Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 05-111 http://www.bls.gov/mls/ For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, January 26, 2005 MASS LAYOFFS IN DECEMBER 2004 AND ANNUAL AVERAGES FOR 2004 In December 2004, employers took 1,614 mass layoff actions, as measured by new filings for unemployment insurance benefits during the month, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Each action involved at least 50 persons from a single establishment, and the number of workers involved totaled 161,271. (See table 1.) The number of events was the lowest for any December since 1999, and the number of initial claims was the lowest for any December since 1995 when data became available. The layoff events in December bring the total for all of 2004 to 15,980 and the total number of initial claimants from such events to 1,607,158. The annual totals were lower than in 2003 (18,963 events and 1,888,926 initial claims) and were the lowest annual totals for events since 2000 and for initial claims since 1999. Additional information on the annual data is provided starting on page 3 of this release. Industry Distribution The 10 industries reporting the highest number of mass-layoff initial claims accounted for 57,388 initial claims in December, 36 percent of the total. (See table A.) Highway, street, and bridge construction, with 14,348 initial claims, accounted for 9 percent of all initial claims in December. None of these industries reached December peaks in 2004. The manufacturing sector accounted for 27 percent of all mass layoff events and 31 percent of all initial claims filed in December. These were the smallest shares for manufacturing in any December since the monthly series began in 1995. A year ago, in December 2003, manufacturing comprised 34 percent of events and 40 percent of initial claims. Within manufacturing, the number of claimants was highest in transportation equipment (12,547, mostly in travel trailer and camper manufacturing), followed by food processing (6,309) and electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing (3,741). (See table 2.) Construction accounted for 21 percent of events and 17 percent of initial claims filed in December, with layoffs mainly in highway, street, and bridge construction. Nine percent of all layoff events and initial claims filed during the month were from accommodation and food services, mostly among food service contractors. Administrative and waste services accounted for 10 percent of events and 8 percent of initial claims, largely in temporary help services. An additional 6 percent of events and 7 percent of initial claims were from transportation and warehousing, mostly from school and employee bus transportation. Government establishments accounted for 5 percent of events and 4 percent of initial claims filed in December, mostly in educational services. Compared with December 2003, the largest decreases in initial claims were reported in transportation equipment manufacturing (-8,514), administrative and support services (-4,204), transit and ground passenger transportation (-3,388), and textile mills (-3,050). The largest over-the- year increases in initial claims were reported in motion picture and sound recording industries (+4,329). - 2 - Table A. Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in December 2004p ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Initial| December peak Industry | claims |-------------------------- | | Year | Initial claims ------------------------------------------|--------|---------|---------------- Highway, street, and bridge construction .| 14,348 | 2000 | 17,277 Food service contractors .................| 8,823 | 2003 | 9,229 School and employee bus transportation ...| 8,636 | 1996 | 13,146 Temporary help services ..................| 6,328 | 2001 | 14,929 Motion picture and video production ......| 6,235 | 1998 | 16,192 Payroll services .........................| 3,064 | 2000 | 6,268 Household refrigerator and home freezer | | | mfg. ....................................| 2,850 | 2000 | 5,578 Professional employer organizations ......| 2,752 | 2000 | 4,032 Ready-mix concrete manufacturing .........| 2,191 | 2000 | 2,523 Hotels and motels, except casino hotels ..| 2,161 | 2000 | 2,664 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ p=preliminary. Geographic Distribution Among the four census regions, the highest number of initial claims in December due to mass layoffs was reported in the Midwest, 61,277. (See table 3.) Transportation equipment manufacturing and heavy and civil engineering construction accounted for 31 percent of all mass-layoff initial claims in that region during the month. The West region had the second largest number of initial claims, 42,659, followed by the South, with 29,948, and the Northeast, with 27,387. The number of initial claimants in mass layoffs fell over the year in three of the four regions. The largest decrease was in the Midwest (-26,529), followed by the Northeast (-7,050) and the South (-2,519). The West reported an over-the-year increase in initial claims (+4,736). Seven of the nine geographic divisions had over-the-year decreases in the number of initial claims associated with mass layoffs, with the largest decreases in the East North Central (-22,204), and Middle Atlantic (-5,040) divisions. The over- the-year increases were in the Pacific (+6,466) and East South Central (+2,485) divisions. Among the states, California recorded the highest number of initial claims filed due to mass layoff events in December (32,279), mostly in motion picture and sound recording industries and in administrative and support services. Michigan was next highest with 10,841 initial claims reported, followed by Illinois (10,222), Pennsylvania (9,413) and Indiana (9,331). These five states accounted for 45 percent of all mass layoff events and initial claims for unemployment insurance. (See table 4.) Indiana reported the largest over-the-year decrease in the number of initial claims (-5,999), followed by Ohio (-5,383), Illinois (-4,784), and Wisconsin (-4,604). The largest over-the-year increases occurred in California (+6,326) and Kentucky (+4,479). - 3 - Table B. Number of mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, 1996-2004 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Year | Layoff events | Initial claimants for | | unemployment insurance ----------------------|----------------|--------------------------- 1996 .................| 14,111 | 1,437,628 1997 .................| 14,960 | 1,542,543 1998 .................| 15,904 | 1,771,069 1999 .................| 14,909 | 1,572,399 2000 .................| 15,738 | 1,835,592 2001 .................| 21,467 | 2,514,862 2002 .................| 20,277 | 2,245,051 2003 .................| 18,963 | 1,888,926 2004p ................| 15,980 | 1,607,158 ------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. Review of 2004 During 2004, 15,980 mass layoff events occurred in the nation, resulting in 1,607,158 initial claims filings for unemployment insurance. In 2003, there were 18,963 such events and 1,888,926 initial claimants. (See table B.) The 10 industries with the highest number of mass-layoff initial claims accounted for 27 percent of the total in 2004. (See table C.) In 2003 they comprised 25 percent of the total. Manufacturing accounted for 29 percent of all mass layoff events and 35 percent of initial claims filed during 2004. These were the lowest shares of events and initial claims in manufacturing for any year which data are available. In 2003, manufacturing accounted for 32 percent of events and 39 percent of initial claims. Within manufacturing, initial claim filings in 2004 were most numerous in transportation equipment, 163,026, followed by food processing, 82,114, and fabricated metal products, 30,672. The largest over-the-year decrease in initial claims in manufacturing occurred in machinery manufacturing (-31,963) and computer and electronic products (-25,658). The largest over-the- year increase in initial claims occurred in printing and related support activities (+558). The number of initial claims filed in 2004 due to mass layoffs was higher in the West, 495,554, than in any other region. Layoffs in administrative and support services, motion picture and sound recording, and agricultural and forestry support activities accounted for 33 percent of the claims in the West. The fewest number of mass-layoff initial claims was reported in the Northeast region, 270,788. For the third consecutive year, the number of mass-layoff initial claims fell in each of the four regions. The largest decreases in initial claims were in the West (-99,383) and South (-79,826). Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, California recorded the largest number of initial claims filed in mass layoff events in 2004 (394,114), 25 percent of the national total. The states with the next highest numbers of initial claims were Michigan (99,124), New York (95,228), Pennsylvania (89,288), and Ohio (86,850). Half of all events and 48 percent of all initial claims were from these five states. California reported the largest over-the-year decrease in initial claims (-73,459), followed by Texas (-27,538), and Pennsylvania (-23,068). The largest over-the-year increase occurred in Michigan (+32,258). - 4 - Table C. Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in 2004p ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 2004 | 2003 Industry |------------------|------------------- | Initial | Rank | Initial | Rank | claims | | claims | ----------------------------------------|---------|--------|----------|-------- Temporary help services ................| 103,868 | 1 | 119,738 | 1 School and employee bus transportation .| 64,663 | 2 | 61,465 | 2 Motion picture and video production ....| 50,030 | 3 | 46,006 | 3 Food service contractors ...............| 42,920 | 4 | 37,446 | 5 Highway, street, and bridge construction| 36,853 | 5 | 38,635 | 4 Automobile manufacturing ...............| 35,520 | 6 | 36,152 | 6 Professional employer organizations ....| 31,434 | 7 | 32,031 | 8 Elementary and secondary schools .......| 27,648 | 8 | 35,494 | 7 Discount department stores .............| 22,540 | 9 | 24,301 | 11 Farm labor contractors and crew leaders | 22,394 | 10 | 28,967 | 10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. Note The monthly data series in this release cover mass layoffs of 50 or more workers beginning in a given month, regardless of the duration of the layoffs. For private nonfarm establishments, information on the length of the layoff is obtained later and issued in a quarterly release that reports on mass layoffs lasting more than 30 days (referred to as "extended mass layoffs"). The quarterly release provides more information on the industry classification and location of the establishment and on the demographics of the laid-off workers. Because monthly figures include short-term layoffs of 30 days or less, the sum of the figures for the 3 months in a quarter will be higher than the quarterly figure for mass layoffs of more than 30 days. (See table 1.) See the Technical Note for more detailed definitions. ______________________________ The report on Extended Mass Layoffs in the Fourth Quarter of 2004 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, February 16, 2005. The report on Mass Layoffs in January 2005 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, February 24, 2005. ------------------------------------------------------------------- | Addition of Seasonally Adjusted Data | | | | Beginning with the release of data for January 2005 on | | February 24, 2005, the Bureau of Labor Statistics will publish | | seasonally adjusted mass layoff data series as well as an | | analysis of significant over-the-month changes in those series. | | Seasonal adjustment accounts for the effects of events that | | follow a more or less regular pattern each year, making it easier | | to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements. | | Initially, six mass layoff series will be seasonally adjusted-- | | the number of layoff events and the number of associated initial | | claims for unemployment insurance for the U.S. total, the private | | nonfarm sector, and the manufacturing sector. Historical data | | for each of these series will be available from April 1995 | | forward. | ------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Each month, states report on establish- ments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period. These establishments then are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations lasted 31 days or long- er, and, if so, other information concerning the layoff is collected. States report on layoffs lasting more than 1 month on a quarterly basis. A given month contains an aggregation of the weekly unemployment insurance claims filings for the Sunday through Saturday weeks in that month. All weeks are included for the particular month, except if the first day of the month falls on Saturday. In this case, the week is included in the prior month's tabulations. This means that some months will contain 4 weeks and others 5 weeks, and the number of weeks in a given month may be different from year to year. Therefore, analysis of over-the-month and over-the-year change should take this calendar effect into consideration. The MLS program resumed operations in April 1995 after it had been ter- minated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. Prior to April 1995, monthly layoff statistics were not available. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired indi- viduals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Definitions Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Mass layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits filed against an establishment during a 5-week period, regardless of duration. Table 1. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, October 2002 to December 2004 Private nonfarm Total mass layoffs Extended mass layoffs Realization Date Mass layoffs lasting more than 30 days rates (1) Initial Initial Initial Initial Events claimants Events claimants Events claimants Events claimants 2002 October .................... 1,497 171,100 1,270 149,327 November ................... 2,153 240,171 1,860 216,237 December ................... 2,474 264,158 2,324 252,807 Fourth Quarter ............. 6,124 675,429 5,454 618,371 1,916 370,592 35.1 59.9 2003 January .................... 2,315 225,430 2,130 210,918 February ................... 1,363 124,965 1,222 116,264 March ...................... 1,207 113,026 1,099 104,468 First Quarter .............. 4,885 463,421 4,451 431,650 1,502 297,608 33.7 68.9 April ...................... 1,581 161,412 1,470 152,937 May ........................ 1,703 174,204 1,538 160,729 June ....................... 1,691 157,552 1,336 127,743 Second Quarter ............. 4,975 493,168 4,344 441,409 1,799 348,966 41.4 79.1 July ....................... 2,087 226,435 1,815 206,901 August ..................... 1,258 133,839 1,163 124,131 September .................. 868 82,647 756 73,914 Third Quarter .............. 4,213 442,921 3,734 404,946 1,190 227,909 31.9 56.3 October .................... 1,523 158,240 1,265 137,706 November ................... 1,438 138,543 1,234 123,524 December ................... 1,929 192,633 1,793 182,750 Fourth Quarter ............. 4,890 489,416 4,292 443,980 1,690 326,328 39.4 73.5 2004 January .................... 2,428 239,454 2,226 220,687 February ................... 941 84,201 832 76,577 March ...................... 920 92,554 847 87,782 First Quarter .............. 4,289 416,209 3,905 385,046 1,339 238,056 34.3 61.8 April ...................... 1,458 157,314 1,316 142,657 May ........................ 988 87,501 878 78,786 June ....................... 1,379 134,588 1,077 110,804 Second Quarter ............. 3,825 379,403 3,271 332,247 1,359 251,970 41.5 75.8 July ....................... 2,094 253,929 1,860 234,877 August ..................... 809 69,033 745 63,876 September .................. 708 68,972 637 63,102 Third Quarter .............. 3,611 391,934 3,242 361,855 (2)(p)780 (2)(p)101,456 (p)24.1 (p)28.0 October .................... 1,242 127,918 1,101 117,375 November(p) ................ 1,399 130,423 1,201 115,549 December(p) ................ 1,614 161,271 1,487 152,092 Fourth Quarter(p) .......... 4,255 419,612 3,789 385,016 1 The event realization rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm mass layoff events lasting more than 30 days. The initial claimant realization rate is the percentage of all private nonfarm mass layoff initial claimants associated with layoffs lasting more than 30 days. 2 These quarterly numbers are provisional and will be revised as more data on these layoffs become available. Experience suggests that the number of extended mass layoff events is generally revised upwards by less than 10 percent and the number of initial claimants associated with such events increases by 25-40 percent. p = preliminary. Table 2. Industry distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance Initial claimants for Mass layoff events unemployment insurance Industry December October November December December October November December 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Total (1) ................................. 1,929 1,242 1,399 1,614 192,633 127,918 130,423 161,271 Total, private .................................. 1,846 1,177 1,336 1,527 185,928 122,402 125,008 154,496 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting .... 53 76 135 40 3,178 5,027 9,459 2,404 Total, private nonfarm ........................ 1,793 1,101 1,201 1,487 182,750 117,375 115,549 152,092 Mining ........................................ 21 8 7 18 1,937 946 701 1,492 Utilities ..................................... 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 6 160 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,395 Construction .................................. 335 126 231 342 25,684 9,512 17,884 27,433 Manufacturing ................................. 648 372 412 436 77,915 48,265 44,243 50,726 Food ...................................... 89 78 77 59 9,285 9,049 7,717 6,309 Beverage and tobacco products ............. 5 16 6 7 781 1,316 387 497 Textile mills ............................. 31 10 15 15 4,299 1,041 1,767 1,249 Textile product mills ..................... 14 8 7 8 2,102 732 638 932 Apparel ................................... 32 18 20 16 3,232 1,338 2,154 2,720 Leather and allied products ............... 7 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 4 842 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 757 Wood products ............................. 55 16 32 25 5,000 2,744 3,437 2,346 Paper ..................................... 12 9 7 7 934 580 530 575 Printing and related support activities ... 7 8 9 3 627 548 610 331 Petroleum and coal products ............... 10 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 11 863 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,126 Chemicals ................................. 9 6 7 8 735 380 525 669 Plastics and rubber products .............. 40 18 17 30 3,579 1,451 1,385 2,327 Nonmetallic mineral products .............. 49 10 24 32 4,079 779 2,126 3,168 Primary metals ............................ 33 15 18 23 3,421 2,312 1,616 2,246 Fabricated metal products ................. 39 18 28 34 4,045 1,855 2,548 2,546 Machinery ................................. 24 19 25 16 3,629 4,224 4,583 2,218 Computer and electronic products .......... 19 18 27 19 1,408 1,416 2,534 2,039 Electrical equipment and appliances ....... 20 17 13 13 4,726 2,573 1,757 3,741 Transportation equipment .................. 122 58 53 85 21,061 12,733 6,961 12,547 Furniture and related products ............ 14 13 16 13 1,607 1,637 1,548 1,096 Miscellaneous manufacturing ............... 17 11 5 8 1,660 1,027 975 1,287 Wholesale trade ............................... 27 11 24 18 2,443 1,412 2,196 1,853 Retail trade .................................. 98 98 65 80 9,203 8,550 6,498 8,092 Transportation and warehousing ................ 131 34 32 96 15,528 2,608 2,900 10,687 Information ................................... 40 36 45 30 3,839 7,597 5,492 8,002 Finance and insurance ......................... 27 33 22 18 1,764 2,914 1,442 1,455 Real estate and rental and leasing ............ 4 10 ( 2 ) 4 562 697 ( 2 ) 249 Professional and technical services ........... 57 24 22 48 6,095 3,994 2,303 5,955 Management of companies and enterprises ....... 3 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 3 296 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 296 Administrative and waste services ............. 200 188 187 163 17,256 15,202 17,370 13,192 Educational services .......................... 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 4 327 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 245 Health care and social assistance ............. 27 34 27 28 2,075 2,793 2,012 2,539 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ........... 20 30 25 30 1,795 2,424 2,126 1,967 Accommodation and food services ............... 131 82 81 146 14,701 9,152 8,995 14,923 Other services, except public administration .. 12 6 10 13 955 482 647 1,342 Unclassified .................................. 3 3 1 4 215 309 40 249 Government ...................................... 83 65 63 87 6,705 5,516 5,415 6,775 Federal ....................................... 13 22 12 8 1,419 2,185 1,290 842 State ......................................... 10 19 25 16 830 1,648 2,342 1,472 Local ......................................... 60 24 26 63 4,456 1,683 1,783 4,461 1 Data were reported by all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. Table 3. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by census region and division Initial claimants for Mass layoff events unemployment insurance Census region and division December October November December December October November December 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004p 2004p United States (1) ... 1,929 1,242 1,399 1,614 192,633 127,918 130,423 161,271 Northeast ................. 350 189 198 285 34,437 17,563 19,346 27,387 New England ............. 66 17 26 47 6,904 1,345 1,998 4,894 Middle Atlantic ......... 284 172 172 238 27,533 16,218 17,348 22,493 South ..................... 335 323 255 288 32,467 30,246 24,573 29,948 South Atlantic .......... 192 190 116 140 17,903 15,237 10,333 13,620 East South Central ...... 59 58 42 76 6,510 5,750 4,651 8,995 West South Central ...... 84 75 97 72 8,054 9,259 9,589 7,333 Midwest ................... 780 280 389 588 87,806 35,859 39,650 61,277 East North Central ...... 596 219 306 414 64,802 26,965 29,986 42,598 West North Central ...... 184 61 83 174 23,004 8,894 9,664 18,679 West ...................... 464 450 557 453 37,923 44,250 46,854 42,659 Mountain ................ 63 43 59 60 7,025 3,610 6,470 5,295 Pacific ................. 401 407 498 393 30,898 40,640 40,384 37,364 1 See footnote 1, table 2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 4. State distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance Initial claimants for Mass layoff events unemployment insurance State December October November December December October November December 2003 2004 2004p 2004p 2003 2004 2004p 2004p Total (1) ............ 1,929 1,242 1,399 1,614 192,633 127,918 130,423 161,271 Alabama ................. 27 12 9 22 3,728 1,477 915 2,244 Alaska .................. 3 5 7 ( 2 ) 213 423 686 ( 2 ) Arizona ................. 8 11 3 5 551 868 255 358 Arkansas ................ 6 3 11 3 656 642 1,477 218 California .............. 346 346 429 344 25,953 34,896 34,089 32,279 Colorado ................ 11 10 7 13 1,107 829 533 1,347 Connecticut ............. 13 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 5 1,166 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 510 Delaware ................ ( 2 ) - - - ( 2 ) - - - District of Columbia .... 4 - - ( 2 ) 287 - - ( 2 ) Florida ................. 63 143 43 44 4,826 9,737 3,107 3,567 Georgia ................. 31 16 19 37 3,354 1,977 1,809 3,082 Hawaii .................. 6 4 ( 2 ) - 506 260 ( 2 ) - Idaho ................... 12 3 16 10 1,647 281 1,888 736 Illinois ................ 123 56 63 99 15,006 8,019 6,462 10,222 Indiana ................. 108 24 40 68 15,330 2,235 5,129 9,331 Iowa .................... 46 12 14 36 5,305 1,645 1,159 3,442 Kansas .................. 29 5 6 16 3,518 398 1,090 1,864 Kentucky ................ 9 27 19 38 995 2,792 2,160 5,474 Louisiana ............... 15 11 19 16 991 714 1,789 1,297 Maine ................... 5 3 4 7 424 207 328 570 Maryland ................ 15 5 4 7 1,119 544 347 924 Massachusetts ........... 24 6 15 15 2,568 437 1,108 2,085 Michigan ................ 135 40 63 115 12,275 3,768 5,032 10,841 Minnesota ............... 51 15 35 55 6,342 1,390 4,260 6,064 Mississippi ............. 8 10 - ( 2 ) 450 615 - ( 2 ) Missouri ................ 45 21 23 41 6,180 4,723 2,773 5,231 Montana ................. 7 5 7 6 918 545 1,023 474 Nebraska ................ 10 7 ( 2 ) 18 1,411 666 ( 2 ) 1,375 Nevada .................. 20 10 19 17 2,351 755 2,219 1,630 New Hampshire ........... ( 2 ) 4 - 5 ( 2 ) 292 - 423 New Jersey .............. 76 35 42 46 6,895 3,294 5,386 4,979 New Mexico .............. 3 ( 2 ) 4 5 278 ( 2 ) 384 319 New York ................ 88 52 55 88 9,448 5,263 4,362 8,101 North Carolina .......... 23 5 24 16 1,857 417 2,294 1,187 North Dakota ............ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 3 6 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 238 526 Ohio .................... 117 54 49 67 10,693 8,193 4,219 5,310 Oklahoma ................ 12 6 9 13 1,278 1,382 845 1,041 Oregon .................. 26 29 31 23 2,498 2,536 2,886 2,798 Pennsylvania ............ 120 85 75 104 11,190 7,661 7,600 9,413 Rhode Island ............ 12 ( 2 ) 4 7 1,775 ( 2 ) 372 628 South Carolina .......... 17 10 13 11 2,713 688 1,619 1,679 South Dakota ............ ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Tennessee ............... 15 9 14 15 1,337 866 1,576 1,219 Texas ................... 51 55 58 40 5,129 6,521 5,478 4,777 Utah .................... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) 431 Vermont ................. 10 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 8 794 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 678 Virginia ................ 34 9 10 21 3,372 1,555 976 2,836 Washington .............. 20 23 29 24 1,728 2,525 2,536 2,149 West Virginia ........... 3 ( 2 ) 3 3 176 ( 2 ) 181 276 Wisconsin ............... 113 45 91 65 11,498 4,750 9,144 6,894 Wyoming ................. - 3 ( 2 ) - - 268 ( 2 ) - Puerto Rico ............. 6 8 6 10 486 693 562 706 1 See footnote 1, table 2. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero.