 134 162 13.2 15.1 WITH CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS Total....................................................... 15,141 15,023 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed............................................ 13,487 13,550 89.1 90.2 No parent employed............................................ 1,654 1,473 10.9 9.8 Married-couple families....................................... 11,320 11,324 100.0 100.0 Parent(s) employed.......................................... 10,988 11,023 97.1 97.3 Mother employed........................................... 6,952 6,920 61.4 61.1 Both parents employed................................... 6,585 6,567 58.2 58.0 Mother employed, not father............................. 368 352 3.3 3.1 Father employed, not mother............................... 4,034 4,103 35.6 36.2 Neither parent employed..................................... 333 301 2.9 2.7 Families maintained by women(1)............................... 3,092 2,936 100.0 100.0 Mother employed............................................. 1,882 1,867 60.9 63.6 Mother not employed......................................... 1,209 1,068 39.1 36.4 Families maintained by men(1)................................. 729 763 100.0 100.0 Father employed............................................. 617 660 84.6 86.5 Father not employed......................................... 112 104 15.4 13.6 1 No spouse present. NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Data for 1998 are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls in the household survey in January 1998. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18, 1997-98 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) 1997 1998 Characteristic Total Men Women Total Men Women WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population... 62,787 27,349 35,438 62,912 27,489 35,423 Civilian labor force................. 51,343 25,877 25,466 51,462 26,018 25,443 Participation rate............... 81.8 94.6 71.9 81.8 94.6 71.8 Employed........................... 49,178 25,111 24,067 49,480 25,333 24,147 Employment-population ratio.... 78.3 91.8 67.9 78.6 92.2 68.2 Full-time workers(1)............. 41,934 24,306 17,628 42,372 24,562 17,811 Part-time workers(2)............. 7,244 806 6,439 7,108 771 6,337 Unemployed......................... 2,165 766 1,399 1,981 686 1,296 Unemployment rate................ 4.2 3.0 5.5 3.8 2.6 5.1 Married, spouse present Civilian noninstitutional population... 50,995 25,292 25,704 51,061 25,325 25,737 Civilian labor force................. 42,192 24,027 18,165 42,088 24,080 18,009 Participation rate............... 82.7 95.0 70.7 82.4 95.1 70.0 Employed........................... 40,918 23,383 17,535 40,914 23,506 17,408 Employment-population ratio.... 80.2 92.5 68.2 80.1 92.8 67.6 Full-time workers(1)............. 35,042 22,685 12,357 35,197 22,839 12,357 Part-time workers(2)............. 5,877 698 5,179 5,718 667 5,051 Unemployed......................... 1,273 644 630 1,174 573 601 Unemployment rate................ 3.0 2.7 3.5 2.8 2.4 3.3 Other marital status(3) Civilian noninstitutional population... 11,791 2,057 9,734 11,851 2,166 9,686 Civilian labor force................. 9,151 1,850 7,301 9,374 1,939 7,434 Participation rate............... 77.6 89.9 75.0 79.1 89.5 76.7 Employed........................... 8,259 1,728 6,531 8,565 1,826 6,739 Employment-population ratio.... 70.0 84.0 67.1 72.3 84.3 69.6 Full-time workers(1)............. 6,893 1,621 5,272 7,177 1,724 5,453 Part-time workers(2)............. 1,367 107 1,261 1,391 104 1,286 Unemployed......................... 891 123 770 807 113 695 Unemployment rate................ 9.7 6.6 10.5 8.6 5.8 9.3 WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER Civilian noninstitutional population... 33,997 14,822 19,175 34,329 14,947 19,383 Civilian labor force................. 28,812 13,877 14,935 29,003 13,969 15,033 Participation rate............... 84.7 93.6 77.9 84.5 93.5 77.6 Employed........................... 27,752 13,480 14,273 28,046 13,629 14,417 Employment-population ratio.... 81.6 90.9 74.4 81.7 91.2 74.4 Full-time workers(1)............. 23,885 13,071 10,814 24,286 13,238 11,048 Part-time workers(2)............. 3,868 409 3,459 3,760 391 3,369 Unemployed......................... 1,060 397 662 957 340 617 Unemployment rate................ 3.7 2.9 4.4 3.3 2.4 4.1 WITH CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population... 28,789 12,526 16,263 28,583 12,543 16,040 Civilian labor force................. 22,530 12,000 10,531 22,459 12,049 10,410 Participation rate............... 78.3 95.8 64.8 78.6 96.1 64.9 Employed........................... 21,426 11,632 9,794 21,434 11,703 9,731 Employment-population ratio.... 74.4 92.9 60.2 75.0 93.3 60.7 Full-time workers(1)............. 18,049 11,235 6,814 18,086 11,323 6,763 Part-time workers(2)............. 3,376 397 2,980 3,348 380 2,968 Unemployed......................... 1,105 368 737 1,025 346 679 Unemployment rate................ 4.9 3.1 7.0 4.6 2.9 6.5 WITH NO CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS Civilian noninstitutional population... 138,365 68,385 69,980 140,436 69,396 71,040 Civilian labor force................. 83,524 45,847 37,677 84,735 46,464 38,271 Participation rate............... 60.4 67.0 53.8 60.3 67.0 53.9 Employed........................... 78,917 43,045 35,873 80,545 43,922 36,623 Employment-population ratio.... 57.0 62.9 51.3 57.4 63.3 51.6 Full-time workers(1)............. 62,902 36,452 26,449 64,429 37,226 27,203 Part-time workers(2)............. 16,016 6,592 9,424 16,116 6,696 9,420 Unemployed......................... 4,606 2,802 1,804 4,190 2,542 1,648 Unemployment rate................ 5.5 6.1 4.8 4.9 5.5 4.3 1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated and widowed persons. NOTE: See NOTE, table 4. Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child, and marital status, 1997-98 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Civilian Characteristic noninsti- Percent tutional of Full- Part- Percent population Total popu- Percent time time of lation Total of popu- work- work- Number labor lation ers(1) ers(2) force 1997 TOTAL MOTHERS With children under 3 years old.. 9,347 5,738 61.4 5,306 56.8 3,560 1,746 432 7.5 2 years........................ 2,871 1,890 65.8 1,763 61.4 1,208 555 127 6.7 1 year......................... 3,306 2,012 60.9 1,851 56.0 1,205 646 161 8.0 Under 1 year................... 3,170 1,836 57.9 1,692 53.4 1,147 545 144 7.8 Married, spouse present With children under 3 years old.. 7,049 4,296 60.9 4,105 58.2 2,718 1,387 191 4.4 2 years........................ 2,142 1,380 64.4 1,327 62.0 883 444 53 3.8 1 year......................... 2,459 1,468 59.7 1,399 56.9 890 509 69 4.7 Under 1 year................... 2,448 1,448 59.2 1,379 56.3 945 434 69 4.8 Other marital status(3) With children under 3 years old.. 2,297 1,445 62.9 1,201 52.3 842 361 241 16.7 2 years........................ 729 511 70.1 436 59.8 325 112 74 14.5 1 year......................... 847 545 64.3 452 53.4 315 138 92 16.9 Under 1 year................... 721 389 54.0 313 43.4 202 111 75 19.3 1998 TOTAL MOTHERS With children under 3 years old.. 9,333 5,779 61.9 5,384 57.7 3,626 1,758 395 6.8 2 years........................ 2,772 1,786 64.4 1,673 60.4 1,149 524 113 6.3 1 year......................... 3,213 2,055 64.0 1,917 59.7 1,281 636 138 6.7 Under 1 year................... 3,348 1,938 57.9 1,794 53.6 1,196 598 144 7.4 Married, spouse present With children under 3 years old.. 7,110 4,316 60.7 4,145 58.3 2,765 1,380 171 4.0 2 years........................ 2,073 1,291 62.3 1,244 60.0 831 413 47 3.6 1 year......................... 2,493 1,560 62.6 1,497 60.0 989 508 63 4.0 Under 1 year................... 2,544 1,465 57.6 1,404 55.2 945 459 61 4.2 Other marital status(3) With children under 3 years old.. 2,225 1,463 65.8 1,238 55.6 860 379 223 15.2 2 years........................ 700 495 70.7 429 61.3 318 111 65 13.1 1 year......................... 721 495 68.7 420 58.3 292 129 75 15.2 Under 1 year................... 804 473 58.8 389 48.4 250 139 83 17.5 1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated and widowed persons. NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.