For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, April 6, 2021	USDL-21-0620
Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                           JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – FEBRUARY 2021

The number of job openings edged up to 7.4 million on the last business day of February, the U.S. 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires also edged up to 5.7 million while total separations 
were little changed at 5.5 million. Within separations, the quits rate and layoffs and discharges rate were 
unchanged at 2.3 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of the number 
and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by industry, by four 
geographic regions, and by establishment size class. 
   
Job Openings

On the last business day of February, the number of job openings edged up to 7.4 million (+268,000). 
The job openings rate was little changed at 4.9 percent. Job openings increased in health care and social 
assistance (+233,000); accommodation and food services (+104,000); and arts, entertainment, and 
recreation (+56,000). The number of job openings decreased in state and local government education
(-117,000); educational services (-35,000); and information (-34,000). The number of job openings was 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 1.)

Hires

In February, the number of hires edged up to 5.7 million (+273,000). The hires rate was little changed at 
4.0 percent. Hires increased in accommodation and food services (+220,000). Hires decreased in state 
and local government education (-80,000) and in educational services (-25,000). The number of hires 
increased in the South region. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 
voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 
workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 
by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 
to other locations of the same firm.

In February, the number and rate of total separations were little changed at 5.5 million and 3.8 percent, 
respectively. The total separations level decreased in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-97,000) 
and in federal government (-17,000). Total separations increased in construction (+90,000); state and 
local government education (+51,000); and educational services (+36,000). Total separations were little 
changed in all four regions. (See table 3.)

In February, the quits level and rate were little changed at 3.4 million and 2.3 percent, respectively. The 
number of quits increased in state and local government education (+29,000); educational services 
(+22,000); and real estate and rental and leasing (+15,000). Quits decreased in federal government
(-7,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

In February, the number and rate of layoffs and discharges were little changed at 1.8 million and 1.2 
percent, respectively. The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in transportation, warehousing, 
and utilities (-91,000) and in federal government (-6,000). Layoffs and discharges increased in finance 
and insurance (+24.000). Layoffs and discharges decreased in the West region. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in February at 323,000. Other separations increased 
in state and local government education (+9,000) and in educational services (+4,000). Other separations 
decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-7,000) and in federal government (-3,000). The other 
separations level was little changed in all four regions. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in February, hires totaled 72.3 million and separations totaled 80.9 million, 
yielding a net employment loss of 8.6 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

JOLTS produces estimates for job openings, hires, and separations by establishment size. These 
estimates can provide additional insight into the internal dynamics of the labor market. There are six 
employment size classes: 1-9; 10-49; 50-249; 250-999; 1,000-4,999; and 5,000 or more employees. 
Utilizing these size classes, establishments can also be described as small (1-49 employees), medium 
(50-249), and large (250+). For a more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class 
estimates, please visit www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

In February, the hires rate increased in small establishments with 10-49 employees. In large 
establishments with 250-999 employees, the job openings rate increased. 
_____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for March 2021 are scheduled to be 
released on Tuesday, May 11, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                        Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on February 2021			|
|			      Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data				|
|													|
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42 	|
|percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 	|
|respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to| 
|the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for 	|
|February was 45 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent. 		|
|													|
|More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including		| 
|information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/job-		|
|openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-february-2021.htm.							|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,012	7,099	7,367	5,979	5,465	5,738	5,715	5,323	5,456
Total private	6,241	6,380	6,732	5,592	5,102	5,446	5,366	5,007	5,107
Mining and logging	24	24	18	23	17	17	21	17	21
Construction	302	300	266	390	346	396	366	338	428
Manufacturing	402	537	538	355	351	387	347	362	362
Durable goods	252	308	304	216	192	221	207	205	197
Nondurable goods	151	228	234	139	159	166	140	158	165
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,236	1,308	1,364	1,268	1,183	1,124	1,255	1,197	1,134
Wholesale trade	181	192	202	152	152	144	157	136	143
Retail trade	734	793	817	844	778	742	846	718	745
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	321	323	345	272	254	239	253	343	246
Information	139	129	95	95	77	84	91	66	79
Financial activities	416	306	321	239	202	207	221	206	214
Finance and insurance	312	226	247	156	126	134	149	135	135
Real estate and rental and leasing	104	80	75	84	76	74	72	72	79
Professional and business services	1,307	1,404	1,390	1,126	1,078	1,103	1,098	1,003	1,058
Education and health services	1,262	1,368	1,565	769	708	708	716	681	677
Educational services	116	148	113	92	110	85	94	48	84
Health care and social assistance	1,146	1,220	1,453	677	598	623	622	632	593
Leisure and hospitality	945	738	898	1,100	928	1,154	1,037	933	886
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	138	81	137	169	120	126	161	136	125
Accommodation and food services	807	657	761	931	808	1,028	876	797	760
Other services	208	265	275	226	212	266	215	203	250
Government	771	719	635	387	363	292	349	316	349
Federal	122	79	83	53	32	37	42	59	42
State and local	649	641	552	335	331	256	307	257	307
State and local education	255	294	177	167	193	113	150	105	156
State and local, excluding education	394	347	375	167	137	143	157	152	151
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.4	4.7	4.9	3.9	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.7	3.8
Total private	4.6	5.0	5.2	4.3	4.2	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.2
Mining and logging	3.3	3.9	3.0	3.3	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.8	3.6
Construction	3.8	3.9	3.5	5.1	4.7	5.4	4.8	4.6	5.8
Manufacturing	3.0	4.2	4.2	2.8	2.9	3.2	2.7	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	3.0	3.9	3.8	2.7	2.5	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.6
Nondurable goods	3.1	4.7	4.8	2.9	3.4	3.6	2.9	3.4	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.2	4.6	4.8	4.5	4.4	4.2	4.5	4.4	4.2
Wholesale trade	3.0	3.3	3.5	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.5
Retail trade	4.5	5.0	5.1	5.4	5.1	4.9	5.4	4.7	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	4.8	5.0	5.3	4.3	4.1	3.8	4.0	5.5	4.0
Information	4.5	4.6	3.5	3.3	2.9	3.1	3.1	2.5	2.9
Financial activities	4.5	3.4	3.5	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.4
Finance and insurance	4.6	3.3	3.6	2.4	1.9	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	4.2	3.5	3.2	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.6
Professional and business services	5.7	6.4	6.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.1	4.9	5.1
Education and health services	4.9	5.6	6.3	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9
Educational services	3.0	4.2	3.2	2.4	3.3	2.5	2.5	1.4	2.5
Health care and social assistance	5.2	5.8	6.8	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	5.3	5.3	6.3	6.5	7.1	8.6	6.1	7.1	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	5.2	4.5	7.4	6.8	7.1	7.3	6.4	8.0	7.3
Accommodation and food services	5.3	5.4	6.1	6.5	7.1	8.8	6.1	7.0	6.5
Other services	3.4	4.6	4.8	3.8	3.9	4.8	3.6	3.7	4.5
Government	3.3	3.2	2.9	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.6
Federal	4.1	2.7	2.8	1.8	1.1	1.3	1.5	2.0	1.5
State and local	3.1	3.3	2.9	1.7	1.8	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.7
State and local education	2.3	2.9	1.8	1.6	2.0	1.2	1.4	1.1	1.6
State and local, excluding education	4.0	3.7	4.0	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

Special technical note:  This technical note describes the procedures regularly used on a monthly basis to develop 
estimates from JOLTS survey responses. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the procedures described in this technical 
note have been modified. The modifications are briefly described in the box note in the news release and are 
described in more detail at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm.

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	7,012	6,873	6,766	6,752	7,099	7,367	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,241	6,173	6,078	6,094	6,380	6,732	4.6	4.9	4.8	4.8	5.0	5.2
Mining and logging	24	21	16	21	24	18	3.3	3.4	2.7	3.4	3.9	3.0
Construction	302	253	261	267	300	266	3.8	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.5
Manufacturing	402	545	514	479	537	538	3.0	4.3	4.0	3.8	4.2	4.2
Durable goods	252	302	250	271	308	304	3.0	3.9	3.2	3.4	3.9	3.8
Nondurable goods	151	243	263	209	228	234	3.1	5.0	5.4	4.3	4.7	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,236	1,160	1,204	1,215	1,308	1,364	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.3	4.6	4.8
Wholesale trade	181	178	175	173	192	202	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.3	3.5
Retail trade	734	703	720	764	793	817	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.8	5.0	5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	321	278	310	277	323	345	4.8	4.3	4.7	4.3	5.0	5.3
Information	139	117	98	109	129	95	4.5	4.2	3.6	3.9	4.6	3.5
Financial activities	416	304	287	295	306	321	4.5	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5
Finance and insurance	312	225	216	231	226	247	4.6	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	104	79	70	65	80	75	4.2	3.4	3.1	2.8	3.5	3.2
Professional and business services	1,307	1,225	1,261	1,478	1,404	1,390	5.7	5.7	5.8	6.7	6.4	6.3
Education and health services	1,262	1,394	1,335	1,277	1,368	1,565	4.9	5.7	5.4	5.2	5.6	6.3
Educational services	116	116	101	90	148	113	3.0	3.3	2.9	2.6	4.2	3.2
Health care and social assistance	1,146	1,278	1,234	1,187	1,220	1,453	5.2	6.1	5.8	5.6	5.8	6.8
Leisure and hospitality	945	888	859	747	738	898	5.3	6.1	5.9	5.4	5.3	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	138	97	110	62	81	137	5.2	5.2	5.7	3.5	4.5	7.4
Accommodation and food services	807	792	749	685	657	761	5.3	6.3	6.0	5.7	5.4	6.1
Other services	208	266	243	205	265	275	3.4	4.6	4.2	3.6	4.6	4.8
Government	771	700	688	659	719	635	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.2	2.9
Federal	122	103	103	98	79	83	4.1	3.3	3.5	3.3	2.7	2.8
State and local	649	598	584	561	641	552	3.1	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.3	2.9
State and local education	255	228	207	217	294	177	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.9	1.8
State and local, excluding education	394	369	377	344	347	375	4.0	3.9	4.0	3.7	3.7	4.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,212	1,170	1,166	1,142	1,165	1,277	4.2	4.3	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.7
South	2,620	2,717	2,623	2,645	2,831	2,924	4.5	4.9	4.8	4.8	5.1	5.3
Midwest	1,524	1,463	1,455	1,465	1,520	1,554	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.8
West	1,656	1,524	1,522	1,501	1,583	1,611	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.6
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	5,979	6,035	6,019	5,411	5,465	5,738	3.9	4.2	4.2	3.8	3.8	4.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,592	5,696	5,649	5,072	5,102	5,446	4.3	4.7	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.5
Mining and logging	23	19	25	24	17	17	3.3	3.2	4.2	4.0	2.9	2.9
Construction	390	401	389	399	346	396	5.1	5.5	5.3	5.4	4.7	5.4
Manufacturing	355	384	405	398	351	387	2.8	3.2	3.3	3.3	2.9	3.2
Durable goods	216	226	230	224	192	221	2.7	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.5	2.9
Nondurable goods	139	159	176	174	159	166	2.9	3.4	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,268	1,276	1,285	1,199	1,183	1,124	4.5	4.8	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.2
Wholesale trade	152	136	150	160	152	144	2.6	2.4	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.6
Retail trade	844	739	713	814	778	742	5.4	4.9	4.7	5.3	5.1	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	272	401	421	225	254	239	4.3	6.5	6.7	3.6	4.1	3.8
Information	95	123	81	72	77	84	3.3	4.6	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1
Financial activities	239	250	217	212	202	207	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.4
Finance and insurance	156	152	143	134	126	134	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.0	1.9	2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	84	99	73	78	76	74	3.5	4.5	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3
Professional and business services	1,126	1,102	1,220	1,121	1,078	1,103	5.2	5.4	6.0	5.5	5.2	5.3
Education and health services	769	727	725	700	708	708	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
Educational services	92	88	90	67	110	85	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.0	3.3	2.5
Health care and social assistance	677	639	635	633	598	623	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,100	1,154	1,097	758	928	1,154	6.5	8.5	8.1	5.8	7.1	8.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	169	145	138	60	120	126	6.8	8.1	7.6	3.5	7.1	7.3
Accommodation and food services	931	1,009	959	698	808	1,028	6.5	8.5	8.1	6.1	7.1	8.8
Other services	226	258	206	187	212	266	3.8	4.7	3.8	3.4	3.9	4.8
Government	387	339	370	339	363	292	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.4
Federal	53	47	68	47	32	37	1.8	1.6	2.4	1.6	1.1	1.3
State and local	335	292	302	292	331	256	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.8	1.4
State and local education	167	138	140	145	193	113	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.5	2.0	1.2
State and local, excluding education	167	154	163	147	137	143	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	965	985	937	867	867	950	3.5	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.6
South	2,375	2,413	2,458	2,156	2,054	2,218	4.2	4.6	4.7	4.1	3.9	4.2
Midwest	1,243	1,230	1,316	1,203	1,241	1,290	3.8	4.0	4.3	3.9	4.0	4.2
West	1,396	1,407	1,309	1,184	1,303	1,279	3.9	4.2	3.9	3.5	3.9	3.8
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	5,715	5,427	5,744	5,582	5,323	5,456	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.7	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,366	4,878	5,305	5,236	5,007	5,107	4.1	4.0	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.2
Mining and logging	21	20	20	19	17	21	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.1	2.8	3.6
Construction	366	343	362	352	338	428	4.8	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.6	5.8
Manufacturing	347	354	367	387	362	362	2.7	2.9	3.0	3.2	3.0	3.0
Durable goods	207	205	206	213	205	197	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.6
Nondurable goods	140	149	161	173	158	165	2.9	3.2	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,255	1,129	1,123	1,123	1,197	1,134	4.5	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.2
Wholesale trade	157	122	143	151	136	143	2.7	2.2	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.5
Retail trade	846	740	735	737	718	745	5.4	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	253	268	245	235	343	246	4.0	4.4	3.9	3.8	5.5	4.0
Information	91	78	79	74	66	79	3.1	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.5	2.9
Financial activities	221	208	199	182	206	214	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.4
Finance and insurance	149	131	133	113	135	135	2.3	2.0	2.0	1.7	2.1	2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	72	78	66	69	72	79	3.0	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.6
Professional and business services	1,098	1,036	1,123	1,007	1,003	1,058	5.1	5.1	5.5	4.9	4.9	5.1
Education and health services	716	709	690	681	681	677	2.9	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.9
Educational services	94	84	89	102	48	84	2.5	2.5	2.6	3.1	1.4	2.5
Health care and social assistance	622	625	600	579	632	593	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.2	3.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,037	828	1,134	1,221	933	886	6.1	6.1	8.3	9.3	7.1	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	161	115	102	173	136	125	6.4	6.5	5.6	10.1	8.0	7.3
Accommodation and food services	876	713	1,032	1,049	797	760	6.1	6.0	8.7	9.2	7.0	6.5
Other services	215	172	209	190	203	250	3.6	3.1	3.8	3.5	3.7	4.5
Government	349	549	439	346	316	349	1.5	2.5	2.0	1.6	1.5	1.6
Federal	42	198	134	50	59	42	1.5	6.6	4.6	1.7	2.0	1.5
State and local	307	351	305	296	257	307	1.5	1.9	1.6	1.6	1.4	1.7
State and local education	150	196	150	141	105	156	1.4	2.0	1.6	1.5	1.1	1.6
State and local, excluding education	157	155	155	155	152	151	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7	1.7
REGION(3)
Northeast	901	892	904	858	794	881	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.4
South	2,163	2,177	2,176	2,186	2,128	2,150	3.9	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.1
Midwest	1,274	1,202	1,308	1,166	1,111	1,194	3.9	3.9	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.9
West	1,377	1,157	1,355	1,372	1,290	1,231	3.9	3.5	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.7
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	3,430	3,352	3,296	3,407	3,306	3,357	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,240	3,125	3,113	3,224	3,140	3,164	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6
Mining and logging	13	9	12	9	8	11	1.9	1.4	2.0	1.6	1.3	1.8
Construction	153	132	163	161	139	163	2.0	1.8	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.2
Manufacturing	189	231	235	240	251	253	1.5	1.9	1.9	2.0	2.1	2.1
Durable goods	110	123	129	135	142	135	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.8
Nondurable goods	78	109	106	105	109	117	1.6	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	768	744	752	816	755	748	2.8	2.8	2.8	3.0	2.8	2.8
Wholesale trade	99	89	75	97	71	84	1.7	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.3	1.5
Retail trade	526	512	540	549	539	531	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	142	142	137	170	145	133	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.7	2.3	2.2
Information	52	40	40	39	37	41	1.8	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5
Financial activities	130	127	124	108	148	140	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.6
Finance and insurance	88	81	82	69	106	83	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	43	46	42	38	42	57	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.7	1.9	2.5
Professional and business services	622	619	592	581	580	572	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.8
Education and health services	495	510	446	471	469	471	2.0	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.0	2.0
Educational services	59	44	46	52	25	47	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.6	0.7	1.4
Health care and social assistance	436	467	400	419	443	425	2.1	2.4	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.1
Leisure and hospitality	690	605	622	687	641	617	4.1	4.4	4.6	5.2	4.9	4.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	78	57	56	71	64	49	3.1	3.2	3.1	4.2	3.8	2.8
Accommodation and food services	612	548	566	616	577	568	4.2	4.6	4.8	5.4	5.1	4.8
Other services	127	108	126	113	114	148	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.7
Government	190	228	183	183	166	194	0.8	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9
Federal	19	31	24	21	26	19	0.7	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.7
State and local	171	197	159	162	140	175	0.9	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.9
State and local education	87	106	81	81	62	91	0.8	1.1	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.9
State and local, excluding education	84	91	78	81	78	84	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	484	460	466	436	432	445	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7
South	1,361	1,479	1,445	1,465	1,427	1,396	2.4	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7
Midwest	767	733	709	761	727	751	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.4	2.4
West	818	680	676	746	719	766	2.3	2.0	2.0	2.2	2.2	2.3
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	1,953	1,728	2,123	1,823	1,724	1,775	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,860	1,483	1,930	1,734	1,634	1,688	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.4
Mining and logging	6	11	7	9	7	9	0.8	1.8	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.5
Construction	200	200	189	183	187	250	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.5	2.5	3.4
Manufacturing	136	99	110	120	90	84	1.1	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.7	0.7
Durable goods	83	69	62	64	48	46	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6
Nondurable goods	53	29	47	56	42	38	1.1	0.6	1.0	1.2	0.9	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	426	313	327	243	414	337	1.5	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.5	1.2
Wholesale trade	52	25	61	40	61	47	0.9	0.5	1.1	0.7	1.1	0.8
Retail trade	280	187	174	156	164	192	1.8	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	94	101	92	46	189	98	1.5	1.6	1.5	0.7	3.0	1.6
Information	33	33	33	30	22	26	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.1	0.8	1.0
Financial activities	71	49	54	50	32	57	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4	0.6
Finance and insurance	43	20	36	23	13	37	0.7	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.2	0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	28	29	18	27	19	20	1.2	1.3	0.8	1.2	0.9	0.9
Professional and business services	407	362	449	359	372	429	1.9	1.8	2.2	1.7	1.8	2.1
Education and health services	174	160	203	168	160	162	0.7	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7
Educational services	31	35	38	41	21	31	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.2	0.6	0.9
Health care and social assistance	143	125	165	126	139	131	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	323	197	485	506	267	244	1.9	1.4	3.6	3.9	2.0	1.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	80	56	44	98	70	74	3.2	3.1	2.4	5.7	4.1	4.3
Accommodation and food services	243	141	441	409	197	170	1.7	1.2	3.7	3.6	1.7	1.4
Other services	85	59	72	66	84	91	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.7
Government	94	245	194	89	89	87	0.4	1.1	0.9	0.4	0.4	0.4
Federal	9	153	98	12	18	12	0.3	5.1	3.4	0.4	0.6	0.4
State and local	84	92	95	77	71	76	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local education	41	59	41	31	24	37	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.4
State and local, excluding education	43	33	54	46	47	39	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4
REGION(3)
Northeast	372	378	382	356	309	382	1.3	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
South	675	553	636	576	598	629	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.2
Midwest	440	401	527	338	328	370	1.3	1.3	1.7	1.1	1.1	1.2
West	466	396	578	554	488	394	1.3	1.2	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Oct. 2020	Nov. 2020	Dec. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	332	347	325	352	294	323	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	267	271	262	278	233	255	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	1	1	1	2	2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.3
Construction	13	12	10	7	13	16	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	22	24	22	27	22	25	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	14	13	15	14	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	9	11	8	12	7	9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	62	73	44	64	28	48	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wholesale trade	6	7	6	13	4	12	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	40	42	22	32	15	21	0.3	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	17	24	16	19	10	15	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2
Information	6	5	5	4	7	12	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.4
Financial activities	19	32	21	24	27	18	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finance and insurance	18	30	16	21	16	15	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	2	5	3	10	3	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.5	0.1
Professional and business services	69	55	82	67	51	57	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.3
Education and health services	48	38	41	43	52	43	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	4	5	5	9	2	6	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	43	33	36	34	50	38	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	24	26	26	28	25	25	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	2	2	3	2	2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	21	24	25	24	23	23	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other services	2	5	10	12	6	11	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Government	65	77	63	74	61	68	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	13	14	12	17	15	12	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.4
State and local	52	63	51	57	46	56	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local education	22	31	29	29	19	28	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local, excluding education	30	31	22	28	27	28	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	45	55	56	66	53	54	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
South	126	145	95	146	103	124	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Midwest	68	68	72	67	55	74	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	93	80	101	72	83	71	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	6,701	7,080	7,151	4.3	4.8	4.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,947	6,376	6,546	4.4	5.1	5.2
Mining and logging	22	24	16	3.1	3.8	2.7
Construction	290	304	248	3.8	4.1	3.4
Manufacturing	392	532	528	3.0	4.2	4.1
Durable goods	242	305	294	2.9	3.9	3.7
Nondurable goods	150	227	234	3.1	4.7	4.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,104	1,184	1,278	3.9	4.2	4.6
Wholesale trade	176	204	207	2.9	3.5	3.6
Retail trade	622	658	731	3.9	4.2	4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	306	322	340	4.6	4.9	5.3
Information	130	133	87	4.3	4.8	3.2
Financial activities	390	354	307	4.2	3.9	3.4
Finance and insurance	295	260	243	4.3	3.8	3.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	95	94	64	3.9	4.1	2.8
Professional and business services	1,266	1,435	1,372	5.7	6.6	6.3
Education and health services	1,216	1,491	1,529	4.7	6.1	6.1
Educational services	114	151	113	2.8	4.3	3.1
Health care and social assistance	1,102	1,341	1,416	5.0	6.3	6.7
Leisure and hospitality	936	655	912	5.4	5.0	6.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	149	74	155	6.2	4.6	9.0
Accommodation and food services	787	581	757	5.3	5.0	6.2
Other services	200	265	269	3.3	4.7	4.7
Government	754	704	605	3.2	3.2	2.7
Federal	130	79	88	4.4	2.7	3.0
State and local	625	625	518	3.0	3.3	2.7
State and local education	233	291	142	2.1	2.9	1.4
State and local, excluding education	392	334	376	4.1	3.6	4.1
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,141	1,138	1,216	4.0	4.2	4.5
South	2,524	2,820	2,854	4.4	5.2	5.2
Midwest	1,483	1,462	1,524	4.3	4.6	4.7
West	1,553	1,660	1,557	4.2	4.8	4.5
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	4,986	5,223	4,746	3.3	3.7	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,686	4,881	4,542	3.7	4.1	3.8
Mining and logging	19	19	13	2.8	3.3	2.2
Construction	317	310	328	4.3	4.4	4.7
Manufacturing	323	360	353	2.5	3.0	2.9
Durable goods	200	202	205	2.5	2.7	2.7
Nondurable goods	123	158	148	2.6	3.4	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,028	1,052	881	3.7	3.9	3.3
Wholesale trade	135	161	126	2.3	2.9	2.3
Retail trade	687	643	580	4.5	4.2	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	207	248	174	3.3	4.0	2.8
Information	84	81	73	2.9	3.1	2.7
Financial activities	205	218	170	2.3	2.5	1.9
Finance and insurance	139	144	117	2.1	2.2	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	66	74	53	2.8	3.4	2.4
Professional and business services	989	1,118	963	4.7	5.5	4.7
Education and health services	673	740	603	2.7	3.2	2.6
Educational services	69	117	58	1.8	3.5	1.6
Health care and social assistance	604	623	545	2.9	3.2	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	872	760	937	5.4	6.0	7.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	115	77	85	5.0	5.0	5.4
Accommodation and food services	757	682	852	5.4	6.2	7.5
Other services	177	222	223	3.0	4.1	4.1
Government	300	342	204	1.3	1.6	0.9
Federal	47	29	30	1.6	1.0	1.0
State and local	253	313	175	1.3	1.7	0.9
State and local education	127	202	69	1.1	2.1	0.7
State and local, excluding education	127	110	106	1.4	1.2	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	735	764	730	2.7	3.0	2.8
South	2,081	2,098	1,923	3.8	4.1	3.7
Midwest	994	1,133	1,051	3.0	3.7	3.4
West	1,177	1,228	1,042	3.3	3.7	3.1
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	4,626	5,842	4,404	3.1	4.1	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,392	5,583	4,179	3.4	4.7	3.5
Mining and logging	22	23	23	3.3	3.8	3.9
Construction	275	379	352	3.8	5.4	5.0
Manufacturing	301	363	319	2.4	3.0	2.6
Durable goods	181	213	173	2.3	2.8	2.3
Nondurable goods	120	151	146	2.5	3.3	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,057	1,566	942	3.8	5.8	3.5
Wholesale trade	137	152	123	2.3	2.7	2.2
Retail trade	710	890	624	4.6	5.9	4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	209	524	194	3.3	8.4	3.2
Information	77	85	66	2.6	3.2	2.5
Financial activities	186	235	176	2.1	2.7	2.0
Finance and insurance	129	151	116	2.0	2.3	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	57	83	60	2.5	3.8	2.7
Professional and business services	951	1,083	920	4.5	5.3	4.5
Education and health services	607	755	562	2.5	3.3	2.4
Educational services	58	43	47	1.5	1.3	1.3
Health care and social assistance	549	712	514	2.6	3.6	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	764	902	612	4.7	7.2	4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	78	107	46	3.4	7.0	2.9
Accommodation and food services	686	795	566	4.9	7.2	5.0
Other services	151	191	207	2.6	3.5	3.8
Government	234	260	226	1.0	1.2	1.0
Federal	35	74	34	1.2	2.6	1.2
State and local	199	186	192	1.0	1.0	1.0
State and local education	83	53	81	0.8	0.5	0.8
State and local, excluding education	116	133	111	1.3	1.5	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	653	916	666	2.4	3.6	2.6
South	1,836	2,320	1,789	3.3	4.5	3.4
Midwest	1,038	1,234	977	3.2	4.0	3.2
West	1,100	1,372	972	3.1	4.2	2.9
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	2,789	3,291	2,753	1.8	2.3	1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	2,649	3,163	2,612	2.1	2.6	2.2
Mining and logging	11	8	10	1.7	1.3	1.7
Construction	115	132	133	1.6	1.9	1.9
Manufacturing	159	238	226	1.2	2.0	1.9
Durable goods	94	137	120	1.2	1.8	1.6
Nondurable goods	65	100	105	1.4	2.2	2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	635	760	619	2.3	2.8	2.3
Wholesale trade	82	75	68	1.4	1.3	1.2
Retail trade	427	554	434	2.8	3.7	2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	126	131	118	2.0	2.1	1.9
Information	45	41	36	1.6	1.5	1.4
Financial activities	105	149	118	1.2	1.7	1.4
Finance and insurance	73	104	71	1.1	1.6	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	32	44	48	1.4	2.0	2.2
Professional and business services	525	609	477	2.5	3.0	2.3
Education and health services	432	505	410	1.8	2.2	1.8
Educational services	43	25	32	1.1	0.8	0.9
Health care and social assistance	389	479	378	1.9	2.4	1.9
Leisure and hospitality	538	621	467	3.3	4.9	3.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	54	53	29	2.4	3.5	1.8
Accommodation and food services	483	567	438	3.4	5.1	3.8
Other services	84	103	114	1.4	1.9	2.1
Government	140	129	142	0.6	0.6	0.7
Federal	17	27	16	0.6	0.9	0.6
State and local	123	102	126	0.6	0.5	0.7
State and local education	55	33	56	0.5	0.3	0.6
State and local, excluding education	68	69	70	0.7	0.8	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	368	452	345	1.3	1.8	1.3
South	1,165	1,455	1,172	2.1	2.8	2.2
Midwest	624	709	626	1.9	2.3	2.0
West	632	675	610	1.8	2.0	1.8
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	1,549	2,198	1,377	1.0	1.6	1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,502	2,124	1,339	1.2	1.8	1.1
Mining and logging	9	12	11	1.3	1.9	1.9
Construction	153	234	207	2.1	3.3	3.0
Manufacturing	123	96	72	1.0	0.8	0.6
Durable goods	76	55	39	1.0	0.7	0.5
Nondurable goods	47	41	32	1.0	0.9	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	366	773	280	1.3	2.9	1.0
Wholesale trade	51	72	45	0.9	1.3	0.8
Retail trade	246	316	170	1.6	2.1	1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	69	385	64	1.1	6.2	1.1
Information	27	34	19	0.9	1.3	0.7
Financial activities	65	51	47	0.7	0.6	0.5
Finance and insurance	41	24	35	0.6	0.4	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	25	28	11	1.1	1.3	0.5
Professional and business services	359	406	388	1.7	2.0	1.9
Education and health services	128	182	108	0.5	0.8	0.5
Educational services	12	15	12	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health care and social assistance	116	167	97	0.6	0.8	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	207	256	126	1.3	2.0	1.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	22	52	16	0.9	3.4	1.0
Accommodation and food services	186	204	110	1.3	1.8	1.0
Other services	65	82	81	1.1	1.5	1.5
Government	47	74	37	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	7	27	9	0.2	0.9	0.3
State and local	40	47	29	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	18	12	12	0.2	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	22	35	17	0.2	0.4	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	250	406	279	0.9	1.6	1.1
South	557	734	506	1.0	1.4	1.0
Midwest	361	461	290	1.1	1.5	0.9
West	381	597	301	1.1	1.8	0.9
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)	Feb. 2020	Jan. 2021	Feb. 2021(p)
Total	288	353	274	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	240	296	228	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mining and logging	2	3	2	0.3	0.6	0.3
Construction	7	14	11	0.1	0.2	0.2
Manufacturing	19	30	22	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	11	20	14	0.1	0.3	0.2
Nondurable goods	8	9	8	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	56	34	43	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wholesale trade	4	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Retail trade	37	20	20	0.2	0.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	14	8	12	0.2	0.1	0.2
Information	5	10	11	0.2	0.4	0.4
Financial activities	16	35	11	0.2	0.4	0.1
Finance and insurance	15	24	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Real estate and rental and leasing	1	11	1	0.0	0.5	0.0
Professional and business services	67	69	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Education and health services	47	68	43	0.2	0.3	0.2
Educational services	3	3	4	0.1	0.1	0.1
Health care and social assistance	44	65	39	0.2	0.3	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	19	26	19	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	2	1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Accommodation and food services	17	24	18	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other services	2	6	11	0.0	0.1	0.2
Government	47	57	46	0.2	0.3	0.2
Federal	12	21	9	0.4	0.7	0.3
State and local	35	37	37	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local education	10	8	13	0.1	0.1	0.1
State and local, excluding education	26	29	24	0.3	0.3	0.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	35	57	41	0.1	0.2	0.2
South	113	133	111	0.2	0.3	0.2
Midwest	54	64	61	0.2	0.2	0.2
West	86	98	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.