Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 01-147 http://www.bls.gov/mlshome.htm For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, May 17, 2001 EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2001 In the first quarter of 2001, there were 1,664 mass layoff actions by employers that resulted in the separation of 305,227 workers from their jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the total number of layoff events and the number of separations were the highest for any first quarter on record since the program began in the second quarter of 1995. (See table A.) Layoffs due to internal company restructuring accounted for 24 percent of events and resulted in 100,943 separations, the highest first quarter on record. On the other hand, the completion of seasonal work accounted for 24 percent of all events and resulted in 69,694 separations, the lowest first quarter on record. Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 16 percent of all events and affected 78,838 workers, up from 44,472 workers in the first quarter of 2000, and were concentrated in general merchandise stores. Less than half of the employers indicated they anticipated some type of recall. The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establish- ment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5-week period. Data for the first quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. Additional information about the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs In the private sector, agriculture accounted for 11 percent of all layoff events and 10 percent of all separations during January-March 2001. The layoff activity occurred in agricultural services (primarily in farm labor contracting) and agricultural crop production (mainly in grapes and in vegetables and melons) and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work. (See table 1.) Forty-six percent of all layoff events and 45 percent of separations occurred in manufacturing industries. Layoffs from durable goods industries were most prevalent in transportation equipment (mostly in motor vehicles and car bodies and in motor vehicle parts and accessories) and in electronic and other electrical equipment (primarily in printed circuit boards and in electronic components). Fifty-four percent of worker separations in trans- portation equipment during the period were due to slack work. Among nondur- able goods establishments, layoffs were most prevalent in food and kindred products (primarily in canned and frozen fruits and vegetables and in meat packing plants). Retail trade accounted for 9 percent of private-sector layoff events and 15 percent of separations, primarily in general merchandise stores - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of mass layoff activity ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Period |Layoff events | Separations | Initial claimants ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1997 | | | January-March.........| 1,317 | 255,227 | 224,180 April-June............| 1,587 | 351,198 | 292,673 July-September........| 1,082 | 217,869 | 209,019 October-December......| 1,697 | 321,821 | 316,035 1998 | | | January-March.........| 1,320 | 208,082 | 247,315 April-June............| 1,563 | 391,461 | 402,276 July-September........| 1,234 | 248,054 | 256,803 October-December......| 1,734 | 379,976 | 325,990 1999 | | | January-March.........| 1,509 | 277,780 | 252,122 April-June............| 1,444 | 294,968 | 242,464 July-September........| 1,097 | 241,725 | 189,973 October-December......| 1,625 | 334,794 | 287,685 2000 | | | January-March(r)......| 1,331 | 254,812 | 221,534 April-June(r).........| 1,272 | 258,459 | 231,253 July-September(r).....| 1,014 | 230,041 | 188,371 October-December(r)...| 2,005 | 426,126 | 375,774 2001 | | | January-March(p)......| 1,664 | 305,227 | 244,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. (largely department stores). Layoffs in services made up 15 percent of events and 13 percent of separations, mainly in business services (help supply services). Cutbacks in construction comprised 8 percent of all layoff events and 6 percent of all separations. These layoffs were largely in heavy construction, excluding buildings. Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 2 percent of all events and separations, primarily in the U.S. Postal Service. (The data in this release do not include temporary federal census workers who completed their assignments.) Reasons for Extended Layoff Twenty-four percent of the events and 23 percent of the separations in the first quarter were due to the completion of seasonal work. These were the lowest proportions for seasonal work for any first quarter. These layoffs were most numerous among workers in food production (agriculture and food and kindred products) and general merchandise stores (mostly in department stores). Layoffs due to internal company restructuring (bank- ruptcy, business ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization) accounted for 24 percent of layoff events and 33 percent of separations. (See table 2.) Size of Extended Layoff Layoff events during the first quarter continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 61 percent involving fewer than 150 workers. These events, however, accounted for only 29 percent of - 3 - Table B. Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff, January-March 2001p ------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Size |-------------------------------------------- | Number | Percent| Number | Percent ------------------------------------------------------------- Total..........| 1,664 | 100.0 | 305,227 | 100.0 | | | 50-99...........| 638 | 38.3 | 44,789 | 14.7 100-149.........| 379 | 22.8 | 43,954 | 14.4 150-199.........| 209 | 12.6 | 34,494 | 11.3 200-299.........| 218 | 13.1 | 49,516 | 16.2 300-499.........| 133 | 8.0 | 47,996 | 15.7 500-999.........| 61 | 3.7 | 38,688 | 12.7 1,000 or more...| 26 | 1.6 | 45,790 | 15.0 ------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. all separations. (See table B.) Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 28 percent of all separations, down from a year earlier (33 percent). The average size of layoffs (as measured by separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from a low of 63 sepa- rations in nonmetallic minerals, except fuels, to a high of 517 in the re- tailing of building materials and garden supplies. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 244,000 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in the first quarter of 2001. Of these claimants, 15 percent were black, 40 percent were women, 20 percent were Hispanic, and 12 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) Forty percent of claimants were 30 to 44 years of age. Among the civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 47 percent were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-nine percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 to 44. Geographic Distribution In the first quarter, the West reported the highest number of separations due to extended mass layoff events (102,993), followed by the Midwest (89,679). (See table 4.) Contributing to extended mass layoffs in the West were agri- cultural services, business services and crop production; in the Midwest, transportation equipment manufacturing and general merchandise stores were dominant. The lowest number of worker separations was reported in the North- east region (38,519). All four regions reported over-the-year increases in separations, with the largest increase occurring in the Midwest (+17,560), mostly in primary metal industries, in transportation equipment, and in general merchandise stores. Six of the nine geographic divisions experienced over-the-year increases in laid-off workers, with the largest increases occurring in the South Atlantic (largely in business services and in general merchandise stores), followed by the Pacific and East North Central divisions. Separa- tions declined in the West South Central (-7,316), Mountain (-2,554), and New England (-2,181) divisions. - 4 - Table C. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff, first quarter 2000-first quarter 2001 ------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percentage of events |------------------------------------------ Nature of the recall | I | II | III | IV | I | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000r | 2001p ------------------------------------------------------------------- Anticipate a recall.....| 58.0 | 60.6 | 51.9 | 67.0 | 46.9 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months.........| 79.1 | 88.7 | 82.1 | 82.5 | 79.9 Within 3 months.......| 40.8 | 56.3 | 52.7 | 37.9 | 54.4 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half...........| 88.1 | 92.3 | 87.3 | 88.3 | 81.2 All workers...........| 41.1 | 52.8 | 53.8 | 47.5 | 35.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------- p=preliminary. r=revised. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (71,560), followed by Illinois (30,325) and Florida (21,785). These three states accounted for 41 percent of total layoff events and separations during the first quarter of 2001. (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (36,317), largely due to layoffs in business services. Over the year, the largest increases in laid-off workers occurred in Florida (+15,010) and Illinois (+11,241). The largest decreases occurred in Texas (-7,814) and Wisconsin (-5,971). Recall Expectations Forty-seven percent of employers reporting a layoff in the first quarter of 2001 indicated they anticipated some type of recall, lower then a year earlier (58 percent) and the lowest first quarter proportion since the program began in April 1995. (See table C.) The large proportion of employers not expecting a recall in the first quarter of 2001 reflected the dominance of both bankruptcy and reorganization within the company as the primary reasons for layoffs. Most of the employers not expecting a recall were concentrated in business services and electronic and other electrical equipment. Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6 months. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 88 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to recall laid-off workers in 34 percent of the events. In layoff events due to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 8 percent of the events. Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. The MLS program was resumed in April 1995; it had been terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, due to changes in concepts and definitions, data from the resumed program are not comparable to earlier data. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. - 2 - Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Industry I IV I I IV I I IV I 2000r 2000r 2001p 2000r 2000r 2001p 2000r 2000r 2001p Total( 1 ) ...................................... 1,331 2,005 1,664 254,812 426,126 305,227 221,534 375,774 244,000 Total, private .......................................... 1,297 1,959 1,637 245,784 404,798 299,864 215,994 365,553 239,365 Agriculture .......................................... 218 349 183 43,439 75,944 29,764 35,799 48,303 21,611 Nonagriculture ........................................ 1,070 1,604 1,449 201,084 327,372 268,241 178,500 315,732 216,686 Manufacturing ..................................... 466 633 755 86,072 130,441 134,695 82,955 144,967 120,719 Durable goods .................................. 243 347 490 44,006 73,296 87,205 43,972 93,705 82,439 Lumber and wood products ..................... 20 38 30 3,161 5,486 3,969 2,687 6,403 3,733 Furniture and fixtures ....................... 16 8 38 2,100 795 4,993 1,668 870 4,333 Stone, clay, and glass products .............. 19 41 14 2,391 6,364 1,591 1,828 6,552 1,429 Primary metal industries ..................... 13 33 56 2,728 9,512 12,143 2,251 9,466 10,218 Fabricated metal products .................... 26 49 60 3,190 7,290 7,798 3,148 9,076 7,053 Industrial machinery and equipment ........... 36 36 64 5,693 7,374 8,868 5,882 8,114 7,882 Electronic and other electrical equipment .... 36 36 104 5,591 7,922 19,149 5,650 12,567 17,722 Transportation equipment ..................... 48 79 86 14,008 25,368 22,565 17,350 37,474 26,425 Instruments and related products ............. 14 6 18 3,174 698 2,860 1,753 596 1,682 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ....... 15 21 20 1,970 2,487 3,269 1,755 2,587 1,962 Nondurable goods ............................... 223 286 265 42,066 57,145 47,490 38,983 51,262 38,280 Food and kindred products .................... 94 124 89 19,753 28,455 16,318 19,364 23,939 13,942 Tobacco products ............................. 7 ( 2 ) 7 2,185 ( 2 ) 2,765 1,772 ( 2 ) 1,531 Textile mill products ........................ 9 23 31 3,850 5,254 6,703 1,499 4,630 5,262 Apparel and other textile products ........... 55 44 36 8,595 7,232 5,089 8,853 7,151 5,024 Paper and allied products .................... 13 23 21 1,427 3,583 4,851 1,747 3,459 3,977 Printing and publishing ...................... 12 14 25 1,674 2,101 3,185 1,729 2,046 2,659 Chemicals and allied products ................ 9 10 14 1,365 1,246 1,829 1,125 1,256 1,468 Petroleum and coal products .................. 4 13 3 546 1,693 625 526 1,759 332 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ... 15 30 35 1,483 6,563 5,504 1,380 6,228 3,745 Leather and leather products ................. 5 ( 2 ) 4 1,188 ( 2 ) 621 988 ( 2 ) 340 Nonmanufacturing .................................. 604 971 694 115,012 196,931 133,546 95,545 170,765 95,967 Mining ......................................... 19 21 11 2,013 2,772 2,608 1,799 2,545 2,188 Construction .................................... 186 434 134 22,767 62,728 16,606 23,610 63,538 14,747 Transportation and public utilities ............. 63 70 81 10,137 11,398 15,602 10,413 12,886 9,804 Wholesale and retail trade ...................... 149 135 189 34,849 47,125 54,753 27,604 32,401 32,966 Wholesale trade ............................. 47 43 40 7,753 6,147 9,782 6,102 5,008 4,582 Retail trade ................................ 102 92 149 27,096 40,978 44,971 21,502 27,393 28,384 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............. 33 32 26 15,867 5,704 3,856 5,096 4,521 2,939 Services ........................................ 154 279 253 29,379 67,204 40,121 27,023 54,874 33,323 Not identified ....................................... 9 6 5 1,261 1,482 1,859 1,695 1,518 1,068 Government .............................................. 34 46 27 9,028 21,328 5,363 5,540 10,221 4,635 Federal ......................................... 14 13 17 6,226 2,860 3,611 2,697 3,536 2,994 State ........................................... 5 13 4 509 4,088 763 509 2,523 630 Local ........................................... 15 20 6 2,293 14,380 989 2,334 4,162 1,011 1 For the fourth quarter 2001, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Reason for separation I IV I I IV I I IV I 2000r 2000r 2001p 2000r 2000r 2001p 2000r 2000r 2001p Total, all reasons( 1 ) ....... 1,331 2,005 1,664 254,812 426,126 305,227 221,534 375,774 244,000 Automation ....................... 4 - 4 762 - 370 687 - 662 Bankruptcy ....................... 32 46 67 10,221 21,845 29,727 3,603 12,120 12,394 Business ownership change ........ 27 27 47 4,128 11,660 11,761 2,886 4,767 7,776 Contract cancellation ............ 16 25 40 2,593 4,482 7,246 2,246 5,188 5,382 Contract completed ............... 129 200 204 21,530 42,628 32,388 24,264 46,635 28,840 Domestic relocation .............. 15 18 16 2,167 2,771 1,911 1,947 1,805 1,356 Energy-related ................... - 7 8 - 1,743 3,628 - 1,216 1,322 Environment-related .............. 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 749 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 610 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Financial difficulty ............. 73 103 124 13,277 24,493 26,871 11,943 18,043 21,910 Import competition ............... 9 24 29 3,584 4,856 6,024 1,430 4,561 4,764 Labor dispute .................... 7 4 ( 2 ) 1,163 3,296 ( 2 ) 801 3,293 ( 2 ) Material shortage ................ ( 2 ) - 4 ( 2 ) - 295 ( 2 ) - 502 Model changeover ................. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 488 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 2,903 Natural disaster ................. - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - Overseas relocation .............. 12 12 18 3,407 2,770 2,427 1,716 3,875 1,293 Plant or machine repair .......... - 10 6 - 1,403 989 - 846 826 Product line discontinued ........ 6 9 13 1,145 1,224 2,530 1,308 2,297 2,303 Reorganization within company .... 130 104 168 38,566 21,832 32,584 31,087 20,100 22,591 Seasonal work .................... 540 1,034 406 103,034 213,983 69,694 86,184 159,727 54,480 Slack work ....................... 167 226 354 20,693 38,079 53,756 24,209 62,765 54,074 Vacation period .................. 8 ( 2 ) - 2,530 ( 2 ) - 2,972 ( 2 ) - Weather-related .................. 43 21 19 3,990 2,253 1,540 4,482 2,693 1,906 Other ............................ 43 47 63 9,041 7,636 12,297 7,680 7,248 10,037 Not reported ..................... 61 82 66 10,807 18,044 8,076 10,743 17,547 8,232 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, fourth quarter 2000 and first quarter 2001 Percent of total Total Layoff events initial Hispanic claimants Black origin Women Persons age 55 and over State IV I IV I IV I IV I IV I IV I 2000r 2001p 2000r 2001p 2000r 2001p 2000r 2001p 2000r 2001p 2000r 2001p Total( 1 ) ......... 2,005 1,664 375,774 244,000 11.3 14.9 24.5 20.1 35.4 39.7 12.4 11.5 Alabama ................ 13 16 2,333 2,246 21.0 22.2 .7 .6 26.5 39.1 12.5 10.2 Alaska ................. 12 ( 2 ) 1,401 ( 2 ) 1.8 1.1 11.5 1.1 25.1 12.4 11.8 12.4 Arizona ................ 16 16 2,595 2,199 3.5 2.2 41.6 56.2 48.5 31.7 11.6 15.9 Arkansas ............... 5 8 1,785 1,137 13.2 38.2 .3 .5 49.2 43.6 14.8 11.2 California ............. 508 429 83,217 52,056 4.8 5.0 66.5 57.0 43.8 43.0 10.6 10.5 Colorado ............... 17 10 2,116 1,126 1.7 9.4 38.5 18.6 17.4 44.9 11.7 11.7 Connecticut ............ 11 11 1,665 1,329 11.2 14.5 3.6 13.5 34.9 58.2 15.0 14.4 Delaware ............... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 22.2 - 13.3 - 64.4 - 31.1 - District of Columbia ... ( 2 ) 7 ( 2 ) 664 48.2 29.8 3.5 3.3 49.4 54.5 8.3 10.4 Florida ................ 81 118 14,058 14,381 21.1 23.4 22.9 21.2 46.1 43.5 14.5 15.9 Georgia ................ 15 10 2,333 904 36.7 55.8 6.3 1.4 40.9 39.4 9.1 12.6 Hawaii ................. 3 5 362 497 - 1.2 .6 .8 14.1 19.5 22.1 15.3 Idaho .................. 14 7 1,645 732 .1 .1 24.4 6.0 30.1 15.7 10.9 14.1 Illinois ............... 204 138 36,355 18,898 14.7 23.1 16.1 13.1 27.2 42.6 11.5 10.1 Indiana ................ 44 42 10,590 6,841 5.9 11.3 3.2 3.2 23.9 41.0 10.4 10.2 Iowa ................... 36 15 6,038 1,623 1.3 .6 2.6 .8 18.9 42.6 12.8 12.4 Kansas ................. 10 10 1,486 3,959 4.5 11.1 6.6 23.8 25.0 27.9 12.7 13.8 Kentucky ............... 29 18 3,931 2,615 4.8 7.3 .1 .1 29.9 38.5 15.2 9.8 Louisiana .............. 11 12 1,219 1,252 56.8 55.4 .8 1.0 40.0 39.1 10.1 9.7 Maine .................. 5 7 995 829 .4 1.2 .3 1.7 52.5 50.3 12.1 17.6 Maryland ............... 9 4 911 833 38.4 35.1 .1 2.2 22.7 46.8 27.0 24.5 Massachusetts .......... 37 30 6,105 3,601 6.4 8.1 10.0 4.8 45.9 44.6 16.8 11.2 Michigan ............... 157 100 31,402 20,626 16.6 31.2 8.2 3.0 35.0 31.9 9.8 10.6 Minnesota .............. 76 31 11,130 5,739 .8 2.2 5.2 .8 17.8 33.7 13.2 10.3 Mississippi ............ 20 17 2,014 1,998 70.4 65.4 .5 1.1 59.2 50.1 8.1 7.4 Missouri ............... 8 9 879 775 11.7 16.1 2.0 .4 51.0 51.0 17.7 21.2 Montana ................ 7 3 1,220 203 .8 1.0 1.1 4.4 23.4 10.8 14.9 11.3 Nebraska ............... - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 17.6 - - - 21.0 - 18.5 Nevada ................. 7 6 1,159 858 7.1 10.0 15.4 15.4 50.5 55.1 23.6 20.2 New Hampshire .......... ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) 488 - .4 - .6 10.8 50.2 18.0 21.3 New Jersey ............. 33 25 6,743 3,138 16.0 22.8 17.1 20.6 54.3 44.4 22.8 15.6 New Mexico ............. 3 3 442 314 2.5 1.3 77.4 69.1 43.2 37.6 15.8 22.3 New York ............... 65 47 10,547 5,266 12.6 8.7 14.1 9.5 43.2 35.2 13.6 10.7 North Carolina ......... 39 39 7,115 5,936 37.7 50.8 2.5 5.4 38.5 53.8 9.7 15.0 North Dakota ........... ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - - - 4.2 - 17.7 - 13.5 - Ohio ................... 130 99 32,212 13,062 11.8 10.4 2.9 1.8 20.1 27.6 13.6 11.1 Oklahoma ............... 5 7 2,175 940 15.8 10.6 2.5 1.7 25.1 50.3 10.7 12.0 Oregon ................. 30 57 7,447 10,037 2.5 4.1 24.6 16.3 37.3 36.7 14.3 12.4 Pennsylvania ........... 45 86 15,931 18,934 7.6 7.0 3.0 2.3 41.2 35.4 17.6 13.5 Rhode Island ........... 5 5 712 693 1.4 2.0 3.2 6.3 30.5 61.6 16.6 17.5 South Carolina ......... 6 8 1,419 2,980 57.9 35.1 .1 .3 52.6 43.8 2.5 .9 South Dakota ........... - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 1.8 - 2.2 - 56.2 - 8.3 Tennessee .............. 17 16 2,649 1,486 18.0 13.3 .2 - 53.7 55.7 18.0 14.6 Texas .................. 85 71 19,222 15,866 17.5 17.9 41.7 30.3 32.9 39.9 10.5 10.1 Utah ................... 11 13 1,678 1,857 .8 1.7 11.3 12.7 23.7 42.7 7.4 6.9 Vermont ................ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) .5 - - - 16.6 53.5 18.1 7.0 Virginia ............... 24 23 4,982 3,560 28.9 38.7 1.1 1.3 45.6 51.3 11.9 10.5 Washington ............. 54 37 8,453 4,587 2.5 3.5 39.5 12.6 35.7 32.9 11.5 9.8 West Virginia .......... 3 3 186 376 - - - - 32.8 52.7 13.4 16.5 Wisconsin .............. 87 36 23,208 5,927 5.6 5.4 9.3 2.5 31.0 39.0 14.1 11.3 Wyoming ................ - ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) - 1.6 - 32.3 - 19.4 - 12.9 Puerto Rico ............ 13 21 2,984 2,765 ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) 54.4 55.7 8.4 9.2 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. r = revised NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division I IV I I IV I I IV I 2000r 2000r 2001p 2000r 2000r 2001p 2000r 2000r 2001p United States( 1 )... 1,331 2,005 1,664 254,812 426,126 305,227 221,534 375,774 244,000 Northeast .................. 209 204 216 35,564 44,160 38,519 38,400 43,064 34,364 New England ............ 52 61 58 13,083 18,872 10,902 8,600 9,843 7,026 Middle Atlantic ........ 157 143 158 22,481 25,288 27,617 29,800 33,221 27,338 South ...................... 275 365 377 58,758 63,701 74,036 49,062 67,438 57,174 South Atlantic ......... 95 180 212 22,082 31,530 42,694 14,133 32,110 29,634 East South Central ..... 71 79 67 9,799 12,918 11,781 12,626 10,927 8,345 West South Central ..... 109 106 98 26,877 19,253 19,561 22,303 24,401 19,195 Midwest .................... 366 754 483 72,119 152,596 89,679 54,858 153,537 77,845 East North Central ..... 297 622 415 58,943 133,140 75,958 46,011 133,767 65,354 West North Central ..... 69 132 68 13,176 19,456 13,721 8,847 19,770 12,491 West ....................... 481 682 588 88,371 165,669 102,993 79,214 111,735 74,617 Mountain ............... 73 75 59 13,287 13,274 10,733 10,685 10,855 7,351 Pacific ................ 408 607 529 75,084 152,395 92,260 68,529 100,880 67,266 1 See footnote 1, table 1. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance State I IV I I IV I I IV I 2000r 2000r 2001p 2000r 2000r 2001p 2000r 2000r 2001p Total( 1 ) ......... 1,331 2,005 1,664 254,812 426,126 305,227 221,534 375,774 244,000 Alabama .................. 16 13 16 1,899 2,658 3,233 1,993 2,333 2,246 Alaska ................... 3 12 ( 2 ) 768 2,395 ( 2 ) 298 1,401 ( 2 ) Arizona .................. 30 16 16 7,638 1,963 2,702 6,261 2,595 2,199 Arkansas ................. 3 5 8 310 1,351 2,168 202 1,785 1,137 California ............... 356 508 429 65,947 130,213 71,560 57,145 83,217 52,056 Colorado ................. 9 17 10 1,767 2,493 1,511 1,433 2,116 1,126 Connecticut .............. 8 11 11 1,421 2,837 2,153 1,183 1,665 1,329 Delaware ................. - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - District of Columbia ..... ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 7 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 664 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 664 Florida .................. 26 81 118 6,775 12,433 21,785 4,469 14,058 14,381 Georgia .................. 9 15 10 1,367 2,837 1,166 1,158 2,333 904 Hawaii ................... 9 3 5 897 328 447 918 362 497 Idaho .................... 11 14 7 1,330 2,136 946 1,083 1,645 732 Illinois ................. 90 204 138 19,084 48,385 30,325 13,469 36,355 18,898 Indiana .................. 23 44 42 3,626 7,815 8,167 2,881 10,590 6,841 Iowa ..................... 27 36 15 3,415 4,553 1,867 3,415 6,038 1,623 Kansas ................... 3 10 10 247 1,375 3,585 242 1,486 3,959 Kentucky ................. 16 29 18 2,130 5,362 2,156 1,830 3,931 2,615 Louisiana ................ 20 11 12 2,826 1,219 1,258 3,164 1,219 1,252 Maine .................... 4 5 7 1,769 6,811 1,796 1,217 995 829 Maryland ................. 4 9 4 881 1,249 3,161 589 911 833 Massachusetts ............ 35 37 30 7,999 8,060 4,707 5,255 6,105 3,601 Michigan ................. 65 157 100 10,982 25,048 15,504 11,469 31,402 20,626 Minnesota ................ 23 76 31 6,844 12,327 6,369 3,414 11,130 5,739 Mississippi .............. 9 20 17 3,704 2,785 3,344 1,701 2,014 1,998 Missouri ................. 10 8 9 1,917 964 1,618 1,023 879 775 Montana .................. ( 2 ) 7 3 ( 2 ) 1,176 175 ( 2 ) 1,220 203 Nebraska ................. 4 - ( 2 ) 474 - ( 2 ) 474 - ( 2 ) Nevada ................... 10 7 6 1,098 1,567 1,859 933 1,159 858 New Hampshire ............ ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1,081 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) 488 New Jersey ............... 33 33 25 3,412 6,527 8,314 4,082 6,743 3,138 New Mexico ............... 6 3 3 565 1,158 314 479 442 314 New York ................. 45 65 47 5,465 11,482 6,130 6,304 10,547 5,266 North Carolina ........... 23 39 39 4,779 8,996 8,908 3,283 7,115 5,936 North Dakota ............. ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - Ohio ..................... 83 130 99 11,748 24,183 14,430 9,794 32,212 13,062 Oklahoma ................. 6 5 7 903 2,175 1,111 903 2,175 940 Oregon ................... 22 30 57 2,940 7,447 10,037 2,923 7,447 10,037 Pennsylvania ............. 79 45 86 13,604 7,279 13,173 19,414 15,931 18,934 Rhode Island ............. 3 5 5 1,609 765 965 739 712 693 South Carolina ........... 5 6 8 421 776 1,737 599 1,419 2,980 South Dakota ............. - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) Tennessee ................ 30 17 16 2,066 2,113 3,048 7,102 2,649 1,486 Texas .................... 80 85 71 22,838 14,508 15,024 18,034 19,222 15,866 Utah ..................... 5 11 13 760 2,781 3,164 375 1,678 1,857 Vermont .................. - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) - ( 2 ) ( 2 ) Virginia ................. 21 24 23 6,920 3,947 4,897 3,183 4,982 3,560 Washington ............... 18 54 37 4,532 12,012 10,127 7,245 8,453 4,587 West Virginia ............ 6 3 3 755 186 376 668 186 376 Wisconsin ................ 36 87 36 13,503 27,709 7,532 8,398 23,208 5,927 Wyoming .................. - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) - - ( 2 ) Puerto Rico .............. 16 13 21 2,780 3,505 2,791 2,484 2,984 2,765 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. p = preliminary. r = revised. NOTE: Dash represents zero.